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El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en ingls. Se corresponde a los verbos espaoles "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata.
Mary is 20 years old / Maria tiene 20 aos I am 21 / Yo tengo 21 aos How old are you? / Cuntos aos tienes?
- Para expresar las sensaciones tambin se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' espaol. Are you hungry? / Tienes hambre? He is thirsty / Tiene sed - Tambin para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosfrico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer'
It's windy / Hace viento It's very cold / Hace mucho fro
PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO
FORMA AFIRMATIVA I am (I'm) soy, estoy you are (you're) eres, ests he is (he's) l es, est we are (we're) somos, estamos you are (you're) sois, estis they are (they're) ellos son, estn
FORMA NEGATIVA I am not (I'm not) no soy, no estoy you are not (you're not) no eres, no ests he is not (he's not) l no es, no est we are not (we're not) no somos, no estamos you are not (you're not) no sois, no estis they are not (they're not) ellos no son, no estn
FORMA INTERROGATIVA am I? soy yo?, estoy yo? are you? eres t?, ests t? is he? es l?, est l? are we? somos?, estamos? are you? sois?, estis? are they? son, estn ellos?
PRETERITO (se corresponde al pretrito indefinido y al pretrito imperfecto espaol) FORMA AFIRMATIVA I was fui, era / estuve, estaba estuve?, estaba? you were fuiste, eras estabas he was fue, era / estuvo, estaba FORMA NEGATIVA I was not (I wasn't) no fui, no era / no estuve, no estaba FORMA INTERROGATIVA was I? fui?, era? /
you were not (you weren't) no fuiste, no eras / no estuviste, no estabas he was not (he wasn't) no fue, no era / no estuvo, no estaba
were you?
no estuvimos, no estbamos/ estuvimos?, estbamos? you were not (you weren't) no fuisteis, no erais were you? fuisteis?, erais?, / estuvisteis?, estabais? were they? eran? / estuvieron?, estaban?
estuvisteis, estabais/ no estuvisteis, no estabais/ they were fueron, eran / estuvieron, estaban
they were not (they weren't) no fueron, no eran / fueron? no estuvieron, no estaban
En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer, mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretrito solamente la forma negativa puede contraerse.
Las formas contraidas suelen utilizarse en la conversacin, pero no se usan de forma escrita salvo cuando el propio escrito tiene un carcter informal o refleja una conversacin.
TO BE + INFINITIVO
Cuando al verbo 'to be' le sigue un infinitivo adquiere una importancia especial:
She is to stay here till we return / Ella debe quedarse aqu hasta que volvamos (en lugar de 'She must stay....')
TO BE + GOING TO
Expresa una forma de futuro. Equivale a las expresiones espaolas "ir a..., estar punto de... tener la intencin de..., etc."
We are going to the theatre tonight / Vamos al teatro esta noche I am going to travel to Buenos Aires next Monday / Tengo la intencin de viajar a Buenos Aires el prximo lunes.
EJERCICIOS
A) - Escrbe las frases completas usando la forma correcta del verbo 'To be':
1. These bags _____ heavy. 2. I _____ an engineer. My wife _____ a nurse. 3. This house ______ not very expensive. 4. My books______ on the table. 5. you_______ a good teacher?.
SOLUCION A) 1. These bags ARE heavy. 2. I AM an engineer. My wife IS a nurse. 3. This house IS not very expensive. 4. My books ARE on the table. 5. you ARE a good teacher?. B) 1. Where were you at 4 o'clock yesterday? 2. I was at school until 8. 3. Was the weather good yesterday? 4. I am hungry. Can I have something to eat? 5. My parents aren't Italian.
EJERCICIOS
Completa los recuadros con las conjugaciones correctas del verbo TO BE.
4. I ____ a student.
6. He _____ a lawyer.
4. I AM a student.
6. He IS a lawyer.
7. Susie IS a housewife.
8. She IS a student.