Plain Truth 1976 (Prelim No 11) Dec - W

th e
UWrnurn
a m a g o zi n e of under st an d ing
Vol. XLI , No. 11
ARTICLES
After Mao - New Era for Chi na
The Soviet Jews - Mak ing It in Ame rica
Stra tegies for Coping Wi th Inf lati on
The First Christmas in Rome
Reflections on Peace
Alcoholism: t he Road to Recovery
" But It Was an Accident! "
Aerosols Are Destroying Our Atmosphere
FEATURES
Person al from Herbert W. Ar mstrong
Worldwatch
TV-Radio Log
In Brief
Garner Ted Armstrong Speaks Out'
December 1976
2
6
15
18
22
26
32
39
4
36
43
44
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Personal from...
THE WESTERN WORLD'S
GROWING TRAGEDY-
GROWING OLD BEFORE OUR TIME
M
ILLI ONS have heen believing
a myth that has brought on
one of modern civilization's
greatest tragedi es.
I saw a pitiful example of this one
day in Miami . A few of my traveling
team decided to take a drive over on
~ 1 iami Beach. \Ve crossed over near
the southern end. then drove north
10 and through the luxury hotel
area. BUI driving up from the south-
ern end we passed first through a
district of economy-class retirement
hotels,
As we drove slowly by. our atten -
tion was a rrested by the sight of
many retired "elderly" - probably
between the ages of 60 and 70 -
sitting idly on front verandas pass-
ing awa y the time. II was the des-
ponde nt . hopeless. beat en look on
their faces thai caught our attention
and filled us with disma y. Plainly.
they had nothing 10 look forwar d 10 .
Th er e was j ust a tired, uninterested,
hopel ess stare on their faces. Th ey
were just eking out an existence un-
til finall y death would deli ver them
from hopeless monotony.
I had to wonder : Wtrv should
peop le beli eve in a myth that cheats
milli ons out of one of the ha ppi est
times of life? wuv should the MIL-
LI ONS belie ve a myth that makes
them old before their time and robs
them of usefulness. vigor. sparkling
int er est in life. and real accomplish-
ment?
I remember when I was a boy still
growing up. My two grandfathers
were dead . bUI my grandmothers.
one in her lat e 50s. the other in her
ea rly 60s. were still living. Not that
my ancestors died yo ung. I remem-
ber. between ages 3 and 5. a great
gra ndfather in his 90s and a greal
uncle. also in his 90s. My mother
lived to age 9511, . and she had broth-
ers and sisters who lived into their
lat e 80s and 90s.
But my grandmothc rs. after about
age 50 or 55. had changed their at-
tire to dress like "old folks." II has
seemed to me that it must have be-
come custom for peopl e to think
they are "g rowing old." I have no-
ticed that many young men. reach-
in g somewhere around 25. begi n to
cultivate a changed personality. put
on a facial exp ression. and adopt a
manner of speech of one .... more MA-
TURE." As they reach the later 40s
The PLAIN TRUTH December 1976
and turn 50. they seem to feel they
mu st talk. look. and act like they
suppose the " middle-aged" ought to
appear. And by or before 60. they
seem to feel they have now become
"old." They appea r to feel their use-
fulness is now over, and they must
"retire."
Th is feeling is so universal that
many corporations have retirement
progra ms timed to age 60 or 65.
Somehow. I never could quite un-
derstand that type of outlook on
life. I have never reac hed "middle
age: ' at least not consciously - not
in my mind and man ner of thin king
and acting. After age 83. I have en-
joyed joking about being "37. going
on 36." I have simply been TOO
BUSY to think of "growing old" or
ever "retiring:'
One of our employees came to me
at age 55. He wanted to ret ire. True.
he had been on our payro ll for some
25 or 30 years. He had been di-
vorced and had married a widow
who had a camper. She had a sma ll
income.
" We can travel very cheaply." he
said. "and I want to get to tra vel
and see some of the United States
before I have to meet my Maker. "
he said. He had alrea dy "grown
old" - in his mind . Well. "as he
thinketh in his heart . so is he," said
Solomon.
There is a new book j ust off the
press, Love in the Lat er Years. au-
thored by Dr. James A. Peterson
and Dr. Barbar a Payne. gerontolo-
gists. The book report s a wealt h of
resea rch on one of the Western
world's most senseless growing trag-
edies and qu otes some astonishi ng
sta tistics, unreal ized. I think. by
most.
For example. it is stated that
some 70 yea rs ago. the ave rage life
spa n was only 47 years. Few mar-
riages lasled until all the child ren
had grown 10 maturi ty and left
home. Most marriages lasted only
unt il middle age and usually end ed
by the deat h of one. Now. for the
first time. at least in mode rn history.
many marri ages are lastin g into
what has been called "old age" - 60
and past.
Such facts actually seem rather
shocking to me when I think of how
my marri age lasted 50 yea rs. lacking
311, months to the dav, and I still
thou ght of the " wife of my youth"
as "yo ung," though she died a t age
7511, . To me she was still only 25.
(We were both 25 when we were
marri ed .) And I have seri ously
(Continued on page 42)
AFTER MAO
NEWERA
FOR CHINA
by Keith W. St ump
As expected, the death of Mao Tse-tung three
months ago triggered a scramble for power in the
top echelons of the Chinese government.
A new Chairman has now emerged. What will the
post-Mao era hold for China and for
the world at large?
Rivalry between the two factions
dates back to the tumultuous Cul-
tur al Revolution of 1966-69. which
was spea rheaded by the radical s in
an atte mpt to revive revolutionar y
ardor in Chi na and destroy the bu-
reau crati c party struct ure whic h had
developed. T he radicals are charac-
terized as isolat ionist and xenopho-
bic. wa ry of bot h Washingt on a nd
Moscow. preaching self-reliance an d
advoca ting period ic nat ionwide pu r-
gings for ideologica l purity.
The moderat es or pr agmat ists. on
the other han d. emphasize orde rly
economi c an d technological devel-
opment and the expa ns ion of for-
eign tr ad e. They shun disruptive
ideological campa igns. And it was
the moderate fac tion, led by th e lat e
Cho u En-lai. which opened the door
to im proved rel ati ons wi th th e
Uni ted Stat es in 1971.
A
exactl
Y
3 p.m. Peking time on
September 18. one quarter of
man kind stopped its work
and stood in silence. head s bowed .
for three long minutes. In an un-
pr ecedented di splay of mass grief at
the concl usion of an official eight -
day period of mourning. 850 milli on
Chinese qu ietl y paid their last re-
spects to their de pa rt ed Cha irma n.
Mao Tse-t ung.
The "Great Helmsman" - the
only lead er the Chinese had known
sinc e th e People's Republic was pro-
claimed 27 years ago - was gone.
With out a doubt. he had ma de a
greater impact on the ir nat ion than
any ot her leader in cent uries.
As a permane nt symbol of the
Chines e revolution . his body is to be
enshrined in a cryst al sarcophag us
in Peking for the ins pi ration of fu-
ture genera tions. in the ma nner of
two ot her co mmunist he roes. Leni n
and Ho Chi Minh .
The a nnounceme nt of Mao' s
death on Sep tembe r 9 at the age of
82 triggered a flood of condolences
and tributes from a round the world.
Even leaders in the United Sta tes
and Western Europe - well aware
tha t Mao was responsible for the
slaughter of multipl e millions of
Chinese as he brutall y extended his
control over the country in the early
1950s - were inexpli cably profuse
in thei r eulogies of hi m.
Onl y the "othe r Chinese" on the
2
island of Taiwan. it seemed. took a
different view. rejoicing at th e de ath
of " red tyrant Mao. th e grea test vil-
lain i n Ch i ncs e hi story. " wh o
through his "iniquitous rul e" had
" plunged the Chinese people into
an abyss of agony."
Veneer 01 Unity
Ma o' s de ath followe d closely the
deaths of two other "old gua rd"
leaders - Premi er Chou En-lai and
Mar shal Chu Teh. chairman of the
National People's Congress. With
most of China's He lde r sta tesme n"
either dead or in poor health and no
designat ed successor on the scene to
insure an orderly transfer of power.
China-watche rs waited for signs of a
powe r struggle between rival claim-
ants to a uthority.
But as they stood side by side in
mourning by Mao' s glass -encased
bier in Peking' s Grea t Hall of the
People. Chi na 's top lead ers con-
veyed an impression of sta bi lity at
the nati on's helm. Some observers
saw this as an indication tha t the $0-
ca lled radical an d mode rate fac tions
of th e Chines e Communist Party
may ha ve ag reed to avoid open con-
flict a nd to govern for the time
being as a coalition.
But few obse rvers doubted t hat a
fierce strugg le was a lready under
way behind t he scenes to det ermine
who would ult imat ely ste p int o the
shoes of the departed Chairman.
Power Play
The venee r of pretended uni ty be-
tween the rival factions was short -
lived. In ea rly October. sketchy re-
port s filtered out of China that
Chai rma n Mao's fiery widow.
Chia ng C hing. and three o the r
prominent radical leaders in the rul-
ing Politburo had been arrested and
accused of plotting a coup d' et at . In
addition to Mad ame Mao. a former
movie ac tress who is the acknowl-
edged lead er of the radical fact ion.
the others said to have been arres ted
were Depu ty Party Chairma n Wan g
Hung- wen. Vice- Pr emi e r Chang
Chua-chiao. and propaganda expert
Yao Wen-yuan.
The rumors of the ir fall from
power we re soo n confir med. An in-
te nsive wa ll - poster ca mpai gn.
sprea ding thro ughou t the coun try
with lightning speed. ope nly de -
nounced the fou r as a "danger ous
ca ncer" that had long plotted to
tak e ove r t he Chi nese gove rnme nt.
" CRUSH THE HEADS OF THE FOU R
DOGS" ran a typical sloga n. Even in
Shan ghai. Chi na 's largest city and
the rad ical s' forme r base of opera -
tions. there was little resist ance to
the ca mpaign to discredi t the so-
ca lled gang of four.
Ear ly re ports from inside China
indicated that the radical qu art et
had tried unsuccessfull y to assassi-
nat e Premier Hu a Ku o-feng. But
perhaps the most damaging of the
cha rges aga inst them was that of
" ta mpe ring" with the thought s of
Chairma n Mao. that is. fabricat ina
sayings wh ich pu rportedly ca rne
from Mao in the last mont hs of his
life - sayings designed to assure
their ri se to po wer a f t e r hi s
death.
The pl ots a nd intrigues a tt ributed
to the four ha ve grown increasingly
broad. suggesting that the moder-
ates are fabricating at least some of
the cha rges to further di scredit the
rad icals. Th e full story may not be
known for years - if ever.
New Strongman
In sho rt orde r. the top Chinese lea d-
ership was purged of its ultra leftists.
Reports revealed tha t some 50 other
leftist officials had bee n a rrested in
add ition to the top four.
On top - for th e time. at lea st -
has emerged Premier and First
Vice-Chai':-man Hu a Ku o- feng (pro-
nounced Hwa Kwo- fung). un til re-
cently a relatively unknown official.
Concurrent wi th the arrest" of the
radicals. posters proclaiming Hua as
the new Party Chairman - the na-
tion's top post - went lip in major
urban centers.
Wi th his maj or rival s be hi nd bars.
it now appea rs that Hua has suc-
ceeded in gaining undisputed con-
tro l over t he pa rty a nd the count ry.
He re ported ly also has the crucial
support of the mi litary.
Hua. though t to be in his mid-Sus.
was born in the provi nce of Shansi
in northeastern China. As a provin-
cial party official with a reputation
as a s kill ful ad mi nis ta to r. Hu a
cau ght Mao's eye a nd was brought
to Pe king in 1971. He became a
me mber of th e Politb uro in 1973. In
ea rly 1975 he was nam ed a vice-
premier and minister of public secu-
ritv.
Last Fe bruary. followi ng Prem ier
Cho u En-Iai's death . Hua was unex-
pectedly a ppointed ac ting pr emier.
It had been wid ely expec ted that
Chou's personally designat ed suc-
cessor. First Vi ce-Premier Te ng
Hsiao-ping. would step into th at of-
fice. but opposi tio n from the radi-
ca ls a ppa rently prompt ed Mao to
install Hua as a compromise choice.
With Teng's abrupt ouster in a
power play two mont hs la ter. Hu a
was named permanent premier.
NEW CHAIRMAN. Hua Kuo-Ieng. until
recently a relat ively unknown offi cial .
has emerged as the single most
po werf ul man in China fol/owing a
po wer struggle between rival factions
01the Chinese Communist Part y.
Pol icy Questions
Chinas new leadership will not only
plot the course of China's internal
po liti cal a nd econo m ic d evel-
opment. but will also direct Peking' s
rel at ions with the outside world. In
thi s regard. it is believed likely that
the ma in lines of Chinese fore ign
poli cy will be con t inued for the im-
mediate future.
Possibly the mo st import ant ques-
tion raised by Mao' s death is the
future rel ationship betwee n China
and the Soviet Union ( The Plain
Truth. Sept em ber 1976). Anal yst s
are cautious in their predictions. but
most view a sudde n policy switch to
a more conciliatory attitude toward
Moscow as extreme ly unlikely. It is
known . however. that there arc ele-
ments in both factions. including
so me top milita ry men. th at would
like to see at lea st a limit ed rap-
prochement with the Kr eml in. But
10 ev e n s ugges t s uch a drastic
change in pol icy so soo n after Mao' s
dea th wou ld cert ai nly be political
suicide.
It was not surprising. t herefore.
tha t Cha irman Hua - in the bes t
tradition of Maoist anti-Sovietism -
rece ntly denounced the " imperial-
is tic designs" of the "new czars" in
the Kremlin. If he has a ny priva te
fee lings a bout a future thaw in rela-
tions with Moscow. he is keeping
them to himsel f for the time bei ng.
Chi na 's rela tions with the United
States are expected to remain on a
fairly even keel in th e mon ths a head
- a necessary counterbalance to the
icy relations between Peking and
the Kr eml in. "The ba sic factors
whi ch brought the United Stat es
and China together: ' Secretary of
State Kissinger observed recently.
"are still opera ting a nd a re likely to
continue."
Peking will continue to seek im-
proved rel at ions with Washington .
most experts feel. but will not com-
promise on the question of Taiwan.
the main obstacle to full normaliza-
tion of Sino-American relations.
The Chinese Communi sts. who are
committ ed to t he ulti ma te " libera-
tion" (co nquest ) of Taiwan. want
the U.S. to sever its di ploma tic a nd
mili tary ties to t hat islan d nation .
Wash ington has so fa r refused.
Chinas increasingly frien dly re la-
tions with Ja pan - designed to keep
Tokyo from cult ivating closer rel a-
tions wit h the Kreml in - will also
certainly continue.
Chairman Hu a, however. is still
something of a myst er y. both inside
and outside China . Wh a t his per-
sonal vision for China and his long-
term pol icies might be remain to be
seen.
Eve n his durab ility is somewhat
in question. despite his apparent
grip on power at present. A "second
ge nerati on" leade r. he lacks the di s-
tinction of party seniority. He may
not even have been born when the
Chinese Co mmunist Party was
formed in 192 1.
Moreover. as some a na lysts sug-
ges t. the rad icals may be down . but
not out. Like earthquak es. politica l
convulsions are sometimes followed
by unpred ictabl e afte rshoc ks.
It may st ill be pre mat ure to make
any definite predictions about
China's futu re. But one thing is ce r-
tain. De velopments in Chi na - the
wo rld' s most populous nat ion and a
nuclear power of growing strength
- bear close scrutiny. There can be
little doubt that China will play a
significant role in de termi ning the
course of world hi story in the re-
maining qu arter of the twentiet h
century . 0
3
WOBLDWATCB
An Overview of Ma j or News Events and Trends
NATO'SNERVOUS
NORTH
Our correspondent in London, David
Price, reports on Moscow's mi litary
buildup in the Arctic Ocean area:
"The most important st rategic threat
to the Western alliance at present, "
ac cord ing to Gen eral Sir John
Sharp of NATO. is the buildup of
Soviet nava l and militar y forces on
Russia' s Kola penin sul a. j ust over
the bord er from the northern tip of
4
No rway. In this once-barren Arctic
region. the focus of which is the ma-
jor port of Murrnansk, the Soviet
Union has based a substantial part
of its na va l and strategic nuclear ca -
pa bility.
Besides two army di visions and a
naval infantry brigade. the Kola re-
gion is home base to a pprox ima tely
200 combat ships, 180 submarines,
200 na val patrol aircraft. 300 fight er
bom ber s, 2 batteries of middle-
range rock et s, a nd about 10 under -
gro und rocket-launchi ng pads. Th e
newly developed long-range Rus-
sian "Backfire" bomber is also
based on the Kola peninsula.
All in all, the Kola peninsula can
be described as the most heavi ly for-
tified region in the world, according
to NATO Secretary General Josep h
Luns.
Threat to Atlan tic Li nks
It is not j ust the size of the Arctic
arsena l that is worrying NATO offi -
ci a ls . With 70% of th e So vi et
Union' s strategic subma rine fleet
based there, a vital part of NATO
st rategy has had to be completely
reth ought.
In the past it was assumed that
with the naval preponderances of
the United States a nd NATO , Al-
lied forces would control the Atlan-
tic and the North Sea if Western
Europe were attacked. Th is ca nn ot
be so easily taken for granted today.
The main part of the submarine
fleet at Murmansk is designed for
the hunter-killer role, and together
wi th a fleet of 100 maj or surface
raid ers. it could sink Allied ships
carrying reinforcements and mi li-
tar y equipment to Europe from
No rt h America . NATO st ra tegy
calls for Allied troops to hold their
positi on s aga inst a Soviet attack in
the cr ucial period . unti l these rein-
forceme nts arrive. W ithout the vi ta l
Nort h Atl ant ic lifeline secured, an
invadi ng Ea st bloc army co uld
mak e a cl ean sweep across No rthe rn
an d Central Europe.
On the other side of the coin,
being based in the Arctic region has
a maj or disadvantage for the Soviet
surface ships. As winter setsin, the
fleet is confined to narrow fjords
con taining the ports of Pechenga
(for merly Finnish Petsarno) and
Murmansk on the short 70-mile
st retch of coast line that is ice- free.
Submarines, of course. are not as
rest ricted by the ice, but the large
fleet of 400 ships must be home por-
ted till the ice recedes.
As the Northern Fleet - the So-
viet Union's largest - burgeons in
size. Russian naval comma nders
must look covetously at Norway's
At lantic coastline indented with
deep-wa ter, ice- free fjords. No rway
wou ld be hard-pressed to defe nd
the region against Soviet intrusion.
With onfy 1.500 border gua rds and
a mo torized brigade of 5,000 sta-
tioned 500 kilometers away, ther e
would be litt le hope of offering
much resistance to the 50.000 Sovie t
troops stationed over the border.
Norwegian and Soviet se nsi -
tivities arc also very touchy where
their interests contlict hundreds of
miles awa y on the island of Spits-
bergen in the Svalbard archipelago.
Alt hou gh Nor wegian sovereignt y
was conceded in a 40-nation treaty
signed in 1920. all signatory nation s
(incl uding the Soviet Union) have
mineral ri ghts on the bleak, treeless
island.
Both Norwegians and Russians
are mining for coal , thou gh the Rus-
sians have twice as many men and
produce less coal. Th is toget her wit h
such swipes at Norwegian sov er-
eignty as refusing to license their
radio transmi tters, flying their own
helicopt ers without No rwegian li-
cense pla tes, using Soviet stamps,
and refusing to pay taxes have led
Norwegian offic ials to presum e the
Russians are trying to wrest contro l
of the island or at least estab lish
th emselves as the major co n-
dom ini um power.
Russia n interest in the isla nds is
understa ndable. Although no mi li-
tary bases are allowed on the is-
la nds. t he archi pelago lies i n a
strategic positi on which could moni-
tor interconti nen tal missiles taki ng
the shortest route between the So-
viet Union and the United State s
ac ross the Arc tic Ocean. The islands
al so lie at a key surveillance point
fo r the naval traffic in the Arct ic
Ocean and around the port of Mu r-
mansk.
The shift to Warsaw Pact supe ri-
ority along the northern European
front will no doubt become more
important as time go es on. .. 'It won't
rem ain the qu iet corner of the Al-
l ia nce." sa id Gen eral Sir John
Sharp recently. He predicted that
the north would come to the fore in
the next ten years. 0
THE NEXT
EMBARGO
After the oil embargo of 1973-74,
President Nixon. with muc h fanfare,
la unche d " Proj ect Ind epend ence,"
an ama lga m of government and pri-
va te effort s to make the Uni ted
Sta tes less dependent on Arab oil.
Today, however, the U.S. is more
dependent than ever on Arab oil,
and that dependence is growing.
This vulnerability has come about
largely because of Am erica's fai lure
to achieve any significant reduct ion
in energy consumpti on. or eve n in
the yearly rate of increa se in energy
consumption.
The ex tent of Am erica's reli ance
on imported oil can be illustrated by
the se fact s : Total de mand for oil in
the U.S. has reached the stagge ring
figure of 17.4 million barrel s a day.
But do mestically, the U.S. has bee n
prod ucing less tha n 10.2 million
barr els a day, and tha t fi gure is
steadily skidding downwa rd. It is all'
mor e than 13% from its 1970 peak.
Th is means about 7.2 million bar-
rels a day must be imported.
At the same time . demand is in-
creas ing to the point where the
American Petroleum Institute pre-
di cts that imports will go up to eight
mi llion barrels a day in 1977. In the
words of John H. Lichtblau of New
York's Petroleum Research Foun-
da tion : " Our vulnera bility io an
embargo increases eve ry day."
And not on ly is the U.S. import -
ing mo re oil , but mo re of that oil is
coming from potentially vulnerable
so urces. America's long- time steady
suppliers, Ca nada and Venezuela,
ar e now supplying proportionately
less of Am erica's oil - Can ada , be-
cau se it has decided to curtai l all oil
exports : Ve nezue la. be cause it "
wa nts to co nserve its oil and raise
the price .
The net effect is that the eco-
no mic positi on of the U.S. - and
the whole ind ustrialized world. for
that matter - remains extremely
precarious. London's Institute of
St rategic Studies has repeatedl y
warned that should another Middle
East wa r erupt, any ensuing oi l em-
bargo by the Arab states would lead
to "economic ruin" for the West.
The last embargo cost the U.S.
alone over $20 billion in lost GNP
and some 500,000 jobs. Current con-
gressional estima tes concl ude tha t a
six-mo nt h embargo would now cost
at least $55 billion and more than
1.5 mi llion jobs. Treasury Secretary
Willia m Simon says that the U.S. is
simply no t ready to withstand an-
ot her embargo, which would make
the last one seem "like a picnic."
Some experts already have a clear
idea of how the U.S. would respond
if Arab oi l states ever resort to an
embargo aga in. Says Lich t bl au :
"You could cut 2.5 million barrels a
da y of gasoline de mand by elimi-
nating nonessential driving. You
could cut 10% to 15% of our heat ing
oil co nsump tion and anoth er 15%
from electric utili ties. You co uld
curtail airline travel. But you 'd have
ma ssive unem ployment, gasoline
stations shuuing down by the thou-
sands, motels and resort s and eve ry-
thi ng that goes wit h it.. . . You
[would] creat e a di sastrous reces-
sion."
Commerce Secretary Elliot Rich-
ardson sounds even gloomier. He
says the results of another embargo
"could be literally catas trophic."
Under the worst possible circum-
stances - such as if there were com-
pa rative ly lill ie oil stored in the U.S.
when the embargo began - the
GN P loss cou ld soa r to an annual
rate of $ I70 billion, and up to 4.8
million jo bs could be lost.
Richardson has said that such a
harsh impact in terms of j obs and
economic growt h might force a fran-
ti c search for a "prompt int er-
nat ional so lution."
"Some, no doubt," add s Richard-
son, "would ar gue for abandonment
of our tradit ional support for the
state of Israel. Others would de-
ma nd forcefu l intervention again st
the Arabs. Eithe r course of action
cou ld fun damentally desta bilize the
internat ional balance of power and
threaten ultimat ely to involve the
Un ited State s in a major military
struggle."
Despi te the near total apathy with
whic h the American pub lic has re-
ceived the various warnings abo ut
the co untry's vulnerabili ty to an-
other emba rgo, the fact still remains
that the U.S. is importing more oil
than ever, and more of that comes
from the volatile Mideast. 0
5
I--
" Come only if you cherish freedom. Then you will be happy in America.
Here you read what you wish, and think what you will. "
- Vladimir Mat lin. Former Soviet citizen
THE
SOVIET JEWS
Making It in America
by Frances Halpern . Photos by Paul Slaughter
The subject of recent Jewish immigration to the United States from the Soviet Union has been largely overtooked by
the news media. The Jewish Federation Council does not publicize the arrivat of the immigrants. and the U.S.
government's only invol vement is to agree to tet them in. The Soviet Jews do not accept government aid in any form
and are supported and launched into American society solely by funds collected by Jewish federations around the
country. But now. as we near the end of America 's bicentenniat year. it is filt mg that this story of new " huddled
masses yearning to be free" be told. The aut hor is a free-lance writer living in the Los Angetes area. - The Editors
T
he huge jet touched down at
Los Angeles airport in an early
morning mist bringing to the
New World a group of Soviet
Jews. pawns in an international po-
litical drama which began when
6
they summoned up the courage to
seek exit visas in Russia. They've
left Moscow and ~ ' 1 insk. Odessa and
Kiev. They have bee n proc essed
and coun seled in Vienna and Rome.
and now they are in America. Refu-
gees. Most of them without funds. a
psychologically un prepar ed. propa-
gandized people from a police stale.
full of hope and anxiety. exulta tion
and fear. and many misconceptions.
Waiting for them are social work-
The PLAIN TRUTH December 1976 7
NEWL Y ARRIVED IMMIGRANTS counsel with Diane Ammund, head 01 the Jewish Family Service. Soviet Jews do not
quickly accept newspeople and photographers. and this family did not want thei r pictures taken.
crs and volunt eers from th e J ewi sh
Family Service of Los An geles. Two
cultures meet, tense as the y eye each
other. One hea rs words of welcom e
from th e Ameri can st ra ngers and
murmurs in Russian from th e refu-
gees. They are led to waiting ca rs,
a nd before the day is OUI . they are
sett led in apa rtments rent ed for
th cm by the Jewish age ncy.
Hesitant to Tal k
The immigra nts ha ve bee n a rr iv ing
in small fa mily grou ps fo r th e past
four years. a nd the Los Angel es ex-
peri ence is be ing rep eal ed in a num-
ber of large cities throughout th e
co unt ry.
Months later in a sma ll, spa rse ly
fur nished apartmen t. one of the
fa mi lies is will ing to talk ahout wh y
and what th ey left in Ru ssia a nd the
shoc k of entry int o a free-wheeling
Am erica.
The family ad mits they a re a ppre-
he nsive a bo ut an invitation from the
Rabbi to a tte nd a religious service
8
in the nearby synagogue. " May be
we won' t go." These new immi-
gra nts have"" not sought ou t the rel i-
gious community a nd are un sure of
th emsel ves in ant icipation of a n-
ot he r totally new ex per ience. Aft er
six months in Los An gele s. they
kn ow that the propaganda fed them
by the Soviet go ver nme nt was full
of terrible di stortions. but the y had
so me fantasi es of the ir own about
America which a lso proved to be
untrue. They a re sort ing it a ll out.
whi le str ugg ling wi th a difficult new
language.
While still in Moscow. th ey had
heard about sermo ns in American
sy n agog ues d ealin g wi t h thei r
pli ght. They were a ware o r Senator
Henry Jack son and his att empt to
tic trade dea ls to immigrat ion. Mes-
sages from Israel and Am eri ca en-
c oura g ed the r es t less Lc wi s h
mi norities to seek exit visas , Sepa-
rat ed from religiou s experience and
freedom of choi ce, but still identi -
fied as a sus pect "na tion al ity" in
the ir homeland. they responded to
t l ~ e ..a nc ie nt cry. " Let My Peo ple
( J(l .
For ye a rs, Isra el has enco urag ed
Jews cvery"..'he re to come home to
fu lfill the prophecy of return . In th e
last few yea rs. Jewi sh di ssidents
ha ve ste ppe d u p thei r prot est s a nd
Ru ssian intell ectua ls have so ught
more free do m for a ll Soviet citize ns.
Fo llowing detente and t rad e deal s. a
few or the Soviet Union's three mil-
lio n Jewish cit ize ns ha ve bee n
allowed to lea ve.
At first , just a few hundred wer e
permitted to leave. Then a few thou-
sa nd. By 1974 more than 100.000
had gott en out of Russia. most of
them going (0 Isra el.
Now. however . in eve r increas ing
per cen tages a nd for a va riety of rea -
so ns. Russian Je ws wh o are gra nted
exit visas are choos ing to live in the
United States and Canada . In 1971
only 290 Soviet Jews emi grated to
the Uni ted Stat es. By 1975 6.000
were making their homes in 22 ma -
TEACHER JUDY TONKA coaches Jack Gos is on English gra mmar. Gosis attended night classes for three months
before he master ed the language well eno ugh to get a jo b. At ri ght. 75-year-old Olga t. etevr listens intently.
j or Ameri ca n ci ties wh ere there arc
J e wish orga n iza tio ns wil ling to
co unsel and support them.
Ad ju sting to a Tot ally Di ffe rent Life
The dra ma tic attempt to re build the
lives of Ru ssi an J ews in an a lie n
cu lt ure is shepherded by J ewish
Fede ra tion Council (JFC) staff
I11C!l1 bers who arc struggling for and
oft en qua rreli ng with th em in the
battl e to integrat e. house, feed. and
find j obs lor the m in a sha ky Arneri -
can eco nomy. The fede ra t io n .
rounded more than 50 yea rs ago
a nd fu nded by Un ited J ewish Ap -
peal , is th e officia l organization
which guarantees to suppor t the ref-
ugees. who ca nnot accep t aid from
U.S. governme nt age ncies. lest their
sta tus as potenti al citizens be jeop-
a rd ized. Within da ys of th eir a rr iva l.
th e immigrants arc tot a lly involved
in a co nce ntra ted th ree-mon th pro-
gra m a imed primarily a t teachi ng
the m En glish a nd ge tt ing them jobs.
Fu nds for rent . food , a nd other
needs' are provide d a long wit h free
medi cal a nd dent al care during
those first th ree months. ......
Eac h fami ly is assigned a coun-
selor. wh o wit h th e hel p or vol un-
tee rs ( s ome R us s ian s pea ki ng)
gui de s th e immigrant s throu gh ori-
entat io n wor ks hops, i nt rod uces
them to the city's resources. schools.
and neighborhood s. list en s to per-
so na l problems. an d sha res i nfor ma -
tion abo ut everything fro m birth
control to how to shop in an Am eri-
ca n supe r ma r ket.
T he J ewish Vocat ion Serv ice of
J FC faces enormous headaches in
finding jobs for the immi grants who
believed th at the i r skills as scientists,
doc tors, eng ine ers. or management
executives would be in grea t de-
mand here. Howeve r. th eir Ru ssian
ed uca tion ofte n does no t meet spe-
cific Ame rica n curricular sta ndards,
and oppo rtunities to retrain are ex-
pensive and limi ted. The immi -
g ra n ts d o no t un d e rst and t he
concept or upward mobili ty. an d
they a rc shocked a nd bitt er when
they rea lize it co uld ta ke yea rs (if
eve r) be fore they ca n conti nue the ir
ca reers in the United States.
They a rc wa rned by the ir voca-
tiona l co unselor s that at the end of
the three- month orie ntation period
they must conside r a ny job which
co mes along. Bel ieving that they
will be trap ped in menia l work. they
arc often terr ified and be lligerent.
They have just left a country where
people are locked into jobs at an
ea rly age. a nd where soc ia l sta ndi ng
and the opport un ity to ea rn favors
from the gover nment (chauffeu red
cars, lu xu ri ous vaca t ion s. good
a partme nts) depend on job cla ssi fi-
cation.
Life in th e U.S.S.R.. say the im-
migrants. is fu ll of tension and pres-
sure. Sa la ries arc miserly. which is
why every ad ult in a fami ly mu st
wor k. Soviet jai ls a rc Iull or peopl e
who were caught stea ling in orde r to
supplement th eir sma ll incomes. A
fac tor y worker ea rns a n average of
9
140 rubles a mont h - approxi -
mately SI85 at t he official excha nge
rat e o f S I.3 2 to the r uble.
T he on ly wa y o ut of the me nial
j obs is higher educat ion. Com-
petit ion to ha ve one' s children ad-
mitt ed into the cr owded inst itu tions
and unive rsities is fierce. Bribes a rc
commonplace. and being a member
in good sta nd ing wi th th e Commu-
ni st Party helps. But J ews arc in-
creasingly finding that the university
doors a rc closing to them.
The Soviet stale encourages edu-
ca tion by providing stipends to st u-
dents. However. the aovcmrncnt
also manipulates the choice of ca-
reers for its citizens. I f the go vern-
ment decides it ne eds miners o r
engineers ra th er than j o urn a lists or
denti sts. money fo r st ud vi na den-
tistry or j ourna lism simply
or d isappears.
Mo bility is limited. A change o r
job. a mov e from one city to anot her
- or even fro m o ne apar tment to
a not her - ca nnot be accomplished
without off icial permissio n. In addi-
tion , d ropping out to ex plore
tions is dangerous behavior in th e
U.S.S. R. It is legall y a nd mora lly
wrong to he wit hout work. " Para-
sitism" is a n ug ly cha rge wh ich can
bring a j ai l term. When Jewish fam-
ili es seek exit visas, th ey find the ir
children' s positions at the un iversity
j eopardi zed. a nd they ma y lose their
j ob a nd sec pensions withdrawn
fro m thei r elderl y pa rents.
Out of o ne pressure cooker and
in to a not he r. th e immi gr ants arc not
always docil e a nd full..... of grat itude.
Some federa tion counselors refer to
th em a s " hosti le, borderi ng on pa ra -
no id." The Russians say t he agency
executives are j us t a not her bunch of
bure aucra ts. much like the ones
th ey fac ed in the U.S. S. R.
The im mig rants hav e difficulty
d istingu ishing between th e lim ited
a uthority of a n officia l of a vo lun-
teer institut ion like the Jewish Fed-
e r a tio n and the go v e r n m e n t
bureaucrats in th e Sovi et Union.
Since j obs depend on t hei r ability
to usc En gli sh . thcre is heavy pres-
sure on the immigrant s to lea rn the
lan gua ge quick ly. Th ey a tt e nd
schoo l Ii ve days a week for the lirst
month and t he n four night s a wee k
at a high school during thc next two
month s. T hey a rc especia lly fond of
10
one of t he ir teac hers, J udy To nka . a
25 -yea r-ol d I l unga ri a n refugee in
th is co untr y o nly eight ye ars. Her
ent husiasm inspires t hem - since
she lea rned Eng lish at the sa me
schoo l and now has a college de-
gree.
T he re is hu mor in t he cla ss al ona
wi t h the frus tra tion or having
lea rn everything so fast . J udy
Sam to use the wo rd angry in a
se ntence. He sa id. "Evcr',':' da y at
twel ve o'clock I ge t angry." Judy.
pe rplexed, di scovered he mean t
hungr y. Ol ga, a not her st udent sai d,
"All men ge t angry when hungr y: '
The cla ss broke up in laughter a nd
agreed t hat ang ry a nd hungry can
mea n th e sa me thi ng.
Duri ng the day in t his sa me high
school the children of the refugees
ta lk about how much be tte r the\'
like scho ol in America . T here is Ie;"
regimenta tion. school onl y five in-
stead of six days a week. a nd most
i m po rtant, {ree d o m t o make
choices, " \Ve ca n choose o ur ca-
reers. Ther e is no govern me nt to te ll
us what to st udy:'
"I Have Never Seen So Much Food"
It is sti ll amazing to the refu gees
that th ere arc so many choices t hey
ca n make to r themselves. T he 101-
lowing rema rks were made wit h the
unde rsta nd ing tha t they would be
recorded a no ny mo us ly. Fear lo r
relat ive s in Russia is one reason.
" In Russi a there is a saying. If
you cat we ll. yo u don ' t sleep well.
And if yo u sleep well. yo u don't eat
so well. Understa nd? " There foll ows
a tal c of black mark etecrin n as a
wav of life tor rnanv Soviet citizen s.
prices a re T wo
pounds of apples ca n cos t 53. a suit
of clothes S150. a pa ir of shoes 540.
W ith take-home pay or SIOO a
mont h, t he an.- rage Russian can' t
buy ne cessities. even though rent is
cheap and medical services and
ed uca tion arc free .
" Peo ple have to stea l in Ru ssia to
make a living. It cost s many rubles
to buy good me at the butcher keeps
in t he back of his sto re. Food is not
in such abund ance in U.S.S. R'"
"When I wal ked into America n
superma rket for fir st l ime, I could n' t
believe. I ha ve neve r seen so much
food in o ne place in my life . My
eycs were so big. I just wa lke d
a ro un d loo ki ng. loo king. po inti ng ,
to uc hi ng:'
Why is the bread so bad in
America'? In Soviet Unio n the bread
is ve.: ry good. I lerr ing too is bad
here . I mis s the her ring f r om
Odessa ." ....
" Russi a is a beautiful count ry
with lot s of la nd to grow food. "' 1
ca n' t understand why sho rt ages of
everything there. Long lines to bu y
fre sh fruit. It is a bad govern me nt.
They spoil a lowly land."
T hc rc"s plenty of vodka. The
Russia ns get vcry dr unk. fight in the
resta urants. On Sunday morning
there's no place to sit on the benches
in t he parks - so many slee ping off
dru nk . J ewish people don't drink
like that in U. S. S. R"
"Medic ine in Russia is free . Call a
doct o r. he comes quickly to ,yo ur
house. Thcv to ld us onlv mi ll ion-
aires in America can gel
" Medicine is free - but not so
good medici ne. Doct o rs no t tra ined
in t he Uni ted St a tes. People d ie
fro m had medicine in Russia . Too
many pa tients, hard to do good
med icin e t here. Docto rs cos t much
mon ey her e t hou gh : '
'"In Ru ssia I was a dent ist. Mv
rela tive wrote to me from America
and sa id I cou ld be rich work ing as
dent ist here. Now I lind I cannot be
a dent ist a t al l. I wa s going to se nd
111 0ncy to brin g more l;mil)' to Cali-
forn ia . I cr y much at ni ght a nd
wo rry abou t rny family in Russia ."
" I wa s a pediat rician for 20 yea rs.
Here I a m just a n ill iterate wo ma n
who can't even spea k properly the
langua ge. I must tell my chi ld ren
not to come. They too a re doct o rs.
but it is not possible for th em to
pract ice medicine here:'
" It wa s gett ing bad for us. No
fu t ure for Peo ple don' t be -
lieve he re in U.S. a bo ut Soviet aov-
ernrnent. Read Sol zhenitsvn. I{ead
abo ut j ails. work camps. Then you' ll
know about U.S.S. R'-
" It's a crazy govern me nt. They
don't let you be Je wish . a nd t he}
don' t let yo u not be Jewish . I ask ed
for visa . They take my j ob away."
VITALE EFROS, a lover 01 music,
handsome clothes. and Jewish cui-
ture escorts hi s daught er Angela
from the Jewish Center. where she
is learning about her heritage.
aIJJt[l
). :Ij-:
1
j
'J
11
December 1976
The PLAIN T R U T H ~ ~ ~ ~ = ~ : : : ~ ~ ~
- ~ ~
VIOLINIST Alex Treger practices for a concert wi th the Los Angel es Philharmonic Orchestra. A former student of
Davi d Oistrakh i n Moscow. Al ex was not allowed to take hi s violin ou t of Russia.
" Others besides J C\\l S wan t to
ge t out . They have nowhere to
turn . Man y good friends in Russia
- not only Jewish wou ld love to
leave."
" He re in Los Angel es everyone
pairs air. I am lonely. In Russia the
high school stude nts go aroun d in
grou ps. I miss t ha t. I mi ss my
friends: '
"The subway in Moscow is beau-
tiful. Why doesn't Los Angeles have
such a tran sportat ion?"
"The Soviet governmcnt has good
consti tut ion like in Amer ica. But
here the law works. In U.S.S. R,
mind cont rol is mor e important
th an law."
Childhood Dr eam Fulfilled
Fo rmer Sovi et journa list and screen
wri ter Vladimir Matlin and his wife
Anna. who pr actic ed law in Russia.
are wi lling to talk openly. " I want
the people in th e Soviet Union as
well as the immigrants already here
to unde rsta nd why we ca me to
12
America:' says Matlin. "Come on ly
if you cherish freed om. You will be
ha ppy here then. In Russia there is
no free dom in politics. no freed om
fo r intellect . No rel igiou s life. No
Je wish life. They check yo ur behav -
ior. and they want to know always
wha t is in your mind. It may be
hard for us now in America. but we
can read wha t we wish a nd think
wha t we will:'
The Marlins were successfu l in
Ru ssia. They owned their a partmen t
in Moscow (run like American con-
domi niums). But. Matlin savs he
dream ed of America since he was a
child and came at the first oppo rtu-
nit y. Anna talks a litt le about the
pr act ice of law in Russia. "Training
is not up to American sta nda rds.
and there are govern ment lawyers
and priv ate lawyers. The govern-
ment lawye rs. prosecuto rs. a nd
j udges arc usua lly not Jewish. Only
the pri va te lawyers who defend ac-
cuscd persons tend to he Jewish."
she exp lains.
Their 17-year-old daugh ter Ma-
rina loves Los Angeles. the sun-
shine . " and school is a litt le bit
easier here than in Moscow:' she
says ha pp ily, She leaps to answer
the ringin g phone and her fathe r
sighs and says. "She thinks she is
gro\\'n woma n:' Marina's mot her
adds , "Maybe there is a litt le too
mu ch freed om for you ng peo ple
her e?"
For another family. in Los Ange-
les j ust three months. the sac rifices
they made to get out of Russia and
the frantic, fruitless sea rch for jobs
for fam ily members had mad e them
anx ious and ner vo us and ca use d
them to won der if they did the right
th ing. In Russia. the mother was a
practicing dentist and the father a
successful construct ion engineer.
Thei r tee n-age daught ers attende d
school where they did not ad mit to
cla ssmat es they were Je wish.
One da ughte r says. " In Russia
I' m afra id to tell I am Jewish. I
don ' t look like Jewish, I hea r other
students in school say had things
a bout Jews. I feel hurt inside and I
don't even know really what is a
Jew. Here I can learn. Here I wear
the Star o f Da vid."
Price Tag for Freedom - $30,0001
Rel uct ant to release ed uca ted , pro-
d ucti ve ci tizens from her often bitter
embrace. the Soviet government
makes it dangerous and very ex-
pensive to seek exit visas. You could
become a n otk azniki (refuse d ). lose
yo ur j ob. and be la beled a pa rasi te
and a target of the KG B. However .
one fa mily a pp lied for their visas
du ring a soft pe riod (N ixo n wa s in
Ru ssia) . a nd things moved a long
q uickly. Jack, a fact ory man a ger.
and his wife Bela, a music teacherat
the Moscow Cons ervatory. were
granted exit visas along with their
daughter Ludmi lla. he r husba nd Al-
exander. a concert violinist. and
their baby Victoria, now four years
old.
They we re cha rge d th e reg ula r
head tax of a lmost $ 1.000 for each
adult. In addition the government
figured that the Moscow University
ed uca tion tha t Lud milla a nd Alex
had recei ved was wort h $25. 000.
The fa mily sold ev erything they
owned of value. including house-
hold goods. a nd pai d th e $30.000 to
ge t out. A real heart ach e for them
was the government not allowing
Alex to ta ke his violin with hi m.
Someone offered to smuggle it out.
but the instrument was never re-
trieved.
T he fa mily first went to Isra el.
and the n immigrated to Det roi t.
They a ll ca me to Los An gel es whe n
Alex, who had been a student of the
renowned violinist. David Oi stra kh ,
successfully a ud itioned I,,, th e Los
Ange les Phi lha rmonic Orche stra.
Alex says he was nervous when he
reali zed he would be competing
against 35 other violinists. Jack
turned do wn a j ob o ffer from a Ca-
nadian firm because it would be un -
thinka bl e for him a nd Bela to be
pa rt ed fro m t hei r ehild re n a nd
gr a ndc hild.
Their greatest joy has been th e
birth of Ludmi lla's second child
wh om th ey na med Richard Mi-
chae!. "First American citizen in
family," says grandma Bela. "I s it
pos sible fo r such a chi ld to be presi-
dent?" she asks. "Has there ever
been a Jewish president'? " Bela l'a-
resses the baby's lingers. "Perhaps it
is be tte r he sho uld be violinist like
his pa pa ."
These arc not bloodied refugees
lleeing from grinding poverty and
da ily physica l dan ger. These a re
pe ople who gave up ca reers. family.
a nd friends. Why?
"What ca n I tell you?" says Vi-
tale, a lively young Russian who is
crazy about Americanjazz and Jew-
ish fol k melod ies. mu sic he co uld n't
hea r in the U.S.S. R. " In Russia
everyone must carry identification
papers. and whenever you have to
sign a nything, they ask three qu es-
tions: Last name. first name. nation-
a lity. An d no ma iler if you have
never even been in a synagogue.
yo u have to say Jew."
The Soviet government census
lists citizens according to nation-
a lities dep endi ng on where in the
U.S.S. R. their ance stors came from.
There are Russians. Georgians. Ta-
tars, Lithuanians. Ukranians, Arme-
ni a n s. a n d Mol d a vi a ns a mo n g
oth er s - a nd Jews. A Jew cann ot
claim an ancestral home in Russia
no matter how many centuries he
bas bee n th er e.
Vi ta le had listen ed to Voice o f
Amer ica for years. " Not for poli tics.
fo r music," he says. He left the So-
vie t Union last year wi th his bea u-
tiful wife, Ali a , an ac tress. and their
four-year-old da ught er Angela. The
on ly thi ngs th ey brought wit h th em
we re ph on ogra ph records and some
family photogr aphs. Vitale was a
$ 130-a- mo nth engineer in a fact ory
wh ich made ship and pl an e engi nes.
Along with his love of mu sic, he
say s he likes to design a nd mak e
clot hes. He is plea sed with a n awa rd
he ea rned at a Moscow fash ion
show for his creation of men's suits.
"Oh, bu t Amer ica has the most
be a utiful clothes in the world," he
ad ds.
Vitale's mother. a violinist. and
hi s fat her, a ret ired doctor , a re st ill
in Russia. Bot h Ali a an d Vital e lost
t heir jobs when they a pp lied for ex it
visas. a nd the family had to hel p
them ra ise the $2,000 for the head
ta x a nd the fare they needed to get
out. They chose Los Angel es, think-
ing th at Ali a might li nd work as a n
ac tre ss. One of the best students in
the English language class. she IS
de te rmi ned to lea rn qu ickly,
Pawns in Superpower Politics
Journalist Matlin says it is a ridicu-
lo us, but very complex situation for
t he Jews of Ru ssia. "They don' t
a llow yo u to be Jewish religiously,"
he explains. " no Jewish teachers.
one synagogue in Moscow. a city of
500,000 J ews. Th e cons ti t uti on
states it is against the law to make
racial slurs. but there is such hatred
for Jews. The govern ment wants 10
know who they a re and where th ey
arc at all times."
Resea rch psychologists Vladimir
and his wife, Victor ina, have been in
Los Angeles eight months. " In Russia
we were slaves, pawns to be sold and
excha nged." It is distressing to th is
co uple who de scribe th e feeling of
being sold. " We talk of trade a nd
de ten te between U.S.S. R. and Unite d
Sta tes. Wha t ha ppens? U.S.S.R. sells
Jews. So ma ny Jews for so much
tra de. " They ca me to Los Angeles
with the ir son An dre and Vladimir's
moth er Olga . They a re working a t
UCLA on Ford gr a nts which will be
running out soon.
Vladi mi r, tugging a t his forehe ad
in sea rch of the English words, says,
" You must understand. In Russia it
is not so bad if yo u are meek citizen.
Do not quarrel with government.
Joi n Communist party. If you a nnoy
th e gov ernmen t, you ca n be sent to
mental instituti on ." They descr ibe a
friend's condition after his return
from such a hospital. "Something
was done to his mind. He was sick
wit h fea r, suspicious of everyth ing
and everyone."
Rabbi Zvi De rshowitz of Los An-
geles Sina i Temple visited the So-
viet Union rece ntly and descr ibed
wha t he found: "An impossible situ-
ation for anyone wanting pri vacy
and freedom from fear. I am con-
vinced th at my wife and I were fol -
lowed a nd bugged wherever we
we nt," said the Ra bb i. The Soviet
government wants to know which of
th eir citizens is talki ng to a ra bbi
from Ameri ca. The secret police are
eve rywhere. He sa id Jews were ha r-
assed if they a tte mpt to speak out or
get out. Telephones are cut off; ele-
vators break down. Everyone won-
ders who's the KG B spy in th e
a pa rt ment building. who it is in the
13
factory. at the office, o r in the school
room. Who's pok ing in the mail?
On Saturday morning th e st reets
surro unding the o nly synagogue in
~ Moscow are filled with Jewi sh citi-
ze ns seeking informat io n they ca n
be li eve about wha t's going on in the
world , a nd th e streets arc als o filled
with police trying to fi nd out wha t
th e Jews are finding out. Inside the
synagogue o ld men and wo men
pray. The yo unger ones stay out-
side. Th e few reli giou s leaders arc
referred to as "Red Rabbis." They
and the ir ass istants are looked upon
as the government's crea tures and
not to be trusted . "They arc chosen
by the govern me nt and approved by
the governme nt:' say the Russian s.
"A Sovi et Jew knows what he is
running from whe n he decides 10
lea ve," ex pla ins Rabbi Der showit z,
" b ut he also leav es the ce rta inty of a
j ob and a pension of 90% o f his
sa lary at retir ement age. He esca pes
regimentat ion . and he sacrifices
security. This is not always an ea sy
choice ."
Impact of the
Czechoslovakian Invasi on
Two world-s haking mili tary events
affected the attitude s and actions of
Russians desperate for more liberty
for th emsel ves a nd thei r fe llow
co untrymen. according to Rabbi
Dershowitz a nd Vladimir Matlin. A
new pri de in Isr ael following th e
stu nn ing defea t th e Arabs suffered
in the 1967 Six-Day Wa r resulted in
an upsurge of Zionism in the Soviet
Union. A year later Sov iet armored
di vi sions occ upied Cz echo slovakia.
bruta lly crushi ng the Czech govern-
men t's att empts to create "co mmu-
nism wit h a human face." Shock
gripped th e liberals in Ru ssia, ac-
co rd ing to Mat lin, and they reali zed
the ir own dreams of a free r Soviet
so cie ty were dead.
Jews. see ing the future looming as
oppressi ve as eve r, stepped up their
de mands to be let out of Russia, an d
a ca pr ic io us government began
cracking down on all disside nts
again. Because of Zio nist acti vity.
the average Sovie t Jew was sus pect
- no ma tte r wha t he did or thought.
It was ge lli ng more difficult than
ever for young Jews to enter the
uni versities beca use the gove rnment
fe lt there was "no se ns e educat ing
14
Jews. They' ll only run off to Isra el
or America ." So with measures ge t-
ling more re pressive, more .! C\I,.'S
so ught exit visas. As more exi t visa s
were sought and the government
lost 1 ~ I C C . still further repr essive
measures were enacted. The cycle
co ntinues to th is day.
The Emigration Process
When th e Soviet s give a family per-
missi on to lea ve (sometimes after
del ayin g for yea rs), th e head ta x
and fa re to Vienna is acc umulated,
By the time th e fa mi ly ge ts to
Vienna, th ey a rc ge nera lly with out
funds. The Unit ed Hebrew Immi-
gra tion Aid Society ( HIAS), an or-
ganiza tion dedicated to relocating
refuge es. assumes finan ci al respon-
si bility. Lat er when th e family is on
its feet again, th ey arc expected to
pa y back th e money exte nde d . The
immigrants go on to Rome where
the processin g and waiting can be
any whe re from a few weeks to many
months . Her e co unse l i ng beg ins
about America. and here too is
whe re a suspic ious Soviet Jew. lied
to all his life abo ut governme nt o ffi-
ci al s. has to begin to learn to trust a
new se t of offic ia ls.
" One th ing th ey a re likely to be-
lieve," says Di ane Arn rnund, head
of the Soviet di vision of Jewish
Family Se rvice in Los Ange les . "are
th e fa nt asies about life in ' Ho lly-
wood' imparted to a Ru ssian Jew by
an Itali an co unse lor!" Th e age ncy
has tried to so lve th e problem by
sending on to Rome new informa -
tion about the reali ties of life in Los
Angeles wri tte n by sta ll' a nd forme r
Soviet Jews now livin g in ' Ho lly-
wood.' "
They arrive in Los An gel es a nd
America a littl e bett er prep a red
now, b ut s ti ll ree li ng fr om the
trauma of del ivering themselves
fro m a reg ime nted society into a
permissive cu lture. and the n havi ng
to rely so completely on the Jewish
Federatio n Counci l fo r guidance,
and fina lly struggling to fi nd the
road to independence. "They a re by
na ture a dema nding and aggressive
group ." says Ms. Ammund . "They
had to be to get out of th e Soviet
Union."
Now the y arc beginni ng to o rga-
nize se lf- hel p co mmi ttees. Those im-
pa tient with th e Jewish Federation
Counc il have created the Society o f
Former Sovie t Je ws. Th ey arc work-
ing with Los Angeles businessman
Si Frumki n. an organizer of the
Sout he rn California Counci l fo r So-
vie t Jews. which was respon sibl e fo r
the "Save Soviet Jewry" banners.
the ca ndle lig ht march es. lett ers and
visi ts to Russia, and a gene rally ac-
tiv ist approach . Frumki n is crit ical
of the federatio n. say ing tha t they
alo ng with the Israel i government
had opted for a sf", (quiet) poli cy.
be lie vin g that publicity would bri ng
reprisal s against Jews in the Sovi et
Unio n.
Lea rning to Live Without Fear
Things a re ha pp en ing in the Jewish
re ligiou s co mmunity also. Rabb i
De rshowitz, chai rman. and the board
of ra bbi s of Los Angel es took formal
ac tion aimed at reaching o ut to the
refugees. A coordina ted effort among
all synagogues will begin to offer
membership to the immi grant s. en-
co urage enroll me nt of their chil dren
in the Heb rew schools. and invol ve
t he Ru ssians ge nera lly in th e life of
the syna gogue.
So . some of the po litica l pawns
are here - slaves so ld ou t o f bo nd-
age. A few arc gi ngerly fee li ng
around the edges of free do m, lea rn-
ing to make cho ices. Some like Ma t-
li n have j umped r ight int o th e
mi dd le of freedo m. a ll bri dges
bu rned. The refugees are still sus pi-
c ious , fea r f u l, co pin g , mak i n g
friends. earning a few ene mies. The
game of poli tical ma neuvering goes
on among th e world's leaders. Refu-
gees become face less sta tis tics.
" We' ll give you 35,000 Jews. Wha t'll
yo u give us in retu rn?" So much
tr ade for so ma ny Jews - a political
reali ty.
Rea lity is al so two women talking
to each o ther. One is a Russian im-
migran t: the oth er is an American .
A favor was needed. and a favo r
was done. The Russian lady. her
vo ice filled with emoti on , sa id, " If
only I had the Engli sh words to tell
my thanks. I have so many Ru ssian
words 1know to say."
"Say them." said the Ameri can
lady. " I wi ll un dersta nd wit h my
heart. "
"I wish Sov iet governme nt would
listen wi th heart ." replied the refu-
gee lady. 0
I
ntlation should 11 m \' be added to
dea th an d ta xes. Was there ever a
time when prices weren't con tin-
ua lly skipping up an eternal incl ine"
Economi sts tell us that. yes. back in
th e dee pe st pre- Keynesi an d ay s
prior to 1932. prices actually weren't
always going up. Most of us ali ve
now. hov..'eve r. have never known
such cond ition s. and those who have
ca n also remem ber othe r suc h a nte-
diluvian phen omena as prohi bit ion.
raccoon coa ts. a nd spea kea sies.
Inflat ion. in short . is wit h us La
st ay . The intelligent thing to do
would be to try to make the best of
it.
The knee-jerk resp.on se to in-
nation on the part of many august
authorities in the wor ld of personal
fina ncia l he lp is to recommend any
number of assor ted. esoteric. and
ot he rwise elab ora te combi na tions of
invest ments in gold. stocks. silver. or
like as not, Swiss fra ncs and Eu-
robonds. This line of approach.
however. presumes that those in
need of their advice have enough
money already to make it worth-
whil e to study the intricacies of for-
eign currencies or commodity
opt ions . Most of us. however. arc
not yet in the monetary big leagu es.
Our approach must be a hit less
esot er ic.
oInvest in Yourself
The premier st rateuv for coping
with inflation is. if to invest
in one's self. In essence. the idea
translates into some sort of voca-
tiona l t ra ining. Instead of plopping
down one's hard -ea rned cas h on
The f amous economist, Lord
Keynes, when asked about the
l ong-range effects of his policies,
answered: " In the long run, we're
all dead. " Well, the long run is
here now, and those of us who
are still around have to live in a
world of continually rising prices.
This means the smart consumer
will know the steps to minimize
the impact of inflation on his
pocketbook.
so me "can't-miss" commodi ty op-
tion or hot stock. one can spend the
money on acquiring a marketable
skill.
Most individuals in the U.S. a nd
Ca nada have some sort of higher
ed uca tion open to them. At local
colleges. ma ny of which arc ex-
tremely low in cost. one ca n lear n
accounting . drafti ng. engi neering.
bu siness management. finance. or
paramedical work. all of which are
in high demand these days. Or. at
local trade and voca tional schools.
one can become proficient in auto-
motive repair. mac hi ne shop opera-
tio ns. woodwork. upholst ery work.
or a ny nu mb er of othe r lines of
work.
If one can acq ui re a good job.
one's \vages will tend to incre ase as
prices go up. Of course. some jobs
do better than others. but in a mod-
ern economy. even most low-pay ing
jobs sec continual cost-of-living
wage Increa ses.
One must remember that it isn't
ed uca tion per se, but education
by Jeff Calkins
lcading to employmen t which COI1-
st it utcs a bona fide " investment."
E)s uy a House
Traditionally. both the U.S. and
Canada have been graced with a
tremendous amount of open space.
This over-abunda nce of land kept
the price of real estat e. an d hence of
housing. rela tive ly low. Even today.
she lter - one of man' s pr ima ry
needs - still costs less in No rt h
Amer ica than it docs in Europe or
Ja pa n.
Today. however. constr uct ion
costs. la bor costs. government regu-
lations. and the internal dynamics
of the rea l estate market have
jacked the prices of homes beyond
the reach of many fami lies. Wh a t' s
worse. it is another vicious cycle. As
more a nd more peop le buy homes
at infla ted pr ices. they are forced to
sel l their homes for mor e than they
pa id for thcm in order to be able to
buy their nex t home.
The net effec t is that housing has
become a nece ssary investment if
one can afford it: the hitch being
that the appreciation of one's invest-
ment will probably bc ea ten up by
the higher price of one's nex t dwe ll-
ing place. (In the U.S.. ther e is a
ca pita l gains tax on the profit one
makes from selling one's home for a
hig her price than one pai d for it.
The only way to get out of it is to
buy anot her house. The law. of
course. causes the continued in-
flation in real esta te values because
money which might have been
spent elsewhere is pumped back
into the ho using market. )
15
The mo ra l to the story is that in
order to meet thei r basic need for a
pl ace to live, a famil y ou ght to bu y a
house or condo minium. Besides the
rise in the va lue of one's property,
th er e are lax advantage s: On e can
deduct the mortga ge int erest and
property taxes from on e's taxabl e
income. Furthe rmo re, by bu ying a
house. one ca n sta bilize for a peri od
of 30 yea rs the amount of money
which mu st go for housing ea ch
month. ( Unfortuna tely. one ca n' t
sta bilize one's pr op erty tax.) It is the
only way to insul a te one's famil y
fro m bein g a t the mercy of a land-
lord. whose own costs are always
risin g.
E) Mobili ze the Whole Fa mily
Throughout most of hist ory. wives
have worked, usually a longs ide their
husban ds in the fields, in an agrar-
ian economy. The industrial revolu-
tion, however. produced sufficient
' prosperity which, when combined
wi th the Victori an tendency to put
women on a pede st al. led to an in-
cre asing tendency fo r non working
wi ves.
Gener all y, the fact that a wife
doesn 't have to compete in the la bor
market is a great blessing to a fa m-
ily. Many, if not most women, in-
trinsi cally pr efer the wo rk of a
hou sewife to the work of. say, a ste-
nogr a ph er or a n accou nta nt. A
housewife ge ne rally ha s much more
control of her dail y sched ule, much
more time to atte nd to the busines s
of the fami ly's needs. an d mor e time
to pursue interests or hob bies than
does her husband, who is generally
regimented on an eight-to-five
tre admill, in lockstep wit h the rest
of his economic peers.
Inflat ion , however, IS forcin g
more a nd more wome n to excha nge
the free r hours and greater control
ove r th ei r da ily sched ule which
characterize the work of a housewife
for th e extra mon ey of a second in-
come.
Havi ng the wife go back to work
is one maj or way of coping wit h
inflation. However. it is a de cision
which should n' t be made without
cog ni za nce of the costs which will
inevitab ly accompany the decision:
- The re will be less time for cook-
ing and household cho res.
16
- If ther e are children, there will
be complica tions. Is a day-care ce n-
tcr reall y worth it? Recent st ud ies
contradict eac h other on the qu es-
tion of whe ther da y-car e centers
harm the devel opment of chi ldren .
Is the ex t r a money wo rt h the
cha nce?
- There may be sched uling p rob-
lems, work shifts which a re di ffer-
ent. or vaca t io n sc hed ul es t o
coordinat e.
- The re may be ext ra costs in the
way of a second car or extr a cloth es
which will eat int o the wife's ea rn-
Ings.
If a famil y sti ll decid es that they
need a second income. it may be
wise to examine the wife' s skills to
see if ma ybe it wou ldn 't be smar ter
for her to go to a loca l college first
(see stra tegy one) so that she can get
a better j ob when she does go out
looking.
oWise Borrowing
Somewhe re around 1973. whe n in-
nat ion had been around aw hile.
people ca me to a str ange con-
elu sion : Si nce one pays back loans
in depreciated dollar s. inflation fa-
vors borrowers over lenders and.
therefore, one oug ht to go into debt
as deeply as possibl e.
The re's on ly on e cat ch : It doesn't
work. Or more precisely, it on ly
works when the inflat ion rat e yea rs
down the line is eve n mor e ghastly
t han origina lly contemplated. But if
tha t's the case, it may be a Pyrr hic
victory to be ablc to payoff one 's
car loa n with petty cash at a ti me
whe n the origi na l price of the car
won't eve n fetch a jar of peanut but-
ler.
Mon eylender s aren't dumb. They
arc not in the business of loaning
out valuable do llars in the ho pes of
ge tt ing back less val ua ble do llars.
Th ey ar e in the business to make
money. Tha t mean s that they calcu-
late the highest reasona ble inflation
likel y to occur before you pay back
yo ur loan and thcn add that on LO
thei r regu lar int erest rat e.
Interest costs arc a form of in-
nation , not a cheap way of bea ting
it. Th erefore, it makes sense to limit
one's borrowing as much as pos-
sible. A loan to finance vocational
educati on (strategy one. again) ca n
yield high profit if it nets a good job.
It only pays to borrow whe n one
is going to buy someth ing anyway.
and its price is almost certain to go
up . Th en it pays to buy "now."
Ot herwise. borrowing is only spec u-
lating that inflati on wi ll be even
greater than the mon eyl ender thinks
it wi ll be .
e Cos t Culli ng
Economists arc fond of poin ting out
that , unl ess there' s some horrible
monopoly a t work , ther e are sub-
stit utions we make for most of the
th ings we buy - subs tit utio ns which
ca n save mon ey.
Food : Ty pica l substitutions are
cheese. eggs. or beans for meat ,
one 's own labor inst ead of goi ng out
to a restaurant. or chea per for mor e
ex pen sive brand names.
Transpo rta tion: Car poo ls or pub-
lie transport ation can cut car cos ts.
Medi cal care: A good di et. exer-
cisc, and proper da ily ca re of one' s
teet h ar c cheap substitu tes for ex-
pensive med ical or dental bills.
The su bst itu tion rul e takes the
form of a gene ral question one ca n
as k onesel f in most economi c trans-
ac tions: "Can I get the same th ing
chea per elsewhere? Can I get some-
th ing else for less money which will
do the sa me job?"
oPrioritize Option s
Eve ry fami ly's budge t consists of
varyi ng proport ions of the same
t hi ng s : h o u s i n g. fo od . t ra n s-
po rt ation, recrea tion. cloth ing. rned-
ical , and grooming expenses. Wh ere
our own indi viduality comes in is
the "mix" or proporti on or our
mon ey which we al locate to these
various areas. Specifically. we ought
to know what we' ll give up first
when the budget gets tight.
One should ask oneself. "Wha t
am I willing to give up in order to
keep what I wa nt? Buy a smaller
hou se so I can keep my car? Eat
beans instea d of mea t so I ca n pay
the ren t? Drive a small subcompact
so I can run the air conditioni ng?"
These are questions which only
we as individuals ca n answer. How
much is living in an ai r condi tioned
hou se worth? Enough to give up a
are beautiful - but SEX? That's not
bea utiful . Don 't press it. He'll thi nk
it' s beautiful soon enough. Then
you' ll have a whole new set of prob-
lems.
In contrast to the deductive rea-
soners, some kids don't hesitate to
ask abo ut the birds and the bees the
first time the quest ion occurs to
them. One inq uisitive seven year old
I know pressed her mother unti l all
the cards were on th e table. In re-
spo nse to the wide-eyed , rat her
alarmed . expression on her child's
face, the woman, feeli ng a litt le ri-
diculous, defended herself wi th " It's
not as crazy as it sounds: '
"Do you have a baby every time
you do it?" the little girl inqu ired
furt her.
"No," her mother repli ed.
" You mean if you don 't get one
you have to kee p trying?!"
Though she was disturbed by her
da ug hte r' s a tt i t ud e, t he yo ung
woman could think of no answer
but " Yes."
The astounded child pa tted her
mot her on t he shoulder and whis-
pered, " Boy! Were you lucky!"
As I said, sex j ust doesn' t sound
appea ling t he first time you hear
abo ut it. It' s one of t hose things that
kind of grows on you.
Introducing Sex to Young Children
In the case of really young children
(ages 3 to 5) who ask where they
came fro m and how they got he re,
it's usua lly best to remember not to
go overboa rd. A one-line answer is
~ f t e n enough, Tots don' t enjoy con-
centrating for too long on somethi ng
that , to t hem, is entirely abstract,
and they will simply tune out you r
effo rts at biological explana tions
and nomenclature. A brief answer is
not necessari ly an evasive one, any
more than the reply, " Fine, than k
you: ' is incompl ete as a response to
the greeting. "How are yo u doing?"
More importa nt than an elaborate
answer is a clear understanding of
the quest ion . Listen carefully to
your child, and make sure you know
what's being asked.
A woman I know was alarmed
when her four-and-a-half-yea r-old
son tramped int o the kitchen with a
big smile and a qu estion on his lips.
" How did you and daddy get me?"
Feeli ng un prepared, the young
ThePLAIN TRUTH October 1976
mother froze . Then, wantin g desper-
ately to do the right thi ng, she took
her little boy by the hand, sa t him
down at the dining-room table and
began an A to Z account of his bio-
logical origins, pictures included.
Not being th e world' s great es t
draftsman and also bein g less than
an expert on the precise shape and
location of the int ern al reproducti ve
orga ns she was trying to draw, the
well -meani ng woman became quite
absorbed in what she was doi ng and
didn't notice that her son was no
longer sitti ng next to her. When she
did realize he was gone, it took her
twen ty minutes to find him where
he had fallen asleep under the din-
ing-room table.
The next time the little boy asked
Making love and conceiving
and raising children is
not something one does
for fun at one's own
convenience.
his mother how she and his daddy
had made him, she replied, without
looking up from the stew she was
stirr ing on the stove, " We just loved
each other so much that God gave
us a ba by to love some mor e." Co m-
plet ely satisfied, the litt le boy went
outside and rod e his trieyle around
t he bl ock nin e tim es until hi s
mother called him in fnr dinner.
As I've said befor e, kids are hon-
est, aod they appreciate honesty in
ot hers. But part of t he skill of com-
municating with young chi ldren is
real izing what and how much is
being asked , saying wha t needs to
be said, and no more.
I have one more. rather sentimen-
ta l feeling conce rning how to impa rt
informat ion ahout sex to yo ung chil-
dren. I know this is old fashioned,
roma ntic, and very personal , but I
am sure that it is a thought shared
by man y. It hothers me tha t any
ex plana tion of how the mal e sperm
ferti lizes the fema le egg is likely to
have a blan k and clinical ring to it.
The re' s not much yo u can do about
it reall y. The facts are the facts, and
as I said before, insisting that sex is
beauti ful won't help. But per ha ps
there is some way for the magie and
wonder of sex ual intimacy to be-
come visible through the attitude
and demeanor of whoever's doing
the talking.
I always admir ed a remark made
by a Sunday school teaeher whose
tent h-grade class scoffed at the con-
cept of th e virgin birth. He repl ied
ca lmly to his students that as ide
from the fact that a virgin birth had
occ urred only once in the hist ory of
the world, to him the conception
and birth of everyone in the class-
room and the ent ire world was no
less ast ounding, mysteri ous, and
miraculous.
Sex. Love, and the Teen-ager
Adoleseence is a whole new ball
game. Those in-between years tend
to be awkwa rd and painful not only
for the ga ngling youth himsel f but
a lso fo r everyo ne around him .
Al arming glandular changes trans-
for m his body, which he begins to
behold as something stra nge and
separate and something over which
he has littl e contro l. And wha t, the
tee n-ageT wonde rs, are these feel-
ings toward members of the oppo-
site sex? The facts learned a few
years ago on daddy's knee begin to
seem. if not beauti ful. inevitable, in-
ten se, and urgen t.
Whether we like it or not , it' s a
fact that an increasingly high per-
centage of today' s school kids have
had conside rable sexua l expe rience
by the time they gradua te - experi-
ence whic h in many cases began as
early as j unior high. I have no sta tis-
tics to quote in regard to whe ther
thi s earl y sexua l ac tiv ity makes
people happier, unh appier, or ne i-
ther. To be frank, t his is a subject
about whi ch I claim littl e or no ob-
jectivity, My opinion is very simple,
I think sex is for peopl e who are
married to each other.
My birt h was the result of an acci-
dent or indiscretion during a pre-
marit al affair carried on by my
parents. whom I never knew. When
it ca me time for me to be born, my
mother and father drove to a small
Canadia n town called Moose Jaw.
The re I was del ivered, put up for
ado ption, and rai sed by a fine man,
the Re veren d Mr. Link let t er.
Though I never met my true par -
17
In today's economy, financial
worries are a growing source
of frustration to millions.
Money may not be everything,
but most of us feel we'd be a
lot happier if we had a little
more of it. This article dis-
cusses one way to move
ahead on the financial tread-
mill: Get a raise.
J
oe Fa rmington was worri ed . " I
do n't know wha t we'r e zo ina
to do:' he confided to his'
Jeanie. " I f we don't gel more money
comin g in. we' re !!oing to have
meet ing house pay-
ment s. OUf car insura nce has gone
through the roof. and I reall y ca n't
see how we can a fford a ny new
clothes for the kids thi s year."
For million s of mi ddl e-cl ass citi-
zens . suc h financia l concerns are a n
in creas ing so u rce of angui sh . It
seems almost everybody is strug-
gling to earn more. j us t to keep his
sta nda rd of living on pa r with wh at
he had the previous year. Especially if
yo u have a growing fam ily. stay ing
even with last year's life-styl e ca n
on ly be done by signi fica ntly increas-
ing thi s yea r's pa yc heck . It' s a game of
surviva l of the fittest , a nd the ever
pr esent wa ge-price spiral is a n un -
mer ciful a nta gonist .
To ward off the vo racious wolf of
infl ati on . seve ra l stra tegies may be
effective: learn to manage yo ur fi -
nances more wisely. live on less
money. begin putti ng pr inciples of
success int o practice. et c. Such tech-
niques may be tempora rily helpful.
but manv reach a sta ee where the
only thing th at will s'Olve thei r fi -
nancia l dilemma is more money.
How ca n they ge t it'? They migh t
begin tr aini ng for a higher-paying
profession or pursue an advanced
degree. But this req uires time - and
money.
Ac tua lly. one of the fast est ways
(0 bol ste r yo ur earnings - other
than by robbing a bank or inher -
iting mon ey from Howard Hu gh es
- is to obtain a ra ise.
Going After a Raise
Wh at can you do to ge t a raise?
Some have a tt empted eve rythi ng
from offer ing sexua l fa vors to their
18
boss to blackmail. making threats.
o r initi ating a work slowdown .
These techniques. however . ha ve a
low batting average of success in the
long run. and if you att empt some
of the se techniques and fail. it could
me an a bso lute di sast er for yo ur ca-
reer or future.
When you get right dow n to it.
rai ses a rc won by those who have
size d up the complete situa tion a nd
then ha ndled it with finesse and pa-
t ience. ra t her t ha n with gui le or di s-
honesty. '
When plott ing to ge t a rais e. too
many think solely of their ne eds.
why they must have more mon ey.
a nd how thev can set it. But often
the best approach is to climb into
yo ur boss' size twel ve shoes and
look at things from his pe rspective.
Ask yourself. "Why should he want
to ai ve me a rai se? What have I
don'e to further his bu sin ess or de-
partment' s goals'? Am I ac tually an
asse t to him. or just a n expendable
liability?" Then do an objective se lf-
a na lysis of yo ur performan ce on the
j ob .
Financial advancement is not so
much hitting the boss for a sa lary
hike at the ....right tim e as it is in-
fluenc ing him'" to give you hi gh
marks for performance . Companies
pay you for essenti ally two things:
the import ance of yo ur job and how
we ll you do it. Compan ies have
va rious systems designed to deter -
mine when to give yo u a pay boost
a nd the approxima te amount to
give yo u. They a re con stantly eva l-
ua ting yo ur work in wha t cou ld be
cla ssified as th ree cat egories: per-
sona l tr a its. j ob skills. and job per-
formance. Make a n hon est self-
apprai sa l in each of the following
ca tegories and sec if you arc fall ing
sho rt in a ny areas:
I. Personal Traits
One of the first things an empl oyer
looks for in a n employee is reli abi l-
ity. An unreli abl e employee is abo ut
as useful to a n employe r as a car
tha t won't sta rt. An employer wants
so meone who will be on the job day
a fte r day. enthusiastica lly churning
out comme nda ble work. rather than
so meone \I.h o perennially has an ex-
cuse why he was a bsent or cou ldn't
perform hi s dut ies. Absenteeism
raises havo c wit h producti on .
HOWlO
GETA
RAISE
OUTOF
YOUR BOSS
by Jim E. Le a
threatens qualit y. and creates unrest
and friction among the other work-
ers. Anyone who thinks he can cre-
ate havoc for a boss by being absent
continually and still expe ct a raise is
living in a fantasy land.
An other highly prizcd trait is loy-
alty. It goes hand in hand with re-
liability. Emp loyers take not ice of
loyal employecs: those who can be
trusted with company funds. who
ca n be depended on to get the j ob
done properly without consta nt suo
pervision, and who are responsible.
They literall y can' t "afford" to lose
this kind of employee. and a good
sa la ry a nd ac compa nyi ng pay
boosts will usua lly follow.
One empl oyee. Mary Ka ss.
th ough t her age. experti se. a nd
frie ndly disposition would make up
for her disloyalty. She was one of
the best liked clerks in the dry goods
store where she worked. To enhance
her image with custome rs. she se-
cretly gave away samples of her
store's merchandise - at the store's
expense. When the boss discovered
wha t was ha ppeni ng. she begged for
mercy and got it. but she almost got
fired instead of receiving the wage
boost she had coming.
Emp loyers love cooperative em-
ployees. The re's not hing more irri-
tating than a n employee who
st ubbornly balks at every di rective
from his boss. who is regul arly' of-
fend ing fellow workers. and who ar-
gues disrespectfully with his boss.
That was Kay Mandel' s problem.
She had a good j ob at a ' nut rition
store. She displ ayed intelligence and
resourcefulness. but she a lmos t
never did anything the way her su-
pervisor inst ructed her to. She con-
tinually went over her manager's
head to the owner concerning picky
prob lems and ended up angering
both of them. She tried to pit one
employee against another by gossip-
ing about them. but it all backfired
on her. She not only didn't get the
raises she could have. but she also
al ienated everyone in the store.
You should not only st rive to get
along well with your boss and fellow
workers. but also with your firm' s
customers. If you negl ect this seem-
ingly obvious point . you' re abou t as
useful to your boss as an air condi-
tioner that conks out every time it
gets hot ou tside. and you will soon
20
Raises are won by those
who have sized up the
complete situation
and then handled it with
finesse and patience,
rather than with
guile or dishonesty.
ti nd yourse lf standing in a long
une mploymen t line. rather than get -
ting a raise.
In short. if you are diligently
pr actici ng the Golden Rule on the
j ob . you should have no trouble
pl easing your boss. yo ur fellow
workers. and your firm's customers.
II. Job Skills
You can be the most reliable. loyal.
cooperative person alive. but if you
don't possess all the technical skills
required to perform your job pr op-
erly. you'd beuer do something fast.
You certainly can't expect a raise
when you aren't even performing up
to par or you aren' t staying abreast
of new developments in your field.
Jack Dixon thought otherwise. He
was a budding writer on a growing
publi cation. He continually turned
in boring. repetiti ve. poorl y re-
searched articles. The few that were
published were heavil y rewritten by
the editors. What do you suppose he
did to better his perfo rmance? He
took night classes on selling insur-
ance. And to top that off. he asked
several associates why the boss was
so stingy about raises. Instead of
studying insurance and complaining
about his salary. Jack should have
immediately begun to develop and
ca rry out a program to stimulate his
professional growt h.
Such a program should be based
on a sober and realist ic appraisal of
yo ur strengths and weaknesses.
When formulating it. you should
discuss with your boss the areas in
which he feels you need to grow and
develop.
Exhibiting a willingness to learn
and a desire to improve your job
skills is the best approach to take to
insure that you get the salary hikes
you need.
III . Job Performance
Probably the most important thing
you can do on your j ob is be pro-
ductive. After all. you were hired to
produce . A company. being in the
business to make a profit . eyes very
closely two aspects of an employee's
per for mance record: the quality and
qu an tity of the work he produces.
These two traits go hand in hand .
One is often of lillie worth without
the other. What good is a financial
report filled with errors. even if it is
compiled in record time?
The person whose work is accu-
rate and high-quality will generally
have no problem ea rnin g his j ust
due and collecting raises.
Employers appreciate employees
like Stan Ball who worked at a man-
ufacturi ng company. He was a real
dynamo all day. exuding enthusi-
asm and dri ve. Stan was usually the
last to leave. and he was well-orga-
nized and met production schedules.
In fact his work was so impressive
tha t he received three raises in less
than 12 months on the job.
The employees who adopt Solo-
mon's advice and do whatever their
ha nd finds to do with all their might
(Eccl, 9: 12) will discover that. even-
tually. the diligent are always re-
warded .
Go See Your Boss
Supp ose. thou gh. your diligence
doesn't pay off as soon as you ex-
pect. Then you should consider dis-
cussing the matter with your boss.
Thi s is a big step and shouldn' t be
done hastily. Remember. the boss
probably thi nks he is paying you
eno ugh. and if you rush in madl y
and blurt out that you arc being
unjustly treat ed. he may want to
throw you out the door headfirst. So
before you sacri fice yourself on the
altar needl essly. evaluate yourself.
In some cases you might even check
with outside firms who are hiri ng
people in your field to determine
how much they are being paid and
whether or not you could be hired if
you lost your present j ob.
Once you've done this, dete rmine
what you wish to say to your boss.
and then confi dently go and present
your case to your supervisor. You
migh t emphasize your financia l
nee ds. You should certainly stress
ThePLAIN TRUTH October 1976
annual solar festival, now in full
swing? How would the church deal
with this awkwar d situation where
the Roman emperor, having re-
cently sanctioned Christianity as the
state religion. rul ed over an essen-
tially non- Christian empire? It was
one thin g for the Christianized em-
peror to fore go the purely pagan
December festival himself. But to
get the Roman popul ace at large to
cease observing this solar festi val
upon admitt ance to t he chu rch was
anothe r matt er.
The religion of the sun, very pop-
ular as reflected by its ever-increas-
ing number of a d here n ts, was
bound to challenge, even threaten
the existence of Christianity. How
would the Christian church cope?
A Remarkable Transformation
The church at first tried to influence
Consta ntine to abolish this solar re-
ligion with its December 25 festival.
Constantine - a born sun worshiper
himself - refused, claiming that the
fest ival was too popu lar among his
yet unconverted subj ects to eradi-
cate out right.
Furt he r consul tin g wit h Co n-
sta nt ine, the church pressured him
to pass a law by which all slaves in
Rome would be given their freedom
if t hey would accept Chr istianity.
This inducement resulted in the
masses lining up for baptism into
the Chr istian religion. It was hoped
that such a measure would preve nt
these bapti zed heathens from ob-
serving pagan festivals, particul arly
the December 25 fest ival dedicat ed
to the solar divinity.
The scheme bac kfired. Th e hea-
then element within the church con-
tinued to adher e to its own Sol
invictus rel igion. The masses still
joined the hea then element each
Dece mber 25 in celebrating the fes-
tival of the unconquera ble sun. It
was just too pop ular.
The First Christmas
The church found itself in a di-
lemma. It obviously was not willing
to give its carte blanche approval to
a festival dedi cat ed to a heath en
deity. On the other hand, the church
did not wish to appea r ungrateful to
Co nsta nti ne for his endorseme nt of
Christianity as the official religion of
the empire.
With the passing of time, a com-
promise-was reached. The Romans
were allowed to continue celebrat-
ing th eir December 25 fest ival
minus th e sola r dei ty. Instead,
Chris t was substituted for the un-
conquerable sun. It was an attempt
to tr an sfer th e de votion of th e
masses from the heathen sun god to
the true sun of righteousness, Chr ist.
The solar winter festival was given a
Christian dressing. The Sol invictus
was "de posed" and Christ was now
"honored" on that day. Beginning
with A.D. 354, the December 25
da te now belonged to Christ alone.
Once Rome had accept ed the De-
cember date for Christ's "birth," the
festival quickly sprea d to the rest of
the Roman Empire. Constantinople
accepted the Christmas festival in
A.D. 380, par ts of Asia Minor in
382, Alexandria, Egypt, around 430,
and Jerusalem about 440.
The Early Church and Christ's Birth
The earl y Christian church had al-
ways been aga inst celebrat ing the
birthday of its Savior. Alth ough
the re was speculation as to the time
What's the matter
with Christmas?
Su re, Chris tmas is commer-
c ialized. The last-min ute rush
ca n be he ctic and bot her-
some. But is that the real prob-
lem? Does it matt e r t hat t he
Bible doesn't sanction the ob-
servance of Christmas? Or that
many of the trappi ngs of the
day come from non-Christian
sources? A free booklet, The
Plain Truth About Christmas,
holds s ome surprising revela-
tions. For your free copy, write
..
; : : ; : : . ; : : . ~ : ; ; ; i i ~ to The PIain
Truth at the
address near-
est you . (See
addresses
inside front
cove r.)
of the year Jesus was born - espe-
cially in the third century - the cel-
ebra tion was never kept as a church-
sanctioned fest ival for the first 300
yea rs.
Two basic concepts prevent ed the
chu rch from commemorating the
bir thday of its founder for so long a
time. The exact date of Jesus' birth
is nowher e revealed in the Bible and
so was probably never known to the
chur ch. Th e New Tes tament no-
where records that Jesus observed
his own birt hday or that his dis-
ciples observed it.
The second reason why the Chris-
tian church refrained from observ-
ing Christ's birth was their belief
tha t it was wrong. even sin, to do so.
In A.D. 245, the church father Ori-
gin felt that it was a sin even to
think of keeping Chr ist's birthday.
In pa gan Rome, festively com-
memorating the day of one's birth
was an exclusive right reserved for
the gods, although sometimes mere
mortals took this prerogative upon
th emselves. as in the case of some of
the ear ly Roman empero rs. Since
t he Romans indulged in the keeping
of birthdays for whatever deit y they
worshiped, the early Christia ns un-
derstandabl y shied away from ob-
serving birthdays.
But this aversion in keeping a
birthday festival to Jes us lessened as
the centuries rolled by - until cir-
cumstances in the fourth century
pr evailed upon the church to reluc-
tantly obser ve Christ's "birt hday ."
Th e Roman bishop responsible for
introducing the first ever Christmas
in Rome was Liberi us.
The Inevitable Compromise
It was always inevitable that the
popular December 25 festival of the
non-Christian Romans would re-
ceive ecclesiastical sanctio n. Here is
how it developed.
Once the New Testament apostles
had left the scene, the Christian
church of the second centu ry no
longer observed t he biblical festivals
that Jesus, his disciples, and the
apostle Paul kept. These festivals
were labeled as Jewis h and dis-
carded by the church, which. espe-
cially duri ng the second cent ury
A.D., observed no strictly biblical
fest ivals wha tever.
(Cont inued on page 4/)
21
.<.t
' f.
"
.
.
s
,
E
l ,
E
..
a
1 '.
-s,
'"
THE SEARCH FOR
NOAH'SARK
FACTOR
The folklore of many cultures tells of it; historians
ref er to it; and Jesus spoke of it. But is there hard
evidence that a man named Noah act ually built a great
A rk to escape a worldwide f lood? And could that Ark
still be preserved to be fo und in the 20th century?
by Terry Wood
N
ot far fro m the Aegean sea . where At la nti s is sup posedly submerged.
sits maj est ic Mt, Ar a ra t in eastern Turkey. a 16.946-foot mound of
volcanic rubble which. some scientists and theologians beli eve,
serves as the fo rtified pedesta l for the remain s of Noah's
Genesis 8: 4 acts as their bibli cal verifica tion: "An d the ark rested in the
sevent h month. in the seve nteenth day of the month. upon the mountains
of Ar arat ." Some five millennia afterward a dedicated coterie remains
convinced that the Ark rests some where on that mount ain. and with it lies
a conclusive rebuttal 10 atheism. agnos t icism. evolution. and any other
di scla imer to the Bible ' s validity.
For Eryl Cummings. a New Mexico rea ltor an d perhaps the most
respect ed of a ll Ark hunters. the possibi lity th at the Ark sti ll exi sts is
22 The PLAIN TRUTH October 1976
by Dexter H. Faulkner &
Robert A. tiinskey
"Peace on eal1h, good will toward men?" Apparently not,
according to the 66% of Americans who believe that lasting peace
will not be found in their lifetime. As 1976 draws to a close,
the dream of permanent peace seems as elusive as ever. Yet there
is a solution, and it's one in which you can have a pal1.
23
A World in Turmoil
In the Middle East. hostilities remain
near the boiling point in war-torn
Lebanon, where " Christian" forces
have at least temporarily gained vic-
tor y over Mosl ems after many
months of savage tighting, The
prospects for lasting peace in the
expl osive Middle East? Nil.
Meanwhile, terrorism continues,
not only in the Middle East, but all
over the world . Even the daring and
successful Israeli raid on Uganda's
Entebbe Airport, which rescued
over a hundred hostages, has done
little to quell the rising tide of terror-
ist attacks and skyjacki ngs.
In Ireland, two branches of the
Christian religion continue to bomb
and kill each other in a bloody war
that knows no end. Since 1969,
over 1.600 peopl e have lost their
lives, and at least ten times that
number have been maimed and
wounded. Leaders on both sides
despair and confide that they have
little hope the deep hatred and mis-
trust will soon abate. " It's becoming
a way of life," lamented one off icial,
" and I shudder to think what it' s
doing to our kids."
A bomb in a Catholic bar. a ma-
chine-gun slaying in a Protestant
neighborhood - these are the
everyday realities of man's seeming
inability to get along in peace.
On the African continent, cries ot
" liberafion," "equality." and " black
co nsciousness" are the watc h-
words of the day. Especi ally in Rho-
de sia and South Afr ica, bitt er
animosities are being engendered
between the minority white ruling
class and the black majority. Esca-
lating and increasingly bold guer-
ri l l a attack s l aunch ed f r om
neighboring countries continue to
probe the defenses of Rhodesia,
while in South Africa. riots and
strikes conti nue to wreak havoc on
the economy and seriously disrupt
the society. Many authorities speak
of the "inevrtabilr ty" of white capi tu-
lation. The alternative seems to be
an ugly and bloody race war.
No, American cities are not being
ravaged by the insanity of war, and
our boys and fathers are not being
slaughtered in yet another foreign
war. But the tragedy is that the ba-
sic hosti lit ies and enmi ti es that
24
breed war are still rife throughout
the world.
3.270 Years 01 War
One study shows that in the last
3,500 years. there have been onl y
230 years of peace on earth. That
means there have been 3,270 years
of war. Or, to put it another way,
man is at war - tighting with him-
self - some 94% of the time. In the
last 30 years alone, there have
been 119 armed conflicts involving
69 nations.
Surely, one 01the greatest para-
doxes of life is that man seems to
know why wars occur; yet he
seems powerless to prevent them.
Wars come from greed, fears. ha-
treds, prejudices, and the vanity ot
self-aggrandizi ng power. But no
one, it seems, knows how to control
and rechannel these basic human
emotions and motivations.
Pope Paul, in his annual peace
messages, has called on wo rld
opinion to apply pressure tor global
peace.
" The present moment of history,
marked as it is by fierce outbreaks
of international conflict. by impla-
cable cl ass warfare. outbursts of
revolutionar y freedoms, the cr ush-
ing of human right s and fundamen-
tal liberties, and by unforeseen
symptoms of worldwide economic
instability, seems to be destroying
the triumphant ideal of peace as If it
were the statue of an idol, " ob-
serves Pope Paul.
" To save peace," the Pope adds,
" man must reject the conception
that war is rooted in rus own nature.
To regard struggle among men as a
structural need of society is not
only an error of philosophy and vi-
sion but also a potential and per-
manent crime against humanity."
Pope Paul believes " it is ideas,
far more and before particular inter-
ests, that guide the world...."
Thus he believes that peace can be
achieved only if public opinion is
solidly behind it.
Tea chi ng Peace
Suppose you were given the as-
signment to teach a course on
" peace" at a local school. What
would you do and say? How does
one ac t ual ly st udy and te ac h
" peace" ?
The first thing you would find is
that " peace" is usually detined In
terms of confli ct and war! Drctio-
naries define peace as " freedom
from war; the absence ot hostil-
ities." So, peace is the state ot the
world in those rare periods when
one group of people is not shooting
at another group of people.
By contrast, war - insane and
brutal - is a positive force with real
physical components. It' s relatively
easy to teach war's terrible skills.
But peace? Well, it' s negative, ab-
stract. It' s certainly not very ex-
citing , and it' s just plain difficult to
teach.
In spite ot these difficulties , some
colleges and universities are adding
peace education courses to thei r
curriculum. They attempt to study
why man seems driven to war and
how he might find peace. They
seek to draw insights from many
disciplines: sociology, history, phi-
losophy, morality, economics, polit-
ical science, and even futuri stics.
" You might say we' re trying to
teach the fourth ' R,' '' comments
one administrator. " There's read-
ing, writing , and ' rithrnatic. ' and
now ' relations' - how to get along
with your fellow man. In short,
we' re trying to teach peace."
But so far, peace researchers
and educators have done little to
solve one of mankind's ol des t
scou rges, war, and achieve one of
mankind's oldest dreams, peace.
Indeed, man's " last hope for
peace," the United Nations. has de-
teriorated into a pathetic hollow
shell consisti ng largel y of t hi rd
world rhetoric and denunciations.
The politics of envy, resentment,
and ideological warfare now seem
to dominate a faltering organiza-
tion, fanning the flames of conflict
more than quenching them.
Does Man Want Peace?
Ask the man on the street if he
wan ts peace, and he'll answer
" Yes," Wi thout hesitation. But what
he really means is this: "Yes, I want
peace - but only on my terms. only
if the status quo is to my advantage,
and only as long as people don 't
trample on my rights.
" I certainly don' t want to be
forced to fight for something which
does not affect or interest me per-
PEACE IN ACHILD'S MIND
really desired peace - peace with
their friends and neighbors - and
made real efforts to live peaceably
with them, then the word " war"
might even be eliminated from thei r
vocabu lary.
Needed: Individual Peacemakers
The plain truth is that everyone who
harbors thoughts of enmity, jeal-
ousy, hatred, cruelty, greed, tear,
and pride is act ually a potential
contributor to the more visible trag-
edy of war.
Unless we as Individuals are ac-
tively engaged in seeking peaceful
solutions to every domest ic and
business problem that confronts us,
then we may, in fact. be engaged in
establ ishing the attitudes that pre-
ci pitate the war we desperately do
not want.
War is a terrible master, and once
people submit to it - once people
consen t to fight, quarrel , hate, and
suspect - they have submitted to a
pattern that can only lead to agony
and woe.
It is right in our own homes and
families that we must begin to shat-
Adheren ce to an universal standard
or law is the first cause of peace.
The Bible states that God's law, the
law of liberty (James 1:25; 2:10-
12), produces
peace as the au-
tomatic result or
effect of obedi -
ence.
Unfortunately,
men have never
f ol l owed that
way. Therefore,
they have never
had peace. It' s
just that simple.
Consider a few
examples of how
God's law oper-
ates.
How could na-
tions, on an in-
ternati onal level,
continue to fight
and kill if forced
to obey the one
simple injunction
" Thou shalt not
kill " ? (Exodus
20 ; 13 . ) J ust
th i n k of t he
co u nt l ess mil-
lions of lives that
would have been
spared by total
obedience t o
those four simple words.
Peace between neighbors? Con-
sider the second great command-
ment : " Thou shalt l ove th y
neighbor as thyself " (Matt hew
22:39) .
Peace in the family? Three of the
Ten Commandments are designed
to direct ly protect the sancti ty of
marriage and home (Exodus 20:1 2,
14,17).
God's word assures us that those
who are careful to continuously
walk down, or follow, the pathways
ter the war mentality on which the
wor ld has become addicted . But
the lesson of history IS that by him-
self, man has little chance of ac-
complishing such a Herculean task.
Actually, according to the Bible,
man could have peace if he would
just meet three basic conditions -
the causes of peace.
One: A law of Peace
"Peace is yo u don 't have to say
good- bye." - Chri s
" l wa nt no more ho mbing and I
wa nt no more shooting and no
more shooting fat hers and I hatc
men who shoot fathers: ' - Stephen
"Peace mean s that I wish all
wars wo uld SlOp so the children
will have fathers and mothers and
clothes and so the mothers and
fa thers will not gel killed. The end
of the story.." .... - Lori
"Peace means Ion: and happi-
ness. That's whv man d iscovered
America. to fimf/pcacc." - Barry
"I wish eve rybody had a IlWI11
and a J aJ . a nd I feel sorry for the
famili es that don' t have a mom or
a dad because their dad went to
the army and they go t kill ed."
- Alexander
"Pea ce is that rnv dad is safe
and not dead like his'brother."
- John
"Peace means that all the people
were happy but one of the mom-
mies was dead and [he children
we re cry ing and the dog was
cryi ng too. b.... ut prelly soon they go t
happy agai n. " - Yvette
" Peac e mea ns unders tan ding
other peop le even i f you do not
ag ree with them : also a daddy who
stays home: ' - Michelle
Wh at is peace'? To a first or SCCOIH.l
grader the answer is dear:
"Peace is not havi ng any more
war. Peace is a quiet walk in the
woods. Peace i ~ reading a good
book in front of the fire......l t is.... hav-
ing a good dinner wit h your Iarn-
i l ) ~ P; acc is love and Pha\'ing a
good friend." - Becky
sonally," he might add, " at a time
inconvenient to me or at a risk too
great. But If there's somefhing in it
for me - sure, I'll fight In my own
time and place."
And as history paintully demon-
strates, the average man does in-
deed fight. He verbally fight s his
neighbor over the garden fence - It
he feels like It; he takes his rival or
even his neighbor to cou rt - if he's
confident of victory; he even tight s
by stealing - if he thinks he can get
away with It.
Al l thi s stnte indicates a mental
condi tion of per-
petual conflict. a
state ot siege
with eve rybod y
and eve ryt hing
forming the op-
posing army .
This is war in es-
sence . These
lilfl e private wars
going on in indi -
vi duals are the
sparks that in
time burst into
the great con-
flagrations of
global war . All
that' s needed is
a cleve r and
c haris mat i c
leader to gather
t he se war
thoughts, focus
them on a com-
mon enemy, and
fan t hem by
propaganda. The
result: war.
But it i s no
new creation. It
is but a collec-
t i on, organiza-
tion , and manipulation of what
already existed. The Bible puts it
quite succi nctly:
" What causes wars, and what
causes fight ings among you? Is it
not your passions that are at war in
your members? You desire and do
not have; so you kill. And you covet
and cannot obtain; so you fight and
wage war . .. " (James 4:1-2, RSV).
It is well known that it takes two
to make a quarr el. But if enough
people would simply refuse to be
the " ones" of the " twos," there
would be no quarrels. If people
The PLAIN TRUTH December 1976 25
by D. Paul Graunke
On May 8, 1976, 52 prominent people
met in Washington, D.C., to announce to
the press and the world: " We are recov-
ered alcoholics. " Dubbed " Operation
Understanding, " the media event was
sponsored by the National Council on
Alcoholism to dispel the myth that alco-
holism doesn't happen to "nice" people
and to reduce the moral stigma that
cripples efforts to successfully treat the
disease. " Operati on Understanding"
also underscored the fact that people
ALCOHOLISM
torecovery
can recover from alcoholism and that
there are resources and agencies that
can help alcoholics resume - or enjoy
for the first time - normal, happy, suc-
cessful lives without alcohol. To find out
what resources exist on a local level to
help the alcoholic achieve sobriety, we
sent a contributing editor into the com-
munity of Pasadena, California. Here is
his report.
W
hile 500,000 alcoholics in Sou thern Ca lifor-
nia were making the rounds of the ba rs. ca-
reening in cars on the freeways. or nursing their
bottles at home on the evening of August 25, 1976,200
plu s happy, grateful. recover ed alcoholics were cele-
br at ing the 35th anniversa ry of the South Pasadena-
San Mar ino chapter of Alco holics Anonymous and
their own sobriety. They were a living testimony that
alcoholism can be overcome.
Alco holics Anonymous is the most successful mo-
dal ity of treatment for alcoholism in exis tence today. It
began in 1935 whe n two alcoholics discovered they
cou ld strengthen their sob riety by sha ring thei r experi -
ences and helping others suffering from alcoholism.
Today AA has grown to 22.000 local chapters in 92
co untries. An estimated one million peopl e pa rt icipate
in AA - more than fou nd in all ot her modalities of
treatment combined.
AA Steps and Traditi ons
On the flyleaf of their literat ure AA descr ibes itsel f as
"a fellowship of men and women who share thei r
ex perience, strength, and hope with each othe r tha t
they may solve their common problem and help ot hers
to recover from alcoholism." AA is nonsectarian and
nonp olitical. It neither endo rses nor opposes any
ca uses.
The key to the individu al alcoholic's success is the
"Twelve Steps" of AA, and the key to AA' s success as
an or ganizati on is its "Twelve Traditions."
The "Twelve Steps," read at th e start of eve ry AA
meeting. starts as follows:
We admi tted \...e were powerless ove r alcohol - that
our lives ha d become un manageable.
Ca me to believe tha t a Power great er than ourselves
could restore us to sanity.
Made a decision to turn our will and our lives ove r
to the care of God as we understood /lim.
Made a searching and fearless mor al inventory of
ourselves.
The "Twelve Traditions" that govern the fellowship
as a whole include such points as:
The only requi rement for AA membership is a desire
to stop drinking.
An AA group ought never end or se, finan ce. or Icnd
the AA nam e to any related facility or outside enter-
pri se.
Every AA gro up ough t to be fully self-supporti ng.
de cl ini ng outside cont ributions.
Alcoholics Anonymous should remain forever non-
professional. but our service cen ters may employ spe-
cia I workers.
Anonym ity is the spiritua l foundat ion of our trad i-
tions. ever remindin g us to place pr inciples befor e
personal ities. (In respeet of that traditi on , on ly init ials
27
or pseudonyms of alcoholics are
used in this art icle.)
The Payoff - Sobriety
Th e fruits of AA's approach to alco-
holi sm were everywhere in evidence
at the 35th anniversa ry celebration.
It was evident in the happy smiles.
the war m handshak es. the cam-
arade rie. and the conce rn that pe r-
vaded the room.
It was evi de nt from the numb er
of " bi rt hdays" bei ng obse rved .
" Birt hdays" in AA are the da te of a
member's last drink. Each comp lete
yea r of sobriety is celebrated with a
"birthday cake." That eve ning 13
people observed from I to 30 years
of complete sobriety. It was evident
in the rea ctions and wor ds of those
who ca me forward to blow ou t the
candles on their cakes.
The "babe" of the celebrants. a
middle-aged woman, B. G.. was
mar king he r first year of sob riety.
After hugging he r sponsor (the pe r-
son who helped and encou raged he r
to atte nd AA) an d blowing out her
candle. she turned to the a udience
an d bega n. " I' m a \'el )' grateful al co-
holi c .. :' but cou ld not finish for
the tears of j oy.
A middle-aged man. S. H.. cele-
brat ing 5 years of sobriety, sai d wi th
profound emotion. " If I coul d have
wr itten a scena rio live years ago. I
couldn' t have imagined all the good
things that have happened to me
since I achieved sobriety."
The last of the celebrant s was a
wea lt hy businessma n. T. 1'.. wit h 30
years of sobriety. A dozen of his
children and grandch ildren were
the re fo r the occ asi on a nd a P:
plauded with special vigor. He
asked, " How can yo u express what
it is like to have 10,959 days of so-
briety after experi enci ng 20 yea rs of
alcoholic living death?"
Hel p Thai Goes Begg ing
In the United State s. an estimated
one out of every ten d rinkers is an
alcoholic. That rati o adds up to ove r
nine mill ion people of all ages for
whom o nc d rink is too many a nd a
thousan d is never enou gh.
Pasadena has its sha re - 14.000
by one estima te. Only a sma ll frac-
tion of them have sobered up. but il
has not been for lack of opportunity
or help. Pasad ena has a wide va riet y
28
of agencies an d programs to help
the alcohol ic. "There's help running
ou t of the ca rs:' says Jean B. Van-
dervoot , executive "director of the
Pasaden a Cou ncil on Alcoholi sm.
But alcoho lism is a disease of de-
nial. Most alcoholics will not admit
to themsel ves, let alone anyo ne else.
that they have a drinking probl em.
Consequent ly. it is very difficul t
to help mos t alco holics unt il they
have su nk into their own personal
hel l. Alcoholics must often suffer
broken ma rriages. lost jobs. jail sen-
te nccs. au to accide nts. cirrhosis of
the liver. de lirium tremens, and
othe r crises befo re they ru n out of
alibis and seek help.
" Referral and educati ona l ser-
vices such as ours ca n help people to
avoi d going to the bott om." says
Jeann e. "Peopl e don' t have to lose
loved ones or jobs. If they're in-
formed and if they get treatment
and help in the midd le part of their
dis ease. they ca n sav e themselves
fro m all that"suffering,"
The Turn of fhe Tide
In spite or the read ily avail ab le
help. a certa in percent age do hit t he
bottom of bott oms - the late or
chronic phase whe re obsess ive
drinking resu lts in physical com-
plica tions and imminent death. Fo r
the se people. recovery must begin at
one of the two detoxificat ion cen ters
in Pasadena: Pasadena Co mmunity
Hospital or St . Luke Hospital.
On the wa ll in the corridor of the
detoxification ward of Pasad ena
Co mmuni ty Hospit al han gs a poster
with a mes sagc and met ap hor. The
message is: "The lowest ebb is the
tu rn of the tide: ' The metaphor is a
turbulent surf crashi ng on the rocks
of a rugged coastline.
T he post er sla tes a fac t a nd
presen ts a hope for the alcoholic.
The fact is his hea lth. his very lire. is
on the rocks. Alco hol has devasta ted
his person al life and is literally kill-
ing him. fi e has come or been re-
ferred to the " de tox un it" to "d ry
out" under medical supervision be-
ca use it' s too dangerous to do so on
his own.
The hope is that they call bottom
out and reb ound. Most alcoho lics
who seek hel p do recover and go on
to lead pro ductive, happy lives.
While touring the detox facility at
Pasad ena Communi ty Hospi tal. a
ca ll came trom the front desk : An
alcoholic man wanted to be admit-
ted. Staff cou nselor Bill Rose went
to see him . At the age of 27, Bill is a
vetera n, an expert on drug abuse,
having spe nt over hal f his life - 14
yea rs - as an addict-alcoholic, a
multiple drug user. Now he' s part of
the solution instead of the problem.
li e has been "clean" for a year and
sta rt ed working in the detox unit a
couple of months ago .
Bill brought back a disheveled.
st ubble-faced. blea ry-eyed. 40-yea r-
ol d man - the kind of alcoholic ste-
reot yped in j okes and TV comedy
ski ts. But this real -life alcoholic was
no la ughing matter, but a sick man
na med Larr y.
Larry sai d he had been drinki ng
ha lf a ga llon of vodka over the pas t
couple of days. Now he was coming
down with wine to avoid deli rium
tremens. He had them once before
several years ago and didn't wan t
to experience the agony aga in. Hc
had also bee n hallucinating - he
was hearing water d rippi ng out of a
tap. The pape rwork was begun, and
Larry sta rted de toxifica tion and a
2 1-day reh a bilit ati o n progra m
which consistsoftwo vital parts: occupa-
tionaltherapy and group therapy.
Small But Important Steps
Jerri e Williams. occupationa l thera-
pist in the de tox un it. gave me a
tour of the occupationa l thera py
room. I t is s ma ll a nd si m p ly
eq uipped an d contains supplies for
painting, knitt ing, and macrame .
Jerri e expl ained that the pati en ts
are given relati vely simple tasks to
occupy the ir time whi le in the roo m.
Some wra p bot tles with ta pe and
paint them with shoe polish. Ot hers
decorat e ciga r boxes with patterns
of macaroni shells a nd elbows and
th en spray them with gold pain l.
Pat ients also try their han ds at
macrame, sketching, a nd painting.
In another room there is some exer-
cise equipment for those who want
a little mor e vigorous activity.
As plain and simple as the mat e-
rial s and tasks are, they have impor-
tant therape utic benefits. The first
steps toward recovery must neces-
sa rily be sma ll and often undram a-
tic. All alcohol ics are losers in some
sense. and some are comp lete loser s
Withe
Friend
Like
Alcohol,
Who
Needs
Enemies?
by Freddy C.
Freddy C. was a well-known entertainer
whose career and family lite were nearly
destroyed by his addiction 10 a/eoho/.
Since overcoming the problem, he has
recently had a book published entitled
The Alcohol Problem Explained.
T
he year 1954 was . to quote a
phrase . 41 vintage one . I was
co nside red one of the top mu sici an s
in Britain. I was ma rried to a wife
wit h whom I was very muc h in love.
and I had two lovely daughters. It
seemed no thing could possibly go
wrong.
My work consist ed of accom-
panyin g a ll the big " na mes" in the
world of films. record ings. a nd TV . I
wa s on first-na me terms with all
th ose a rtis ts. This was not onlv good
for my ban kbook but also my"cgo.
But if I had position. money. a nd
fami lv life. I also had one other
thing th a t jUM cannot be left out of
this lin le saga - alcohol. And if th e
tru th must be told. I was q uite
ha ppy wi th the arrangement. For
alcohol is unique. Its pro pe rties a re
remarkable: If you arc cold. it will
create the feeling of wa rmth: if ),ou
arc wa rm. it will bring the illusion of
cool ness. If you a rc t ired . it will pro-
vide insta nt energy: if you are tense.
it will act as a n ins tant relax er. No t
for nothing has it be en ca lled Na-
lure's Ane;thet ic. and for those who
ca n handle the stu ff, il has a t tim es
pr oved a ble ssing.
But I co uldn' t handle it. And
pe ople who ca n' t ha nd le it shouldn' t
drink it. But when t he exac ting a nd
demandi ng work sta rt ed to bring
mental pressures. I found that a
glass of Scotch hrought not only in-
sta nt reli ef but also a confidence
th at was needed to do a pa rticula r
j ob. And so th e boule became as
necessary a part of my eq uipme nt as
wa s Illy ins tr ument.
A person who drinks for reasons
ot he r than socia l is on a dan gerous
pa th. a nd I was no except ion. The
pric e that had to be paid lor my
booze slowly crept up. Rows. tears.
a nd scenes with my wi fe a nd girls
we re co mmonplace. The one-ti me
dependable character who used to
sit in the orches tra with " nerves of
steel" was slowly reduced to a ner-
vous. shaky, patheti c cha ract er
wh ose only ne rves were those of al-
cohol.
"Try a nd co ntrol your drinkin g: '
fr iends advised. " Usc a bit of will-
power:' they declar ed . " Pull your-
sel f together: ' they sugg ested. I j ust
couldn't get thro ugh to them th at I
WAS tryin g to control the st uff; I
WAS tryi ng to usc my wi llpower.
Whal I d id no t know is that alco-
ho l. to the alcoholic. is th e grca rest
dest royer of th e will: a nd when the
will has gone. so has the control.
And when the control has gone. the
alcoholic is in no position LO pull
himsel f or hersel f together. On ce the
first drink has gon e down . the men-
tal obsession coupled with the phys-
ical co mpulsion makes th e a lcoho lic
asia ve to alcohol.
And so the j ob. money. fa mily.
a nd everyt hing else tha t I ha d so
d es pe rat el y tri ed to hold o n to
sta rte d to go. Wh at was I to do?
First of all I went to sec the fa mily
doc tor. "How can I he lp you?" he
as ked .
.. I ts my ner ves:" I answered
tr uthfully. After all. they were in a
te rr ible sta te. So he treated me fo r
ne rves. a nd things go t wo rse. He
the n sent me to a psyc hiatrist (I was
to visit eight in all). a nd he. too .
asked me th e problem. This time I
mentioned that I drank a littl e too
much. but only because of the pres-
sure of wo rk. plus the tact that I
now suffe red from inso mnia and
amnesia .
li e treated me for ten sion . ne rves.
insomnia. a nd amnes ia . a nd I con -
ti nu ed to drink and cont inued to
sutle r from nerves. tension, in-
somni a. and amnesia. It was as
vicious a circle as one co uld imag-
ioe. a nd I couldn' t ge t out of it. I
tried hypnoti sts, faith hea lers, and
hea lt h fa rms. but the end result was
that I woke up in a pol ice cell a nd
then was moved to a locked wa rd in
an a lcoho lic un it. It was here that
they did th e impossi ble: They
stopped me from drinking.
But I subse q uently learned tha t
th e a lcoho lic's main problem is not
only to STOP drinking, but a lso to
STAY sto pped . Aft er being released
fro m the unit , I began drinking a l-
most immediately. 10 shee r desper-
a tion I ph on ed Alcoh ol ics An on -
ymous . and the same ni ght I
attend ed my first me eting.
I j ust could not sec how the well -
dres sed a n d s e e mi ngly h appy
people there could in an y way be
id entified with the shivering mess
that wa s me . But the mi nute the
spea ker' opened his mouth. I knew
tha t I was in the ri ght place . He
talked my langu age. One rea son AA
is so successful is becau se when a
shy. embarrassed alcohol ic wa lks
int o their meeting. no one la ughs.
co ndemns. or rid icul es him. becau se
a ll of t hem . wit hout exception. we re
in si mila r sha pe when they them-
selves bega n a tte nd ing. It is th at
pe rsonal ide ntification th at contrib-
utcs to the success of AA. All have
be en in exactl y the sa me boat - or
bar - as the ne wcomer. And as soon
as the ne w member feels TH AT kind
of ide ntificat ion. they arc on th e first
rung of the lad der back to sobriety
and sa nitv,
But just to stop d rink ing alcohol
is no t enough in the treat ment for
the illness ::if a lcoholism: the a lco-
holi c must not only stop drinking
a lco hol. he must also stop thi nk ing
a lcohol. The thou ght precedes the
actio n: If he thinks it. he wi ll d rink
it.
Alcohol is un ique. a nd so is alco-
holi sm . And to comba t a lcoho lism.
th ere has to be some thing equall y
unique - the Fellowsh ip of Alco-
holics An onymous. The number of
the nearest AA gro up is in your
phone book. Dial now if you need
hel p.
29
CananAlcoholic
EverResume Drinking?
F
or nea rly two decad es there has
been a smolde ring controversy
over whether an alcoholic can eve r
resume "norma l drinking." On
June 9. 1976. it burst into flames
wi th thc release of a report on al-
coholism by the Rand Co rpora-
tion. Santa Monica. California.
The report suggested that some
alco holics can. afte r treatment . re-
sume no rmal drinki ng withou t
riski ng a relapse. The three au-
thors of the rep or t concluded tha t
"relapse rates for normal drinkers
a re no hi gher th an th ose fo r
lon ger-term abstai ners."
The researchers emphasi zed in
th eir repor t that they were not rec-
ommending that alcoholics resume
dr inking. Thcy agreed that there
are alcohol ics who cannot dri nk
wit hout getti ng into serious trouble
but adde d tha t there is no way to
tell in ad vance who the y are.
The concl usions of the report
were controversial enough; unfor-
tuna tely. the news medi a ex-
acerbated the issue by giving the
story such alarmingly dan gerous
he ad lines as "Study Suggests Alco -
hol ic. Treated . Can Drink Safel y: '
despite the cautionary notes given
in the report. The result was a ti re-
sto r m of angry criticis m from
sco res of researchers and para-
professional s in the field of alco-
holi sm. Man y expressed the fea r
that the report 's conclusions and
the way the medi a reported them
wou ld en danger the lives of some
alcoholics by encouraging them to
resume drinking.
On Ju ly I. the Na tional Co unci l
on Alcoholism sponso red a press
conference in Washington, D.C., in
which II widely re spected re-
sea rchers in the field of alcoho lism
rebutt ed the Rand report. Some of
the weak nesses in methodology
the)' cited were:
( I ) All dat a were based on the
cli en ts' self-reports of the quantity
of alcohol consumed. with no ob-
jcctivc verification, such as blood
30
samples to dctermine alcohol con-
centration.
(2 ) The ac tua l nu mher of
patients interviewed was too small
a percentage of the original num-
ber of alcoho lics bei ng investi-
gated. Six months after treatment.
researchers were able to locate
on ly 20.6% of the 11.500 pa tien ts
they origi na lly included in the sur-
vey . After 18 months t hey were able
to locat e on ly 62% of the 2.161
designat ed to be surveye d. Com-
bining the 6- and IS-month studies.
over 70% of the patients \...'erc n' t
interviewed. Dr. David Pillman has
shown the harder an alcoholic is to
locate for follow-up interviews, the
more severe his problem with alco-
hol is likely to be.
(3) The report ing period of 18
months is too short a time to de-
cide that "normal drinkers" will
not relapse. Dr. John Ewing, direc-
tor of the Ce nter tor Alcohol St ud -
ies at the University of No rt h
Carolina. conducted a study for
controlled drinking over a period
of over 55 mon ths. He found tha t
" the results looked promisi ng in
the first 12 to 18 mon ths. It was
only when we did a long-t erm fol-
low-up ran ging from 27 to 55
months since treatment ended that
we detected a universal failure to
maintain controlled drinking: '
(4) The maxi mum amount of al -
cohol consumption considered by
the Rand researchers to be "nor-
mal" is considered by others to be
excessive.
The Rand report is not the first
rep or t to suggest that some alco-
holi cs may resume drinking. And a
couple of new reports have been
rel eased since the Rand report
making similar conclusions. But
most people working with alcohol-
ics would emphati cally agr ee wi th
Dr. Jokichi Takami ne, chairman of
the American Medical Association
Committee on Alcohol ism: "Absti-
nence must remain the founda tion
of rccovcry for the alcoholic."
- people who have never suc-
ceeded , never accomplished any-
t hing in their life. Learning to
perform rudimentary tasks in occu-
pation al t hera py can provide pos i-
tive reinforcement that enables
them to tackle bigger tasks and
prob lems of eve ryday living.
A Rebi rth
The heart and core of every reha-
bi litat ion program is group therapy.
Here the alcoholic faces the reality
of himself - his problems. needs.
and aspira tion s. He also faces the
rea lity of other people who. he often
discovers , arc cut from the same
fragile. imper fect cloth.
" We try to improve their self-
image. In the dee pest pa rt of the ir
being. alcoho lics don't like them-
selves. They feel very inferior: ' says
George Richardson . another staff
counselor. " By gett ing everyone to
comc out from behi nd his shield.
each alcoholic learns that he isn't
an y different from anyone else. This
helps him to acccpt ot hers and cope
with angcr, resentment. and frustra-
tion rather than drink."
The detox unit al St. Luke Hospi-
tal across town is larger and the pro-
gram somewhat different. But it too
is a benign assault on a losing, de-
st ructive life-style. Wh ile being de-
toxifi ed at St. Luke Hospit al. the
alcoholic pati ent is eva lua ted for the
followi ng 21-day program designed
to belp hi m clean up - and dry up
- his act and get a new and winning
show on the roa d. As Bob C. a re-
covered alco holic. put it. "Sob riety
is the ti p of the icebe rg. Wh at is
involved is a brand new life. a new
beginning. If I may say so. a
rebirth."
Sean Hamilton, community ser-
vices coordinator for S1. Luke's detox
uni t. explai ned that "we evaluate
e very as pec t ofthe patient 's life physi-
ca lly. psychol ogically. socia lly. and
even spiritually. Each pa tient is givc n
a complet e physica l. not only to diag-
nose alcohol-related di seases bu t any
othe r ai lments he may have. We have
ph ysical therapy for those who need
it. If the alcoholic has probl ems with
hisjob. we bring in the empl oye r. Ifhe
is dissatisfied with his job, we inter-
view him for vocational rehabilita-
tion.
" Fa milies. friends. employers -
anyo ne connected with the alcoholic
- is brou ght in to help confront the
pat ient with his problem as well as
be a part in his recovery: '
In addition. St. Luke Hos pit al
has esta blished an out pa tient pro-
gra m to help the alcoholic stay d ry
in a wet wo rld. "But no one can do
the entire job alone... stresses Hank
Klein, chief alcoholic the ra pist a t St.
Luke Hosp ital. "We cooperate wit h
other agencies. We tic the alco-
hol ic's recovery into the community-
based resources."
Recovery Homes
The first co mmunity resou rce that
alcoh olics a rc exposed to is AA. The
second is often the recovcry home.
the next way station on the road to
sus tained so briety fo r those who are
detoxified . Pasadena has three: the
Grandview Foundation . the Bishop
Good en Home. and La Casa (for
women) . The setup and pro gr am
varies for home to home. but each
provides a minimum of three to four
wee ks of refuge and re habilitati on .
The Bishop Good en Home pri-
ma ril y se rves t he whi t c -co ll a r
worker, the profession al man. and
the prosperous businessman. In co n-
tras t, the Grandv iew Fou nda tion
has a more heterogeneous group in-
cluding the unskilled. the indigent.
and the wel fare case, Three or four
we eks may not suffice for many of
the less fort unate, so a relative ly
new nonres ide ntial program has
been devel oped to provide needy al-
co holics wit h 10 to 15 months of
co unsel a nd help. " We feel that the
alco holic needs to be invol ved for at
least a ye ar in rehab programs -
AA. group thera py. etc. - to be abl e
to say he has put his act together.
That is the bare minimum necessary
to sta bilize fairly well his sobr iety: '
sta tes James Panari ello, program di-
rector for Grandview, But even re-
lapses arc possible. A numbe r of
authori ties believe it takes three to
five years of total sobriety to say an
alc oholic is tru ly sta ble and recov-
ered.
La Casa, established in 1968. is
something of a rarity in alcohol re-
habi lita tion - a faci lity exclusively
for wome n. " 11' only they had some-
thing like this back in New York
C i ty . I mi gh t ha ve rec o ve re d
soone r:' lamented E. M.. a recov-
ered alcoholic.
"But they don't because wom en
alcoho lics aren't as visi ble as men
alco holics. I j ust stayed home all
day a nd d ra nk. Anyt ime I need ed
so me more. I j ust go t on the phone
and sai d, 'Send over a case.' ..
And then. withou t prompt ing. she
ga ve a bout by bou t acco unt of her
dri nking career: ( Be forewarned!
Ask a recover ed alcoholic a simple
qu estion, and you may get a ten-
rni nu t c auto biographical s ke tch.
Their cando r is amazing - and re-
fres hing.) ..It finall y go t so bad that
I was rushed to the hospital vo mit-
ing up blood. My temper ature was
106. I needed nine blood tra ns-
fusions. I stayed in the hospi tal for
two wee ks living on j ello.
"The day I got out. 1 walked
around the co rner and bought a
bo tt le. I still had fur ther to go to
reach the gutter.
" I fina lly ended up in the psychi-
atric ward in Bellevu e. . . . In a mo-
me nt of clarity. I sai d to mysel f.
' Yo u' re in troub le. Do exa ctly wha t
they say: I did an d got out. But I
never licked my problem unt il I
came west and discovered La Ca sa."
Carrot and Stick
Fo r the drunken dri ver. there is a
spec ial route to recovcry. First-time
o ffenders are refe rred to four.
week ly. 2\-\ -hour educa tional a nd
rap sessions on alcoho l ab use and
avai lable recovery progmms. Fi rst-
time offe nde rs are motivated by the
carrot of a reduced tine for success-
fully completing the progra m or the
st ick of the full fine for not attend-
mg.
Multiple offenders arc referred to
the High Road Program. The High
Road Program provides a minimu m
of 12 months for the educa tion and
resocializati on of the chronic alco-
hol and other d rug ab user. The goa l
is the reva mping of the drug of-
fender's life-style.
" T he rate of recove ry o r life
change is phe nomena l:' reports
Robert Dorris, proj ect director of
the High Road Program. " We' re
seei ng 80% to 90% of the partici-
pan ts make a basic change . Th e
length of the prob lem is a big key to
its success. We don't cla im to have
more information - just more time
for people to understa nd a nd abso rb
it: '
Helen Dorris. personnel director
for the program. poi nts out another
fact or that is lacking in most othe r
pr ogr ams: Th e ca rro t an d stick mo-
tivat ion provided by the cou rts give s
alco holics an added incentive to
comply wi th the program. Failure to
do so cou ld mean no red uction in
cha rges or legal penalti es, and they
arc much more serious for mult iple
offen ders. "They have certain activi -
t i e s th e y a bsol ut e ly ha ve t o
compl ete. They have to visit reha-
bilitation centers. write boo k rc-
port s. do communi ty service and
vo luntee r work. All of these things
are ge ared to changing their life-
style."
Cooperation and Care
A recent de velopment in Pasadena
is the forma tion of a coa lition of
agencies and progra ms deal ing with
alcoholism in the ci ty. "This had
bee n done before in name, but until
now not in fact: ' sta tes Cha rles M.
" Buz" Hami lton, assistant executive
di rector of the Pasadena Counci l on
Alcoholism. "We strive to ass ist
each other a nd keep the focus on
helping the alcoholics in Pasadena."
"Oh there are so me in te rnal
sq ua bbles: ' admits Sca n Hamilton.
" b ut were all workin g for the sa me
goal. \Ve all realize we need cooper-
ati on - not competition:'
This spirit of cooperation is but a
mani festa tion of a factor that all the
diverse programs and agencies have
in co mmon - that great intangible
ca lled love, ca re, co nce rn. Those
th ree words cropped up aga in a nd
aga in as I tal ked with recovered al-
co holics and those involved in reha-
bilita tion. " You don't ha ve to ha ve
a de gree to hel p alcoholics: ' de -
clared Colleen Cervik, who super-
vises th e Pasade na Co mmunity
Hospital detox unit. "But it does
take care. People who care , who arc
ded ica ted to helping others. make
all the difference in an alcohol re-
covery progra m: '
Epi logue: After writing the story I
call ed Bill Rose a nd asked him
a bo ut Larry. "Funny you sho uld
ask: ' he rep lies. " I just saw him a
whi le ago . He's up at Grandv iew.
and is atte nd ing gro up the rapy and
AA. He's coming along fine." 0
31
"BUT ITWASANACCIDENT!"
by WilliamF. Dankenbring
M
onths go by and noth ing
out of the ordinary seems
to happen . Li fe i s a
breeze, happy, fun-filled , frolic-
some, and tranquil.
Then, bang, it happens . In a
spl it second your whole life is al-
tered completely. You 've had an
accident. If you're an Amer ican,
you are only one of the fifty mil-
lion other accident statistics that
occurred in the nation this year.
Very likely somebody in your fam-
ily or someone you know was
hurt in an accident someti me dur-
ing the past year, perhaps even
kil led.
Each year accidents are the
fourth leading cause of death,
following heart diseases, cancer,
and stroke. Between the ages of
1 and 24 , acci dents far and away
are the leading cause of deaths .
Between the ages of 15 and 24,
accidents account for over half of
all deaths. The aggregate cost of
all accidents in 1974 was a whop-
ping $43 bill ion . That $43 billion is
only the monetary cost we must
pay each year because of our
own or someone else's foo lish-
ness, " mistakes," or errors in
j udgment. The amount of pain
and suffering is incalculable.
Accidents Do Not Just "Happen"
Accidents are not due to " fate"
or just a run of bad luck. They are
not due to some " evil omen " or
mysterious curse. The simple fact
is that most accidents are due to
a number of interr elated causes
involving broken laws of nature,
carelessness, uncontrolled emo-
tions, and many other factors.
And a penalty must be paid.
We live in an acc ident-prone
world. The fast pace of life, the
incredibl e power in automobiles,
the conveniences we take for
granted - electricity, gas, me-
chanical marvels of all kinds - all
pack an inner quali ty of danger if
we are careless.
Most industrial accidents, gen-
erall y about 85%, are the result of
unsafe acts. Safety devices, how-
ever ingenious and effective they
may be, are fut ile unless they are
used by workers.
Many common household con -
veniences are also a potential
source of acc idents. Every time
mother goes shopping she may
bring home a poison - a deter-
gent, a furniture cleaner, a spot
remover, a drain-pipe cleansing
agent, or a pesticide. Around two
mi l lion accidental poisonings
take place in the United States
each year with many victi ms chil-
dren under the age of five. Our
marketplaces carry a thousand or
so products containing poi-
sonous chemicals.
As society becomes more
mechanized, the threat of grave
or fatal accidents becomes
greater from one small mistake.
All too often, we continue driv-
ing our car when we know we are
sleepy, maybe even nodding at
the wheel. We gamble just a lillie
too much while passing that slow
tr uck on the highway. Ninety-nine
li mes out of one hundred we
might get away with it. But there
is always that one ti me.
Some people are accident-
prone. Their style of living and
their attitude toward life seem to
draw accident after acc ident to
their doorstep. The accident -
prone seem to have more diffi-
culty handling problems of bore-
dom, loneliness , an xiety ,
frustrat ion , fear, excitement, and
sexual or mental conflict, reports
Dr . Manuel Rodstein, a New Yor k
medical professor. '
False pride gets a lot of us into
trouble. An elderly man may per-
33
loday'slop Hazards
Control Your Emotions
and Live Longer
Among the causes pr edi sposing us
to accide nts are fati gue a nd emo-
tions such as worry. anxi ety. a nd
anger. When our brain gets out of
gear. thc dri ve of emotions hcads
us toward a smash. Emotions can
block our senses so that we a re
rcall y " deafened" or "blinded" to
possible dangers. They interfere
with clear thinking.
Being in a bad humor is a dan-
gerous state. A person in a cheer-
ful. ki ndly. happy mood is less
l ikely to incur an accident than
one in a mood of di scont ent. grief.
or despair. Wh en we are irrit';ted.
feeling below par. or frustrated. we
have to be extra careful in e v c r y ~
thing we do. for these feelings
mak e us sitti ng ducks for acci-
dents.
Irrit ability may ari se from un-
sa tisfied desires or the annoying
acti ons of people. A succession of
irritations ove r trifles - and some
days seem to be full of them -
may build up a condition that
makes it impossibl e for us to exe r-
cise emo tio na l control in a n emer-
gency.
Boredom and des pondency over
Estimated injuries 1973-
Bicycles and bicycle
equipment 372,000
Stairs, ramps, landings
(Indoors. outdoors) ... 356,000
Nails, carpet tacks, screws
thumbtacks 275,000
Football-related equipment
and apparel 230,000
Baseball-related equipment
and apparel 191 ,000
Basketball -related equipment
and apparel 188,000
Architectural glass t78,000
Doors (other than glass) 153,000
Tables (nonglass) 137,000
Swings, slides, seesaws.
playground climbing
apparatus 112,000
34
the course of personal or world af-
fairs invite us to go on a spree of
danger-courting. Some people be-
lieve that the onl y remedy for
these mental upsets is acti on. and
the action they take is too oft en
hasty and unthinking.
Anger is not only one of the
seven de adl v sins but is also one of
the unba lancing for ces that incline
us to do dangerous ac ts. It makes
us less ready than usual for accu-
racy of thought. and i t int erferes
with our exer cise of control in an
emergency. We are not only likely
to speak harshl y when angry. but
also to behave reckl essly.
Pa tience is a n in gred ient of
safety. A person who habituall y
acts on impul se is gambl ing wi th
hi s sa fety and oft en sutlers the bit-
ter eonseq ucnces of ove r-has ty ac-
tion.
Fatigue. another ingredient of
accident s, is a device of nature to
keep within safe limits. Don 't ig-
nore it.
R eprinted with permissi on of
The Royal Bank of Ca n ad a,
copyright 1975.
Beds (including spnnqs
frames) 100.000
Nonuphotstered chairs 68,000
Chests, buffets, bookshelves
etc. 68,000
Power tawn mowers . 58,000
Bathtub and shower structures
(except doors, panels) 41 ,000
Cleaning agent s, caustic
compounds 35,000
Swimming pools and
associated equipment
(in-ground only) 32,000
Cooking ranges, ovens, and
equipment 25,000
"BaSe<:! on mjunes treaied In 119
hospllal olllergency rooms
Data Consumer Product Salety Commission
sist in drivi ng his car even though
he has lost his reflexes, hearing, or
eyesight to a Si gnificant degree. A
middle-aged woman may refuse to
admit her fading youth and avoid
wear ing glasses, even though her
vision is seriously impai red without
them. A young athlete may reluse
to report an injury for fear that it will
reflect on his manliness. Men and
women, young and old, refuse fa
stop working or playing when they
become tired. These individuals are
ripe for an accident . No weight is
too heavy, no staircase is too dark,
and no task is too hard for the vic-
tim of false pride. Lightning on a
golf course. the absence of a lite-
gua rd on a beach, storm warni ngs,
speed limits, safety belts, safety
glasses, or safety catches - all are
ig nored because all too often
human pride believes " it can't hap-
pen to me!"
Home Is Where the Hurt Is
According to a recent bulletin from
t he Met ropo litan Lif e Insuran ce
Company, home acci dents con-
tinue to take about twi ce as many
lives as do work-retated accidents.
Only motor-vehicle acci dents take a
greater number of lives.
In many cities, particula rly the
larger ones, home acci dents ac-
tuall y outrank every other type of
fatal mishap and are responsible for
abo ut 4.2 million di sabling inju ries
(disa bling beyond the day of acc i-
dent ) - more than twice the num-
be r incurred in moto r vehic le
accidents.
More than five sixths of the fatali-
ties due to fires and to poisoninq by
solids and liquids occur in the
home each year; about half the ac-
ci dental deaths from falls and from
firearms also take place in the
home.
Falls are the leading cause of ac-
cidental deaths in the home. In one
recent year such mishaps ac-
co unted for about one third of the
total accidental mortality in the
home, with most of these deaths
co ncentrated at the older age lev-
els.
Fires and flames are responsible
for about a l ilth of the total home
acc ident mortal ity and constitute
the principal type of fatal accident
in the home among adult s aged 45
Commonly Neglected
Safety Precautions
to 64 and among children 1 to 14
years old.
Poisoning by solids and liquids,
which ranks third among home mis-
haps, is the chief cause of fatal ac-
cidents in the age range 15 to 44.
Mechanical suftocafion and in-
hal ati on and ingesti on of food and
other objects are leading causes of
fatal home acci dents among infants
under one year of age.
More Deadly Than War/are
Around the world automobile acci-
dents have reached " epidemic pro-
portions." At the present rate of
motor vehicle carnage, one of every
two American ci tizens living today
can expect to be injured or killed in
a traffic accident during his or her
lifeti me.
Consider this tragic fact: Since
the invention of the automobile,
more than 2 mil lion Americans have
been killed in auto accidents -
more than the total number of
Americans killed in World War I,
World War II, the Korean War, Viet-
nam, and all other wars involving
the Unifed States of America.
While poor highway conditions
enter into many car accidents, the
overwhelming majority of all auto
accidents (over 98%) could have
been prevented by safe defensive
driving or by proper aut omotive
maintenance.
Dr. James L. Malletti , who has
spent many years researching the
causes of auto accidents, declared:
" In its most simple form the resul ts
come to thi s - man drives as he
lives." He added, "Evidence shows
that people who adj ust wel l to life's
institutions will adjust well to the
highway complex. A man who has
trouble with a credit agency Will
have trouble in trafti c. The poor
driver is likely to be hostile, impul -
sive, and in trouble with social
agencies." Uncontrolled "motions
playa big role in not just auto acci-
dent s, but all accidents.
For example, although safety
belts are now available in practically
all new cars , less than 40% of pas-
sengers use them. The National
Safety Council in Accident Facts,
1975 edition, says, " Current infor-
mat ion on the life-saving potential
of lap-type safety belts indlcates
that if al l passenger car occupants
Yo ur safety is made up of little
things. You should take the time to
wa lk a few feet to throw a switch.
to get a better too l. or to move an
obstr uction from the floor: you
should stand back a few feet to get
a good look at the apparatus you
are going to work on : you sho uld
gel a long. cle ar vie w before pull-
ing out to pass the car in front. and
yo u sho uld usc your "turn" signal.
Your safety is largely a matter of
fo res ight .
Here arc some othe r areas to
wo rk on:
Keep the work area in your
home. factor y. or offi ce neat and
cl ean. A duttered. messy wo rk
area is an invitat ion to trouble.
Junk on the floor, spill ed greasy
substances. scattered tool s and ma-
teri als. or obj ects poised dan-
gero usly aga inst walls cou ld be an
invi tation to a life- long inj ury.
Note potent iall y dan ge ro us
areas in your hom e : obstacl es.
frayed wires. frayed rugs. lorn li-
noleum. slippery fl oors, loose scat-
ter rugs. and loosely ha ng ing
articles from the ceiling.
Wat ch how you swi tch on elec-
tricit v. Never touch a swi tch or an
outlet \v'hen your han ds arc wet.
Do not touch an elec tric ap pli ance
and a wate r pipe or radi ator at the
same time . Do not meddle with
electric connections when yo u are
barefoot. (A man who was a ge-
ni us in electronics a bsen t-mind-
edly picked lip the li ve end of an
elect rical connect ion while bare-
foot. with di sastrous results.)
Store all porcntially poi sonou s
pr oduct s in l ock ed cabin ets.
(in the United States) used belts at
all times, such use woul d save at
least 12,000 lives annually." Isn't
your life worth the few seconds it
takes to snap a safety harness in
place?
Our familiarity with cars and mar-
ve s of modern living spawns com-
placency and inattention. And
inattention is a primary cause of ac-
cidents.
closet s, or drawers. (Two thirds of
home poisoni ngs involve children
under li ve.)
Avoid taking medicine in front
of child ren, and never refer to any
medi cine as cand v.
Keep all products in their orig-
inal con tai ne rs. Never transfer
them to contai ners that could
cause them to be confused with
food.
Make certain all products are
labeled. and always read the label -
ing be fore using them.
Keep a first-a id chart of what
to do for common injuries. burns.
and poiso ns.
Keep yards. garages. storage
roo ms . basements. and play areas
fr ee of trash and bott les.
Keep guns and ammunitio n in
separate pl aces. preferabl y under
lock and key. Do not all ow chi l-
dren to play wit h guns.
Remo ve na ils from board s not
In use .
Keep sharp objec ts out of the
reach of children. Do not allow
children to run wi th wooden sticks
or with articles that may break if
th e chi l dren fall (e.a.. bo ttles.
glasses. plas tic toys). ...-
Mark or ident ify large picture
wa lkt hrough doors so that un sus-
peering individuals will see them
and no t walk into the m.
Unpl ug electric cords when
equipment is not in use.
Swe e p up b ro ke n g lass
pro mp t ly and discard cracked
china an d glassware. Use
no nbreakable di shes and co ntain-
crs lor " II children and around til e
and ce ment surfaces.
God intended that we live full and
active lives. Not all accidents can
be avoided. But we can eli minate
many needless ones , or minimize
thei r severity, by more alertness
and foresightedness.
Solomon wrote : " The wise man
looks ahead. The fool attempts to
fool himsell and won 't face facts"
(P roverbs 14 :8, The Living
Bible) . 0
35
U.S. STATIONS
Eastern Time
AKRON - Ch annel 23. WAKRTV, 11:00 p .m.
Sun
ALPENA - Ch ann el 11, WBKBTV, 11:30 a.m.
Sun.
ATLANTA - Ch annel 1" WXI A-TV. 10:30 a.m.
Sun.
' BALTIMORE - Channel 45, WBFF-TV. 12:00
p .m. Su n.
BANGOR - Ch annel 5, WASI TV, 11:00 a.m.
Sun.
BINGHAMTON , N.Y. - Ch annel 40, WICZ TV ,
11:30 a.m. Sun .
' CHARLESTON - Channe l 2. w eBD-TV, 12:30
p.m. Sun.
CINCINNATI- Ch ann el 5, WLWTTV, 11:30
a.m. Sun.
' COLUMBI A - Ch annel 19, WNOK-TV, 10:00
a.m . Sun.
COLUMBUS - Channel 4, WCMH-TV. 10:30
a.m. Sun.
' DAYTON - Channel 2, WDTN-TV, 10:30 a.m.
Sun.
FLINT - Channel 12. WJRT-TV, 10:30 a.m.
Sun.
GREENVILLE, N.C. - Channel 9. WNCTT V.
10:30 p.m. Sun .
GREENVILLE, S.C. - Channel 4, WFB C- TV.
12:00 p.m. Sun .
HUNTI NGTON, W.V. - Ch annel 13, WaWK
TV. 12:30 p.m. Sun.
INDIANAPOLIS - Channel 4, wnV TV. 11:30
a.m. Sal.
JACKSONVILLE - Channel 12, WTLV TV.
12:30 p.m. Sat.
JOHNSON CITY - Channel 11, WJHLTV.
10:30 a.m. Su n.
' LANSING - ChannellQ, WILXTV. 10:30 a.m.
Su n.
LOUISVILLE - Channel 41. WORS-TV . 1:00
p .m. Sat .
NEW YORK - Channel 9. WORTV, Rotallng
Schedule
PHILADELPHIA - Channel 17, WPH L TV.
11:00 p .m. Sun.
PORTLAND - Channel 8, WMTW-TV. 11:30
a.m. Sun.
' PORTSMOUTH - Channel 10, WAVY-T V,
1:00 p.m. Sun.
' PROVIDENCE - Channel 12, WPAI.TV, 1:00
p.m. Sal .
SALISBURY - Ch annel 16, WBOC-TV, 11:00
a.m. Sun.
' SOUTH BEND - Channel 22, WSBT-TV, 12:00
noon Sun.
SPRINGFIELD - Channel 40. WHY N-TV. 1:00
p.m. Sat.
STEUBENVILLE - Channel 9, WSTV-TV, 12:00
noon Sun.
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Channel 7, WMAL-TV.
10:00 a.m. Sun.
WILMINGTON - Channel 6, WEC T TV. 11:30
a.m. Sun.
36
Central Time
ABIL ENE - Channel 12, KTXS-TV, 5:30 p.m.
Sun.
AL EXANDRIA - Cha nnel 5, KALB-TV, 10:00
a.m. Sun.
AMARilLO - Ch annel 10, KFOATV. 2:00 p.m
Sal .
BEAUMONT - Ch annel 12, KBMTTV, 12:00
noon Sun.
BISMARCK - Ch annelS. KFYA-TV. 12:00
noon Sat.
CHI CAGO - Channel 44, WSNSTV. 9:30 c.m.
Sun.
CORPUS CHRISTI - Channel 3, Kill-TV. 10:00
a.m. Sun.
DALLAS - Channel 11, KTVT.TV, 1:30 p.m..
Sun.
' COTHAN - Channel 18, WOHN-TV. 8:30 a.m.
Sun.
FAR GO - Channel 1" KTHI -TV. 12 noon Sun.
FT. SMITH - ChannelS, KFSM-TV. 12:30 p.m .
Sa t .
GAR DEN CITY - Channel 11, KGLDTV. 1:00
p .m. Sun.
GRE AT BEND - Channel 2, KCKT-TV. 1:30
p.m. Sun.
HATTI ESBURG - Channel 7, WDAM-TV. 4:30
p .m. Sun.
HOUSTON - Channel 39, KHTV TV. 9:30 a.m .
Sat.
HU NTSVILLE - Ch ann el 48, WYUR-TV. 5:30
p .m. Sun.
KA NSAS CITY - Cha nnel 4. WDAF-TV, 12:30
p.m. Sun.
' KEARNEY - Channel 13, KHGI TV, 12:30
p.m. Sun.
LUBBOC K - Channel 1" KCBD-TV, 12:00
noon Sun.
LUFKIN - Cha nnel 9, KTR E-TV. 2:00 p m. Sun .
MC COOK - Ch ann el 8, KOMC- TV. 1:30 p.m.
Sun
MERIDIAN - Ch ann el 11, WTOK-TV, 10:00
a.m. Sun.
MIDLAND - Ch annel 2, KMID-TV, 5:00 p.m.
Sat.
MINNEAPOLIS - Channel 11. WTCN:rv. 8:30
a.m. Su n.
' MONROE - Channel 10. KTVE TV. 9:30 a.m.
Sun.
MONTGOMERY - Ch annel 32. WKAB-TV. 3:30
p.m. Sun .
NEW ORLEANS - Channel 4, WWl-TV. 11:00
a.m. Sun.
NORTH PLAnE - Channel 2, KNOP-TV. 6:30
p .m. Mon.
OKLAHOMA CITY - Channel S. KOCO TV.
11:30 a.m. Sun .
OMAHA - Chann el 6, WQWT-TV. 3:00 p.m.
Sat.
PEORIA - Channel 19, WAAU-TV. 10:30 p.m.
Sun.
ROCKFORD - Channel 13. WREX TV, 9:00
a.m. Sun
' SHREVEPORT - Channel 6. KTALTV. 12:00
noo n Sat.
' SIOUX CITY - Channel 14. KMEG-TV. 11:30
a.m. Sun .
" SPRINGFI ELD, MO. - Channel 27, KMTC-TV ,
9:30 a.m. Sun
SPRINGFIELD - Channel 20, WI CS-TV. 12:30
p.m. Sat.
TEMPLE - Channel 6, KCEN. TV, 5:00 p .m.
Sun.
TOPEKA - Channel 27, KTSS-TV, 12:00 noon
Sat.
TUPELO - Channel 9, WTWV-TV. 5:00 p.m.
Sat.
TYLER - Channel 7, KLTV-TV, 10:30 p.m. Sun.
WICHITA - Channel 3, KARO-TV, 1:30 p.m.
Sun.
WICHITA FAllS - Channel 6, KAUZT V, 11:00
a.m. Sun.
Mountain Time
BOISE - Channel 6. KI VI-TV , 11:00 a.m. Sun.
GRAND JUNCTION - ChannelS, KAEX-TV ,
4:30 p.m. Mon.
' GREAT FAllS - Ch ann el S, KFBB-TV, 9:30
a.m. Sun.
" Mi l ES CITY - Ch annel 3. KYUSTV. 10:30
am. Sun.
MITCHELL, S.C. - Cha nnel 5 KXONTV, 8:00
pm. Sun.
PUEBLO - ChannelS, KOAA.TV, 9:30 a.m
Sun.
' ROSWELL - Channel 40, KBtM-TV, 12:00
noon Sun.
SALT LAKE CITY - ChannelS, KSl-TV. 12:30
p.rn Sat
TUCSON - Channel 9, KGUNTV. 1:00 n.m.
Su n.
Pacific Time
ANCHORAGE - Chan nel 13. KIMO-TV . 6:30
p .m. Wed.
CHICO - Chann el 12 KHSLTV, 10:30 a.m .
Sun.
FAI RBANKS - Cha nnel 11, KTVFTV. 5:00
p .m. Sat
HO NOLULU - Channel 2, KHONTV. 12:30
p.m. Sat
LAS VEGAS - Channel 8, KLASTV, 3:30 p.m.
Sat.
' l OS ANGELES - Channel 9. KHJ-TV, 10 '00
p .m. Sun.
POR TLAND - Channel 12. KPTVTV, 11:00
a.m. Sat.
REN O - Channel 2, KTVNTV, 3:00 p.m. Sat.
SACRAMENTO - Cha nnel 13. KOVATV. 11:00
a.m. Sun.
SALINAS - Cha nnel 8. KSBW-TV. 5:00 p.m.
Sun.
TACOMA - Cha nnel 11, KSTWTV, 11:30 a.m .
Sal.
CANADIAN STATIONS
AI/antic Time
HALIFAX - Ch ann el S. CJCH- TV, 2:30 p.m.
Sun.
ST. JOHN - Ch ann el 6. CJON.TV, 1.00 p.m.
Sun.
SYDNEY - Chann el 4. CJC B-TV, 2:30 p.m.
Sun.
Eastern Time
BARRIE - Channel 3. CKVR-TV, 12:00 p.m.
Sun.
KINGSTON - Channel 11. CKWS TV, 12:30
p .m. Sa l
MONTREAl- Cha nnel 12, 5:30 p .m.
Sun.
NORTH BAY - Chann el 4, CHNBTV, 12:00
noon Sun.
PETERBOROUGH - Channel 12, CHEX-TV ,
12:30 p.m. Sat.
' QUEBEC CITY - Chann el 5, 12:00
noon Sun.
SAULT STE. MARIE - Ch annel 2. CJIC-TV.
9:30 a.m. Sat.
SUDBURY - Channel 9. CKNCTV, 1:00 p.m.
Sun .
THUNDER BAY - Chann el 4. CHFO-TV. 1:30
p .m. Sun
TIMMINS - Channel 6, CFCL- TV. 1:00 p.m.
Sun .
Central Time
BRANOON - ChannelS, CKX TV, 4:00 p.m .
Sun.
REGINA - Channel 2, 12 noon Sun.
SASKATOON - Ch ann el 8, CFQC TV, 12 noon
Sun .
SWIFT CURRENT - ChannelS. CJ FB.TV,
11:15 p.m. Sun.
WINNIPEG - Channel 7, CKY-TV, 12 noon
Su n.
YORKTON - Channel 3, CKOS-TV. 12 noon
Sun.
ROCHESTER - WWNH, 930 kc.. 6:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
SAVANNAH - WSA V, 630 kc ., 7:00 p.m. Mon.-
Fri.
SCRANTON - WGBI, 910 ee.. 12:30 p.m. Mon .-
Fri . & Sun.
* SHEFFIELD - WSHF , 1290 kc.. 9:30 a.m. Sun .
SPRINGFIELD - WACE, 730 kc ., 12 noon
Mon .-Fri . & Sun.
STATESBORO - WWNS, 1240 xc.. WMCO-FM
100.1 mc., 7:05 p.m. Mon.-Fr i .
SYRACUSE - wsoa, 1220 kc .. 7:00 a.m.
Mon.-Fri.
TAMPA - WINO, 1010 kc..5:00 p.m. Mon.- Fri.
TOLEDO - WSPD, 1370 ke .. 6:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fr i. & Sun.
* UNIONTOWN - WMBS, 590 kc., 9:30 a.m.
Sun.
* VALDOSTA - WGAF, 910 sc., 10:30 a.m. Sun.
WALTERBORO - WALD, 1060 kc.. 12:00 noon
Mon.-Fri.
* WARREN, OH. - WHHH, 1440 kc. , 10:30 a. m.
Sun.
* WASHINGTON D.C. - WKYS-FM , 93 .9 me.
9:00 a.m. Sun.
* WASHINGTON D.C. - WRC, 980 kc ., 9:00
a.m. Sun.
WATERBURY - WDEV, 550 xc.. 6:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri.
WINTER GARDEN - WHLY-FM , 106.7 rnc..
7:00 a.m. Mon.-Fr i.
WHE ELING - WWVA, 1170 kc ., 5:00 a.m.
Mon.- Fri ., 8:30 p.m. Sun.-Fri., 10:30 a.m. &
11:30 p.m. Sun.
Cen tral Time
APPLETON - WAPL AM & FM, 1570 kc. 105.7
mc.. 6:00 p.m. Mon .- Fr i.
ATOKA - KEOR-AM, 1110 kc., 4:30 p.m. Mon .-
Fri .
ATOKA - KTEN- FM, 93 .3 mc.. 6:30 a.m . Mon .-
Fri .
AUSTIN - KLBJ, 590 kc.. 6:30 p.m. Mon .-Fri. ,
9:30 a.m. Su n.
BIRMINGHAM - WYDE , 850 kc.. 7:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i. , 6:30 a.m. & 6:30 p.m. Sun.
BOWLING GREEN - WLBJ , 1410 kc ., 5:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
CHICAGO - WMAQ, 670 kc .. 5:05 a.rn. Mon.-
Fr i.
COFFEYVILLE - KGGF, 960 kc.. 5:00 a.m.
Mon.-Fri., 6:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri.
* DALLAS - KRLD, 1080 kc.. 10:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri . & Sun.
DES MOI NES - KWKY, 1150 c.. 12:30 p.m. &
9:30 p.m. Mon.-Fr i ., & Sun.
DULUTH - WDSM, 710 kc ., 6:00 p. m. Mon.- Fr i.
EDEN PRAIRI E, MN. - KRSI, 8:00 p.m. Mon .-
Sun .
EVANSVILLE - WJPS, 1330 kc., 10:00 p.m
Mon.- Fri .
EVANSVILLE - WVHI-FM, 105.3 mc.. 4:30
p.m. Mon.Fri.
FAYETIEVILLE - KFAY, 1250 xc., 12:30 p .m.
Mon.- Fri .
GADSDEN - WAAX 570 kc., 12:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fr i., 12 noon. Sun.
GLADEWATER - KEES, 1430 kc.. 12 noon
Mon.-Fr i. & Sun .
GRAND FORKS - KRAD AM & FM, 1590 kc .,
103.9 rnc .. 12:30 p.m. Mon.-Fr i.
GREEN BAY - WGEE, 1360 kc . 6:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri.
* HOUSTON, MS. - WCPC, 940 kc ., 4:30 p.m.
Sun.
HOUSTON, TX. - KPRC, 950 kc., 10:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i . & Sun.
* I OWA CITY - KXIC, 800 kc .. 6:05 a.m. Mon.-
Fr i.
* JACKSON - WTJS, 1390 kc ., 7:00 p.m. Sun.
JONESBORO - KNEA, 970 kc ., 5:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
KA NSAS CITY - KMBZ, 980 ke ., 10:30 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i. & Su n.
LAKE CHARLES - KL CL. 1470 kc ., 10:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i.
- FI NDLAY, OH. - WFIN , 1330 kc .. 10:30 a.m.
Sun.
FLINT - WKMF, 1470 kc. 10:00 p.rn. Mon.-Fri .
FORT WAYNE - WGL, 1250 kc.. 6:30 p.rn.
Mon .-Fr i
- FRANKLI N - WFTN 1240 kc.. 12:00 noon
Mon.-Fr i.
GAINESVILLE - WAKA, 1390 kc., 7:00 a.m.
Mon.-Fri.
GAYLORD - WATC, 900 xc.. 12:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fr i.
GLOVERSVILLE - WENT 1340 kc.. 7:00 p. m.
Mon.-Fr i.
GREENVILLE - WNCT AM & FM 1070 kc. &
107.7 me., 6:30 p.m. Mon .- Fri.
HAMMONTON - WRDI, 1580 kc., 6:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
HARRISONBURG - WHP, 580 kc ., 7:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri. & Sun.
HARTFORD - WCNX, 1150 kc., 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
- HORSEHEAD, N.Y. - WENY, 1230 kc . 12:30
a.rn. Su n.
INDIANAPOLIS - WBRI, 1500 kc.. 2:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fri.
JACKSONVI LLE - WBI X, 1010 kc., 10:30 a.m.
Mon.- Fri.
JACKSONVILLE, Fl. - WCMG, 1090 kc.. 12
noon dail y.
JACKSONVI LLE, N,C. - WLAS, 910 kc ., 7:00
a.m. Mon .-Fri .
JOHNSTOWN - WJAC, 850 kc ., 7:00 p. m.
Mon .-Fri .
KA LA MAZOO - WBUK, 1560 kc., 8:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fri . & Sun.
KINGSPORT - WKPT, 1400 kc.. 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i ,
KIS SIMMEE - WFIV, 1080 kc.. 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
KNOXV ILLE - WSK T, 1580 kc., 8:00 a.m.
Mon.-Fri .
LANCASTER - WXRL, 1300 kc ., 6:30 a.m.
Mcn-Pn.
LAURINBURG - WST S-FM, 96.5 me., 12:30
p.rn. Mon .-Fri.
LENOIR - WJRI, 1340 kc., 6:30 p.m. Mon .-Fri .
LONDON - WFTG, 1400 kc.. 12:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri.
LOUISVILLE - WFIA AM & FM, 900 kc., 103.9
mc ., 11:30 a.rn. Mon.-Fri . AM; 7:00 a.m. Mon .-
Fri. FM
l OUISVILL E - WHAS, 840 kc., 11:30 p.m.
Mon.- Fri. , 8:00 p.m. Sun.
MIAMI - WI OD, 610 kc., 11:30 p.m. Mon.-Fr i.
* MONTGOMERY - WMGY, 800 kc .. 10:00 a.m.
Sun.
MONTPELI ER - WSKI, 1240 c.. 6:00 p.m
Mon.-Fri.
* NEW HAVEN - WEll. 960 kc ., 10:30 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i., 9:30 p.m. Sun.
NEW ROCHellE - WVOX, 1460 kc.. 12:30
p.m. Mon.-Fr i ., 10:00 a.m. Sun .
NEW YORK - WOR, 710 kc ., 6:30 a.m. & 11:30
p.m. Su n., 10:30 p.m. Mon.-Fr i.
NIAGARA FALLS - WHLD, 1270 kc., 6:30 a.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
PANAMA CITY, Fl. - WPCF, 1430 kc ., 6:30
p.m . Mon.-Fri .
PHILADelPHIA - WRCP, 1540 kc.. 12 noon,
Mon.-Fri., 10:30 a.m. Sun.
PIKEVILLE - WPKE. 1240 kc ., 6:00 p.m. Mon.-
Fri .
PITTSBURGH - WPIT, 730 kc ., 12 noon. Mon.-
Fr i ., 11:00 a.m. Sun .
PITTSBURGH - KQV, 1410 ke., 10:00 p.m.
Mon.- Fri .
PORTSMOUTH - WI OI, 1010 kc ., 12:35 p.m.
Mon.- Fri .
PROVIDE NCE - WJAR, 920 kc.. 11:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
RALEIGH - WPTF, 680 kc ., 1:15 p,m. Mon.-
Fr i., 9:30 a.m. Sun.
* RICHMOND - WRVA, 1140 kc ., 10:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fri . & Sun.
ROANOKE - WFIR, 960 kc., 7:00 p.m. Mon.-
Fri. & Sun.
ROCHESTER - WHAM, 1180 kc ., 11:30 p. m.
Mon .-Fr i .,1 0:00am, Sun .
PLEASE NOTE
This is only a partial li st ing. For a World-
wide Radio/TV Log please check inside
cover and write to the off ice nearest you .
Some time peri ods subject to occasional
pr e-empti on . Please check your l ocal
li sting for possibl e ti me or day changes.
'" denotes new stations or changes.
Pacific Time
DAWSON CREEK - Channel S. CJDC-TV, 5:30
p .m. Sun.
VANCOUVER - Chan nel 8, CHAN-TV, 11:30
a.m. Sun.
VICTORIA - Channel 6, CHEK-TV , 11:30 a.m.
Sun.
WHITEHORSE - Channel 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13,
WHTV-TV, 7:00 p.m. Sun .
Mountain Time
CALGARY - Channel 4, CFCN-TV, 4:00 p.m.
Sun.
* EDMONTON - Chan nel 3, CFAN-TV, 11:00
a.m. Sun.
LLOYDMINSTER - Channel 2, CKSA- TV, 1:00
p.m. Su n .
RADIO LOG
U.S. STATIONS
Eastern Time
AKRON - WSLR, 1350 kc.. 5:00 a.m . Mo n.-Fr i.
& Sun., 8:30 p.m . Sun.. 10:30 p.m. Mon.- Fr i.
& Sun.
ALLENTOWN - WSAN, 1470 kc ., 6:30 a.m.
Mon.-Fri .
ASHEVILL E - WWNC, 570 kc., 11:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i. & Sun.
AT HENS - WOOL, 1470 ke., 12:30 p.m. Mon.,
Fr i.
BALTIMORE - WTOW, 1570 kc ., 3:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i .
* BINGHAMTON - WKOP 1360 kc.. 8:00 a.m.
Sun .
BLUEFIELD - WKOY, 1240 kc.. 12:00 noon
Mon .-Fr i . 1:30 p.m. Sun.
BROCKTON - WBET AM & FM 1460 kc. , 97.7
mc., 6:30 p.m. Mon-Pn
CAYCE - WCAY, 620 xc.. 12:00 noon Mon.-Fr i.
CHARLESTON - WCHS, 580 ke .. 10:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
CHATTANOOGA - WDEF, 1370 kc. 5:00 a.m.
Mon.-Sat. 6:3Oa,m. Sun.
CHESAPEAKE - WCPK, 1600 kc ., 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr L
CINCINNATI - WLW, 700 kc ., 11:00 p.m. Sun.
CINCINNATI - WZIP , 1050 kc .. 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri.
CLEVELAND - WERE, 1300 kc .. 11:00 p.m.
Mon.- Fri.
CO LUMBUS - WWWY-FM , 104 .9 mc .. 6:00
p .m. Mon .-Fri.
DAYTO N - WONE, 980 kc .. 11:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri ., 8:30 p.m. Sun
* DECATUR - WQAK, 1310 kc ., 10:05 a.m .
Sun.
DE FUNIAK SPRINGS - WGTX, 1280 kc .,
WQU H-FM 103. 1 mc ., 12:15 p.m. Mon .- Fri .
DETROI T - WL DM-FM , 95.5 me ., 7:15 a.m.
Mon .-Fr i. , 9:00 a.m. Sun.
FAIRFIELD - WCNW 1560 kc., 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
'-- -----L ...l- _
37
LENO IR CITY - WLlL, 730 kc., 8:00 a.m. Mon .-
Fri.
LITTLE ROCK - KAAY. 1019 xc.. 7:30 p.m.
dally, 9:30 a.m. Sun., 5:15 a.m. Mon .-Fri .
- MAGEE, MS. - WSJC, 810 kc. , 10:00 a.m.
Sun .
MEMPHIS - WREC, 600 kc ., 11:00 p.m. Mon.-
Fri.
- MIDLAND - KWEL, 1600 kc.. 11:30a.m. Sun .
MILWAUKEE - WISN, 1130 kc ., 11:30 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i.
MOBILE - WKRG, 710 kc .. & 99.9 me. 11:30
a.rn. Mon .Fri ., & 7:30 a.m. Sun. 8:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fri . & Sun. (FM).
MONROE - KREB FM. 106.4 mc., 5:30 p.m.
Mon.-FrI ,
MT. VERNON - WMI X. 940 kc. , 7:00 p.m .
Mon.-fri. & Sun.
NASHVI LLE - WSI X, 980 kc., 8:30 p.m. Mon .-
Fri ., 8:00 p.m. Sun .
NEW ORLEANS - WWL, 870 kc.. 8:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fr. .
OKLAHOMA CIT Y - KTOK, 1000 kc., 10:30
p.m. Mon.-Fri . & Sun.
PADUCAH - WDXR, 1560 kc ., 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
PAMPA - KGRO. 1230 kc .. 6:00 p.m. Mon .-Fri .
PEORIA - WMBD. t470 kc.. 10:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri . & Sun .
ROCHESTER - KOLM , 1520 xc., 12:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
- ROLLA - KCLU AM & FM, 1590 kc., 94.3 mc..
12:25 p.m. Mon.-fri.
RUSSELLVILLE - KARV, 1490 kc.. 10:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fr i.
ST. JOSEPH - KUSN, 1270 kc.. 12:30 p.m.
Mon. Fri.
ST. PAUL - KRSI, 950 kc., 8:00 p.m. Mon.-Fri .
& Sun .
SAN ANTONIO - WOAI, 1200 kc.. 5:00 a.m.
Mon.-Sat., 7:30 p.m. Sun .
SHERMAN - KTXO, 1500 kc. , 5:00 p.m. Mon .-
Fri.
SIOUX FALLS, S.D, - KIOV.FM, 104.7me
12:30 p.m. Mon .-Fri.
SIOUX CITY, 10. - KSCJ , 1360 kc ., 6:15 p.m.
Mon.-Fri. & Sun .
TEXARKANA - KOSY , 790 ke., 5:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri.
- VICTORIA - KTXNFM, 98.7 me., 9:30 a.rn.
Sun .
- WATERLOO - KXEL, 1540 kc. , 8:30 p.m.
Mon .-Fr i. , 8:00 p.m. Sun., 105.7 me. FM, 8:30
a.m. Sun .
WAT ERTOWN - KWAT-FM, 96.1 me. 12:00
noon Mon .-Fri .
Mountain Time
AL BUQUERQUE - KOB, 770 kc., 11:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fri . & Sun .
ARVADA- KQXI, 1550kc., l :30p.m. Mon .-Fri .
BLACKFOOT - KBLI. 690 kc., 6:30 p.m. Mcn..
Fri.
BOI SE - KAIN. 1340 kc., 6:55 a.m. Mon .-Fri .
CASPER - KTWO, 1030 kc ., 6:05 p.m. Mon .-
Fri. & Sun.
DENVER - KOA, 850 ke., 10:30 p.m. Mon .-Fri .,
7:00 p.m. Sun.
DURANGO - KIUP , 930 kc. 6:00 a.m. Mon.-Fri.
FARMI NGTON - KRZE. 1280 ke., 6:00 a.m.
Mon .-Fri.
KALISPELL - KOFI, 1180 ke., 6:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri. & Sun.
-MISSOULA - KGVO. 1290 ke., 7:00 p.m.
Mon .-Fri .
ONTARIO, OR. - KSRV, 1380 ke., 7:00 p.m.
Mon.-Fri .
PRES con - KYCA, 1490 kc " 7:00 p.m. Mon .
fri o
SALT LAKE CITY - KSL, 1160 kc., 5:06 a.m. &
11:06 p.m. Mon .-Fr i ., 5:30 a.m. & 11:25 p.m.
Sun.
TUCSON - KTUC , 1400 kc., 12:45 p.m. Mon .-
fri o & Sun., 6:00 a.m. Mon .-Fri., 6:30 a.m.
Sun.
WHEATLAND - KYCN, 1340 kc ., 5:30 p.m.
Mon.-Fri.
38
Pacific Time
AUBURN, WA. - KGRG, 89.9 mc., 12:00 noon
Sun.
CHICO. CA. - KHSL, 1290 kc ., 7:30 p.m. Mon.-
Fri .
COVINA - KGRB , 900 kc. , KOB-FM, 98.3 me.,
12 noon Mon.Fri ., 9:00 a.m. Sun .
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AEROSOLS
ARE
DESTROYING
OUR
ATMOSPHERE
Interview with Dr. F. Sher-
wood Rowland, Discoverer
of the Aerosol Menace
Aerosol sprays are gradually
destroying the earth's protec-
tive ozone layer, according to
a recent National Academy of
Science report. But can some-
thing as innocent as a deodo-
ran t spray can r eall y
contribute to mi//ions of
deaths in a bizarre kind of
aerosol Armageddon? To find
out, Plain Truth Science Edi-
tor Robert A. Ginskey talked
with Dr. F. Sherwood Row-
land, atmospheric chemist at
the University of California, Ir-
vine, and co-discoverer of the
aerosol menace.
G
INS KEY: Dr . Rowland. just
wha t is the ozone layer, and
why i s it i mport ant to man-
kind?
ROWLAND: The ozone layer is a
protective shield co mpose d of an
unstable form of oxyge n called oz-
one. It is locat ed hi gh in th e upper
atmosphere. The ozone absorbs ul-
tra violet ligh t coming from t he sun
and t hus protects us fro m the ha rm-
ful effec ts of too much ultraviolet
radiation. The ozone also influences
the tempera ture of the stratosphe re,
whi ch may affect weather patt erns
and climat e in the lower at mo-
sphere.
Q . Do we have hard data on what
would result from a partial destruc-
tion of the ozone layer?
A. We do have hard data co ncern ing
the effect on human skin ca ncer - as
hard as environmental data ca n be-
come . The calculat ions indi cate that
if you were to red uce the ozone layer
by abo ut 5%, then th e hu man skin-
ca ncer rate would go up by abo ut
10%. At present, a bo ut th ree people
o ut of eve ry thousand get skin ca ncer
every ye a r in th e United States. T hat' s
th e hard data. But ot he r effects might
even be more import ant to the human
race - bi ol ogica l interr upti on of th e
food chain, climatic changes, and th e
like .
The recent Na tional Acad emy of
Science report stated that a reduc-
tion in the ozone um brella could
depress food production and d ras-
tically change the pla net' s cl imate.
Q . Are man 's activities i nfl uenci ng
the ozone layer?
A. Yes, t here a rc a nu mber of pos-
sible influences resulting from the
use of supersonic tr an sports. from
nucl ear bo mb testi ng. and fro m th e
release of the fluorocarbons used in
aeroso l spra ys and refriger ation.
Q . Do SSTs and nuclear bomb tests
pose a serious threat to the ozone
layer?
A. SO fa r. t he influe nc e from bomb
t e sting i n the a t mo sp he re h a s
ca used a marginal effect. The prob-
lem is that there' s too muc h natural
va riation in the ozon e layer for the
influence of nuclea r testing to show
up clea rly. An a ll-o ut nu cl ear wa r.
however. would be ver y devast at ing
to t he earth's ozone shield.
As for th e SST. the Natio na l
Academy report indica ted th at if we
we re flying 500 SSTs, t hey would
red uce the ozone layer in the north-
ern hemi spher e by abo ut 16%. The
present French-English Concordc
and t he Russian T U- 144 fly a t a
lower alt itude where there would be
a sma lle r effect . and t he number of
aircraft that th ey plan is about 30
ra ther than 500, so th e to tal effect
ex pec t ed f r om t he pre s e n t l y
pla nned SSTs is not too significant.
Q . How about the fluorocarbon aero-
sol propellants?
A. Th e fluorocar bons are good as
aeroso l propellants. But th e prob-
lem is that you release these mole-
cules in to the a t mos phere and th ey
then decompose. releasi ng chlorine
ato ms which are very active an d
which catalytically dest roy ozone .
Q . Aerosol industry spokesmen
claim that most of your predictions
are theoretical and lac k veri fication
in the real world.
A. It is certai nly true tha t the origi-
nal calculations were done on the
basis of laborat ory studies, But t he n,
it was onl y a " theory" that man
could go to the moon . Since our
original calculati ons. me asurements
have been mad e of the stra tos phere.
and these sho w that the meth od of
calculation was. in fact . quite accu-
rate. The recent Nat ional Acad emy
of Sci en ce report basica lly suppo rts
our concl usions.
Q. Critics claim that the i ncreased
chances of getting skin cancer from
the effects you forecast could also
be caused by, say. moving f rom New
York to Atlanta, where the ultraviolet
light is more intense.
A. Let ' s put it t his wa y. If yo u live in
Des Mo ines. your cha nce of gett ing
skin ca nce r is less than one third as
large as if you live in Dall as. The
lat est Nati onal Ca ncer Inst it ute Su r-
vey shows t hat the Dallas rate is 3.8
cas es per t housand per year. a nd the
Des Moi nes rate is 1.2 cases per
thousa nd per yea r. I don' t th ink
people want to make the ca ncer rat e
hi gher. But let's face it. It' s ultravio-
let lig ht o n the surfa ce of the earth
that' s causing skin ca ncer. The cor -
re lati on is ext re mely hi gh .
Q . Some people s ay all th is lejust
another environmental scare - one
of many alarms that have occurred i n
the past , and no doubt will conti nue
in t he future.
A. I t' s true th at there have been a
succession of environme nta l scares.
but in most cases. the y were per-
fec tly leg it imate. Take t he thalido-
mide scare. There wer e thousands of
babies being born wit ho ut arms and
legs. Now, th a lidomide has been
taken off th e market a nd ba nned
throughout t he world.
39
AEROSOL ARMAGEDDON?
What do supersonic transports,
aerosol sprays, and nuclear weap-
ons have in common? All produce
chemical agents capable of pene-
trating and decomposing the pro-
tective ozo ne umbrella of the
earth's atmosphere. Without the
ozone, all living things could die
from exposure to the worst of the
sun's ultraviolet radiation .
The chemical agents in quest ion
are oxides of nitrogen. released
into the upper atmosphere by the
jet engines of supersonic tr ansports
(SSTs) and by nuclear explosions,
and free chlorine. derived from
propellants used in aerosol cans.
Relatively small amounts of these
agents are sufficient to destroy
large quantities of ozone, itself an
extremely unstable molecule.
SSTs and Nuclea r Bombs
The potential dangers from SSTs
and nuclear explosions are stag-
gcring. Both thc SST and nuclea r
bombs inject nitrogen oxides int o
the atmosphere that can signifi-
cantly red uce the protection af-
ford ed by the ozone layer. In fac t,
a recent National Academy of
Sci ence rep ort concluded that nu-
clear war might cause more devas-
tation through the destruction of
th e ozone layer than by atomic
blast or fallout !
Ca tastrophIc Catalysts
Yet the most alarming threat is
probably the aerosol can.
The aerosol pr opellants are
large ly inert to chemical reaction.
But in certain cases , ultraviolet
light can ca use de composition. and
a "catalytic" reacti on may then oc-
cur in the atmosphere which de-
stroys ozo ne .
An estimated 10 bill ion pounds
of aerosol gas es are a l r ea d y
pr esent in the atmos phere. a nd
cvery year nearly a billion addi -
tional pounds are be ing dissipa ted
int o the environment from spray
ca ns and industrial applications.
60,000 Deaths Annually
Some a uthorities assert that wit hin
20 years the ozone layer ma y be
40
depleted by as much as 16% resu lt-
ing in 500,000 to 1.5 mill ion ad di-
tional cases of skin cancer and
20,000 to 60,000 deaths annually.
"The irony," says famed as-
tro nomer and ex-biologist Carl Sa -
gan, "i s tha t every spray of your
de odorant may contribute to an at-
mospheric catastrophe. . . . We
may be the best smelling dead
men in history."
Other Dange rs
The effects of increased radiation
on veget ation are less clear. An in-
creased incidence of mutation has
been observed in cer tain experi-
mental strains. a nd there are some
indications that inc reased radi -
ation will interfere wi th the growth
of plankton in the ocean. Ozone
depletion mig ht also produce cli-
matological effects. An increase in
ultraviolet radi ation might, for ex-
ample, lead to an increased melt-
ing of polar ice. Alternat ively, a
redistribution of ozo ne in the at-
mosphere might reduce the aver-
agc global temperature.
Scenario of Disaster?
Yet before ma nki nd lapses into
hysteria ove r " Ban the can." per-
haps we should remember that the
earth' s sophisticated life-support
system often ha s a remarkable ca-
pacity to recover from even the
mos t ill -conceived blunders of
mankind, and quite possibl y a
weakened "ozone filter" will cause
ozone to be produced at a signifi-
cantly higher rate.
On the other hand, aerosols
ha ve pr obably already doomed
more people than were kill ed by
the atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima. The threat is very real,
and it' s not just a bad joke.
" We are tal king," says space sci-
e n t is t Thoma s M. Donahue.
"a bout the end of the world -
doomsday in 25 years."
Aerosols? Ozone? Doomsday?
The irony is overwhelming. Our
Ae rosol Armageddon may yet
come to pass, not wit h a ba ng, but
with a pssst !
- R. A. Ginskey
T hen, t her e wa s th e mercury
scare. In Japan, mercury poison ing
killed a number of people and se-
verely maimed othe rs by affec ting
the br ain. The re was a very large
mer cury poisoning outbreak in Iraq
several years ago. There's no q ues-
t ion t ha t orga nic mercury com-
pounds do have very bad effect s on
people.
Cu rrently, there is the vinyl chlo-
ride sca re - agai n, perfectl y legiti-
mate. The people in the vinyl
chloride plants are getting angiosa r-
coma of the liver. But they aren' t
ge tting it until 20 years or so aft er
exposure to it.
Q . What a bout asbestos?
A. Again. the as bestos scare seems
to be perfectly legit imat e. People
wo r ki ng in as bestos plants and
br eathing in the fibers are devel-
opi ng lun g ai lme nts and other mal-
adies. At the same time, the re may
be other sca res which may prove to
be less hazardous.
Man has developed the a bi lity to
co nta mina te hi s environme nt in
ways we a re only beginning to un-
de rst and, and he is findin g out that
a lot of these conta mina tions do
have delet eriou s effects on a longer
time sca le. The reason we' re having
so many scares is that we've ignored
it for so long.
Q . Why were we so oblivious to the
dangers?
A. Twenty-five years ago . a mea-
surement of one part per mi llion
was a very good scientific measure-
ment ; now \ \ 'C are routinely doing
analyses in the one part per trilli on
range - that' s one part in a million
million. Since many of these pollu-
tion problems a re below the pa rts
per milli on level, we sim ply could n' t
detect them, even if we had thou ght
to try.
O. Are we sure there are not ot her
ways 0' ta king these aerosol propel-
l ants out of the environment, ways
t hat would not i nvol ve t he des truc-
t ion of ozone?
A. T hese molecule s of fluorocarbons
are very inert and tend to stay in the
atmosphere for periods of up to a
hundred yea rs. Some of the mole-
cu les do freeze out in Anta rctica .
and a small fraction do di ssolve in
the oceans, but only very minor at-
mospheric sinks have been found.
The recent di scovery of chlorine ni-
trates in the atmosp he re is thought
to be a possible sink for some of the
ch lorine, but it doesn't appear to be
signi ficant.
Q. It almost sounds like science fic-
tion. Are we really supposed to be-
lieve that every spray of our
deodorant can is contributing to a
potential atmospheric Armageddon?
A. It does see m a litt le bit like
science fiction. But we have to re-
member that there's a delay period
that' s invol ved bet ween the time
you rel ease gases on the surface of
the ea rth and the time they ha ve
their elfect on the ozone layer.
There' s a delay period of a dec'ade
or more, so tha t the ma ximum effe ct
on the ozone layer of the gases re-
leased in 1976 won ' t be felt until the
la te 1980s. This delay period makes
it see m like a science- fiction type of
choice in that on e ha s to stop doing
it now in order to pr event some t hing
ha ppening in 10 or 15 years.
Q . Would it be beller to wait a few
years before we take act ion, as t he
NAS report recommends?
A. We a lready know that the fluoro-
ca rbons go to the stra tos phere. and
we know that they decompose the re.
We know their rat es of reac tion. so
we can calculate quit e accura tely
the rat e of the remova l of ozone. We
kn ow that ther e is a pr ed ict able ef-
fect, with reasonabl e accuracy, of
human skin cancer. What we don' t
know is whethe r there are other bio-
logical effects, But we'r e not going
to have answer s to these quest ions
in th e next few years. We'r e going to
ha ve to mak e a decision on banning
ae rosols wi thout knowing the mag-
nitude of the climatic effect s be-
ca use it will take at least 10 or 20
years of research for us to have an
accu rate underst anding of wha t the
elfects will be.
Q . Ar e you sayin g that we sh oul d
ban aerosols?
A. If we go on at the present rate for
a nother five or six years, that will
double the conce ntra tion of tluoro-
ca r bons in t he a t mosphe re . At
present, we have calculated a 1%
reducti on in the ozone layer. If we
sto pped completely now and re-
leased no more fluorocarbons, we
wo uld expect a bout a 2% decrease
of ozone in the late 1980s. If we wait
five or six years and the n stop, the
level will be about a 2% reduct ion,
and it will rise to a 3% defici t in the
early 1990s. Oregon ha s al rea dy
ba nned fluor ocarbons in aerosol
sprays effect ive March 1, 1977.
We already know that we're going
to have to act. I think we should be
conservative abo ut doi ng things to
th e environment whic h are potenti-
ally cata strophic. 0
CHRllSllMAS
(Conti nued f rom page 21)
This action placed the Christian
eh urch of lat er centuries in a di-
lemma. leaving it vulnerable to he a-
then elements ent ering the Christian
re ligion. As the ma sses ga ined en-
tr ance into the church. parti cularly
afte r Emperor Constantine em-
br aced Christ ianity, they wer e not
content to limit their religi ous fervor
to a belief in Christ alone. The new
converts were used to annual festi ve
oc cas io ns, whi ch the Chr ist ia n
chur ch lacked. Th e church leaders
could offer new members no mean-
ingful festivals in excha nge for the
outr ight heathen ones the y were
used to observing.
Unwilling to return to the bi bli-
ca lly sa nctioned holy da ys, espe-
cially since the rift bet ween the Jews
and Gentiles had wid ened a ppre-
cia bly by the fourth century, the
church at Rom e ca pitulated a nd
allowed the pagan fe sti val on De-
ce mber 25 to be ob served - with
one exception. however. Chr ist was
to be worsh iped on that day inst ead
of the sun god. Thus a pagan festi-
va l received a Christian dressing.
The fact that the Christian world
commemorat es the birth of Christ
on December 25 is not due to any
di vine sa nction nor by New Testa-
ment authority. The first Christ mas
in Rome owes its origin to the pre-
vai ling cir cumstances of the fourt h
century, whi ch forced bo th the Ro-
man emperor a nd bishop of Rome
to compromise with the heathen
populace. Rome, not the New Tes-
tament church. sa nctioned a De-
ce mbe r 25 festi val to " ho nor"
Christ.
If you would like more informa-
tion regarding the seven annual fes-
t iva ls sa nc t ioned by th e Bible,
please wr ite for our free bookl et on
the subj ect. 0
INFlATION
(Continued f rom page 16)
vaca tion for? How much are th e
ed ucat iona l benefi ts worth? Enough
to skimp on the food budget ?
It do esn't matter how we answer
these questions as much as it mat-
ters th at we indeed ask them and
that we are fully pr epared to accept
the fact that we may hav e to give up
somet hing to keep some thi ng.
O
The Friendship
Principle
Pr ivacy is not without its cos ts.
Modern man 's procli vity to sepa ra te
him self into isol at ed nucl ear fam-
ilies means families often do not
enjoy some of the benefits and
" economies of sca le" whi ch could
otherwise come their way if they got
together with othe rs more often.
The "friends hip principl e" is best
illustr ated in such things as po t-luck
dinner s, ca r pools, a nd food co-o ps.
all of which sav e money. The prin-
ci ple can eve n be ca rried to the
poi nt of exc ha nging services: the
help of a friend who, say. fixes autos
for a living ca n be returned if yo u
do construct ion wor k and he ha p-
pe ns to be adding on a room to his
hou se. In each case. expensive labor
costs are avoided.
The principle is one pa rticularly
hel pful for olde r peo ple. Many se-
ni or citizens choose to live alone
voluntarily, which is, of cou rse, their
pr erogati ve. but it is a choice which
cos ts them mon ey. At the very leas t,
in some such cas es, it would be wise
to give some thought to the possi-
bility of taking on a roomma te, a
de cision wh ich mi ght even tua lly
create an atmosphere of emotio nal
su ppo rt as well as cutting costs.
Perhaps the worst thing abo ut in-
flati on is that it is a res pecter of
per sons. Olde r peop le, those on
fixed incomes. and the unemployed
ge t hi t the worst. Eve n the typica l
working householder has eno ug h
problems keeping up on the tre ad-
mill , ba rely stay ing ahead of being
sucked down into the chasmic ma w
of penury. While the rea l "solution"
is governmental (and therefo re im-
probable), individua ls ca n still roll
with the punc hes. eve n improving
their lot - which is a good ide a ' til
Messiah come. 0
4'
Personal from...
(Continued from page I)
needed her more, these past 9 years.
than while she lived - although she
could never have undertaken thi s
new and present dimension of the
"great commission" that has de-
volved on me. for she could never
have withsto od the rigorous ordeal
of worldwide travel I have to endure
now. Nor could any other woman of
that age . for that matter. And I
would never have len her alone at
home. for I am nov..' away about
three fourths of the time.
But back to some important fact s
bro ught to light in thi s new book.
Ano the r t rend - the experts agree -
is that the divorce ra te of people
from 45 to 60 is rising rapidly.
And this is one fac tor that is con-
tribut ing towa rd a ne w an d growing
TRAGEDY in the Un ited Sta tes. and
undoubtedly. in many othe r co un-
tries.
This growing TR AGEDY is the fact
that II Y, million peo ple ove r age 55
a re living ALONE. widows, widowers,
a nd the di vorced - plus a compara-
tive few who never ma rried .
T HI S I S AP PROXIMATELY ONE
TH IRD OF THE ENT IRE U.S. POPU-
LATIOS AROVE 55!
In Ma rch 1971. ther e were in the
U.S. approximately 11.000.000 mar-
ried couples. or approximat ely 22
million people a bove age 55 who
were married. But approximately
II v., milli on people above 55 were
sing le a nd ALONE. Of these. for
every sing le man, there were FOUR
si ng le women above age 55 livin g
a lone.
When God said. "It is NOT GOOD
that the man should be alone."
woman had not yet been created. It
wa s for that very reason - that it
wa s NOT good that one sho uld be
alone - that God crea ted WOMAN.
If it is not good that a ma n should
be alone. the same applies to a
woman.
The eno rmity of th is growing
tragedy becomes all the more a p-
parent when we consider that this is
a GROWING condit ion. Dr. Peter-
son's book sta tes that in the U.S.
42
within two decades HALf the tot al
U.S. popul ati on will be over 50
years ol d .
For this very reason. he says. it is
very importa nt that the my ths about
"old age" be exposed and eradi-
cated f rom the po pular mind .
These. he says. are myt hs that are
DESTROYING the lives of people
above 55.
The Peterson and Payne book
gives a breakdown on the single per-
so ns left ALONE past age 55. as of
March 1971. There were approxi-
mately 8.300.000 widows. 1.700.000
wid owers and appr ox ima tel y
1.000.000 sin gle women who had
been divorced and a half million
single men because of divorce. This
to tal s the tragic number of
11.500.000 people over 55 who are
single and mostly living ALONE -
slightly more than half as many as
we re ma rr ied .
The book po ints out that every
huma n bei ng - mal e and female
alike - NEEDS love and a ffection.
And this a pplies to infants in the ir
first year wh o need and th rive on
affect ion a nd love expressed by par -
ents. Growing child ren NEED not
only compa nionship a nd guidance
(ye s. and di scipline exercised with
wisdo m) bu t a lso love and affect ion
fro m parents. No one qu estions the
need for roma nce sure to be sought
by or before the ea rly and mi d-20s .
Companionship. wit h the expression
of affection an d love . is necessa ry.
even as an emotional and spiritual
FOOD. throu g hou t marriage -
which . I D E A L L Y. s h o u l d la st
t h ro ug ho u t life. re gardless o f
age.
The "GREAT MYTH" as I would
phrase what is the great conce rn ex-
pressed by Drs. Pet er son and Payne
in Love in the Lat er r ears is the
su ppos itio n assumed generally that
ro mance. love. and a ffection are ap-
propriate and even needed in the
20s. bu t by mi ddle age or after it is
ridiculous - that by midd le age
people are not supposed to retain
energy. vigor. an d active -minded ac-
complis hme nt. Compa nionsh ip .
love. a nd affection are the very
FOOD for an ene rge tic and dynamic
success built th rou gh the 20s. 30s.
a nd 40s. and perh aps even into the
early 50s. bu t after tha t peopl e are
su pposed to become se nile. sexua lly
indifferent. impotent. fr igid. a nd
co mpletely usel ess. They arc sup-
posed to ret ire an d sink into hel pless
use lessness.
It is precise ly becau se so many.
goin g t hro ugh t h e 20s to and
through the 50s. think that is what
they are SU PPOS ED to do that they
bog down and live up to the ensla v-
ing !o. IYTH !
People seem to ass ume that a ft er
the 50s the human mind is suppos ed
to decay. Perhaps some few. accept-
iog the myth. have bogged down
and grown seni le. That is a traged y.
It happens only to the mind that has
not been USED. A mind 1!o.1PROVES
with use a nd age . Wi sdom co mes
with experience and AG E.
In my personal expe rience - and
why shouldn't I share the benefit of
tha t experie nce a nd knowledge with
my mill ion s of reader s - I ha ve pro-
d uced my greatest accompl ishment
since I hi t the ca lenda r age of 80. Of
co urse tha t' s not my actual age -
only wha t the calendar says. The
most import an t KNOWLEDG E has
been learned since then . I spea k
today with mor e vigo r, effect iveness,
a nd power than in my 40s.
Yes. as a man THI NKS in his he art.
so is he.
More power to Dr s. Pet erson and
Payn e. and to other researchers. in
their efforts to abolish the Satan ic
\1 YTII ! 0
THE PLAIN TRUTH
EN ESPANOL
Si usted tiene alqun familiar a
amigo qu e cree que se tntere-
sana en los arnculos presenta-
dos en The Pl ain Truth si s610 se
editar an en espanol, part icrpele
que puede reci bir la edicion en
espali ol de The Plain Truth ( La
Pura Verdad) con s610 escribir-
nos i ndicando su desea de
hacerse suscriptor de la misma .
o si usted prefiere reclbir nuestra
edi cion en espanol, escrfbanos
a la dir ecci on que aparece a
continuaclcn y sohcite La Pura
Verdad. Como todas nuestras
publicaciones, La Pura Verdad
se le enviara gratis .
INSTITUCION AMBASSADOR
APARTADO POSTAL 111
PASADENA, CA. 91123
INBRIEF
POLITICAL PROMISES-
AND REALITY
by StanleyR. Rader
The author accompanies Plain
Truth Editor-in-Chief Herbert
W. Armstrong on his frequent
visits with heads of state and
other leading international
dignita ries.
"Hardline by Blacks Perils Rhode-
sian Plant!" "Twenty Killed in Up-
surge of Rhodesia Fighting !"
" Rhodesia' s War Conti nues!"
These are only a few of the head-
lines that have screamed at us re-
cently from the pages of our daily
newspapers. Yet, it was only a few
short weeks ago that Mr. Kissinger
announced yet another " peace"
that he had miraculously engi-
neered dur ing his latest mission to
Africa. What a paradox!
In reality, has not another Kiss-
inger " peace plan," so carefully
timed to maximize its U.S. election
impact. been revealed as Just one
more piece of stagecraft rather
than true statesmanship?
Let's examine, for a moment,
what Secretary of State Kissinger
has apparently effected thus far
for Rhodesia and for its white mi-
nority. He shuttled between vari-
ous black African states, meeting
with their leaders, who were
threatening to use force against
Rhodesia in violation of inter-
national law if the governmenf of
Rhodesia did not turn over power
to the black majority. Mr. Kiss-
inger apparently received the
promises of these various black
leaders not to go fa war against
Rhodesia, and then, proceeding
on to Salisbury, Mr. Kissinger con-
fronted Prime Minister Smith with
his proposal that an interim gov-
ernment be formed immediately to
bring about black majority rule
wi fhin a two-year period during
whic h there woul d be adequate
provisions to prevent a bloodbath.
Whaf Mr. Kissinger did not do
was to shuttle between fhe two
co mpeting Rhodesian guerrilla
f ac t i on s head ed by Josh ua
Nkomo and Robert Mugabe, who
are now demanding immediate
and absol ute rule for the black
majority. They have refused to ra-
tify the agreement made between
Mr. Kissinger and Mr. Smith, and
the evidence received from Rho-
desia is that the black guerrilla war
has escalated since Prime Minister
Smith publicly agreed to black
maj ority rule within two years.
There will be a continued effort
for peace during the conference
scheduled to begin in late October
in Geneva duri ng which an interim
government is to be formed, but it
is doubtful that there will be a
peacef ul tran si ti on from th e
present white minority to the black
majority.
While guerrilla war continues
unabated in Rhodesia, Americans
are caught up in the coming Presi-
dential election . Last week I
watched the second Ford-Carter
debate along with 80 million other
Americans . I remembered, as both
men were doing thei r best to
promise everything to the Ameri-
can people, the evening that I
spent with Franz Joseph Strauss
of West Germany shortly after
President Nixon's inauguration in
January 1969. On that occasion
the former minister at defense and
finance was asked by one of those
present what he thought President
Nixon was thinking about above
all other things at that moment.
Witho ut any hesit ati on , Mr .
Strauss stated: "Why, how to get
elected again in 1972."
It is unfortunately true that too
often political leaders have been
more concerned about their own
personal success than the social
responsibilities that devolve upon
them on ascending to the office
that they have so dutifully sought.
It is also too painfully true that
leaders have often promised the
impossible and the unreal -
promises that have not only left
social and economic problems un-
solved, but have also resulted in
an incredible loss of human life.
Let us never torgef that only a
short time ago the leaders of Ger-
many and Japan led their people
in a war to conquer the world - a
war that cost at least 30 million
human lives. Let us also not forget
that only a few years ago the U.S.
was engaged in a bloody war in
Vietnam - a war that was to per-
mit South Vietnam to remain free
of domination from Nort h Vietnam,
a war that was to keep Southeast
Asia free of communist domina-
tion, a war that was to convince
our allies we would honor our
defense commitment to any gov-
ernment, and a war that, in the
end, did not prevent the South
Vietnamese government from col-
lapsing.
It should be abundantly clear
that only when world leaders put
aside their own petty ambitions
and greedy national aspirations
and begin to genuinely think in
terms of the needs and welfare of
their own people and at the world
as a whole will the peace and
prosperity that they so glibl y
promise become a reality. The
daily news, however, holds out
little hope that such a change of
heart will be soon forthcoming. As
The Plain Truth has for so long
proclaimed, it will require the inter-
vention of almighty God and the
imposing of his government of
love and outgoing concern to fi-
nally put an end to the strife, tur-
moil , and confusion we find in the
world today.
43
Christmas and Christ's Birthday
P
eace on earth, good will toward
men" may sound trite and hol-
low this year. But in spite of
territying world troubles, the tradi -
tional, commercial, chief of the
" Christian" holidays looms on the
horizon once again. Yet, chances
are, you would flunk miserably in a
simple test about its origins. Go
ahead, take a chance and find out:
TRUE OR FALSE
1. Christ mas is t he birthday of
Jesus Christ.
2. Santa Claus was one of three
wise men.
3. The holly wreath is chosen be-
cause of its red and green color -
and everyone knows red and green
are traditional Christmas colors .
4. The Christmas tree is an ancient ,
pagan symbol.
5. Kiss ing under the mistletoe
comes to us from an early Ameri-
can custom.
6. The "Christmas spirit of giving"
comes to us from the example of
the wise men at Christ 's manger
birt hplace.
7. The yule log is only a strange
name attached to a log our fore-
fathers used to drag in to be burned
in the fireplace.
8. We don't "wassail " anymore,
because people can 't hear us
" wassailing" over thei r TV sets.
9. There are more murders in the
24-hour period including Christmas
eve and Christmas day than during
any other comparable period in the
year.
10. We observe Christmas because
of the Bible example.
44
ANSWERS
1. False. Scholars know Jesus was
not born on or anywhere near De-
cember 25. The Romans ancient ly
observed their " Brumalia" on that
date. It was the " Saturnalia" sea-
son when the pagan Romans peti-
tioned their imagined "sun God" to
begin his annual journey into north-
erly latitudes once more.
2. False. The Bible nowhere states
there were three. Some historical
evidence indicates there may have
been twelve. "Santa Claus" is a fig-
ment of man's imagination.
3. False. The holly berries were
used as ancient sex symbols, repre-
senting the propagation of life -
tertility.
4. True. Read the " Origin at Mod-
ern Christmas Customs" on page
20 of this issue for further informa-
tion on this subject.
5. False. Mistletoe is a parasite and
was formerly a Celtic fertility sym-
bol. Kissing under it was to " come
under its spell." It was used by the
heathen in sex rites and in worship
of fertility.
6. False in two ways. The wise men
gave their gifts to Christ. Modern
peopl e never seem to do this. They
exchange gifts among themselves.
Furthermore, the wise men never
saw Christ in the manger. He was
already in a HOUSE by the time they
arrived - when he was several
weeks of age (Matt. 2:11).
7. False. It was a symbol of fertility
in the ancient Germanic religion.
8. You may be right either way.
Wassailing could get you mugged,
robbed or raped - and people
don't generally appreciate neigh-
borhood singing anyway.
9. True. The " spirit of Christmas"
in bottl ed form has been a direct
contributor to this shocking fact
from police blotters.
10. False. The Bible nowhere iden-
tifies the exact date of Jesus' birth
- even conceals his age by saying
he was "about" 30 at the beginning
of his ministry. Rather, the Bible
condemns learning pagan, heathen
customs and then using them to
celebrate events concerning the life
of the true God. (Read Deuteron-
omy 12:30-32.)
Score yourself " Excellent " for 9
or more cor rect, " Good" for 7 to 8
correct, " Fair" for 5 to 6 correct,
" Poor" for 2 to 4 correct , and " Ut-
ter Flunkout " for having only one
cor rect, which could have been an-
swered either way.
Millions in the Western world will
take temporary time out from their
usual activities to become sub-
merged in the flood tide of annual
Christmas shopping, traffic jams,
parties, and exchanging of gifts.
Somehow all the clamor, noise,
confusion, and commercialism are
supposed to have something to do
with Christ's birthday.
But does it, really?
Plain Facts About Christmas
Ever wonder what " wassailing" had
to do with wise men, mistletoe with
the Magi, martinis with Mary, Santa
with saints?
First, let's admit some widely
known facts. Christmas is never
mentioned in the Bible. The wise
men arrived at Christ's place of
birth long after (numerous scholars
admit as much as several weeks) he
was born. Scholars freely admit he
was not born on or anywhere near
December 25. (Read the proof in
our free article "When Was Jesus
Born?" ) The Magi gave their gifts
directly to Christ and didn't ex-
change them among themselves.
Christmas Antedates Chr lstlanityl
Christmas, say all the authorities,
long antedates Christianity. Its ori-
gins go back to pagan Babylon,
Greece, Rome, and Egypt.
There, in various guises, similar
customs were observed by these
ancient pagans on the birthday of
their god - the god of the sun.
They observed his fanciful birthday
at the time of the "Safurnalia, "
which took place at the time of the
lowest ebbing of the sun toward the
south (in the northern hemisphere)
and the begi nning of its journey
back toward spring and summer.
They had various symbols. Sym-
bol s stand for things. These stood
for a wide variety of pagan super-
stifions involving the source of life
- fertility. They had a little tree,
which was supposed to have grown
up overnight out of an old dead log.
The tree was a precursor of fhe
modern-day Christmas tree.
They had wreaths of holly, be-
cause if was one of the rare plants
still producing little round berries
even in the snowy north. They used
mistletoe because it was a fertility
symbol.
What Is the Difference?
But so what? Aren't these facts
more or less common knowledge?
Sure they are. They are pub-
lished in religious newspapers and
cheerfully admitted by religious edi-
tors each year. Then does it make
any difference?
Not if there isn't any God.
But what if there is?
Then it would make a lot of differ-
ence - especially if fhat God says a
great deal about these very same
customs in his Word'
And God says it does make a
great deai of difference!
You' ll be positi vely amazed,
shocked, when you read The Plain
Truth About Christmas! In this free
booklet are facts you simply can' t
afford to be without - yet it costs
CORRECTIONS
The cartoon appearing in the October
issue with the article "GTA Speaks
Out" shouldhave had the credit: Draw-
ing by Whitney Darrow, Jr. 1976,
The New Yorker Magaz ine, Inc.
On page 22 of the November issue,
we staled that Alan Reininger was a
French photographer. We want to cor-
rect ourselves by stressing that he is
an Israeli citizen.
you absolutely nothing. It is free of
charge!
Here, revealed directly from au-
thentic historical sources and from
your own Bible is the story of
Christmas and what you don't know
about it.
It's the biggest holiday of the
year, but you've probabl y never
looked into its meaning! In this
bookl et you'll read the incredi ble
truth about all the accompanying
paraphernalia of this season. You'll
be challenged. You'll be shockedI
So, before you forget it, write for
it right now. 0
PEACE
(Continued trom page 25)
of that law find peace at every turn
(Proverbs 3:7). Those who live and
obey God's law experience great
peace of mind as a way at life
(Psalm 119:165).
On the other hand, those who
refuse or neglect to obey it, find
peace of mind an impossibility
(Isaiah 57:21).
The fact remains, unless and until
we get into harmony with God's
law, peace will remain as elusive as
ever.
Two : A Mind of Peace
The precept s and pri nciples of
God's law stand as little more than
empty, meaningless words on the
pages of the Bible unless actuated
by a frame of mind or attitude that
earnestly desires to put God's law
into practi ce. The Bible refers to
this kind of mind as a mind guided
by and imbued with the spint of
God, the spirit of peace.
If all men in all nations were im-
bued with the power of this spirit,
they would be capable of control-
ling the innate drives and lusts that
lie at the root cause of war (James
4:1). Similarly, if men within individ-
ual societies were motivated by this
great gift, the same peace would
ensue on a domestic scale.
The human emotions produced
by God's spirit in a man's life are
concern, kindness, consideration, a
desire to contr ibute to the welfare of
others - and peace (Galatians
5:22-23). By having God's spirit, a
man is able to live genuinely and
sincerely at peace with his neigh-
bor , his family, and himself.
Obeying God's law through the
spirit of God enables a man to resist
the causes which prevent peace in
his own life. And yet, for the dream
of " peace on earth" to become a
reality on a worldwide scale, a third
condition must be met.
Three: A Government of Peace
That requi rement involves acknowl-
edging God's government of peace.
The Bible reveals in just a few short
years, just before mankind is about
to annihilate himself, God is goi ng
to supernaturally intervene to pre-
vent such insanity and finally estab-
lish his government on this earth as
the ultimate solution to peace (Rev-
elation 11:15). It will be the greatest
act of peace in history.
At that time, when Jesus Christ
the Messi ah - the " Prince of
Peace" (Isaiah 9:6) - returns to
this warwracked earth, the hor-
rendous cycle of war after war after
war will at last be broken, never to
resume again! Nati ons wi ll be
forced to beat bayonets, tanks,
guns - even spears - into tractors,
plowshares, pruning hooks, and
other useful farming implements
(Isaiah 2:4).
God's government will usher in
domestic peace within as well as
among nations. People living in so-
ciety will dwell together harmo-
niously or face painful , yet loving,
correction (Revelation 2:27).
Men, who naturally love them-
selves a great deal, will strive to
love their neighbors just as much as
themselves (Matthew 22:39). Gov-
ernment-sponsored educat ional
programs will teach everyone the
great sanctity and importance of
the basic unit of society - the
home. Peace of mind through
God's spirit will finally be available
to all men the world over.
This season let's lay aside self-
ishness, greed, jealousy, and all
those negative emotions that form
the basis of individual conflicts and
national wars. Let' s instead con-
cent rate on love, kindness, and
consideration. Let's begin seeking
real " peace on earth, good will to-
ward men" God' s way. 0
45
GOING TO
COLLEGE?
Meet John and Kristy...
John Stryker is an interna tio nal stude nt from
Kit chener, Onta rio. Canada, whose major is mass
co mmunicat ions. John plans to enter the fi eld of
public relati on s after graduating f rom Ambassado r
College.
Kri sly Woodbridge came to Ambassador Coll ege
fro m Well ingt on, Kansas. With her maj or in Engli sh
and mi nor in psychol og y, Kr isty int ends to pursue a
career in pr of essional writi ng. She's also looking
forwar d to being marr ied and having a famil y.
Th ei r career plans are different , but these two
st udents have in common some very high ideals. And
Ambassador Co llege is a place wh ere high ideal s are
not the exception. They are the norm - for students,
faculty, and administrat ion alike.
So like most of t heir f riends, John and Krist y aren't
sati sfi ed wi t h the world t hey see around them.
They' re working to prepare themselves so t hat one
day they can have a part in making it bett er.
That ' s Why they came to Ambass ado r College.
For inf ormat ion abo ut admissions, call toll -tree (800)
423-4444 [ex cept in Californi a, Alaska, and Hawaii ,
call (213) 577-5000] , or wr ite:
Ambassador
C 1
Admissions Office
300 West Green St.
01ege Pasadena, CA 91123
Ambassador College admit s students of any race , color, national ,
and eth nic or igin.
In accorda nce wit h Ti tle I X of the Higher Educational Amendments
of 1972, as applicabl e and not ttteretrom exempted, Ambassador
College does not discriminate on the basis of sex in educational
programs. ac ti vitie s, or empl oyment.
Clip and mail
with address label
at right 10:
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