1.

DANISA MYRA_15411043 1. The land use planning system, and the decision makers within it,play a key role in national life. They determinee where and in what form development can occur, protect key environmental assets, and establish the location of essential infrastructure (Confederation of British Industry, Land Development and Design, 14) 2. Land use planning in this context is not simply about saying what activities should go where. It incorporates the way both public andprivate space is used that make places attractive tobe in and easy to use. It is broadly concerned withthe activities and interests of people who live andwork in the area.(Public Transport and Land Use Planning, HiTrans Best Practice Guide 1, 8) 3.Urban land use planning can no longer afford to be merely anthropogenic(human-centred). Instead, it has to also consider environmental issues including the interdependency of human and non-human species and the rights and intrinsicvalues of non-human species in our pursuit for a sustainable ecosystem. It has to be ecological.(Eco City Planning,Policies,Practice and Design, Tai- Chee Wong, Belinda Yuen, 2) 4.Land use plan is a key tool to coordinate community land use and development activities(Urban Land Use Planning, Philip R. Berke,David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel A. Rodriguez, 5) 5.Land use planning in America has traditionally menat planning that supports this conventional low- density development process(Urban Land Use Planning, Philip R. Berke,David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel A. Rodriguez, 8) 2. HUSNA TIARA PUTRI_15411011 6. Land use planning refers to a process of determining equitable and efficient use of land through proper allocation to ensure proper sitting of the building and other land uses including farming. (Magigi et al, 2009 in Urban Development, Janeza Trdine, edited by Serafeim Polyzos , 257) 7. Land use planning has traditionally been viewed as a technical exercise that strives to impose cartographic order on information coming from various disciplines so as to guide policy design. All too often the products. (Deforestation and Land Use in Amazon,Virglio M. Viana and Renata Freire,13) 8. The primary need for land use planning in the United States is to get back to basics: protecting the public health, safety, and welfare.(Land Use and Society (Revised Edition) Geography, Law and Public Policy, Rutherford H. Flatt, 427) 9. Land use planning is one of the most complex state activities and accordingly its evaluation poses great difficulties. (Planning in Britain, Andrew W. Gilg, 49) 10. Equally, ideas about the nature and role of land use planning have been evolving, and two relatively recent trends are of particular interest to the current discussion. First, is the increasing prominence of sustainable development since the early 1990s, and the recognition of planning as a key vehicle for its delivery. This innovation has been multifaceted, and not solely about relationships between the environment and socio-economy. Thus, planning has been seen more strongly as an instrument for spatial justice and for listening to the voices of all stakeholders whose quality of life may be affected by development decisions. It has further sought to regain the initiative on matters of design and place-making. (Planning at the Landscape Scale, Paul Selman, 1) 3. QISTHI KHURIL WAZNI_15411022 11. Land use planning is a key criterion of effective strategies to deal with climatechange challenges. (resilient cities and adaptation to climate change proceedings of the global forum 2,Konrad Otto- Zimmermann Editor,359) 12. Land use is primary factor in determining the distribution of tree canopy cover inurban environments (Nowak et al. 199, Planning and Socioeconomic applications, J.S. Wilson and G.H. Lindsey,36) 13.The traditional land use concerns of planning can be described as generally including the need to protect public health, to prevent unplanned (physical) development, to protect nature as a refuge

from modern life, to provide for the public interest, to manage the environment, and to find a fair balance between competing demands.(Sustainability, land use and enviroment legal analysis , mark stallworthly,100) 14. The same definitions of land use which describe the existing conditions are also used to describe the future (Land Use Scenarios Enviromental consequences of development, Allan W. Shearer,David A. Mouat,Scott D. Bassett,Michael W. Binford,Craig W. Johnson,Justin A.,Saarinen,Alan W. Gertler,Jlide Kahyaog,79) 15. land use is classified as belonging to one of three life phases initiating, mature, and declining which reflect the life cycle of aging with the assumption that as a land use ages, it becomes increasingly less able to act as a generator of new land uses. In fact, we assume that only initiating land uses spawn new uses while mature land uses simply exist in situ with declining uses moving to extinction where they disappear, the land they have previously occupied becoming vacant.(GeoDynamics, EDITED BY Peter M. Atkinson, Giles M. Foody, Stephen E. Darby, and Fulong Wu,276) 4. BEA REGINA MARCENDY_15411034 16. "Land use is for what purposes the surface of the country is used." (Hewitson Best, Robin. Land Use and Living Space, page 19) 17. "Land use refers to the human purposes that are associated with that cover." (B. Meyer, William and B.L. Turner, Changes in Land Use and Land Cover- A Global Perspective, page x) 18. "Land use planning is defined as planning for the allocation of activities to land areas in order to benefit humans." (Land Use Planning, page 2) 19. "Land use plan is a conception about the spatial arrangement of land uses, with a set of proposed to make that a reality." (Hok-lin Leung. Land Use Planning Made Plain. page 1) 20. "Land used planning is defined as the process of protecting and improving the living, production and recreation environments in a city through the proper use and development of land." (Hok-lin Leung. Land Use Planning Made Plain. Page 1) 5. WIDIASTUTI ARINI_15411014 21. *The purpose of land use planning is to secure consistency and continuity in the framing and execution of national policy with respect to the use and development of land.* ( Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning, page 4) 22. Land use planning in the context of development cooperation is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stakeholders aiming to define sustainable land uses in rural areas. (GTZ 1995: 5, Land Use Planning Concept,Tools and Applications, page 24 23. Land use planning is a systematic and iterative procedure carried out in order to create an enabling environment for sustainable development of land resources which meets peoples needs and demands. It assesses the physical, socio-economic, institutional and legal potentials and con- straints with respect to an optimal and sustainable use of land resources, and empowers people to make decisions about how to allocate those resources (FAO/UNEP 1999: 14). 24. the plan and built form of the town are direct reflections of the nature of culture on the large scale...the town epitomises in its physical nature the complex of political, economic, and social forces which characterised the period of its creation. (land and the city, 4) 25. Land use planning in the context of development cooperation is defined as an iterative process based on the dialogue among all stakeholders ( Land Use Planning. Concept, Tools and Applications, 45) 6. Rian Farhan Abdul Hadi 15411049

 26. Land use as the result of a market mechanism, in which individual households and firms compete for space, generating an equilibrium pattern of land rent. (Integrated Land Use and Transport Modeling,Cambridge Urban and Architectural Studies, page 60) 27. Land use in rural areas is characterized by a multifaceted interaction between ecological processes and socio-economic activities. (Multifunctional Rural Land management Economic and Polices,Floor Brourer and C. Martijn van der Heide, page 27 ) 28. Land Use/ Land Cover Outcomes is therefore positioned to the right of the figure inorder to convey the idea that deforestation, as well as other forms of land cover change, are the direct result. (Deforestation and Land Use in the Amazon Edited by Charles H. Wood and Roberto Porro,page 8) 29. These characteristics support such productive land uses as agriculture, forestry, mining, and outdoor recreation (not to mention ecological services on which all life depends but too often are not reflected in land valuation) (LAND USE AND SOCIETY,Geography, Law, and Public Policy.RUTHERFORDH PLATT, page 212) 30. Land uses are favored by convergency points (junctions where three or more habitats converge), adjacencies (different combinations of adjoining habitat types), and habitat interspersion (habitat types scattered rather than aggregated). (Urban Regions Ecology and Planning Beyond the City, Richard T.T. Forman. page 310) 7. QURRATA AINI_15411047 31. *Land use planning can be seen as a continuous process by which a vision of the future is translated in terms of an ever-changing reality. As new information becomes available, perceptions of resource use change, as does the reality on which planning is based.* *(Virglio M. Viana and Renata Freire, Deforestation and Land Use in The Amazon edit by Charles H. Wood and Roberto Porro, Page 350)* 32. *The distinguishing pattern of dispersed land uses is not a composition, but an isolation of different activities.* *(The City After the Automobile, MOSHE SAFDIE with Wendy Kohn, page 6)* 33. *Land use plans are prerequisite to participation in some of the programs, in particular the new sewage treatment infrastructure program, the sewer extension program, and the phosphorus offset pilot program.* *(Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources National Research Council NATIONAL CADEMY PRESS, Washington, D.C., page 12)* 34. *Each land use includes distinctive features, such as imperviousness and vegetative cover that directly affect wetland conditions.* *(Wetlands and Urbanization Implications for the Future, Richard R. Horner, Edited by Amanda L. Azous, page 20) 35. *Land use: Refers to the type of management; major categories of land use are annual crops, perennial crops, fallows, pastures, and herding on rangelands.* *(Sustainable Land Management Sourcebook, The World Bank, page 164) 8. MAYA SAFIRA_15411037 36. Land use is a system of management relevant to local condition in terms of the physical environment and social acceptability (2003 Rural_Planning_in_Developing_Countries, barry dalal-clayton, david dent & oliver dubiois, page 37) 37. Land use planning refers to process of determining equitable and efficient use of land trough proper allocation to ensure proper sitting of the building and other land uses including farming (magigi et al, 2009) (2012 UrbanDevelopment, serafeim polyzbs, page 257) 38. Land use is about selevting land uses and patterns of development are a result of analyzing the site-analysis information, understanding base-map illustrative layers, and visionary debate with design team. (2008 Fundamentals_of_Land_Development) 39. Land use planning has become centrally associated with new conceptions of spatiality, to the extent that spatial planning" (2006 Planning at the landscape scale)

40. Land use planning is definied as planning fo the allocation of activities to land areas in order to benefit humans. (Land use planning Volume 3 dari Practical applications of space systems: supporting paper, Panel on Land Use Planning, National Research Council. Space Applications Board, page2) 9. Muhammad Musyafa Syahbid_15411021 41. Land use is primary factor in determining the distribution of tree canopy cover in urban environments (Nowak et al. 1996). (Planning and Socioeconomic Applications Geotechnologies and the Environment, Hlman 36) 42. Land use within the watershed directly affects hydrologic patterns therefore we also monitored instantaneous and maximum water levels and calculated the average range of fluctuation to determine if these hydrologic descriptors affect the richness of amphibian communities. (Wetlands and Urbanization Implications for the Future, hlaman 146) 43. Land use and environmental limitations on road infrastructure expansion, although most of the road new construction is driven from replacement requirements to maintain an existing stock of road capital. (Infrastructure to 2030 Telecom Land Transport Water and Electricity, Hlmn 197) 44. Land use was assigned through analysis of housing densities and by overlaying existing land use maps. Data obtained from MCB Camp Pendleton30 and MCAS Miramar31 were used to identify Military Maneuver and Impact Areas. Commercial, industrial, transportation, and housing locations were identified by overlaying the urban lands identified in the land cover map with land use information from SANDAG32 and from the prior study of the region.33 (Land Use Scenarios Environmental Consequences of Development,Hlman 53) 45. Land-use planning is the key, and several economic tools are available to help in land-use decision making. ( Forests at the WildlandUrban Interface: Conservation and Management, 8) 10. Mareta Faryanti_15411028 46. land use planning,consisting of three key elements: first, an overall framework, usually a master plan, second,a set of planning and building standards and regulations and third, a development control system (Clarke, 1995:3).(Urban Development,5) 47. land use as the result of a market mechanism, in which individual households and firms compete for space, generating an equilibrium pattern of land rent. At the same time, equilibrium prices allow for the optimum allocation of land to households and firms, and these, in turn, maximise their utilities. (1995 Integrated Land Use and Transport Modelling Decision Chains and Hierarchies, 45) 48. land use was subordinate to the rules of the planned economy, leading to large-scale technocratic projects, a monofunctional simplification of the collectivised agricultural landscape, widespread erosion and salinisation of soils, and other environmental problems (Jongman, 2002). (2006 PLANNING_AT_THE_LANDSCAPE_SCALE , 105) 49. Land use planners and city managers play a key role in influencing patterns of exposure and vulnerability, as they substantially contribute to shape the relation between buildings, people and critical infrastructure location and areas potentially affected by particular hazards.(J.F. Esteban et al. 2011 Inside Risk A Strategy for Sustainable Risk Mitigation, 135) 50. Land use planning has gained attention in more recent years and has been increasingly included in discourses regarding risk conditions and risk avoidance. It has become evident how planning decisions may create, exacerbate or reduce risks as no other policy, because

they set the characteristics of the built environment for long periods of time, much longer than the life of each individual building or infrastructure that are part of a new or transformed settlement.(J.F. Esteban et al. 2011 Inside Risk A Strategy for Sustainable Risk Mitigation, 134) 11. Yunia Nursita Sari_15411020 51. "Land rights are social conventions that regulate the distribution of the benefits that accrue from specific uses of a certain piece of land." (Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, Klaus Deininger, page xxii) 52. "Land redistribution is an effort by government to modify the distribution of land ownership. It is often an attempt to transform an agrarian structure composed mainly of large-scale farms into one where family farms are predominant by taking land away from large landowners, or the state, and redistributing it to tenants and landless peasants. (Agricultural Land Redistribution Toward Greater Consensus, Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize, Camille Bourguignon, and Rogier van den Brink, page 4) 53. Land rent can be defined as a tenants payment to a landowner in a voluntary contractual relationship; may be paid as a fixed or share payment in cash or in kind.(Agricultural Land Redistribution Toward Greater Consensus, Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize, Camille Bourguignon, and Rogier van den Brink, page 47) 54. "Land policy is a wide set of activities whereby governments seek to influence the use, planning, ownership, price and benefits of land, especially within the process of development. (Land and the City, Philip Kivell, page 124) 55. "Land-use planning is an extremely complex subject, combining physical, social and economic aspects of land use with an assessment of potential future needs. (FAO, 1993) 12. Hafshah Najma Ashrawi_15411018 56. unique interdisciplinary perspective with an emphasis on application. It is an important new text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental planning, landscape architecture, geography, environmental studies, and natural resource management, and a valuable resource for professionals and others concerned with issues of environmental planning and land use (John Randolph, Enviromental land use planning and management) 57. land use planning theory has an overtly normative view of how land should be used, it also pursues the questions of what it ought to be . The essential justification for land use planning is the public interest. (Hok Lin Leung,Land Use Planning made Plain, halaman 4) 58. A land use plan is a conception about the spatial arrangement of land uses, with a set of proposed actions to make that a reality. Land use planning is therefore, the process of identifying and analysing problems, defining goals, and refining objectives, and developing and evaluating the options available to a community in pursuit of these goals and ovjectives.(Hok Lin Leung, Land Use Planning made Plain,halaman 1) 59. Land use is the total arrangements, activites, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type (FAO,1997) 60. Land use deals essentially with the spatial aspects of all mans activities on land and the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs.(Robin Hewitson Best, Land Use and Living Space, halaman 20)

13. Fany Nur A W-15411005 61. Urban planning. It is concerned with the control of housing and land uses mainly because of urban population growth or urban sprawl, as well as the design of urban environment including infrastructures, like transportation networks, and it aims at ensuring sustainable urban development. Urban planning can also include urban regeneration, i.e. the physical and functional recovery, by implementing urban planning methods to mainly existing metropolitan areas suffering from decline. (HAL 107 Urban Development Edited by Serafeim Polyzos) 62. Integrating transport infrastructure and land use planning is a field that needs important transitions. The two fields are rather unconnected, both in the realities of the professional routines, and in academic research. Transport planning is strongly model oriented, whereas land use planning is mainly a creative activity. A challenge is how to reinforce the link between the two domains in such a way that policies in one field can reinforce developments in the other. This theme is a nice example of the broadening of the scope of transport policy and research.(HAL 7 Transitions Towards Sustainable Mobility, Jo van Nunen, Paul Huijbregts, and Piet Rietveld) 63. Land use patterns and outcomes of other planning decisions at the city or neighborhood level, and conditions of the built environment within communities, can affect mortality risk indirectly by altering (1) the likelihood of engaging in various individual behaviors relevant to health and mortality, (2) exposure to stress, (3) individual social relationships, (4) community social capital, (5) exposure to toxins, and (6) exposure to accidents. (HAL 443 Richard G. Rogers Eileen M. Crimmins Editors International Handbook of Adult Mortality) 64. Land use planning is needed for two compelling reasons. First, to resolve conflicts over land use, and second to allow the public to have a say in those conflicts. There is much agreement that the main aim of planning should be to balance the competing demands of society, the economy and the environment. ( HAL 68 PLANNING IN BRITAIN Understanding and Evaluating the Post-war System Andrew W. Gilg) 65. Land use is one of the most crucial drivers of biodiversity change and lies at the interface between social and ecological processes. (HAL 311 Christopher Pettit William Cartwright Ian Bishop Kim Lowell David Pullar David Duncan (Eds.) Landscape Analysis and Visualisation) 14. RAISA ZUHRIA SAVITRI_15411041 66.open space (National Wildlife Federations): Open space is undeveloped sitesthat dont meet the criteria for natural areas because of human disturbance, but still providehabitat, scenery and other benefits. Open spaces can include areas such as farmland, recreational areas and utility corridors. (Metro Grenn Connecting Open Space in North American Cities-DONNA ERICKSON-page 9) 67. A multiple intensive land use development in Hong Kong is formed by an intensificationof land use through mixing residential and other uses at higher densitiesat selected urban locations, together with an efficient transport and pedestrian network(Lau & Coorey, 2007; Lau, Ghiridharan, & Ganesan, 2003). 68. Rural planning comprises three crucial elements (PlanAfric, 2000):1 the content the strategies and policies that underlie what rural planningseeks to achieve;2 the institutional framework within which rural planning operates, especially theagencies and people involved and how they interact;3 the approach often seen in terms of the polarities of a top-down, blueprintapproach or a bottom- up approach. (Rural Planning in Developing Countries-Barry Dalal-Clayton,David Dentand Olivier Dubois-page 7) 69. Urban form refers to the amalgamation of individual elements of thetowns and cities in which we live, work, play, and travel: the schools,houses, parking lots, shopping malls, gas stations, post

offices, housesof worship, streets, parks, and stadiums, with which we are all familiar.(Urban Sprawland Public Health-HOWARD FRUMKINLAWRENCE FRANKRICHARD JACKSON-page 3) 70. About three-quarters of the total U.S. land area, including federal lands, is devotedto three primary categories of rural land usage: (1) cropland, (2) grazing land(including pasture and range), and (3) forestland. (LAND USE AND SOCIETYGeography, Law, and Public Policy-Rutherford H. Platt- page 3) 15. Karina Chandra 15411045 71. conservation area: areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance: a definition which remains unchanged today. (Urban Planning and the British New Right--Philip Allmendinger and Huw Thomas) 72. The most commonly cited definition of sustainable development is Brundtlands: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Strategic Environmental Assessment and Landuse Planning-page 21) 73. Urbanization The conversion of land from a natural state or managed natural state(such as agriculture) to cities; a process driven by net rural-to-urban migrationthrough which an increasing percentage of the population in any nation or regioncome to live in settlements that are defined as urban centres. (Resilient Cities: Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change, page 568) 74. Rural Urban Fringe that zone of transition which begins with the edge of the fully built up urban area and becomes progressively more rural whilst still remaining a clear mix of urban and rural land uses and influences before giving way to the wider countryside (Planning on the Edge, pg 5) 75. land used by activities is defined as aggregate units of space or zones, containing a certain number of activitieswithin them. These aggregates interact, generating flows of differentkinds, which can be of a concrete nature - such as trips, migrations,movements of commodities, etc - or of a more abstract nature, such asdependencies, diffusions, opportunities, etc. Each zone is described interms of a number of attributes. The zones are linked to each other bymeans of infrastructures or networks, depending on the nature of theflows. (Integrated Land Use and Transport Modelling, pg 64) 16. M. Fauzi 15411031 76. Greyfields Into Goldfields, a publication by the Congress for the New Urbanism, features twelve case studies of successful redevelopment projects that converted dead malls into living neighborhoods (Sobel et al., 2002). Greyfields are previously developed sites that have minor and relatively easily mitigated environmental contamination. These sites include strip malls, regional malls, and other low-density shopping malls, typically with one-story, flat-roofed buildings surrounded by large surface parking lots. With thousands of architecturally bland, vehicle-centric malls in the United States especially, these sites present a tremendous opportunity to significantly improve the built environment through infill and redevelopment. (Site Analysis A Contextual Approach to Sustainable Land Planning and Site Design, James A. LaGro Jr., page 44) 77. Wetland hydrology is often described in terms of its hydroperiod, the pattern of fluctuating water levels resulting from the balance between inflows and outflows of water, landscape topography and subsurface soil, geology, and groundwater conditions. (Wetlands and Urbanization Implications for the Future, Amanda L. Azous & Richard R. Horner, page 222) 78. "Land Reform is The redistribution of land held by a few for the benefit of the many; the reshaping of property rights, land policy, and property taxation strategies to ensure social equity, community security, and environmental sustainability." (Encyclopedia of Rural America The Land and People,Gary A. Goreham Department of Sociology/Anthropology North Dakota State University, Fargo, page 397)

79."By definition, exurban development does not occur in isolation fromother environments. Indeed, in many if not most situations, exurban is a categorizationfor a range of development types that occur somewhere between wildor rural lands and cities. Urban environments and the habitats found in cities andsuburbs play important roles in the ecological health and biodiversity of adjacentand nearby exurban lands." (The Planners Guide to Natural Resource Conservation, Adrian X. Esparza Guy McPherson, page117) 80. "the move to land taxation did play arole. By increasing land taxes, which are neutral in terms of developmentdecisions, the city was able to increase its revenues without increasing othertaxes that could have had a distortionary impact on development decisions." (International Handbook Of Land And Property Taxation, Richard M. Bird & Enid Slack, page 24) 17. Hana Afifah Amini (15411025) 81. Land use in thecoastal area would be strongly affected by climate change and the accompanyingsea-level rise, because the area is the most densely populated in the world, providesimportant habitats for ecosystems, and has large amounts of social capitals. (Selim Kapur Hari Eswaran W. E. H. Blum, Sustainable LandManagementLearning from the Past for the Future, page 312) 82. Land use pressures and economic and social changes will posechallenges to water supply and sanitation systems. The provision of serviceshas prompted massive population transfers to more arid areas and at thesame time contributed to increasing per capita rates of consumption, puttingfurther pressure on water resources. (ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Infrastructure to 2030TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT,WATER AND ELECTRICITY page 347) 83. Land-useplanning - the conservation of agriculture or open green spacemd zoning for new develapment - has been generated dmostentirely at the local level. (MOSHE SAFDIE with Wendy Kohn, T h e C i t yA f t e r t h e A u t o m o b i l e, page 125). 84. A discussion of each land use/land cover outcome illustrates the social and biophysical drivers that leadto deforestation and environmental change. (Charles H. Wood and Roberto Porro. Deforestation andLand Use in the Amazon page 8) 85. Cropland is the most sensitive and valuable of the nations rural land resources. (Rutherford H. Platt, LAND USE AND SOCIETY page 10) 18. ELYFIRMA DUMA_15411003 86. *Benton MacKaye, an early regionalist who was a practicalplanner, defined a region as, a rounded unit of development thatcorresponds with some natural scheme of flowage of water,commodity or population.* *(Unplanning Livable Cities and Political Choises, Charles Siegel, 47)* 87. *The expansion of extensive and wide ranging land use forms such as ecologi-cal farming, biomass production on grassland, sensitive wetland exploitation andpasture grazing with livestock and game can deliver important contributions to bio-diversity.* *(Global Change and Baltic Coastal Zones, Gerald S., Jacobus H., Thomas N., 168)* 88. In the report of WCED (1987), the concept of sustainable development has come to be associated with efforts to increase the quality of life without endangering the natural resource base of the society. In another official report, the Strategy for the UK, A Better Quality of Life published by the UK Government in 1999, sustainability was defined as the simple idea of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come* *(Urban Development, edited by Serafeim Polyzis,182)* 89.* The Atlantacommission further observes, Land use is an important determinant of howpeople choose to travel. No other variable impacts Mobility 2030 to a greaterextent.* *(The Road More Traveled, Ted Balaker and Sam Staley, 95)

90.*In physical geography, landscape is defined as a spatial and material sys-tem consisting of rocks, physical relief, water, vegetation, and atmosphere.* *(Solonand Richling, The European Landscape Convention, edited by Michael Jones and Marie Stenseke,90).* 19. KARLA RESSITA_15411002 91. Sustainable land management is a knowledge-based procedure that helps integrate land, water, biodiversity, and environmental management (including input and output externalities) to meet rising food and fiber demands while sustaining ecosystem services and livelihoods. SLM is necessary to meet the requirements of a growing population. Improper land management can lead to land degradation and a significant reduction in the productive and service functions (World Bank 2006, Suistainable Land Management, 20) 92. Agricultural intensification is a key and desirable way toincrease the productivity of existing land and waterresources in the production of food and cash crops, livestock,forestry, and aquaculture. Generally associated withincreased use of external inputs, intensification is nowdefined as the more efficient use of production inputs.Increased productivity comes from the use of improvedvarieties and breeds, more efficient use of labor, and betterfarm management (Dixon and Gulliver with Gibbon 2001,Suistainable Land Management, 32). 93. The land use planning system, and the decision makers within it, play a key in national life. the determine where and in what form development can occur, protect key environmental assets, and establish the location of essential infrastructure. (CBI, Land development and design, 28) 94. Land banks are well-named- for a housebuilder, they are better than money, and many make more profit from the rising profit on plots than building on them. (Collins, Land development and design. (Babcock and feure, sustainability land use and the environment, 73) 95. This rationale leads today to those argumentswhich extol the commodification of real, just as of personal, property. Thus it hasbeen contended that a land use policy which is socially equitable andenvironmentally sensitive is not resolved simply by labelling as a resource ratherthan a commodity. Insteadland transactions and land use shouldbescrutinized in a manner not unlike the treatment extended to a multitude of othercommodities no more affected with a public interest than is land.34 20. Reksy Indra Rakasiwie_15411032 96. All the early city planners believed in single-function land-use planning, but today we can see that this functional land use planning is a major cause of our transportation problems. (Charles Siegel,2010 Unplanning__Livable_Cities_and_Political_Choices,41) 97. Development and land-use planning: Land management and development controls can reduce flood hazard (i.e., the frequency and intensity of flooding), for example by avoiding the removal of vegetation; and flood exposure, for example by managing new developments out of high-hazard areas (NATO,Igor Linkov,Todd S. Bridges, 2011 Climate__Global_Change_and_Local_Adaptation,108) 98. Land use planning helps to integrate environmentally sustainable development concepts by promoting mixed land use and public transport (and non-motorized vehicles) and compact city development (Tai-Chee Wong Belinda Yuen, 2011 Eco_city_Planning__Policies__Practice_and_Design,210) 99. Land-use planning - the conservation of agriculture or open green space and zoning for new development (Moshe Safdie, 1997 The_City_After_The_Automobile__An_Architect__039_s_Vision, 112) 100. Land use planning is also integral to watershed management. Nonstructural practices such as zoning and public education are sometimes the most effective and least expensive ways to prevent future pollution in water supply watersheds. Their success relies heavily on adequate public participation and effective implementation through enforcement of plan provisions.

(The National Academies, 2000 Watershed_Management_for_Potable_Water_Supply__Assessing_the_New_York_City_Strategy, 509) 21. Sacha Mauludianita Octafira_15411044 101. Land-use planners need to understand that water management is as critical as transportation issues in the urban environment (Robert France, Handbook of Water Sensitive Planning and Design, Robert L.France, page 2) 102. Land use is one of the most important aspects of rural change (GTAP Model,Multifunctional Rural Land Management, Economics, and Policies, Floor Brouwer & C. Martijn van der Heide, page 131) 103.Example of land-use change include both the introduction and the elimination of domestic grazing animals, changes in tiled agriculture, planting of exotics, thinning of trees and understory vegetation, removal of deadfall, and modification of natural fireregimes (Hansen et. Al 2005; Theobald and Romme 2007, The Planners Guide to Natural Resources Conservation, Adrian X. Esparza & Guy McPherson, page 61) 104.By definition, gateway communities posses relatively little private land. That means they often cast a wary eye at proposals that seek to expand public lands on their border. (Balancing Nature and Commerce in Gateway Communities, Jim Howe, Ed McMahon, and Luther Popst, page 105) 105.Rural is now defined as the sparsely populated areas in which people farm or depend on natural resources, including villages and small towns that are dispersed through these areas. However, many households fall into both urban and rural categories as they derive their incomes from a range of sources, including migrant labour to towns. (Khanya-mrc, 2000, Rural Planning in Development Countries, Barry Dalal-Clayton, David Dent, & Olivier Dubois, page 8) 22. NAJMI HIDAYAH PUTRI_15411017 106. Land-use plans often need to be adjusted to permit physical measures to be carried out. (Improving Institutions for Green Landscapes in Metropolitan Areas, Evelien Van Rij, page 39). 107. Urban land use planning can help to reduce uncontrolled sprawl and to slow the resulting degradation of air,water, land, biodiversity, and other natural resources. (Living in the Environment Principles Connections and Solutions, G. Tyler Miller dan Scott Spoolman, page 614). 108. One way to reduce losses from natural disasters is to find out where disasters are likely to occur and restrict development there, using land-use planning. (Natural Hazards and Disasters 3rd Edition, Donald Hyndman dan David Hyndman, page 8). 109. Land-use planning now has a spatial approach to account for other policy concerns in education and health. (Sport Policy and Governance Local perspectives, Dr. Neil King, page 210). 110. Developing a land use and management plan that integrates climate change requires both an acknowledgement of how important the information is and a realization of its lack of precision at the scale of most planning. (The Planners Guide to Natural Resource Conservation, Adrian X. Esparza dan Guy McPherson, page 61). 23. RADEN SASQIA WINDA HAINIDAR_15411030 111. Classes of Land Use: About three-quarters of the total U.S. land area, including federal lands, is devotedto three primary categories of rural land usage: (1) cropland, (2) grazing land(including pasture and range), and (3) forestland. Each of these categories representsa productive and

economically beneficial class of land resource, although themore remote forests and more arid grazing lands may seldom be exploited and areleft relatively untouched by human activities. (Rutherford H.Plat, Land_Use_and_Societ__Revised Edition__Geography__Law__and_Public_Policy, page 10) 112. This first section is devoted to the fundamental features underlying land useplanning regulation. Town and country planning laws constitute that body of ruleswhich regulate the right to develop land, including changes in its use. The meansby which this objective is fulfilled are essentially twofold. (Mark Stallworthy, Sustainability_Land_Use_and_the_ Environment, page 97) 113.One of the most pressing issues of land useplanning concerns the question of where and howto place more people on the land (Robert L. France, Land_Use_Scenarios__ Environmental_Consequences_of_Development, page xiii) 114.Micro-economic theories of land use look at the process of activitylocation and rent from the point of view of the individual resident orfirm. Activities will compete for the consumption of land, and onceequilibrium has been reached, they will have chosen a site of a particularsize, such that the cost of land and transport they have to payoptimises their utility. (Tomas de La Barra, Integrated_Land_Use_and_Transport_Modelling__Decision_Chains_and_ Hierarchies, page 35) 115.Each land use/land cover outcome is associated with different kinds ofeconomic activity, and therefore with different social groups.( Charles H. Wood, Deforestation_and_Land_ Use_in_the_Amazon, page 8) 24. ARNI NURUL FADILLAH_15411010 116. From a land use perspective , a tax based on value in highest and best use is more efficient than a tax based on current use because it stimulates use to its highest potential by increasing the cost of holding unused or under used land (as compared to developed land ) ( Richard M.Bird and Enid Slack. International Handbook ol Land and Property Taxation. page 29 ) 117. land use planners need to understand that water managemant is a critical as a transportation issues in the urban enviroment ( Robert L. France. Handbook of Water Sensitive Planning and Design. page 2 ) 118. Land use was assigned through analysis of housing densities and by overlaying existing land use maps. ( Land Use Scenario, Enviromental Consequences of Development. Page 53 ) 119. The land use is pastoralo local settled Bedouins that use the forest for foranging and firewood, and by visitors from outside the region , for recreation. ( Sustainable Land management, Learning from the Past for the Future. Page 61 ) 120. Transfer of land use rights through rental market can go a long way toward improving productivity and welfare in rural economies ( A World Bank Policy Research Report. Land Policies for growth and Poverty Reduction. page 33 ) 25. ALFI CENA SILVIA FUZNA_15411042 121.mixture of highly developed residential and industrial land uses interspersed among expanses of landfills, marsh grass fields, tidal wetlands creeks, mudflats, and rivers.(2008 WETLAND AND WATER RESOURCE MODELING AND ASSESSMENT A WATERSHED PERSPECTIVE. By Robert L. France.PAGE 22 122.land use practices in many developing countries are resulting in land, water, and forest degradation, with significant repercussions for the countries agriculture sectors, natural resource bases, and ecoenvironmental balances.(2006 Sustainable Land Management Challenges Opportunities and Trand Off.page43)

123.It is widely accepted that the general rule of transportation and land use planning of sustainable development is to reduce travel demands and travel distance, advocate walks, cycling, public transit and restrict cars (The Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ).(2011 Transport Moving to Climate Intelligence.werner rothengatter dkk.page 137) 124.land-use change over time on the distribution and abundance of organisms within a city.(2009 Ecology of Cities and Towns A comparative Approach. Oleh mark j.mcdonnell.page 2) 125.the potential of land use and management change to influence greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere as well as the importance of terrestrial ecosystem management in addressing the prob/lem of global climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007)..(2009 The Planners Guide to Nature Resource Conservation.page 59). 26. TAUFIK HIDAYAT_15411009 126. Micro-economic theories of land use look at the process of activity location and rent from the point of view of the individual resident or firm. Activities will compete for the consumption of land, and once equilibrium has been reached, they will have chosen a site of a particular size, such that the cost of land and transport they have to pay optimises their utility. Competition will also determine the price of land in each location and the price of ommodities at the market-place. (Von Thtinen, intergrated land use and transport modeling, Tomas De La Barra, 35) 127. Traditionally, planners had had formal training in law, landscape architecture, or engineering. Often, their interest in planning had been inspired by the grand designs of the City Beautiful or the soaring visions of the Garden City movement, and so they were inclined to agree with Clevelands John T. Howard that planning was concerned with a good or bad pattern of land uses and population densities knitted into better or worse workability by systems of streets, utilities and public service facilities.2 Planning, in short, was both civic art and the science of reordering the physical environment. (Kenneth Kolson, Big Plans : The Allure and Folly of Urban Design, Kenneth Kolson, 108) 128. Land use traditionally has been, and remains, primarily a local responsibility. What one is allowed to do with ones private property is determined by local laws and regulations, established and enforced by local government. Architects, landscape architects, and planners, three of the professionals discussed here, generally work on one project at a time, and it is the local jurisdiction that controls their work there. (Odom Fanning, Environmental Careers, Odom Fanning, 153) 129. The term landscape has multiple associations. Even within planning and design circles, it variously refers to aesthetic conceptions of sublime or polite scenery, ornamented urban environments, tracts of visually coherent land cover and land use, and areas associated with characteristic stories and customary laws. (Paul shelman, Planning at the landscape scale, Paul Shelman, 5) 130. In newer North American cities, the patterns of development, land-use, and land coverage were aU determined by the requirements and presumptions of car-dominated transportation from the beginning of their major growth (Moshe Safdie, The City After The Automobile, Moshe Safdie, 18) 27. VAULLI NURRAHMA_15411033 131.Land use planning is actually the on-going process of organizing the use of the land to meet peoples needs while respecting the capabilities of the land (Land Use Controls and Property Rigths: A Guide for Real Estate Professionals oleh John P.Lewis)

132.Land use planning is the process of evaluating land and alternative patterns of land use and other physical, social ,and economic conditions for the purpose of selecting and an adopting the kinds of land use and courses of action best calculated to achieve specified objectives (The Role of Legislation in Land Use Planning for Developing ..., Masalah 31 oleh Gregory K. Wilkinson,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,page 8) 133.A land use plan is a conception about the spatial arrangement of land uses, with a set of proposed actions to make that a reality (Land Use Planning Made Plain oleh Hok Lin Leung, page 1) 134.Land use is the use which is made by man of the surface of the land but in sparsely populated areas including the natural or semi-natural vegetation (Hewitson Best, Robert. Land Use and Living Space, page 19) 135.Land use planning is defined as planning for the allocation of activities to land areas in order to benefit humans. (Panel on Land Use Planning, National Research Council. Space Application Board, page 2) 28. YASMINA WULANDARI_1541140 136. Such planning should fully consider the conditions of resources and the prospects for development, and at the same time should make overall arrangements and implement them by stages. (F. Y. Cheng and Y. Y. Wang, Post_Earthquake_and_Reconstruction, page 25) 137. Therefore, rational decision-making is the key to accelerate the reconstruction process and to improve the pattern of human settlement. (F. Y. Cheng and Y. Y. Wang, Post_Earthquake_and_Reconstruction, page 90) 138. "You can't tell mewhat to do with my land. " The " you" here might be a neighbor, thecommunity, or the government. The government's power to regulateland use was limiteJ under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments tothe Constitution. The Fifth states that private property cannot be takenfor public use without due process of law and just comPensation-theright to public hearings and payment at market value-and the Fourte.nth ,.it"r.tes the due processc lause.A ll subsequent land-use law in America has hinged on whether it might deprive somebody of theeconomic value of their land. (James Howard Kuntsler, The_Geography_of_Nowhere, page 26) 139. The first principle of the framework (FAO, 1976) is that evaluation is for aspecified land use type a system of management relevant to local conditions interms of the physical environment and social acceptability so the first step isto identify and define promising land use types and establish their landrequirements. For land use planning, there is also a need to know requirementsfor labour, capital and infrastructure so the definition of land use typesbecomes a substantial, interdisciplinary task. (Barry Dalal-Clayton, David Lent and Oliver Duboi, Rural_Planning_in_Developing_Countries, page 39) 140. Planning is not a politically neutral, technical activity. It is nowincreasingly recognized that successful implementation of developmentplans depends upon common ownership of the problems andthe proposed solutions by the people who will be affected. Thiscommon ownership may arise from consensus about the goals andthe necessary actions, or from a negotiated compromise betweengroups with different goals and insights. (Anil Agarwal, Edward Barbier, and friends, Evidence_for_Hope__The_Search_for_Sustainable_Development, page 196) 29. DIO RIZKI DHARMAWAN_15411029 141. formal process regulating the use of land and developmento the built environtment, in order to achieve strategic policy objectives. in this strict sense, planning is a "particular form of public policy intervention in the arena of private decisions with regard to use of land, governed by particular legislation (Braley et al. 1995, 38)

142. anticipating, preparing for regulating and promoting changes in the use of land and buildings(Nicole Gurran, australian urban land use planning, 16) 143.methodology for identifying appropriate future action to occue within defined environtment including the use of various aspects or resources contained within it (Nicole Gurran, australian urban land use planning, 16) 144. a understanding of spatial pallnung as form of urban governance justified by the " ideal social justice" and directed to the " challenge of ecological sustainability" (gleeson and Low 2001, 2) 145.help to establish the conditions needed to protect and crate attactive and efficient urban environment. by establishing a legal process to manage land use change and development, urban planning can ensure the provision and maintenance of public goods that might otherwise be underprovided by the free market, such as open space or community infrastructure (Australian Urban Land Use Planning: Principles, Systems and Practice, 7) 30. MUHAMMAD IHSAN_15411015 146. "The land use plans were prepared mainly in provincial offices and headquarters with no involvement of the beneficiaries." (Barry Dalal-Clayton, Evidence for Hope The Search for Sustainable Development, Nigel Cross, page 194) 147. "in China the auctioning off of use (now ownership) rights to peri-urban land has not only opened up a source of considerable revenue for local governments, but has also significantly improved urban land use." (Dowall 1993, Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, Klaus Deininger, page 173) 148. "Land use is an important determinant of how people choose to travel. No other variable impacts Mobility 2030 to a greater extent. The Regional Development Plan policies help shape future growth and protect existing stable areas by encouraging appropriate land use, transportation, and environmental decisions." (The Atlanta commission, The Road More Traveled, Ted Balaker and Sam Staley, page 94-95) 149. "Planning involves weighing land use opportunities against the problems involved, generation of a range of land use options, and making choices between these options."(Barry Dalal-Clayton, David Dent and Olivier Dubois, Rural Planning in Developing Countries, Barry Dalal-Clayton, David Dent and Olivier Duboiss, page 44) 150."The histories of the rise and fall of empires show remarkable parallels with the histories of land use practices, in particular of overexploitation and mismanagement." (McNeil and McNeil, Multifunctional Rural Land Management, Nigel Cross, Floor Brouwer and C. Martijn van der Heide page 23) 31. CIPTA ALTHAF RONAZA_15411007 151. Rural reserve, open space not yet protected from development but which should be, such as areas identified for public acquistion and transfer of development rights (TDR) sending areas, floodplains, steep slopes, and aquifer-recharge areas. (Philip R. Berke, David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel A. Rodriguez, urban land use plannig page 211) 152. Rural preserve, open space legally protected from development in perpetuity, such as surface water bodies, wetlands, protected habitats, public open space, or conversation easements.(Philip R. Berke, David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel A. Rodriguez, urban land use plannig page 211)

153. Land use values ; social use values express the weight that people give to various arrangements of land use as settings for living their lives, market values express the weight the weight that people give to land as a commodity, ecological values express the weight that people give to the natural systems on the land. (David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel, F. Stuart Chapin Jr. , page 42) 154. A communitywide land use design plan includes more specific arrangement of land use patterns that primarily focus on human use values (e.g, commercial and employment areas, mixed-use areas, major activity centers, urban open-space systems) (Philip R. Berke, David R. Godschalk, Edward J. Kaiser, Daniel A. Rodriguez, urban land use plannig page 25) 155. There is no one ideal classification of land use and land cover, and it is unlikely that one could ever be developed. (James R. Anderson, Ernest E. Hardy, John T. Roach, and Richard E. Witmer, A land use and land cover classification system for use with sensor remote data page 4) 32. ROBY PURNAWAN_15411027 156. "The term landscape has multiple associations. Even within planning and design circles, it variously refers to aesthetic conceptions of sublime or polite scenery, ornamented urban environments, tracts of visually coherent land cover and land use, and areas associated with characteristic stories and customary laws." (PLANNING AT THE LANDSCAPE SCALE, Paul Selman, pg 5) 157. "urrent land use is the starting point in the simulation of future land use. Various geo-datasets are used to construct a map of current land use in the base year of the simulation. Current land use is an important ingredient in the specification of both total regional demand for land and local suitability." (Land-Use Modelling in Planning Practice Eric Koomen Judith Borsboom-van Beurden pg 10) 158. innovation is understood as the development of systems that are new in the context of planning, utilizing creativity that can be based on adapted local conditions principles and methods ( URBAN DEVELOPMENT, Serafeim Polyzos pg 9) 159. "spatial planning an emerging topic that has grown in influence over the last two decades, along with an evident and clear evolution in its meaning. Today the term does not only allude to the large scale, to mid-to-long-term temporal horizons and to strategic goals, although this has probably been its most common empirical framework (Healey, Khakee, & Needham, 1997; Healey, Hull, Davoudi, & Vigar, 2000; Albrechts, Alden, & da Rosa Pires, 2001; Faludi & Waterhout, 2002; Salet, Thornley, & Kreukels, 2003; Tewdwr-Jones & Allmendinger, 2006). It may also be understood as an increasingly up-to-date, evolutionary form of physical planning that can no longer be conceived according to traditional approaches now that urban form is increasingly heterogeneous, widespread or scattered on a large scale and in discontinuous forms that are largely independent from public regulation and control (Gehl, 1987; Boeri, Lanzani, & Marini, 1993; Scott & Soja, 1996; Gehl & Gemzoe, 2003; Font, 2004; European Environment Agency, 2006; Ingersoll, 2006). (Spatial Planning and Urban Development Critical Perspectives, Pier Carlo Palermo Davide Ponzini) 160. "The Town and Country Planning Association-The main pressure group. It grew from the New Towns movement in the 1920s and is still dominated by discussions about creating new settlements. It is also an advocate of more house building at lower densities.

(PLANNING IN BRITAIN Understanding and Evaluating the Post-war Syste, Andrew W. Gilg PG 7) 33. Sasthi Nandani_15411023 161. Urban Regeneration : renewing and revitalising the built environment in town and city and must also address issues involving economic and social well-being of the community and should take account of cultural background. (Land, Development, and Design, Paul Simms, Page 3) 162. Developed Land :land which is occupied by a permanent structure (excluding agricultural or forestry building) and associated fixed surface infrastructure (Land, Development, and Design, Paul Simms, Page 24) 163. Infrastructures: provider of the foundations for virtually all modern-day economic activity, constitute a major economic sector in their own right, and contribute importantly to raising living standards and the quality of life.(Infrastructure to 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT,WATER AND ELECTRICITY, Barrie Stevens, Pierre-Alain Schieb and Michel Andrieu, Page 14) 164.Land Development : The conversion of land from one use to another(Land Development Handbook, Sidney O. Dewberry, P.E., L.S. / Dennis Couture, A.S.L.A, R.L.A., Page 3) 165.Site Analysis : conducted following the establishmentof the proposed development program and parametersthat allow for realistic assessment of the property.(Land Development Handbook, Sidney O. Dewberry, P.E., L.S. / Dennis Couture, A.S.L.A, R.L.A., Page 20) 34. CHALISHA DWIRIASTYA_15411036 166.Sanitary reform encouraged planning because it required the careful inventory of land uses, as well as coordinated urban development.While planning in these years was mechanistic, sanitary reform opened the door to the planning profession (Peterson 1983a). (Adrian X. Esparza, 2009, The Planners Guide to Natural Resource Conservation, Page 9) 167.With image processing and geographic information systems (GIS), a comprehensive land use/land cover map was created using the Landsat ETM satellite image as the major component for identifying vegetative cover. (David A. Mouat, 2009, Land Use Scenarios Environmental Consequences of Development, Page 51) 168.At the development planning stage, it offers a strategic basis for considering land use problems in a wider context, with the development control process performing a more specified preventative role.(Mark Stallworthy, 2002, Sustainability Land Use and the Environment, Page 216) 169.At the heart of the model is the simple assumption that the land use decisions made by firms and households in the countryside can be seen as the net result of a complex interplay of a large number of variables that operate both directly and indirectly at variouslevels within the social and natural system. (Charles H. Wood, 2002, Deforestation and Land Use in the Amazon, Page 7-8) 170.Urban land use planning can no longer afford to be merely anthropogenic (human-centred). Instead, it has to also consider environmental issues including the interdependency of human and non-human species and the rights and intrinsic values of non-human species in our pursuit for a

sustainable ecosystem. It has to be ecological.(Tai-Chee Wong and Belinda Yuen, 2011, Eco city Planning Policies Practice and Design, Page 2) 35. NADIYYA ZAHRATUL JANNAH (15411013) 171. Land-use : denotes how humans use the biophysical or ecological properties of land. Land-uses include the modification and/or management of land for agriculture, settlements, forestry and other uses including those that exclude humans from land, as in the designation of nature reserves for conservation. It is often impossible to observe land-use by examining only land-cover by remote sensing as illustrated in the figure. For example, the land-cover type of trees might indicate a land- use type of plantation or a land-use type of conservation. (Encyclopedia of Earth : 2010) 172. Land use :The management of land to meet human needs. This includes rural land use and also urban andindustrial use.(Guidelines for land-use planning, Page 88,FAO:1993) 173.Land Use Plan :A coherent set of decisions about the use of land and ways to achieve the desired use. A land-use plan includes: a definition of goals; an ordering of land and human and material resources; an explicitstatement of the methods, organization, responsibilities and schedule to be used; and agreed targets.(Guidelines for land-use planning, Page 88,FAO:1993) 174. Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use andeconomic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Its purpose is toselect and put into practice those land uses that will best meet the needs of the people while safeguardingresources for the future (Guidelines for land-use planning, Page 88,FAO:1993) 175.Land cover : the observed physical and biological cover of the earth's land, as vegetation or man-made features.(FAO, 1997a; FAO/UNEP, 1999) 36. ASTI LARASATI_15411008 176. Leidsche Rijn is based on the compact city concept. That city model assumes that keeping distances within urban region short will result in enviromental benefits through reduced travel (time) and more effective land use Urban Development, Serafeim Polyzos, page 29 177. Land use law necessarily must reflect the geography of the land in question, its physical site characteristics, and its location with reference to the larger land use context, again its site and situation. Land Use and Society Revised Edition Geography Law and Public Policy, Rutherford H. Platt, page 31 178. An essential element of the character of a community is that it is defined by place, and there is a legitimate community interest in the control of land use. Sustainability, Land Use and the Environment, Mark Stallworthy, page 105 179. Large scale developments are not defined by area, or number of housing units but defined as property comprehensively planned with various land uses tied together with a vision of including living and working components into the plan. Fundamentals of Land Development: A Real-World Guide to Profitable Large-Scale Development. David E. Johnson, page xvi 180. Key to land use planning is establishing land use control, without which there can be no planning. Hence, while planning can be participatory as outlined above,this has to be based on realistic, pragmatic and popularly acceptable land use control mechanisms. Planning and Housing in the Rapidly Urbanising World, Paul Jenkins, Harry Smith Ya Ping Wang, page 226

37. Nizar Istighfarli Ramadhan_15411026 181. urban greenery provision is often reduced under pressure from other land use development. Research claims that compact city suffers from a perceived lack of greenery, open spaces and parks which provision is seen to be better in low-density environment. Masnavi, 2000, High Rise Living In Asian Cities page 26. 182. At the macro level, public housing new town with its mixed land use, cradle to grave facilities and high density is designed to minimise the need for travel. High Rise Living In Asian Cities page 75, Belinda Yuen Anthony G.O. Yeh. 183. Compactness of land use patterns will bring benefits to energy distribution and transport system design, but crowded conditions may create congestion and undesirable localmicroclimate. Hui, 2000, High Rise Living In Asian Cities page 26. 184. Reduction in travel time due to intensification of mixed land uses contributes to efficiency and economic viability of the city. Wu, 2005, High Rise Living In Asian Cities page 29. 185. The state-of-the-art in transportation and land-use modelling is defined by current research efforts aimed at building comprehensive microsimulation systems of urban areas, with representation at the level of individual agents (persons, households, firms, etc.) and simulations of the behaviour of the entire population of interest. Franscesca Pagliara, John Preston, and David Simmonds, 2010, Residental Location Choice page 16. 38. DHIMAS BAYU ANINDITO_15411048 186. Land use planning and regulation will be utilized to conserve ecosystem and thus the species that depend on them. Significantly, the act applies to privately owned land as well as public landa source of much controversy. (Platt, Rutherford H., Land Use and Society: Geography, Law, and Public Policy. Revised Edition. 2004, p.424) 187. Although land-use practices vary greatly across the world, their ultimate outcome is generally the same: (a) to produce food and fiber and (b) to acquire natural resources for immediate human needs (Sustainable Land Management Sourcebook. The World Bank. 2010, p.5) 188. One of the most pressing issues of land use planning concerns the question of where and how to place more people on the land; i.e., should new developments be smaller and of a higher incidence or be fewer and larger in order to reduce environmental impacts? Will negative impacts be exacerbated or lessened if development is concentrated into particular areas or should it be allowed to be dispersed evenly over the landscape? How do marginal changes contribute to cumulative effects? etc. (Land Use Scenarios: Environmental Consequences of Development. Basset, Scott D., et al. 2009, p. xiii) 189. Land use planning remained largely sectoral and unintegrated, and usually centralized and top- down. There was little effective participation in land use planning by the supposed beneficiaries. (Evidence for Hope. Earthscan Publication Ltd. 2003, p. 195) 190. Land use plans can influence the environment in a number of ways. These include: dealing with local site-related matters

 ensuring that development does not exceed ecological thresholds balancing the social, environmental and economic needs of new developments maintaining and enhancing the quality of local environments. (Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning. Earthscan Publisher. 2005, p.5) 39. AISYAH BIANNY RAHMANUGROHO_15411046 191. The purpose of land use planning is to secure consistency and continuity in the framing and execution of national policy with respect to the use and development of land. (Carys Jones,dkk., Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning, page 24) 192. Land use planning is therefore part of the political system through which the environment can be protected and sustainable development goals can be defined, and policies to achieve them drawn up and implemented. (Owens, 1997; RCEP, 2002) (Carys Jones,dkk., Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning, page 25) 193. Land uses and their associated building types need to be consistent with current construction practices and consumer and user requirements. Market conditions, development costs, and numerous alternatives in development technologies afford the designer the opportunity to develop distinctly different designs for any given property. (The Dewberry Companies, Land Development Handbook, page 18) 194. Land degradation can be defined as the loss of land productivity through one or more processes, such as reduced soil biological diversity and activity, the loss of soil structure, soil removal due to wind and water erosion, acidification, salinization, waterlogging, soil nutrient mining, and pollution. (The World Bank, Sustainable Land Management Challenges Opportunities and Trade Offs, page 27) 195. Landscapes, like cities, cut across disciplines and professions. This makes it especially difficult to provide an overall sense of how landscapes should be studied and researched. (C. Pettit, Landscape Analysis and Visualisation, page 5) 40. Ashri Ulima Zhafirah_15411019 196. Land use planning is therefore part of the political system through which the environment can be protected and sustainable development goals can be defined, and policies to achieve them drawn up and implemented. (Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land Use Planning, page 5) 197. Likewise, the evolution of planning is linked to the evolution of forms of land use and land rights, which have evolved in different social, economic, political and cultural systems. Land use allocation has been a fundamental historic feature of these systems, whereas forward land use planning in the modern sense of the term reflects the relatively recent growing role of the state over individualised land use rights, largely to compensate for the reduction of controls embedded in

previous social formations, though also linked to the increase in scale and complexity of urban areas. (Planning and Housing in the Rapidly Urbanising World, Paul Jenkins, Harry Smith Ya Ping Wang, page 3) 198.The patterns of transportation and urban land use associated with high levels of automobile dependence present an array of environmental, economic and social problems for the sustainability of cities. (An Introduction To Sustainable Transportation, Preston L. Schiller, page 7) 199.With the advent of land use regulations, significant environmental constraints imposed by federal, state, and local governments, and the heavy involvement of citizens impacted by new developments, dedicated land use professionals must be prepared to draw on a wealth of resources to design a project that is appealing to both the end user and the surrounding community yet be cost effective to the client. (Land Development Handbook, page 3) 200.Some of the effects of poor land use practices are felt by land users themselves in the form of declining agricultural yields and higher costs to maintain current production levels. (Sustainable Land Management, page 7) 41. FARHAN MUZAKI_15411024 201. The objective of most Dutch spatial planning-related Land Use Scanner applications is to provide probable spatial patterns of land-use change related to predefined conditions on demographic and economic scenario assumptions or specific policy interventions. Land Use Sacnner - 2011 Land-Use Modelling in Planning Practice-page 4-(Eric Koomen and Judith Borsboom) 202. The meaning of the term landscape is broader than that of a view or scenic panorama, which characterized many environmental and historical heritage policies earlier, and broader than nature or environment (Scazzosi, 2004: 337). Landscape- 2011 The European Landscape Convention Challenges of Participation -page 1- (Michael Jones and Marie Stenseke) 203. Eco-city planning is putting the emphasis on the environmental aspects of planning while sustainable planning treats equally the economic, social and environmental aspects. Eco City Planning- 2011 Eco_city_Planning__Policies__Practice_and_Design-page 3- (Tai Chee Wong and Belinda Yuen) 204. Urban density is the number of people living in an area, often measured by persons per square area. Building density is the percentage of land occupied by buildings. Crowdiness which is the main problem of high-density living is more related to building density and liveable space. Urban Density - High-Rise Living in Asian Cities - Belnida Yuen and Anthony G.O Yeh-Page v 205. The importance of urban ecology will increase in the future due to the increasing urbanization in the world. There are strong relationships between ecosystem functions and human well-being (MA 2005). Wilfried Endlicher et al. 2011 Perspectives_in_Urban_Ecology__Ecosystems_and_Interactions_between_Humans_and_Nature

42. IVANIE DESTILA SARI_15411016 206. Landscape ecologists are particularly interested in understanding the landscape as a heterogeneous mosaic of physical, hydrological and vegetation features that are of an appropriate functionality, size and condition to support lifecycle functions of endemic species. Planning at the landscape scale page 50 207. Rural planning is concerned with planning for development, land use, the allocation and management of resources, including in the ruralurban interface. In some instances, rural planning equates with regional planning in others it does not. Rural Planning in Developing Countries page 28 208. The land-use classes for exploring the interaction were settlement, transportation infrastructure, green land and forest, water and barren land. Survival ans Sustainability Environmental Concerns in the 21st Century pagi 1409 209. The Woodlands philosophy was based on: 1. Good land use planning 2. Environmentally sensitive development 3. Economic, social and racial integration. Urban Development page 238 210. The degree of a systems sensitivity to climatic hazards depends not only on geographic conditions but also socio-economic factors such as population and infrastructure. Indicators of sensitivity can encompass geographical conditions, land use, demographic characteristics, infrastructure and industry. Indicators for physical infrastructure, institutions, and policy options that reduce vulnerability are included in adaptive capacity. Resilient Cities, Cities , page 482and Adaptation to Climate Change 43. RINI PURNAMASARI_15411035 211.The urban landscape, by contrast, is a vast mosaic of buildings, paved areas, parks, vacant land, private yards, and even residual agriculture and natural areas. (Land use and society, page 42 Rutherford H. Platt) 212.The new innovative urban planning approaches have differing entry points. Whereas adapted strategic planning provides city-wide or city regional frameworks, neighborhood innovations revolve around thematic and substantive planning issues of local economic opportunities, environmental management, service provision, managing utilities and promoting cultural diversity. (Page 20. Serafeim Polyzos. Urban development) 213.Botswana defines urban land use rights for 99 years that can either be renewed or require the government to pay compensation for any improvements, whereas many rural rights are under the customary regime. (Kalabamu 2000). (Page 73 Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction, A WORLD BANK POLICY RESEARCH REPORT) 214.Urban regeneration initiatives were controlled by central government through allocation of finance and setting detailed rules and regulations. It might be said that from the City Challenge initiative onwards local authorities gained more power, as they could initiate the schemes and coordinate implementation. (Page 226, Urban_Planning_and_the_British_New_Right, Phllip Allmendinger and Huw Thomas)

215.Land use is allocated to each grid cell via transition/decision rules based on intrinsic suitability, zoning, accessibility, neighbourhood effects and a random factor. (Page 42 .Land_Use_Modelling_in_Planning_Practice, Eric Koomen & Judith Borsboom-van Beurden) 44. NURIZA WARDI_15411006 216. On a regional scale, concentrated development is done with compact mixtures of land uses where everyday needs can be met within small distances, nonautomotive transportation, and high residential and commercial densities (Porous Pavement Integrative Studies in Water Management, Bruce K Ferguson hal 6) 217. Healey and Shaw place overriding emphasis upon land use planning judgments being a political question which cannot be left to administrative, technical, legal or economic parties (Sustainability Land Use and the Environment, Mark Stallworthy hal 299) 218. For rural and agricultural lands, land use determines the assessed value, subject to the constraints established by state and municipal law. For example, if land is given by the government to peasants in some states it is not taxed at all and in others they will pay a fixed amount. Buildings are assessed on the basis of unit values of construction. (International Handbook of Land and Property Taxation, Richard M Bird hal 294) 219. Land use in the wildlandurban interface is also greatly affected by current land-related public policies at federal, state, and local levels (Kundell et al. 2002). (Forest at the Wild Land Urban Interface Conservation and Management, Susan W Vince hal 30) 220. Components of the human environment considered under each of the assessments typically include water resources, water quality, geology, wildlife, threatened and endangered species, essential fish habitat, aquatic and terrestrial ecology, and air quality, as well as socioeconomic resources such as employment,population, environmental justice, and land use, and other components such as noise, transportation, cultural resources, and aesthetics. (Sustainable Land Development and Restoration Decision Consequence Analysis, Kandi Brown hal 15) 45. JENNYFER MARCHELA_15411012 221. Land use is a weaker control but tends to bear the imprint of climatic variability, in which the record of wxtreme conditions is most marked ( Malcolm Newson, Land, Water and Development, 259) 222. Land use planning is a classic example of a public process operating somewhere between the executive-administrative and the judicial-adjudicative functions.(Sustainability, Land Use and Environment, Mark Stallworthy, 108) 223. Land use is frozen might be used to advocate for build developments, thereby hampering the protection and improvement of metropolitan green areas.(Improving Institutions for Green Landscapes in Metropolitan Areas, Evelien Van Rij,147) 224. Land use is one of the most crucial drivers of biodiversity change and lies at the interface between social and ecological processes.(Landscape Analysys and Visualitation, C. Pettit, W. Cartwright, I. Bishop, K. Lowell, D. Pullar, D. Duncan(Eds.), 291)

225. Land use is reasonable but the use was negligent on their part.(Land Development Handbook, The Dewebery Companies, 88) 46. EUFRASIA MARLITA_15411038 226. new activity for land-use planning in the environmental field: (a) the relationship between planning and pollution control (such as the new environmental regulatory bodies, and the acquisition of new planning responsibilities in the fields of waste planning and air quality), and (b) the environmental appraisal of development plans. (Elizabeth Wilson, Urban Planning and the British New Right, 24) 227. Jackson completed his history of the suburbs by describing a long-term cycle of urban land use, from initial development to abandonment to redevelopment. He predicted that suburbanization would eventually slow, driven by increasingly scarce and expensive fossil fuel, rising land costs, the cost of money, static building technology, new federal efforts to spur redevelopment and renovation, and the changing structure of the family.(Jackson, Urban Sprawl and Public Health Designing Planning and Buliding, 66) 228. Land use planning is one of the most complex state activities and accordingly its evaluation poses great difficulties. (Planning in Britain Understanding and Evaluating the Post War System, 62) 229. land-use planning is intended to prevent the mixing of such uses, but there are instances when proposals are brought forward for new waste incinerators considered too close to residential areas. (Planning Edge, 37) 230. Urban land use planning can no longer afford to be merely anthropogenic (human-centred). Instead, it has to also consider environmental issues including the interdependency of human and non-human species and the rights and intrinsic values of non-human species in our pursuit for a sustainable ecosystem. It has to be ecological.(Eco city Planning Policies Practice and Design, 2) 47. AYU SHAFIRA K_15411001 231. Homer-Dixon identifies six factors that define complex systems, all of which pertain directly to open space embedded in an urban structure. He claims that complex systems 1. Are made up of a large number of entities, components or parts. Systems with more parts are generally more complex. For open-space networks, these components are open-space sites, social groups, transportation corridors, and a host of other entities. 2. Contain a dense web of causal connections among components. The more causal connections, the more complexity. The causal connections among open-space networks involve, among other things, political processes, citizen perceptions and preferences, ecological processes, and economic impacts. 3. Exhibit interdependence among components.An example for our purposes, elaborated 10 Connected Open Space in the following chapters, is the success that comes from collaborations among organizations working toward open-space goals. 4. Are not self-contained, but rather are affected by outside variables. For instance, openspace protection in a given municipality or urban region is affected by political and economic variables at state and federal levels, by environmental processes outside the citys boundaries, and by social changes that transcend the region.

5. Have a high degree of synergy among componentsthe whole is more than the sum of the parts. The synergy among open-space components is the purview of ecology itself. The whole of any natural system is inherently more than the sum of its soils, vegetation, climate, and so forth. 6. Are nonlinear. A change in the system can produce effects that are not proportional to its size. A small shift in priorities within a city department can have disproportional effects on support for open-space landscapes. (MetroGreen Connecting Open Space in North American Cities, Donna Erickson, 25) 232. Jacksons bill called for coordinated land-use planning at federal, state, and local levels of government and required the designation of urban, agricultural, environmental, and industrial land uses (Jackson 1970). (The Planners Guide to Natural Resource Consevation, Adrian X. Esparza, 36) 233. Uncertainty does not only concern the specific object of planning but radically affects its disciplinary tradition, which has been seeking autonomy since the late nineteenth century. In effect, the central theme might be identified as decisionmaking following appropriately defined methods such as those that are scientifically corroborated like an optimisation algorithm. Or it could be understood as the search for some good enough solution to problems of uncertain, and sometimes unfavourable, formulation through concrete experiments and investigations in real empirical conditions. In both cases, planning is conceived as a problem-solving activity that can relate knowledge to action in different ways (Simon, 1957, 1960, 1969; Tinbergen, 1956; Faludi, 1973b). (Spatial Plannning and Urban Development, Pier Carlo Elermo, 15) 234. Shalaby (2003) aptly noted, urban development is very much a social process constructed by planners whose orientation is shaped by global North theory and or their own experiential knowledge, which does not necessarily fit with the social problems and needs. (Urban Development, Serafeim Polyzos, 15) 235. A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base (Carney, 1998). (Rural Planning in Developing Coutries, Barry Dallay-Clayton, 14) 48. PRISKA PERMATA A_15411004 236. PLUS : Planning and Land Use System. A program which was implemented through the

updating of the countywide Plan and 14 planning district plans in the Comprehensive Plan in 1975. (Land Development Handbook, 2004 : 1052) 237. HUD : Housing & Urban Development. Activities at all levels of government and private development endeavors that utilize federal funds secured through HUD require an environmental assessment with specific provisions focusing on the safeguard of unique historic and archeological resources. (Land Development Handbook, 2004 : 321)

238. IDZ : Intensive Development Zone. Strategic approaches that have taken rural areas as their starting point. (Dalal-Clayton, Dant, Dubois. Rural Planning in Developing Country, 2003 : 10) 239. DDS : District Development Strategy. A strategy which could strengthen such emerging planning systems that are now faltering because of institutional problems and lack of technical capacity. (Dalal-Clayton, Dant, Dubois. Rural Planning in Developing Country, 2003 : 198-200) 240. LRRP : Land Reform and Resettlement Program.. A program which was aimed to provide a

more efficient and rational structure for land allocation. (Dalal-Clayton, Dant, Dubois. Rural Planning in Developing Country, 2003 : 18, 19-20) 49. M. ISHILUTFIDIANTO P_15411039 241. The urban environment fostered the spread of diseases with crowded, dark, unventilated housing; unpaved streets mired in horse manure and littered with refuse; inadequate or nonexisting water supplies; privy vaults unemptied from one year to the next; stagnant pools of water; ill functioning open sewers; stench beyond the twentiethcentury imagination; and noises from clacking horse hooves, wooden wagon wheels, street railways, and unmuffled industrial machinery.(Urban Sprawl and Public Health Designing Planning and Building, Howard Frumkin, Lawrence Frank, Richard Jackson, 44) 242. The Centre for Urban and Regional Ecology (CURE, 2002: 18) has divided the countryside around towns into urban edge, inner fringe and outer fringe, each with distinct land use characteristics. In Australia, Bunker and Holloway (2001: 2) have suggested that all fringes possess an inner edge and an outer periphery. (Planning Edge, Nick Gallent, Johan Andersson and Marco Bianconi ,10 ) 243. In order to ensure that urban areas are planned for the well-being of both city dwellers and urban biodiversity, knowledge of the responses of the urban ecosystem including ecological and human components to the influence of urbanisation is pivotal (McDonnell and Pickett, 1990; Niemela, 1999a). (Ecology of Cities and Towns, Mark J. McDonnell, Amy K. Hahs, Jurgen H. Breuste, 2) 244. A link clearly exists between contingent styles of planning and their institutional and cultural contexts which may partially explain the differentiation in planning tools and the variety of outcomes (Newman & Thornley, 1996; Freestone, 2000; Faludi & Janin Rivolin, 2005; Booth, Breuillard, Fraser,&Davis, 2007). (Spatial Planning and Urban Development, Pier Carlo Parlermo, 3) 245. The studies of Newman and Kenworthy (1989a, 1989b) examined the relationship between residential density, the viability of public transit systems, and automotive fuel usage, and concluded that higher residential densities enhance the viability of public transport. Other studies also argued

that higher residential densities enabled mixed land-uses, and better job-housing balances, thus reducing automobile use (Cervero, 1998). (High Risk Living in Asian Cities, Belinda Yuen, 51)