Test 3 Study Guide - Unit 3 Exam VALU 191 - The Environment and Society

Test covers materials in articles 12 through 18 of the text, supplemental lecture material, and vocabulary terms assigned for unit 3. There will be 12 questions selected from the 5 articles (taken from the list below). There will also be 18 questions taken from the supplemental material. There will be 10 of the 20 vocabulary terms on the test as well. The test will have a total 40 questions. Questions will primarily be multiple choices, true/false, short answer and matching. Article 12 - Gassing Up with Hydrogen 1. How far can a 20-gallon tank containing hydrogen gas propel a standard car? 2. What are the desired hydrogen-storage goals that current technologies fall short of? 3. Describe the 3 drawbacks to liquefied hydrogen. Article 13 - Wind Power 1. What are the sites that are richest in wind power? 2. What is the kilowatts per hour that wind power has the potential to generate? 3. What are the concerns & motives for opponents of wind power? How do they compare to opponents for nuclear power? 4. Where is wind power developmental most likely to be welcomed? 5. How much employment does construction of a typical 100-megawatt wind farm produce? 6. What are the incentives used to encourage development of wind power? 7. What are the drawbacks associated with wind power? Article 14 - Whither Wind? 1. Do the opponents of wind power acknowledge the climate crisis especially on their websites? 2. Do people object to the installation of windmills? Why? 3. What was dubbed the "Cuisinarts for birds" and why? 4. How does a power grid work and how does the inclusion of wind power in the grid actually reduce fossil fuel burning? Article 15 - The Rise of Renewable Energy 1. Who is the global leader in the number of solar power systems installed per capita? 2. Why are solar photovolatics easy to use? 3. What is the most common biofuel in the U.S.? 4. What is "green diesel"? 5. How much wind energy resources does North Dakota have? Are they generating up to their capacity in this area? Article 16 - The Future of Nuclear Power 1. What is the prediction for nuclear electricity generating capacity worldwide by 2020? 2. Is nuclear power an economically competitive choice? 3. What has the waste management program focused on in the U.S. for the last 15 years in terms of nuclear waste?

4. What is the Nuclear System Modeling Project? 5. What were the 3 unexpected results that emerged from the authors' survey of Americans' attitudes toward energy in general and nuclear power in particular? Article 17 - Personalized Energy 1. What is the main use of coal in the U.S. today? 2. What is the main challenge in this transitional period to the hydrogen future? Article 18 - Hydrogen: Waiting for the Revolution 1. What are the reasons that oil prices are expected to rise between 2020 and 2040? 2. How does the U.S. Department of Energy view the possibility hydrogen becoming an important source of energy? 3. What factors exist that indicate the market for hydrogen fuel-cell cars is going to occur far into the future? 4. What state is leading the way in actively encouraging the development of hydrogen-powered vehicles? 5. Would a shift to hydrogen fuel greatly reduce our dependence on fossil fuels? How would it affect global warming? Supplemental Lecture Material 1. What are examples of clean alternative fuels? 2. What is a hybrid vehicle? 3. Where does the electricity that is used for electric vehicles come from? 4. What's the difference between an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle? 5. How do electric vehicles compare to traditional vehicles in terms of cost and maintenance? 6. Where does most of the biodiesel in the U.S. come from? 7. How do ethanol fueled cars compare to gasoline fueled vehicles in terms of range & mileage? 8. What is gasohol? 9. What are some benefits of using solar energy? 10. What are the two major kinds of solar energy? 11. How does solar thermal technology work (in general)? 12. Is there enough available energy from the sun (solar energy) to harness to make a difference for world energy needs? Explain. 13. What are the technical conditions to consider for determining economic feasibility of going solar? 14. Give examples of what solar energy can be used for. 13. What percentage of U.S. national energy demand is met by wind power? 15. Explain the business opportunities available with wind energy projects. 16. What is the production tax credit? What is the income tax credit for wind power? 17. What are the environmental impacts for wind energy? 18. What are some benefits of using wind energy? 19. Give examples of how states are using wind power? 20. In basic terms, how does a fuel cell work? 21. What are some benefits of using fuel cells? 22. What are some applications of using hydrogen for fuel? 23. What are the main parts of a fuel cell?

24. What is the most commercially developed type of fuel cell? 25. Which fuel cell technology is most adaptable for use in cars? 26. What is the Million Solar Roofs Initiative? 27. What has the federal government done to promote and encourage development and use of alternative or renewable energy? 28. What are the problems to be solved with using hydrogen fuel cell systems? 29. How much of the U.S. national energy demand is met using nuclear power? 30. What are the problems associated with using nuclear power? 31. What problems do we face if we no longer use any nuclear power to meet our national energy demands? Vocabulary (10 definitions will be on the test. The terms will be taken from this list.)

Fossil fuels Photovoltaic cells Ethanol Biodiesel Coal gasification Renewable energy Nonrenewable energy PHEV NIMBY Megawatt

PIMBY Fuel cells Renewable energy credits Electrolysis Fischer-Tropsch Geothermal Hydropower Hybrid vehicle U. S. Production Tax Credit

Combined cycle turbine technology (CCGT)