Assignment #1.

Write in detail about diagnosis & management of the following minor orthodontic problems:

A. Crowding
Crowding This may appear in the labial or buccal segments due to a small or narrow arch, or in the premolar region due to early loss and drifting of teeth. It can be classified into mild, moderate, or severe. There are two ways to measure the crowding: According to the broken contact: Mild = 1-2 broken contact Moderate = 3-5 broken contact Severe = more than 5 broken contacts According to measurement by mms: Mild = 1-3 mm lack of space Moderate = 4-8 mm lack of space Severe = 8 mm The treatment of crowding depends on the severity of the case. It can be treated by the following: 1. Stripping to minimize the width of the teeth mesiodistally. Used in mild, moderate cases of crowding. 2. Distallization applying forces to teeth to move them distally and create space. For example the use of headgears. This is also used with mild crowding. 3. Expansion widen the arch (upper), also used in mild to moderate crowding cases.
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4. Extraction usually the first premolars are removed when the crowding is moderate to severe.

B. Openbite
Open Bite there is no vertical overlap of the incisors, and
there is an evident vertical separation . This could be due to: Dental Problems associated mainly with oral habits such as thumb sucking or mouth breathing. Skeletal Problems Arch deficiencies

Treatment of these problems are by eliminating the habit if they are young in age, or by surgical procedures in adulthood.

C. Crossbite
Cross bite It could be lingual or buccal, anterior or
posterior, unilateral or bilateral, involving one tooth or a group of teeth. If it present anterior, this could be due to a pseudo-Class III or a true Class III. If it is posterior, it is usually due to a narrow upper arch. Treatment: usually consists of appliance therapy, and may be surgery in the future.

D. Midline diastema
Maxillary anterior spacing or diastema is a common aesthetic complaint of patients and is frequently seen in children especially in the mixed dentition stage. Keene described midline diastema as anterior midline spacing greater than 0.5 mm between the proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth Treatment : 1- Remove of cause 2- Active treatment appliances 3- Retention appliances

E. Ectopic eruption.
teeth erupt in wrong place can u notic it clinically & also by x-rays.

Treatment : let the dentist take an x-ray of the tooth and let you tell the cause of
delayed eruption. once the reason is known why the tooth is not erupting,then only the treatment can be decided. in most of the cases the gum tissue is hard and doesnot allow the big molar to erupt easily.a wait period of 6 months is advised and finger massage the gums. this helps the tooth to erupt faster. night time brushing before going to sleep is a MUST.