Question Bank

Highway and Railway Engineering (BCO 3.10)

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SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1) The shape of camber best suited for cement concrete pavements is [b] parabolic [d] combination of straight and parabolic

[a] straight line [c] elliptical

(2)

The stopping sight distance depends upon

[a] total reaction time of driver [b] speed of vehicle [c] efficiency of brakes [d] all of the above

(3)

When the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential movement of the wheels due to rotation, then it results in [b] skidding [d] revolving

[a] slipping [c] turning

(4)

Coefficient of friction is less when the pavement surface is [b] dry [d] smooth and wet

[a] rough [c] smooth and dry

(5)

Shoulder provided along the road edge should be [b] smoother than the traffic lanes

[a] rougher than the traffic lanes

[c] of same colour as that of pavement [d] of very low load bearing capacity

(6)

Compared to level surface, on a descending gradient stopping sight distance is [b] more [d] dependant on the speed

[a] less [c] same

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(7)

On a single lane road with two traffic, the minimum sight distance is equal to [b] two times the stopping sight distance [d] three times the stopping sight distance

[a] stopping sight distance [c] half the stopping sight distance

(8)

The terrain may be classified as rolling terrain if the cross slope of land is [b] between 10% and 25% [d] more than 60%

[a] up to 10% [c] between 25% and 60% (9)

The attainment of superelevation by rotation of pavement about the inner edge of the pavement [b] results in balancing earth work [d] does not change the vertical alignment of a road

[a] is preferable in steep terrain [c] avoids the drainage problem in flat terrain

(10) In the case of hill roads extra widening is generally provided [a]equally on inner and outer sides of the curve [c] fully on the outer side of the curve [b] fully on the inner side of the curve [d] one fourth on the inner side and one fourth on the outer side of the curve

(11) The sequence of four stages of survey in a highway alignment is [a] reconnaissance, mapstudy, preliminary survey and detailed survey [c] mapstudy, reconnaissance, preliminary survey and detailed survey [b] mapstudy, preliminary survey, reconnaissance, and detailed survey [d] preliminary survey, mapstudy, reconnaissance, and detailed survey

(12) As per Nagpur road plan, roads in India are classified in [a] four categories [c] six categories [b] five categories [d] eight categories

(13) Roads are classified on the basis of [a] traffic volume [b] load transported or tonnage

[c] location and function [d] all of the above

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(14) In hill roads additional care has to be given for [a] stability [c] resisting length [b] drainage [d] all of the above

(15) Index map shows [a] proposed and existing roads [b] general topography of area

[c] ground plan with alignment and boundaries [d] none of the above

(16) Nagpur road plan formulae were prepared by assuming [a] rectangular or block road pattern [b] radial or star and block road pattern [c] radial or star and circular pattern [d] radial or star and grid road pattern

(17) Select the correct statement [a] Nagpur road formulae take into account the towns with very large population [c] second twenty year plan has provided 1600 km of expressway out of the proposed National Highway [b] Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32km per 100 sq.km. [d] second twenty year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the area while calculating the length of roads

(18) Allocation of extra levy on petrol is made in accordance with [a] 30% to central road fund and 70% to states based on consumption [c] 40% to central road fund and 60% to states based on consumption [b] 20% to central road fund and 80% to states based on consumption [d] none of these

(19) The ruling design speed on a National highway in plain terrain as per IRC recommendations is [a] 60 kmph [c] 100 kmph [b] 80 kmph [d] 120 kmph

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(20) Which of the following shapes is preferred in valley curve [a] simple parabola [c] spiral [b] cubic parabola [d] lemniscates

(21) Critical load position in a rigid pavement is taken as [a] interior loading [a]corner loading [b] edge loading [d] interior, edge, and corner loading

(22) The value of ruling gradient in plains as per IRC recommendation is [a] 1 in 12 [c] 1 in 20 [b] 1 in 15 [d] 1 in 30

(23) The number of repetitions, which the pavement thickness designed for a given wheel load should be able to support during the life of pavement is [a] 1000 [c] 100000 [b] 10000 [d] 1000000

(24) In CBR test, the value of CBR is calculated at [a] 2.5mm penetration only [b] 5mm penetration only [c] 7.5mm penetration only [d] both 2.5mm and 5mm penetration only

(25) Tie bars in cement concrete pavement are at [a] expansion joints [c] warping joints [b] contraction joints [d] longitudinal joints

(26) Main drawback of CBR method is that it [a] does not consider the strength characteristics of subgrade soil [c] gives the total thickness which remains the same irrespective of the quality of materials used in component layers 5 of 16 [b] is a complex method [d] does not give the thickness of individual layers

(27) Which of the following represents hardest grade of bitumen [a] 30/40 [c] 80/100 [b] 60/70 [d] 100/120

(28) Critical combination of stresses for corner region in rigid pavement is [a] load stress + warping stress - frictional stress [c] load stress + warping stress [b] load stress + warping stress + frictional stress [d] load stress + frictional stress

(29) Flexible pavement distribute the wheel load [a] directly to subgrade [b] through structural action

[c] through a set of layers to the subgrade [d] none of the above

(30) Bottommost layer of the pavement is known as [a] wearing course [c] subbase course [b] base course [d] subgrade

(31) If the group index value of subgrade is between 5 and 9, then the subgrade is treated as [a] good [c] poor [b] fair [d] very poor

(32) Due to the battering action of wheels over the end of rails, the down and are deflected at ends. These rails area called [a] roaring rails [c] corrugated rails [b] hogged rails [d] buckled rails

(33) The number of fish bolts per fish plate are [a] 2 [c] 5 [b] 4 [d] 6 6 of 16

(34) The purpose of providing fillet in a rail section is to [a] increase the lateral strength [c] avoid the stress concentration [b] increase the vertical stiffness [d] reduce the wear

(35) Gauge is the distance between [a] centre to centre of rails [b] running faces of rails [c] outer faces of rails [d] none of the above

(36) The cross sectional area of 52 kg lat footed rail is [a] 61.55 cm 2 [c] 72.35 cm2 (37) Largest percentage of material in the rail is in its [a] head [c] foot [b] web [d] head and foot both [b] 66.15 cm2 [d] 78.25 cm2

(38) The main function of fish plate is [a] to join two rails together [b] to join rails with sleeper

[c] to allow rail to expand and contract freely [d] none of these

(39) The slipping of driving wheels of locomotives on the rail surface causes [a] wheel burns [c] scabbing of rails [b] hogging of rails [d] corrugation of rails

(40) The formation width for double line Broad Gauge in cutting as adopted on Indian Railways is [a] 6.1m [c] 10.21m [b] 8.84m [d] 10.82m

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(41) Creep is [b] lateral movement of rail [c] vertical movement of rail [d] difference in level of two rails (42) The maximum degree of curvature for meter gauge is limited to [a] 10o [c] 30o [b] 16o [d] 40o [a] longitudinal movement of rails

(43) For a Broad Gauge route with sleeper density M+7, number of sleepers per rail length is [a] 18 [c] 20 [b] 19 [d] 21

(44) Nornmally maximum cant permissible in meter gauge [a] 75mm [c] 140mm [b] 90mm [d] 165mm

(45) The shape of transition curve used by Indian Railways is [a] cubic parabola [c] sine curve [b] spiral [d] lemniscate of Bernoulli

(46) Switch angle is the angle between [a] gauge face of the stock rail and tongue rail [c] gauge face of the stock rail and outer face of tongue rail [b] outer face of the stock rail and tongue rail [d] outer face of the stock rail and gauge face of tongue rail

(47) Maximum value of the throw of the switch for Broad Gauge track is [a] 89mm [c] 100mm [b] 80 mm [d] 115mm

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(48) Which of the following methods for the designation of crossing is used in India [a] centre line method [c] isosceles angle metod [b] right angle method [d] none of the above

(49) Which of the following devices is used to transfer the wagons or locomotives, to and from parallel tracks without any necessity for shunting? [a] triangle [c] traverse [b] turn table [d] scotch bar

(50) When the semaphore and warner are installed on the same post, then the stop indication is given when [a] both arms are horizontal [b] semaphore arm lowered but warner arm horizontal [c] both semaphore and warner arm [d] none of these horizontal

ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1 a

6 b

11 c

16 d

21 d

26 c

31 c

36 d

41 c

46 b

2 d

7 b

12 b

17 c

22 d

27 a

32 b

37 a

42 b

47 c

3 b

8 b

13 d

18 b

23 d

28 c

33 c

38 b

43 b

48 a

4 d

9 c

14 d

19 c

24 d

29 c

34 c

39 b

44 c

49 b

5 a

10 b

15 b

20 b

25 d

30 d

35 b

40 a

45 c

50 d

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SCTION B TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] The longitudinal friction coefficient recommended by IRC for design of roads is 0.2 to o.3. Uneveness index is the cumulative vertical undulation per unit horizontal length of road. Rate of camber does not depend on type of pavement surface The total reaction time can be split in four parts. For an ideal transition curve the rate of introduction of centrifugal force should be consistent. [6] [7] [8] [9] Group index method takes into account the strength characteristics of subgrade soil. Soaked CBR value of the soil subgrade is used for the design of pavement. A high Group Index value indicates a stronger subgrade. Burmisters approach for the design of flexible pavements takes into account the reinforcing action of pavement layer. [10] Warping stresses in a rigid pavement are caused due to difference of temperature between top and bottom surface of pavement. [11] Road network of Connaught place in New Delhi is an example of radial or star and block pattern. [12] Origin and destination studies for highway planning are carried out to arrive at traffic patterns desired. [13] [14] First stage of Engineering surveys for highway location is reconnaissance. Preliminary survey is aimed at determining the best alignment of highway out of several proposals. [15] [16] Rapid reconnaissance can be done by aerial survey of the area. Substantial increase in the land acquisition is required for a permanent track with increase of gauge. [17] [18] [19] [20] A Bull headed rail consists of equal section in the foot and head of rail. Ballast is provided to impart some degree of elasticity to the track. Flangeway clearance required for a 1 in 12 turnout is 6.6 cm. If the train from a main track is diverted to the right side of main route in the trailing direction, then the diversion is called right hand turnout. [21] A warner signal is similar to that of semaphore signal in shape except a V-notch at free end. [22] Absolute block system for the control of locomotives is an improvement over automatic block system. [23] [24] [25] Curve lead (CL) is the difference of Switch lead (SL) and Lead or Crossing lead (L). No separate tongue rail is provided in the case of Stub switch. Heel divergence is always lesser than flangeway clearance. 10 of 16

ANSWERS TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS

1 F

6 F

11 F

16 F

21 T

2 T

7 T

12 T

17 F

22 F

3 F

8 F

13 F

18 T

23 F

4 F

9 T

14 T

19 F

24 T

5 T

10 T

15 T

20 F

25 F

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SECTION C- SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] What is camber? What are the objectives of camber? Enumerate the factors governing the width of carriageway. List the factors on which stoping sight distance depends What are the design elements to be considered in the horizontal alignments. what is superelevation? What are the factors governing superelevation? Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavements. Mention various factors to be considered in pavement design. What do you understand by Equivalent Single Wheel Load (EWSL). Mention limitations of CBR method of design of pavements.

[10] Mention the limitations of Group Index Method of design of pavements. [11] Mention the traffic study details which need to be collected for highway planning. [12] Mention the various categories of roads as per Nagpur road plan. [13] Enumerate various urban kinds of road patterns. [14] What are the obligatory points? [15] Mention the objectives of Preliminary Survey for Highway alignment. [16] What is coning of wheels? What are its advantages? [17] Mention the existing gauges in India and their width. [18] Write the function of rails [19] What are the function of sleepers? [20] What is the necessity of bearing plates? [21] What are the requirements of good tongue rail? [22] Mention the component parts of switches 12 of 16

[23] What are the sources of moisture in a railway track? [24] What is the purpose of interlocking? [25] What is track circuit? What is its function?

REFERENCES TO SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1 A : 76 2 A: 78 3 A: 86 4 A: 103-104 5 A: 106-107 6 A: 331-332 7 A: 335 8 A: 338 9 A: 355 10 A: 274 & 347 11 A: 167 12 A: 22 13 A: 24 14 A: 52-53 15 A: 57 16 B: 3.7 17 B: 3.4 18 B: 2.13 19 B: 2.14 20 B: 2.20 21 B: 2.17 22 B: 2.16 23 B: 23.1 24 B: 2.8 25 B: 2.17

A.

H i g h w a y E n g i n e e r i n g , b y S . K . K h a n n a a n d C . E . G . J u s t o , E i g h t h E d it i o n 2 0 01 , ( N em C h a n d & B r os , R o o r k e e ( U . A . )

B. A T e xt b oo k o f R a i l w a y E n g i n e er i n g b y S . C . S a x e n a a n d S . P . A r o r a , R e p r in t 2 01 0 , ( D h a n p a t R a i & S o n s )

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SECTION D- LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS [1] [2] Explain various factors controlling the alignment of a Highway. What are the objectives of Preliminary survey? Discuss the procedure to be followed for preliminary survey using conventional method. [3] Give the details of drawings to be prepared in a highway project with the recommended scales and size of the drawings. [4] What are the conditions which necessitate taking up of a re-alignment project of a highway? Discuss the steps to be followed in a re-alignment project. [5] [6] Explain the various stages of work in a new highway project. A state highway passing through a rolling terrain has a horizontal curve of radius equal to the ruling minimum radius. Design all the geometric features of this curve, assuming a design speed of 80 Kmph. [7] [8] Explain the role of pavement surface characteristics in a highway geometric design. What is camber? What are its objectives in a pavement surface? Discuss the factors affecting the amount of camber to be provided, and recommended ranges of camber for different type of surfaces. [9] [10] What is stopping sight distance? Discuss the factors affecting stopping sight distance. What is superelevation? Discuss the factors affecting superelevation and the methods of attainment of superelevation of field. [11] Explain the CBR method of pavement design. Discuss IRC recommendations for CBR method of design. [12] Soil subgrade sample was obtained from the project site and the CBR test was conducted at field density. Following were the results

Penetration (mm) 0 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Load (Kg) 0 5 16.2 28.1 40 48.5

Penetration (mm) 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

Load (kg) 58.5 67.5 75.2 89 99.5 106.5

It is further desired to use the following materials for different pavement layers 14 of 16

i. ii. iii.

Compacted soil with 7 percent CBR Poorly graded gravel with 20 percent CBR Well graded gravel with 95 percent CBR

Minimum thickness of bituminous concrete surfacing may be taken as 5 cm. the traffic survey reveled that present ADT of commercial vehicle is 1200. The annual rate of growth of traffic is found to be 8 percent. The pavement construction is to be completed in three years after the last traffic count. Design the pavement section using CBR method as recommended by IRC [13] Calculate the stresses at interior, edge and corner regions of a cement concrete using Westergaards stress equations. Wheel load=4100 Kg, modulus of elasticity of pavement= 3 x 105 kg/ cm2, pavement thickness =15 cm, poissons ratio= 0.15, modulus of subgrade reaction = 3 kg/cm2, radius of contact area = 15 cm. [14] [15] [16] [17] What is Equivalent Single Wheel Load (ESWL)? Explain how it is determined? Explain how climatic variations affect pavement design and performance. Discuss the merits and demerits of Flat footed rails and Bull headed rails . What are the functions served by a railway sleeper? What are the requirements of an ideal sleeper. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of timber sleeper. [18] What are the functions of ballast? What are its requirements? Discuss the suitability of various materials commonly used as ballast. [19] What is meant by railway track alignment? What are the basic requirements of a good alignment? Discuss the factors which control the alignment of a railway track. [20] Draw a neat sketch of a simple right hand or left hand turnout and show its various component parts. Explain the working principle of turnout. [21] Describe the factors that influence the selection of a site for a railway station. How the railway stations are classified? [22] What are the objects of signaling? Describe the engineering principles of signaling. Discuss how signals are classified? [23] Explain the functions of fish plates and fish bolts. What are the essential requirements of fish plates? [24] What do you understand by a railway track and a permanent way? Discuss the requirements of an ideal permanent way. [25] What are the various systems of controlling the movement of trains. Explain the working of one system which has been widely used on Indian railways.

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REFERENCES TO LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 1 A : 52 2 A: 57 3 A: 61-62 4 A: 64-68 5 A: 62-64 6 A: 135 7 A: 73-76 8 A: 76-78 9 A: 88 A: 10610 115 A: 34911 352 12 A: 353 13 A: 377 A: 33814 339 A: 34415 346 16 B: 2.3&2.7 17 B: 2.14 18 B: 2.2 19 B: 2.17 20 B: 2.19 B: 2.13 & 21 18.4 B: 2.14, 22 20.2, 20.3 B: fig. 2.3, 23 10.1-10.3 24 B: 2.13 B: 20.1625 20.22

A.

H i g h w a y E n g i n e e r i n g , b y S . K . K h a n n a a n d C . E . G . J u s t o , E i g h t h E d it i o n 2 0 01 , ( N em C h a n d & B r os , R o o r k e e ( U . A . )

B. A T e xt b oo k o f R a i l w a y E n g i n e er i n g b y S . C . S a x e n a a n d S . P . A r o r a , R e p r in t 2 01 0 , ( D h a n p a t R a i & S o n s )

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