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VERBO TO BE

INFINITIVO PRETERITO To be ser, estar Was fui, era

PARTICIPIO Been sido, estado

El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en ingls. Se corresponde a los verbos espaoles "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata.

I am English / Soy ingls I am in England / Estoy en Inglaterra

Tiene algunos usos especiales distintos a sus equivalentes espaoles.

- Sirve para expresar la edad, en cuyo caso se traduce por 'tener':

Mary is 20 years old / Maria tiene 20 aos I am 21 / Yo tengo 21 aos How old are you? / Cuntos aos tienes?

- Para expresar las sensaciones tambin se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' espaol. Are you hungry? / Tienes hambre? He is thirsty / Tiene sed - Tambin para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosfrico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer'

It's windy / Hace viento It's very cold / Hace mucho fro

PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO

FORMA AFIRMATIVA I am (I'm) soy, estoy you are (you're) eres, ests he is (he's) l es, est we are (we're) somos, estamos you are (you're) sois, estis they are (they're) ellos son, estn

FORMA NEGATIVA I am not (I'm not) no soy, no estoy you are not (you're not) no eres, no ests he is not (he's not) l no es, no est we are not (we're not) no somos, no estamos you are not (you're not) no sois, no estis they are not (they're not) ellos no son, no estn

FORMA INTERROGATIVA am I? soy yo?, estoy yo? are you? eres t?, ests t? is he? es l?, est l? are we? somos?, estamos? are you? sois?, estis? are they? son, estn ellos?

PRETERITO (se corresponde al pretrito indefinido y al pretrito imperfecto espaol) FORMA AFIRMATIVA I was fui, era / estuve, estaba estuve?, estaba? you were fuiste, eras estabas he was fue, era / estuvo, estaba FORMA NEGATIVA I was not (I wasn't) no fui, no era / no estuve, no estaba FORMA INTERROGATIVA was I? fui?, era? /

you were not (you weren't) no fuiste, no eras / no estuviste, no estabas he was not (he wasn't) no fue, no era / no estuvo, no estaba

were you?

fuiste?, eras? / estuviste, estuviste?, estabas?/ was he? fue?, era? /

we were fuimos, ramos, / estuvimos, estbamos you were fuisteis, erais,

we were not (we weren't) no fuimos, no ramos,

estuvo?. estaba? were we? fuimos?, ramos? /

no estuvimos, no estbamos/ estuvimos?, estbamos? you were not (you weren't) no fuisteis, no erais were you? fuisteis?, erais?, / estuvisteis?, estabais? were they? eran? / estuvieron?, estaban?

estuvisteis, estabais/ no estuvisteis, no estabais/ they were fueron, eran / estuvieron, estaban

they were not (they weren't) no fueron, no eran / fueron? no estuvieron, no estaban

En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer, mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretrito solamente la forma negativa puede contraerse.

Las formas contraidas suelen utilizarse en la conversacin, pero no se usan de forma escrita salvo cuando el propio escrito tiene un carcter informal o refleja una conversacin.

TO BE + INFINITIVO

Cuando al verbo 'to be' le sigue un infinitivo adquiere una importancia especial:

- Es una forma de dar instrucciones u rdenes de manera impersonal.

She is to stay here till we return / Ella debe quedarse aqu hasta que volvamos (en lugar de 'She must stay....')

- Sirve para establecer un plan

She is to be married next year / Ella va a casarse el ao prximo

TO BE + GOING TO

Expresa una forma de futuro. Equivale a las expresiones espaolas "ir a..., estar punto de... tener la intencin de..., etc."

We are going to the theatre tonight / Vamos al teatro esta noche I am going to travel to Buenos Aires next Monday / Tengo la intencin de viajar a Buenos Aires el prximo lunes.

EJERCICIOS

A) - Escrbe las frases completas usando la forma correcta del verbo 'To be':

1. These bags _____ heavy. 2. I _____ an engineer. My wife _____ a nurse. 3. This house ______ not very expensive. 4. My books______ on the table. 5. you_______ a good teacher?.

B) - Traduce las siguientes frases al ingls.

1. Dnde estabas ayer a las 4?

2. Estuve en la escuela hasta las 8

3. Hizo buen tiempo ayer?

4. Tengo hambre. Puedo comer algo?

5. Mis padres no son italianos.

SOLUCION A) 1. These bags ARE heavy. 2. I AM an engineer. My wife IS a nurse. 3. This house IS not very expensive. 4. My books ARE on the table. 5. you ARE a good teacher?. B) 1. Where were you at 4 o'clock yesterday? 2. I was at school until 8. 3. Was the weather good yesterday? 4. I am hungry. Can I have something to eat? 5. My parents aren't Italian.

EJERCICIOS

Completa los recuadros con las conjugaciones correctas del verbo TO BE.

1. My name _____ James.

2. Mary ______ the secretary.

3. John and Lucy _____at school.

4. I ____ a student.

5. The boys _____ in the garden.

6. He _____ a lawyer.

7. Susie _____ a housewife.

8. She _____ a student.

9. They _____ my friends.

10. You _____a student.

SOLUCION 1. My name IS James.

2. Mary IS the secretary.

3. John and Lucy ARE at school.

4. I AM a student.

5. The boys ARE in the garden.

6. He IS a lawyer.

7. Susie IS a housewife.

8. She IS a student.

9. They ARE my friends.

10. You ARE a student.

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