MAKTAB KEJURUTERAAN JEFRI BOLKIAH KUALA BELAIT NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

ASSIGNMENT NO. ONE

SESSION 2012/2013
Please Tick ( ) First Attempt:

Re-Do:

TITLE: ENGINEERING DRAWING FUNDAMENTALS, GEOMETRICAL

CONSTRUCTION, ORTHOGRAPHIC & PICTORIAL PROJECTIONS AND PATTERN DEVELOPMENT

UNIT TITLE: ENGINEERING NAME/ID CARD NUMBER: GROUP/LEVEL: DATE GIVEN:

DRAWING

MOHAMMAD ZULHAFIZZAN BIN ASMALI / 01-062499

DIPLOMA YEAR 1 MARINE ENGINEERING (A)

DATE SUBMITTED:

FEBRUARY 2013

APRIL 2013

Assessor: FINAL MARK Signature: Internal/External Verifier. Signature: Date. Date.

Engineering Drawing 2 Assignment 1 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. I.

CONTENT INTRODUCTION Introduction of assignment

PAGE 3

II.

TASK 1 Description of Engineering Drawing.

III.

TASK 3 Graphic of Radial Pattern Development

10

IV.

CONCLUSION How Engineering Drawing will benefit us as a technical student and any difficulty encountered.

11

V.

REFERENCES

11

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 3 Assignment 1 JEFRI BOLKIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BDTVEC Diploma in Marine Engineering (2012/2013) Introduction In this assignment, we were required to write a report and to finish all of the given tasks with suitable title. We were given this assignment during February 2013 and have to be submitted on April 2013. About one month this assignment was given, so there was a plenty of time to fill in the answer (Task 1) and to complete the drawing (Task 2 and Task 3. This assignment contain table of content, Introduction, Task 1, Task 2, Task 3, Conclusion and References. Engineering drawings convey accurate information about shape in a way which words cannot. This language of lines, signs and symbols has to be learned before it can be expressed on paper. When it is being expressed, it has to be understood by others. But in order for it to work effectively, everyone concerned must interpret the drawings in the same way so that there is uniformity in its interpretation. So the British Standard Institution has prepared a booklet BS 308:1972 having all the standards and conventions to be used. This standard is now adopted for the preparation of drawings used in the engineering industry. Basically, drawing is a principle means of communication in engineering. It is the method used to impact ideas and convey information and is often said to be the language of the engineer. It is an international language but it has its own rules and conventions. The purposes of studying Engineering Drawing: Develop the ability to produce simple Engineering Drawing and sketches based on current practice. Develop the skill to read manufacturing and construction drawing used in industry. Develop a working knowledge of the layout of plant and equipment. Develop skills in abstracting information from calculation sheets and schematic diagrams to produce working drawings for manufacturers, installers and fabricators.

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 4 Assignment 1 Task 1 Describe the followings: Engineering Drawing used as a mean of communication. An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, is used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items. Engineering drawing (the activity) produces engineering drawings (the documents). More than just the drawing of pictures, it is also a language which a graphical language that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another. Most especially, it communicates all needed information from the engineer who designed a part to the workers who will make it. Engineering drawing and artistic drawing are both types of drawing, and either may be called simply "drawing" when the context is implicit. Engineering drawing shares some traits with artistic drawing in that both create pictures. But where as the purpose of engineering drawing is to convey information (objective facts). One of the corollaries that follows from this fact is that, where as engineering drawing requires some training to understand (like any language) but there is also a high degree of objective commonality in the interpretation (also like other languages). Engineering Drawing is a graphical language used by those concerned with the constructive arts e.g in the manufacturing of: Machinery, Structure, Ships, Aircraft and so on. If oral and writing communication only were used when dealing with technical matters, misunderstanding could arise, particularly in relation to shape and size. However, these interpretation difficulties had been eliminated by using graphical communication through engineering drawing. For the communication to be effective, everyone concerned must interpret the drawings in the same way. Only then will the finished product be exactly as the designer wants it. In fact, engineering drawing has evolved into a language that is more precise and unambiguous than natural languages; in this sense it is closer to a programming language in its communication ability. Engineering drawing uses an extensive set of conventions to convey information very precisely, with very little ambiguity. There are many different ways of communicating ideas, information, instruction etc. They can be transmitted by signs or gestures, by words of mouth, in writing or graphically. In an industrial context the graphical method is commonly used and communication being achieved by means of engineering drawings.
Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 5 Assignment 1

Orthographic Projection (compare between first and third angle projections). In the engineering industry, communication between the drawing officer and the workshop is achieved mainly be means of engineering drawings. The principle method used to prepare these drawings is known as Orthographic Projection. Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an (object-space) telecentric lens. The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane, as in multiview orthographic projections. There are two type of Orthographic Projection used: 1. First Angle Orthographic Projection English Projection 2. Third Angle Projection American Projection

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 6 Assignment 1

Comparation of First angle and Third angle projection I. First Angle Projections.

Orthographic Projection (First Angle Projection) is a way of drawing an 3D object from different directions. Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture. In first-angle projection, the projectors originate as if radiated from a viewer's eyeballs and shoot through the 3D object to project a 2D image onto the plane behind it. The 3D object is projected into 2D "paper" space as if you were looking at a radiograph of the object: the top view is under the front view, the right view is at the left of the front view. First-angle projection is the ISO standard and is primarily used in Europe. II. Third Angle Projections.

Orthographic Projection (Third Angle Projection) is a way of drawing an object from different directions. Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture.

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 7 Assignment 1 In third-angle projection, the projectors originate as if radiated from the 3D object itself and shoot away from the 3D object to project a 2D image onto the plane in front of it. The views of the 3D object are like the panels of a box that envelopes the object, and the panels pivot as they open up flat into the plane of the drawing. Thus the left view is placed on the left and the top view on the top; and the features closest to the front of the 3D object will appear closest to the front view in the drawing. Third-angle projection is primarily used in the United States and Canada. We can distinguish between first angle projection and third angle projection by seeing the representation in the Title block. If it shows a trapezium followed by a concentric circles, then it is first angle projection. If the circles precede the trapezium, then it is third angle projection.( it represents the views of a truncated cone )

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 8 Assignment 1 Types of Lines used in Engineering Drawing. One of the most important factors in good drawing is the quality of line work. It is essential that lines should be of uniformed thickness and blackness.

Type of Line Continuous (thick) Continuous (thin)

Example

Application Visible outlines and edges. Fictitious outlines and edges dimension and leader lines hatching outlines of adjacent parts outlines of revolved sections. Limits of partial views or sections when the line is not an axis. Hidden outlines and edges. Centre lines extreme positions of moveable parts. Cutting planes lines.

Continuous Irregular (thin)

Short Dashes (thin) Chain (thin)

Chain (thick at ends and at changes of direction, thin elsewhere)

Chain (thick)

Indication of surfaces which have to meet special requirements. Long break lines.

Ruled line & Short zigzag thin.

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 9 Assignment 1

Pictorial Drawing.

A component may be represented graphically in various ways. On the Pictorial Drawing, only one view is used to visualization the shape of a component. This type of projection not being use for communicating detailed instructions for manufacture. A pictorial drawing is a quickly produced approximately scaled representation of a component. It is more like a picture rather than an accurately scaled line drawing There are many different types of pictorial representation. Two of the most commonly used are known as Isometric Drawing and Oblique Drawing. i. Isometric Drawing.

The isometric projection show the object from angles in which the scales along each axis of the object are equal. Isometric projection corresponds to rotation of the object by 45 about the vertical axis, followed by rotation of approximately 35.264 [= arcsin(tan(30))] about the horizontal axis starting from an orthographic projection view. "Isometric" comes from the Greek for "same measure". One of the things that makes isometric drawings so attractive is the ease with which 60 degree angles can be constructed with only a compass and straightedge

ii.

Oblique Drawing.

An oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects:

it projects an image by intersecting parallel rays (projectors) from the three-dimensional source object with the drawing surface (projection plan).

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil

Engineering Drawing 10 Assignment 1

Conclusion The difficulties occurred during illustrated the Graphic (Task 2 and Task 3) when it came to measurement because the picture given on the question paper was not really clear. So it hard for me to measure and illustrated it on the A2 paper. Then, I need to recall back the lesson with my instructor and referred to the notes about the projection angle and so on. Finally I managed to finish my tasks.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawing http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/lecture_notes/env_health_science_st udents/EngineeringDrawing.pdf http://www.technologystudent.com/designpro/ortho1.htm http://www.technologystudent.com/designpro/ortho2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection http://www.millwood.ednet.ns.ca/tech/ext10/drafting/pictor/index.htm http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Pictorial+drawing

Engineering Drawing | Prepared By: Mohd Zuhafizzan Bin Asmalil