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23/2 ZvcLvbv ivW (3q Zjv) XvKv-1000| dvb: 7169830; dv: 9554772; E-mail: mail@spb.org.bd
ZvwiL t 21 gvP 2013

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weki menvivi wecex Av`vjbi mvgb hLbB Kvbv RwUj mgmv `Lv w`qQ, Zvi Dci AvjvKcvZ Ki menvivi wecex
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3|Page

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mg RbZvK RwoZ Ki menviv mvswZK wece cwiPvjbvi ga w`q Pxbi Afi mskvabev`x wec`i wei Ges
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mvgev`x Av`vjbK cwiPvjbv Kivi AwZ AvewkKfve AbymiYxq wekRbxb wkvi mvb GZ cvIqv hvq bv| Guiv mKjB
wecex msMvgi ciYvi Drm wnmve weki msMvgx gvbyli Mfxi kvi cv nq AvQb Ges _vKeb|
Abw`K KgiW wke`vm Nvl Zuvi wbRi `ki wece m~Y Ki hvevi c~eB weMZ nqQb Ges RxweZvevq AvRvwZK
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ivv `Lvb| gvKmev`-jwbbev`K AvaywbK mskvabev`i nvZ _K iv Kivi GB msMvg KgiW wke`vm NvlK GK
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Zv `~ii K_v, Mo ZvjvB me bq Avi Gi Rb KgiW Nvli wPv Acwinvh nq coQ|
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4|Page

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wkvi GB wekRbxb KvhKvwiZvi RbB KgiW wke`vm Nvl wek mvgev`x Av`vjbi bZvq cwiYZ nqQb|
Avgv`i `ji RxebI KgiW wke`vm Nvli wPvavivi Abykxjb I PPvi ckw U g~jZ wZbwU KviY AZ iZc~Y :
(GK) GK_v HwZnvmwKfveB mZ h Rvm`-Afi KgiW wke`vm Nvli wkvK K` KiB gZevw`K weZK i
nq| KgiW gywebyj nvq`vi Payixi gvag Rvm` bZZ KgiW wke`vm Nvli wkvi mv_ cwiwPZ nb Ges Zuvi wPv
_KB GKwU h_v_ wecex `j MVbi bxwZMZ I cwZMZ msMvgi w`Kwb`kbv MnY Kib| Rvm`i cwKv jvj
BkZnvi I mvgev`-G KgiW Nvli AvjvPbv Kb fviZeli gvwUZ GmBDwmAvB GKgv mvgev`x `j-Gi g~j
Ask Qvcv nq| IB wPvK eve cqvM I Abykxjbi ck Rvm` bZZi h NvUwZ, wevw I wePzwZ ZvK K`
KiB Rvm`i ga gZevw`K msMvg Pj|
ejv `iKvi h, Rvm` h mgvRZvwK wecei jvBb MnY Ki Zv-I KgiW wke`vm Nvli wkvi Dci `uvwoqB|
KgiW Nvl `wLqQb, ZZxq weki m`^vaxb beRvMZ RvZxqZvev`x `kjvi mevi wecei i njv RbMYZvwK
Pxbi cvwUi GB XvjvI MvBWjvBb mwVK bq| IB g~jvqbi wfwZB wZwb 1971 mvj gywhyi m~PbvjMB 24
Gwcj GK AvjvPbvq `Lvb h evsjv`ki Pjgvb msMvg GKwU RvZxq gyw msMvg| KgiW wke`vm Nvli IB wkv
evsjv`k GKwU ^vaxb `k, GLvb eyRvqvkYx ivgZvq Avmxb nqQ Ges GLvbKvi wecei i mgvRZvwK
KgiW gywebyj nvq`vi Payix Rvm` cwZvi i _KB Rvm` Afi Zzj aib| 1974 mvj MwnZ Rvm`i c_g
w_wmm, mgvRZvwK wecei jvBb, iYbxwZ-iYKkj, Zv KgiW wke`vm Nvli mv_ Rvm`i ZvwK bZv wmivRyj
Avjg Lvbi Avjvc-AvjvPbvi wfwZ iwPZ|
(`yB) Rvm` _K evm` MwVZ nIqvi ci 1981 mvji gvP gvm cKvwkZ menvivkYxi wecex `j MVbi mgmv cm
cywKvq Avgiv `j MVbi bxwZMZ I cwZMZ msMvg NvlYv Kwi| Gi mvi K_v nj kvabev`-ewev`-eyRvqv
gvbeZvev`K civ Kivi Dk h_Zv Mo Zvjvi msMvg, Rxebi mg K ev Ki gvKmev`i PPvi gvag
ew mw I ewmwRvZ gvbwmK RwUjZv _K gy nIqvi ga w`q `jB Rxeb, weceB Rxeb GB PZbvi
wfwZ Rxeb Mo Zvjv, mywbw` bxwZgvjvi wfwZ h_Rxeb wbgvY, h_ bZZ I h_ bZZi weklxKZ ic,
MYZvwK K`xKZvi h_v_ Dcjw Gjv KgiW wke`vm NvliB wkv|
(wZb) Avgv`i `ji wPvi HK Ges msMvgi wfw nQ KgiW wke`vm Nvli wPvaviv| AvRK GB mZK A^xKvi
Kivi ga w`qB `ji ga msKU Zwi nqQ|
KgiW wke`vm Nvli wPvi AwZ msw njI GK mevxY aviYvi Rb hwj AZ Riwi, ZvI AwZ msw AvKvi
GLvb ivLv nj|
`j MVbi ck KgiW wke`vm Nvli wPv jwbbxq `j MVbi cwZiB weKwkZ I mg aviYv
1| menviv kYxi wecex `j MVbi jwbbxq aviYvK weZ Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb h MYZvwK GK`xKiYi bxwZB nj
KwgDwb cvwU msMVbi Avmj cvYmv| GB MYZvwK GK`xKiY Mo Zvjvi msMvg hgb mwVK KwgDwb cvwU Mo
Zvjvi msMvg, Avevi GK PvLi gwYi gZ iv Kivi msMvgI ZgbB cvwUK mskvabev` I msKxYZvev`i nvZ _K iv
Kivi msMvg|
jwbb ejQb, ay cwZwbwa`i GKwU mfvq cve cvm Ki ev GKUv wWw Rvwi Ki KwgDwb wecex `j Mov hvq bv| Gi
Rb AvBwWqvi BDwbwU AvbZ Av`kMZ msMvg Acwinvh| jwbb AviI ejwQjb, `ji AMvwbK BDwbwU Mo DVe
MYZvwK Kw`KZvi wfwZ| MYZvwK Kw`KZv evLv Ki wZwb ejb, GUv nQ menviv MYZ I Kw`KZvi wgkY|
KgiW Nvl `Lvb h, Av`kMZ Kw`KZvi Dci mvsMVwbK Kw`KZv Mo DVjB GKgv MYZvwK Kw`KZv `ji ga
KvR KiZ cvi| GB Av`kMZ Kw`KZv, hUv MYZvwK Kw`KZvi cvYmv Zv Mo Zvjvi msMvgwUK mywbw` Ki
KgiW Nvl `Lvb : GB Av`kMZ Kw`KZv cvwUi Afi GKgv gvKmev`-jwbbev`K wfw Ki, g~jK eev`K
wfw Ki Kej A_bwZK, ivRbwZK weklYi B bq, ewMZ Rxebi mg w`KK ev Ki Iqvb cmm Ad
5|Page

w_swKs, BDwbdwgwU Ad w_swKs, Iqvbbm Bb GcvP Ges wmjbm Ad cvicvm (mg-wPv cwZ, mg-wPv, mg-wePviaviv,
mg-DkgywLbZv) Mo Zvjvi msMvgi ga w`q Mo IV| G wRwbm Mo ZzjZ cvijB cvwUi Afi MYZvwK
cwqvq cvjUvwiqvb MYZvwK bxwZ Pvjy nqQ eySZ ne| gb ivLZ ne, kYxwef mgvR GB MYZi aviYv I
`yaiYi| GKUv nQ eyRvqv MYZ hv ewMZ gvwjKvbv, Drcv`bi Dci ewMZ AwaKvi Ges eyRvqv Rxebhvv, A_vr
ewev`K cwZdwjZ KiQ| Avi GKUv nQ menviv MYZ hv h_ gvwjKvbv, Drcv`b Ges eUbi Dci h_ KZZ Ges
menviv Rxebhvv A_vr h_ Rxebhvv cwZK cwZdwjZ KiQ| GB Av`kMZ Kw`KZv hv `ji ga KvhKixfve
menviv MYZi bxwZK Pvjy Ki| Zvi wfwZ `ji mvsMVwbK K`xKiY Mo DVjB Ze `ji Afi MYZvwK
GK`xKiYi KvVvgvwU Mo DVZ cvi| menviv MYZ I menviv mswZ ejZ Kx evSvq Zv jwbb weZfve `wLq
hvbwb| KgiW Nvl jwbbi wPvK weZ I DbZ Ki `wLqQb, menviv mswZ ARb Qvov `j menviv MYZ h_v_fve
KvR KiZ cvi bv|
2| jwbbi wkv _K KgiW Nvl `Lvb : eyRvqv MYZ Avmj MYZi bvg ewbZZ cwZv nIqvi dj GB
MYZi Pwi nq co dgvj (AvbyvwbK)| Abw`K mgvRZvwK wece hnZz ewMZ gvwjKvbvi cwieZ mvgvwRK
gvwjKvbv Ges kwgKkYxi bZZ Drcv`bi Dci h_ KZZ cwZvi wece, mBnZz kwgKkYxi MYZ bZZi aviYv
nQ h_ bZZi aviYv| wK G h_ bZZ ejZ wK evSvq? jwbb ejQb, `ji mKj m`mi h_ vbB nQ h_
bZZ| jwbbi GB wkvK weKwkZ I mg Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb : cvwUi bZv, Kgx, mvaviY mf I mg_K`i I
kwgKkYx Ges RbmvaviYi msMvgi ga w`q h mwwjZ vb I AwfZv Rb wbQ, msMvgi ga mK hy cZKi
gaB mB wPv I AwfZvi ewKiY NUQ| wK hnZz Avgiv Rvwb, GB eRMZ Kvbv `yUv welq (phenomenon)
GKevi e GK nZ cvi bv, mB GKB KviY cvwUi mg mf I bZv`i mwwjZ msMvgi viv AwRZ AwfZv I
vbi Dcjw mKji ga GK nZ cvi bv| hvi ga w`q GB h_ vb I AwfZvi mekic ewKiY NU, wZwbB
h_ bZZi wekwlKZ ic wnmve `Lv `b| ivwkqvb ejkwfK cvwUi bZZ jwbb, Pxbi KwgDwb cvwUi bZZ gvImZzO-Gi Afzvb mB mg cvwUwjZ h_ bZZi wekwlKZ cKvk Qvov wKQzB bq| Ges `ji mwwjZ vb I
AwfZv Kvbv GKRb bZvi ga w`q hLb GBfve mevgic ewKiY nq, bZZ weKvki GKgv mB iB `ji
Afi McBRg Ges bZZi wqvKjvci ga ewbZZi I eyRvqv ewev`i cfveK m~Yic LZg Kiv me
Ges `ji Afi GB Aevi De njB GKgv ejv Pj h, `jwU cjUvwiqvb MYZi bxwZK Pvjy KiZ Ges h_
bZZi Rb w`Z mg nqQ| dj, GB h_ bZZ Mo Zvjvi msMvgwUB nj kwgKkYxi cvwU msMVbi AvfixY
KvVvgvwU MYZvwK GK`xKiYi wfwZ Mo Zvjvi g~j msMvg|
3| KwgDwb cvwU MVbi eve cwqvK AwZ mywbw` Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb h `jwUi mvsMVwbK KvVvgvi P~ov ic
`evi c~e KVvi I Kmwnz msMvg cwiPvjbv Ki h wZbwU cv_wgK kZ c~iY Kiv `iKvi, Zv nj : c_gZ, huviv `j MVb
KiZ AMYx nqQb, Zuv`i wbR`i ga c_g wPvRMZi meK ev Ki, GgbwK ewMZ Rxebi LuywUbvwU cwZwU
w`KK RwoZ Ki, GKUv mgvRZvwK Av`vjb g~jK eev`-Gi wfwZ Mo Zzj Av`kMZ K`xKiYi eywbqv` vcbv
KiZ ne| wZxqZ, gb ivLZ ne, h_ bZZi eve I wekwlKZ aviYv Mo Zvjvi msMvg GK A_ cvwU Mo
Zvjvi cv_wgK msMvg| ZvB wPvRMZi meK ev Ki Av`kMZ K`xKiY, A_vr mg-wPv cwZ, mg-wPv, mgwePviaviv I mg-DkgyLxbZv Mo ZzjZ bv cvij h_ bZZi GB evexKZ I wekwlKZ aviYvwU `ji ga Mo
ZvjvB me bq, Ges hZw`b ch huviv `j MVb KiZ AMYx nqQb mB mg bZv I Kgx`i ga h_ bZZi GB
wekwlKZ aviYvi Rb bv nq, gb ivLZ ne, ZZw`b ch `ji P~ov mvsMVwbK ic `evi mgq Avmwb| KviY, Gic
Aevq `ji P~ov mvsMVwbK ic w`Z Mj `jwU MYZvwKfve K`xf~Z cvwUi e`j hvwKfve K`xf~Z cvwUZ
chewmZ nq Ges h_ bZZ Mo Zvjvi e`j `jwU AvbyvwbK Ges eyivwUK bZZi Rb w`q _vK| ZZxqZ, `ji
AvfixY bZv I Kgx`i GB wbijm msMvgi ga w`q huviv `j MVb KiZ AMYx nqQb Zuv`i ga GK`j
cdkbvj ifzwjDkbvixi Rb w`Z nq huviv nj kwgKkYxi msMvgx mPZb Aski mB Ask hviv aygv ivRbwZK
I A_bwZK B bq, Rxebi mew`K ev Ki GKUv mgvRZvwK Av`vjb Mo Zvjvi ga w`q gvKmev`jwbbev`K, A_vr kwgKkYxi wecex Av`kK Ggbfve Rxeb MnY KiZ mg nqQ hvi dj ewMZ Rxebi cqvRb,
bvbvwea myweav-Amyweav cfwZi Ea DV wbtmskq, wbwavq I Avb`i mv_ wecex Rxebi msMvgi wewfb RwUj cwqvq
Zviv me mgqB wj _vKZ mg Ges mg evcvi, GgbwK ewMZ evcviI, Avb`i mv_ wecei ^v_ cvwUi KvQ
wbwavq mvewgU KiZ mg| GKgv GB cdkbvj iwfwjDkbvix`i ga _KB hw` cvwUi bZv I bZvbxq Kgxiv
Avm, ZvnjB GKwU cvwU mwZKvii KwgDwb cvwUi hvMZv ARb KiZ cvi|
4| KgiW Nvl AviI Mfxi wePvi Ki `Lvb, GKwU KwgDwb cvwU Dciv `j MVbi Acwinvh kZwj cvjb Ki Mo
DVjI bZv I Kgx`i Av`kMZ I mvswZK gvbK gvMZ DbZ Kivi GB eywbqvw` msMvgK Rxe bv ivLj, h eyRvqv
6|Page

cwiek cvwU KvR Ki Zvi _K ewev`i SvuK bZv I Kgx`i Dci coeB| ZvQvov `ji Afi MYZvwK
GK`xKZvi bxwZ ZLbB Pvjy _vKZ cvi hLb cvwU Kgx`i gvb Ggb GKUv b~bZg DPi cuQQ, h i cuQzj
mg KgxB, AZ ewkifvM Kgx Zv`i wPvK I evaMgfve cKvk KiZ mg| ZMZ wePvii Gic b~bZg
gZv ARbi cavb kZ nQ, eve msMvgi ga w`q Kgx`i DbZZi mvswZK gvb ARb Kiv| GUv me njB GKgv
bZv`i mv_ cvwU Kgx`i ZwePvii Av`kMZ msMvg h_v_B eve -mg^qi ic wbZ cvi|
5| jwbb `wLqQb, GKwU wecex Z Qvov wece nZ cvi bv Ges GB RbB GKwU wecex Z Qvov GKwU mwZKvii wecex
`jI Mo DVZ cvi bv| jwbbi GB eeK weklY Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb h : jwbb wecex Z ejZ GKwU `ji
ay ivRbwZK cvMvg Ges cwjwm evSvZ Pvbwb; wZwb wecex Z ejZ `ji K`xq bZZ viv Rxebi cwZwU w`K mK
vb-wevbi aviYvwjK vwK cwZZ Kv-AwWbU Ki GKwU cyiv vbi cwigjKB (epistomological
category) eywSqQb| Avi G aibi GKwU wecex Z gvKmev`-jwbbev`i Avavi Av`kMZ Kw`KZvK Mo Zvjvi
j Rxebi mg w`KK K` Ki h msMvg Zvi AwfZv _KB Mo IV; Ges Av`kMZ Kw`KZv I Zvi Dci
mvsMVwbK Kw`KZv Mo DVjB `jwU mwZKvii, jwbbi fvlvq, gbvwjw_K Pwi ARb Ki AwZ kwkvjx cvwUZ
cwiYZ nZ cvi| hviv w_qvwi ejZ ay cwjwUKvj Av BKbwgK w_qvwi gb KiZ, Zv`i wevw `wLq wke`vm Nvl
ejjb, gvKmev`K RxebmsMvg wnmve MnY bv Kij h_v_ KwgDwb Pwi ARb Kiv hve bv|
6| wke`vm Nvli fvlvq, bZZi ga AvgjvZvwK KgcwZi mgmv gvKvejv KiZ ... cqvRb nQ, constant
common association, constant common discussion and constant common activity ga bZviv cvwU
KgiW`i mv_ wbR`i RxebK Ggb Ki hy Kieb, hvZ Zvi ga w`q KgiWiv Zv`i cwZwU LuywUbvwU mgmvi Di
cvq, Ges KwgDwb iwP-mswZ Mo Zvjvi msMvgUv kwkvjx nq| [Pxbi KwgDwb cvwUi beg I `kg KsMm, c 152]
7| KwgDwb`i AvPiYwewai Ici c~eKvi gvKmev`x wPvbvqKiv AvjvPbv KiQb| Zvi wfwZB KgiW wke`vm Nvl G
msv aviYvK AviI mg KiQb| DbZ KwgDwb Pwii wfw wnme wZwb h ewmweva gy gvbwmKZvi K_v
ejQb, Zvi Ici `vuwoqB KwgDwb KvW Ae KbWv msv Zvui wPv I evLv gvKmev`i fvvi bZzb Ae`vb, hvi
wfwZ wZwb ejQb, mgvjvPbvKI Lywk gb gvbZ ne, Mwii gZvgZK Avb`i mv_ MnY KiZ ne|
8| BwZc~e DbZ KwgDwb Pwi ejZ evSvbv nZ, wecei ^v_ gyL, ew^v_ MY| KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvjb, GUv
eyRvqv gvbeZvev`x g~jevai wfwZ KwgDwb Pwii aviYv, GUv wece cieZx mgvR KvR Kie bv| P~ov cwZwqvkxj
ewev`i GB mgq Abvb cyuwRev`x `k wecei cwZceI KwgDwb Pwii GB gvb w`q ne bv| GB Aevq wZwb
`Lvjb, wewfb cyuwRev`x `k AvRKi hyM KwgDwb Pwii DbZ gvb ARbi Rb Ges wecei ci mgvRZK GwMq
wbq hvIqvi Rb ay ewMZ mw cwiZvM KivB bq, Rxebi me ewMZ mwRvZ gvbwmK RwUjZv _K gy
nq kYx, `j I wecei mv_ GKvZ nZ ne|
9| KgiW wke`vm Nvl KwgDwb Av`vjb DbZ menviv mswZ, g~jeva I bwZK gvb ARbi ck evi evi iZ
Avivc KiQb| wZwb ejQb : .. hKvb hyM hKvb wecex Z I gZv`ki Avmj gge I cvYmv wbwnZ _vK Zvi
mswZMZ I bwZK aviYvi ga| mBic eyRvqv wece I cyuwRev`x wecei hyMi mevP ii gvbeZvev`x mswZ, g~jeva
I bwZKZvi aviYvi PqI DbZZi menviv mswZ, g~jeva I bwZK gvb ARb Kivi gaB h wbwnZ iqQ gvKmev`xjwbbev`x fvev`ki g~j gge I cvYmv, ...| ... gvKm, Gjm, jwbb, vwjb, gvI mg bZviB ee Abyaveb
Kij Rvbv hvq h, DbZZi mvswZK gvb A_vr menviv mswZMZ gvb ARb KiZ bv cvij mwVKfve gvKmev`xjwbbev`x Z wePvii gZvB ARb Kiv hvq bv|
wZwb welqwU bvbv w`K _K evLv Kib ejb : ...GK`j bZv AvQb hvuiv, Kgx`i PZbvi gvb hnZy Lye DuPz i, Lye
m~ wePvii gZv ARbi i DVZ mgq jvM, mnZz Zvu`i PZbvi wbggvbi myhvM jwbb, vwjb, gvI m ZzO-Gi
`vnvB co Ges gvUvgywUfve wecei Z Ges Mig Mig eywj AvDo Ges mgq mgq wKQz gvigyLx jovB cwiPvjbv Ki
Kgx I RbmvaviYK evSvZ Pvb, cvwUi iYbxwZUv Ges wecei i m^ weklYUv wVK njB bvwK cvwUUv wVK nq hve|
Zvici Rxebi wewfb wewfb welq m^ bZv`i AvPiY hvB nvK& bv Kb; wk, mvwnZ, iwP, bwZKZv, cvwievwiK
mK, mvgvwRK mK m^ hvB Zvu`i `wfw _vKzK bv Kb Ges cvZwnK AvPiYi hZ wbgZg mvswZK I
iwPMZ gvbB Zvuiv cwZdwjZ Kib bv Kb, ZvZ wKQz Avm hvq bv! Zvu`i ee weklY Kij hv `vuovq, Zv nQ, wecei
Z mK A_vr ivRbxwZ mK aviYvUv aygv gvKmev`mZ njB Pje Avi ewMZ Rxeb mswZMZ `wfw I
AvPiYi hw` bZv I Kgxiv eyRvqv mswZi `vmB _K hvb, Zv wbq gv_v Nvgvevi `iKvi bB| ... GK`j bZv GB
wecex ZUv wVK njB, wecei i wbaviY wVK njB cvwUUv wVK nq Mj Ges Zvi vivB wece nq hve GB K_v ej
Kgx I bZv`i meevcK mvswZK wece, hv me wecei AvM mB wekl wecei cwic~iK A_ c_g Kiv cqvRb, mB
7|Page

i`vwqZK Gwoq hvb Ges wbRivI mB Abyhvqx gvKmev`x `wfwZ wbR`i ewMZ Rxebi Afvm, AvPiY I
mswZMZ w`KUv cwieZb Kivi Pv Kib bv| A_P jwbb Avgv`i wkwLqQb, cultural revolution precedes
technical revolution, A_vr mswZMZ wece i nevi ciB iv `Lji wece msNwUZ nZ cvi| ZvB h Kvb
mwZKvii gvKmev`x-jwbbev`xB Rvbb h, ivRbwZK, A_bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvswZK Kgm~wPi BwUMkb (mshvRb)
Qvov Kvb `ki wece mdj Kiv me bq| (GmBDwm Kb GKgv mvgev`x `j)
AvRv wZK mvgev`x Av`vjb I AvaywbK mskvabev` cm
10| KwgDwb jxM Ad hyMvkvwfqvi bZv gvkvj wUUvK Kwgbdig _K ewnvii cUf~wgZ mvgev`x wkweii
AvZmgvjvPbv bvgK AvjvPbvq AvRv wZK mvgev`x Av`vjbi hvwK wPv I msMVb cwZi cwZ wekmvgev`x
Av`vjbi bZZi `w AvKlY Ki 1948 mvjB (A_vr vwjbi RxweZvevZB) ejb : ... gZv`kMZ eZgvb
h AgvKmxq hvwK `wfxi mgmv iqQ, Zv hw` mgq gZ wVKfve mgvavb bv Kiv nq, Zvnj wek BwZnvm Ggb NUbv
NUjI Avh nIqvi wKQz _vKe bv, hLb gvbyl `Le h, wewfb `k mgvRZ cwZvi ciI KwgDwbiv, wbR`i ga
HKK AviI my`p Kiv Ges wekmvgev`x mgvR cwZvi w`K ewj c`c `Z GwMq hvevi cwieZ wbR`i ga
LvjvLywj -Kjn GgbwK hy-weMnI wj nq coQ| GB uwkqvix fwelvYxi gZvB cieZxKvj mZ cgvwYZ nq|
11| mvwfqZ BDwbqbi KwgDwb cvwUi weskwZ KsMmi wicvU (1956)-K hLb Pxbmn weki AwaKvsk KwgDwb cvwU
c_ AvjvwKZ Kie ej Awfb`b RvwbqwQj ZLb GKgv KgiW wke`vm Nvl wicvUwUK gvKmev`-jwbbev`i
AvjvK cLvbycyLic weklY Ki ge KiwQjb, wicvUi wUwj hw` mgq _vKZ `~i bv Kiv nq, Ze GwU
kvabev`i wmsnvi Dby Ki `e|
KgiW Nvli G weklY fwelvYxi gZvB mZ ej Ai Ai cgvwYZ nq| Ges Pxbi KwgDwb cvwUI Zvi cyibv
wePvi mskvab Ki|
12| eZgvb hyMi Pwi m^^ jwbbxq weklYK wfw Ki wZwb `wLqQb, G-hyM nj mvgvRev`, hy Ges menviv wecei
hyM| wK vwjb cieZxKvj hyvi cwiwwZi b~Zb evLv Ki zfi bZZ mvwfqZ KwgDwb cvwU G hyMK
mvgvRev`i fvObi hyM, mgvRZi cwZvi Ges mgvRZvwK `kwji AviI AMMwZ I weKvki hyM ej eYbv Ki Ges
G wmv DcbxZ nq h, GB b~Zb cwiwwZZ mvgvRev`x hyM hyi AwbevhZv mwKZ jwbbi wmv AKvhKix nq
MQ| wZxqZ, eZgvb cwiwwZZ ek wKQz `k kvwc~Y Dcvq mgvRZvwK wece nIqv me; GgbwK cvjvgUK RbMYi
BQvi h cwiYZ Ki kvwc~Y Dcvq mgvRZ vcb Kiv me| mvwfqZ bZZi GB weklYi viv weki, wekl Ki
BDivci e KwgDwb cvwUB cfvweZ nq Ges kvwc~Y wecei A gvn cvjvgUvwi ivRbxwZi wkKvi nq co|
KgiW wke`vm Nvl hyvi cwiwwZi jwbbxq weklY Ki `Lvb h, hyvi Kvj ivwkqv Ges Pxbi bZZ c~e
BDivci mgvRZvwK `kwjmn wfqZbvg, Di Kvwiqv, gvwjqv, wKDev cfwZi viv mgvRZvwK kvwwkwei Mo IVv
I Zvi `Z kwew Ges Abw`K cuywRev`x-mvgvRev`x wkweii geagvb evRvi msKU `yej nq hvIqvi dj eZgvb
cwiwwZi DjLhvM cwieZb njI YMZ cwieZb nqwb| GB cwieZbi weklZ GB h hy-c~eeZx Kvj hLb
mvgvRev`xivB hy ev kvwi ck GKgv wbqvgK kw wQj, GLb Avi m Aev bB; GLb mvgev`x kvwwkwei
mvgvRev`x`i Dci kvw Pvwcq w`Z mg| wK G-K_vi A_ GB bq h, GB cwiwwZZ jwbb wb`wkZ mvgvRev`x hyMi
hyi AwbevhZvi wbqg KvhKvwiZv nvwiq djQ| mvgvRev` hZY wUK _vKQ m Zvi g~j Pwi wbqB wUK _vKe|
dj hZw`b mvgvRev` _vKe, hyi mvebvI ZZw`b _vKe| hy ne wK ne bv Zv eve cwiwwZi Dci wbfi Ki| wZwb
ejQb, eZgvb cwiwwZZ mvgvRev`x`i hy evavevi mvebvI hgb eve, ZgbB Zv`i Dci kvw Pvwcq `evi
mvebvI ZZLvwb eve| wZwb AviI `Lvb hyvi Kvj cuywRev`-mvgvRev`i msKU ZxeZi nIqvq, evRvi msKUi Rb
mg mvgvRev`x `kB evRvi Kwg ZRxfve mw Kivi Rb A_bxwZi mvgwiKxKiY KiZ eva nQ Ges hZB A_bxwZi
mvgwiKxKiY nQ ZZB hy-cwiwwZ Mo DVQ| GB Aevq hyi mvebv bB ej cPvi Kij hy cwiwwZ eve nq
`Lv `e|
wZwb AviI `wLqQb, mvwfqZ bZZi GB kvabev`x, AZ wUc~Y weklYi dj Zviv kvwc~Y mnvevb-Gi bxwZ
hvi wecex Zvrch nj hyevR mvgvRev`x`i hy cPvK KvhKixfve ivLv, Zvi cwieZ kvwc~Y AvZmgcYi
(peacefulcapitulation) bxwZ AbymiY KiQ, h c_ hyi mvebvKB Zivw^Z Ki|
13| KgiW Nvl AviI `Lvb h hyvi cwiwwZZ cuywRev`x-mvgvRev`x kwwj `yej nq coQ G Aevq Zv`i
BQv Abyhvqx Zviv hy evavZ cvi bv G K_vi A_ GB bq h Zv`i `ki kwgKkYx gZv `Lji Rb msMvg i
Kij ZvK ivxq mk kw w`q `gbi Pv bv Ki, kvwc~Yf
ve kwgK`i nvZ ivgZv Qo `e| Zv`i GZ `yej

8|Page

gb Kij gvivZK fzj ne| wZwb `Lvb, c~ei _K `yej njI mvgvRev`x`i mvgwiK kw AbK Y ew cqQ| dj
kvwc~Y wecei Kvbv mvebvB eZgvb bB| hw` hywi LvwZi aiI bIqv nq h, Kvbv `ki wece kvwc~Y ne,
ZvnjI eyRvqv kvmbi AbZg A cvjvgUK kvwlZkYxi BQvi h cwiYZ Ki mgvRZ vcb Kiv
HwZnvwmKfveB me bq| wZwb `Lvb, zfi GB aibi kvabev`x Z kwgKkYxK Av`kMZ wbi Ki
cwZwecei Rwg Zwi Kie|
14| 50-Gi `kK Gwkqv-AvwdKvq bqv^vaxbZvcv beRvMZ RvZxqZvev`x `kwji AfzvbK wZwb 2q wekhy cieZx
AvRvwZK GKwU AZ iZc~Y NUbv ej wPwZ Kib Ges jwbb ewYZ eZgvb hyMi g~j 4wU i mv_ GBme
bqv^vaxbZvcv eyRvqv RvZxqZvev`x `kwji GKw`K mvgvRev`i mv_ Ges Aciw`K mgvRZvwK wkweii m
i NUbvK cg wnme iZ `qvi K_v ejb| GKBmv_ wZwb `Lvb beRvMZ RvZxqZvev`x `kwj hLb kvw I
mvgvRev`weivwaZvi K_v ej, mUv Zviv cyuwRcwZkYxi ^v_i Av cqvRbi w`K ZvwKqB ej| GB AevbK KvR
jvMvbvi mv_ mv_ G`i kvwbxwZi mv_ mgvRZvwK wkweii kvwbxwZi cv_K Ges Gme `ki cyuwRev`x kvmKkYxi
dvwmev`x, mvgvRev`x I mmviYev`x SvuKK Av`kMZfve DbvPb KiZ ne KwgDwb`i|
15| mvwfqZ cvwU I ivK Kivq Kivi ci e cKvii mskvabev`x bxwZ I Kvhgi viv gvKmev`-jwbbev` Ges
mgvRZvwK c_ _K wePyZ nZ _vK| jwbbxq wkvi AvaviB vwjb mgvRZK Mo ZzjQb| wK mgvRZi mv_
vwjbi bvg Ggbfve RwoZ nq AvQ h vwjbi bvgK gmxwj bv Ki mgvRev` _K mi hvIqv me wQj bv| GB
DkB zf bZZ weskwZZg KsMm vwjbi mgvjvPbvi bvg vwjb-weivax AccPvi i Ki| vwesk KsMm
Zv AviI Zxe Kiv nq| Zuvi iPbvejx wbwl Kiv nq, Zuvi wZweRwoZ kni, cvK, ivv, h_Lvgvi Ges AviI e cwZvb,
hLvbB Zuvi bvg wQj, mwji bvg e`j `Iqv nq| Zuvi cwZKwZ Ges g~wZwj mwiq djv nq Ges jwbb-vwjb
gymvwjqvg _K Zuvi gi`nwU AcmvwiZ Kiv nq| GBme wbq weki wewfb cvwUi ga Mfxi gZf` `Lv `q GgbwK
mvwfqZ bZZi GB vwjb-weivax c`c wbq Avjebxqvi mv_ gZf` GZ`~i ch hvq h Zv`i K~UbwZK mKB
wQb nq|
GB cwiwwZZ KgiW Nvl yfK GK Lvjv wPwV jLb| ZvZ wZwb KZKwj ck Zvjb hvZ Kvbv A_wiwUK wePvi
Kivi cwZ Ges Zvi g~jvqbi Avavi wK wK ne, ay ZvB Zzj aib wb, A_wiwU mwKZ aviYv-mn ewc~Rvi g~j KviY wK
BZvw` AwZ iZc~Y welqi AeZviYv Kib Ges GmKj welq gvKmev`x-jwbbev`x aviYv wK ZvI DcwZ Kib|
c_gZ wZwb `Lvb, mvwfqZ KwgDwb cvwU vwjbi h wekl g~jvqb KiQ Ges vwjb mK h-me c`c wbQ,
m evcvi wewfb `ki KwgDwb cvwUwji ga eve h gZcv_K iqQ ZvK A^xKvi Kij wbwZfve wek mvgev`x
Av`vjbiB wZ Kiv ne : ... Avgiv gb Kwi welqwUi m mswk mg ckwjK wek`fve LuywUq wePvi Kiv cqvRb
Ges wewfb `ki KwgDwb cvwU I evcK RbMYK RwoZ Ki cKvk gZv`kMZ Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvagB Zv nIqv
`iKvi| KviY Gaibi cKvk gZv`kMZ weZKi ga w`qB wewfb `ki KwgDwb cvwUwji h gZweiva Zv `~i nZ
cvi| ... kwgKkYx Ges evcK RbMYK wkwZ I mPZb Ki Mo Zvjvi GB nj jwbb wb`wkZ c_| ... Avevi
kwgKkYx Ges RbMYi KvQ _K wkv MnY Kivi c_I GUvB|
GK AwZ iZc~Y welqi Dci KgiW Nvl weki KwgDwb`i `w AvKlY Ki ejb : Z_ AZ iZc~Y| GZ
Kvbv m`n bB| wK Z_K mwVK fwZ wePvi-weklY Ki mZ cuQybv AviI AbK ewk iZc~Y| GKB iKg Z_
_K mvgvRev`x-cuywRev`xiv Ges KwgDwbiv wfb wfb wmv cuQvq, KviY h `wfxi mvnvh Zviv GKB Z_ wePvi
Kib mB `wfxB wfb|
wZwb IB wPwVZ ejb : `ytLi m njI G K_v Avgiv ejZ eva h vwesk KsMm zf h me Z_ ck KiQb, Zv
_K Avgiv h wmv cuQwQ, Zv zfi ewMZ wmv _K c_K| ... hw` GKB Z_ mK KwgDwb`i ga
wmvUv wfb wfb nq Ze Z_wj hvPvB Kiv Ges Zv _K mwVK wmv DcbxZ nIqvi Rb mB Z_wjK AvRvwZK
KwgDwb dvivg ck KivUv Zv AviI ewk cqvRb|
wZwb AwZ iZ w`q ejb : ZvQvov, wZwb (vwjb) wQjb wek mvgev`x Av`vjbi bZv I wkK| myZivs vwjbi
g~jvqb msv Kvbv ckB Kej gv mvwfqZ KwgDwb cvwUi GKvi welq nZ cvi bv| mg `ki KwgDwb cvwUi
KvQB Gi iZ mgwaK|
KgiW Nvl `Lvb, ewc~Rvi wei msMvg Kivi bvg zf KvhZ ew vwjbK gmxwj KiviB Pv KiQ| Gi
cgvY nj h, h eve cwiwwZi _K ewc~Rv Mo IV mwj `~i Kivi Rb Kvbv KvhKix c`c MnY bv Ki
mvwfqZ cvwU bZZ vwjbi wei Kzrmv iUbv Ki PjQ|
9|Page

ewc~Rv Mo IVvi KviYwj mywbw`fve wb`k Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb : hw` A_wiwU mK A aviYv _vK, hw` cvwU
ewWwji evwK mf`i m bZZi vwK mK bv _vK, hw` MYZvwK K`xKZvi cwieZ AvbyvwbK MYZi wfwZ
K`xKZvi PPv PjZ _vK, hw` ewc~Rv Mo IVvi AbyK~j cwiek `ji Afi _KB hvq, Zvnj hZB iZc~Y
mgmvwj wbq cvwUewWZ AvjvPbv I wmv MnY Kiv nvK bv Kb ewc~Rv Mo IVvi GB AbyK~j cwiek _vKQ ejB
ewc~RvI RNbic wUK _vKe|
wZwb AviI weklbi gvag `Lvb : ... ewc~Rvi mgmv wbQK Kvb ewK K` Ki GKUv mgmv bq| iev`
(A_wiUvwiqvwbRg) Mo IVvi AbyK~j cwiek hw` _vK Ze GKRb ewK K` Ki, GKwU KwgwUK K` KiI AviI
AbK m~fve ewc~Rvi PPv PjZ cvi| myZivs hw` ewc~RvK wbg~j
KiZ nq Gi welgq cfve m~Yfve `~i KiZ
nq, Zvnj Zvi GKgv c_ nj, A_wiwU mK hvwK aviYvK wPiZi `~i Kiv Ges Zvi cwieZ A_wiwU mK vwK
Dcjw Mo Zvjv| AvbyvwbK MYZi Ici wfw Ki h K`xKZv Zvi PPv cwiZvM Ki h_v_B MYZvwK K`xKZvi
bxwZK eve icvwqZ Kiv| Ges Gi Rb KgiW`i Av`kMZ PZbvi gvbK Ggb i DbxZ Kiv hvZ ZK-weZKi ga
w`q AvjvPbv KiZ Zviv mg nq|
`ytLi welq, h cwiek ewc~Rv Mo IVvi I Zv evoZ `Iqvi AbyK~j KvR KiQ mB cwiekwUK `~i Kivi e`j
zf wbR Ges wmwcGmBD-i Abvb bZviv ew vwjbi wei msMvg AeZxY nqQ|
GB cm KgiW Nvl gvKmev`i `ywU AwZ iZc~Y welqi AeZviYv Kib| c_gwU nj A_wiwU mwKZ gvKmev`x
aviYv| wZwb `Lvb : gvKmev`-jwbbev` A_wiwUi aviYv KvR Ki GZ Kvbv m`n bB| wK gvKmev`-jwbbev`
mZ GB A_wiwUi aviYvi mv_ iev`i we`ygvI mv`k bvB; iev`i wfw nj bZZi mv_ msMvg weewRZ, A
AvbyMZ; iev` gb Ki, A_wiwU KLbv fzj KiZ cvi bv; A_wiwU mKj mgvjvPbvi Ea, A_vr A_wiwUK klch
GKevi `eZv evwbq dj| A_wiwU mK GB h hywnxb A aviYv Gi m A_wiwU mK vwK eev`x aviYvK
KvbvgZB GK Ki `Lv Pj bv| A_wiwU mK vwK aviYv bZZi m i cwqvK ev` Zv `qB bv, eis GB
-mg^qi cwqvK AvewkK c~e-kZ ej gb Ki| GB weivavZK Pwii bq, A_wiwUi m GB i Dk nj,
A_wiwUi mv_ HKK my`p Kiv Ges A_wiwUKB AviI my`p Kiv|
wZxq h iZc~Y welqwU wZwb vwjbi g~jvqbi ck Zzj aiQb Zvnj, vwjbi gZv gnvb gvKmev`x bZvi ev hKvbv KwgDwbi g~jvqb ne Kvb gvb`|
KgiW Nvl `Lvb : ... Pwi Ges ewk, Dfq w`K _KB KwgDwb g~jeva gvbeZvev`x g~jeva _K gwjKfve
c_K| gvbe mgvRi BwZnvm gvbeZvev`B kl K_v bq| kvlYg~jK eyRvqv eev hZ`~i DbZ wPvaviv Rb w`Z cvi
gvbeZvev`B wbtm`n Zvi ga cvYe| wK mgvRi AMMwZ GLvb GmB _g hvqwb, Avi mB KviYB g~jevai w`K
_K gvbeZvev` gvbemgvRi mevP gvbK cwZdwjZ KiZ cvi bv| cKZc, gvbeZvev`i hLvb kl mLvb _KB
KwgDwbRgi i| gvbeZvev`x g~jevai mg wbhvm wbOo wbq, gvbeZvev`i Aejywi c_B KwgDwb g~jevai Rb
Ges weKvk| vwjbi Pwii ew`K hjv gvbeZvev`x g~jevai gvcKvwVZ wePvi Kij bwZevPK w`K ej gb ne,
GKgv KwgDwb g~jevai mwVK Dcjwi AvaviB mBme w`Kwji h_vh_ g~jvqb Kiv me|
GB wPwVZ wZwb AwZ iZ w`q `Lvb h : GK_v ^xKvi KiZB ne h Zuvi c~em~ix gvKm, Gjm Ges jwbbi gZv,
vwjbI gvKmev`i GKRb A_wiwU| ZvB vwjbK gyQ djvi Awbevh cwiYvg nj Zuvi A_wiwUK A^xKvi Kiv; hvi A_
jwbbev` mK Zuvi Dcjw hwU gvKmev`-jwbbev` mK AvRKi w`bi mwVK Dcjw ZvKB A^xKvi Kiv|
vwjbi A_wiwUK hw` A^xKvi Kiv nq, Zvnj gvKmev`-jwbbev`i cvYmvK iv KiZ UUwev`x Ges eyLvwibcx`i
wei h wbijm msMvg vwjb cwiPvjbv KiwQjb, AvMvgx cRbi KvQ BwZnvmi mB Aavq gmxwj, ZgmvQb _K
hve, Zvi dj my`p Av`kMZ cZq Mo Zvjvi myhvM _K Zv`i ewZ Kiv ne| Gi viv gvKmev`-jwbbev`i bvg
hveZxq cwZwecex wPvfvebv Avg`vbxi ivv Lyj `Iqv ne Ges mvgev`x Av`vjbi Av`kMZ wfwUvB wZM ne| GK
K_vq, Gi viv gnvb jwbb Z_v jwbbev`i ghv`vKB KvhZ f~jywZ Kiv ne|
KgiW Nvl mywbw`fve `Lvb : ... Avgv`i cvwU `wLqQ, wU hZUzKz nqQ Zv Zuvi mvgwMK mvdji Zzjbvq
GKeviB AwKwrKi| dj vwjbK Kvwjgvwj Kivi Kvbv myhvM bB| wekmvgev`x Av`vjb AZ gZvkvjx
AbymiYxq KwgDwb Pwi wnmve wZwb GLbI Aevb KiQb| wZwb GLbI Avgv`i wkK Ges bZv| (ivwkqvq
mskvabev`i weKvk I cuywRev`i wec` cm)
16| kvabev`x zf P cvwU I ivK Kivq Kivi ci _KB mvwfqU ivwkqvi GK`j A_bxwZwe` vwjb Zvui weLvZ
BKbwgK cejg&m Ae mvmvwjRg Bb w` BD Gm Gm Avi-G h weklYvZK m~wj iL hvb mwjK AvgYi je
Kib| Zvu`i gZ, mwj wQj m~Y v| 1962 mvj cKvwkZ mvwfqZ BDwbqb DZ KqKwU A_bwZK mgmv
10 | P a g e

cm msv jLvwUZ KgiW wke`vm Nvl vwjbi A_bwZK mgmv mwKZ wPvi evwbK wfwwU myfve `wLq
kvabev`x weKwZi icwU awiq w`qQb Ges `wLqQb vwjbi A_wiwUK Le Kivi DkB GBme jLK Kjg
aiQb|
17| AvaywbK mskvabev`, hv kl ch GZeo mebvk Kijv h ARm gvbyli AvZ`vbi ga w`q ivwkqv _K i Ki
Pxb mn h-mKj `k kwgKkYxi iv cwZwZ nqwQj (Di Kvwiqv Ges wKDev ev`) Zvi meB cwZwecei ga w`q asm
nq Mj, mB mskvabev` AvR me`ki menviv wecei mvgb cavb evav wnmve `Lv w`qQ| GK civ bv Ki AvR
Kvbv `kB menviv wece mdj Kiv Zv `~ii K_v, Mo ZvjvB me bq| ZvB AvaywbK mskvabev`K civ KiZ Gi
Mo IVvi KviY _K GK civ Kivi DcvqwU RvbZ ne| Avi KgiW wke`vm Nvli wPvi ga w`qB Kej Gi h_v_
Di LuyR cvIqv me|
mskvabev`x wePzwZi KviY wnmve KgiW Nvl ewev` I PZbvi wbPz gvbK `vqx KiQb| wZwb `wLqQb, jwbb cieZx
mgq wevbi bvbv Avwevi, eyRvqv`i bZzb Av`kMZ AvgY Ges wqz gvbeZvev`i I ewev`i msKURwbZ ckwj
wbq gvKmev`x Av`kMZ msMvgi ZMZ AMMwZ bv nIqvq mvgev`x Av`vjb PZbv I mswZi gvb AbybZ
_K
hvq hv hvwKZv Zwi KiQ Ges mskvabev`x wePzwZi Zwi KiQ|
KgiW Nvl `wLqQb h gyLZ eyRvqv ewev`i ewi djB (liberalism) D`viev`i c_ eq zfi bZZKvj
mvwfqZ BDwbqb AvaywbK mskvabev`i Rb| wK mgvRZ, hLvb ewev`i axi axi Aejy nevi K_v, mLvb
ewev` Ggb weKU ic Mo DVjv wK Ki mUv evLv Ki KgiW Nvl `Lvb h, mgvRi gvbwmKZvq I A_bwZK
I mvwfqU cuywRev`i exR wQj| wK A_bxwZZ cuywRev`i Dcv`vb _vKvi RbB ILvb kvabev` Gm MQ welqUv
GiKg bq|
wZwb `Lvb h mgvRZvwK eevq Drcv`bi `Z weKvki dj Rxebhvvi gvb gvMZ DbZ nZ _vK| wK Zvi mv_
mwZ iL PZbvi gvbi AMMwZi msMvgUv Zvi cwic~iKfve bv nj Zv axi axi bvgZ _vK| Avi PZbvi gvb hZ
bvgZ _vK, A_bxwZZ cuywRev`i h exRwj AvQ Ges ZviB DcwiKvVvgv wnmve mgvRRxeb, GgbwK KwgDwb`i
gaI mswZMZ gvbwmK KvVvgvZ h exR jyvwqZ nq AvQ Zv evoZ _vK|
wZwb AviI mnR Ki `Lvb : GB h ewZi cfve, ewev`i gbvfve mgvRZvwK cwiek evo, mUv wVK eyRvqv
mgvRi wbgii ewKw`KZv bv njI Zv ewev` wbqB| mvgev`x eyKwbi Avovj GB ewev`K KgiW Nvl
mvmvwj BbwWwfRyqvwjRg bvg AvLv w`qQb|
vwjbi AvgjI GB ewev`x wPv mgvRRxeb wQj| wK Zv cavb nq mvgb AvmZ cvi wb, KviY ZLb gvKmev`jwbbev`x Av`ki cfve Ges mgvRZvwK Rxebi cwieki ga GUv wwgZ nqwQj| wK vwjbi gZzi ci zf
gZvq Gm ewc~Rv wbg~j Kivi bvg vwjbi A_wiwUi aviYvKB bmvr Ki `Iqvq ewev`i eo IVvi `iRv Lyj
hvq| mv_ mv_ Drcv`bi `Z ewi AwZ AvMn kwgK`i Drcv`b evovZ cYvw`Z Kivi Rb A_ ev myweav (material
incentive) `Iqvi bxwZ ceZb Ki| Gi dj ay ewev`B bq, kwgK`i ga myweavev`x gvbwmKZvI mw nZ _vK|
GKB mv_ ZvwK I mvwfqZ ivK mg RbmvaviYi iv, (wWUiwkc Ae w` cjZvwiqZ) menvivi GKbvqKZi
cqvRb mgv nqQ BZvw` kvabev`x Zi cPvii viv kYxmsMvgi wPvK wemRb `Iqvi ga w`q GK AwZ D`vi
cwiek mw Ki, h cwiek ewev`i Aeva weKvki `iRv Lyj hvq|
KgiW Nvl `Lvb : AvR cuywRev`i mevZK msKUi hyM ewgvwjKvbv Drcv`bi Ges Drcv`bi kwi AMMwZi ,
mgvRi mevxY weKvki P~ov cwZeKZvi mw KiQ| ew ^vaxbZv I ew AwaKvi msv eyRvqv aviYvwj
P~ov ewKw`KZv Ges AvZme^Zvq chewmZ nqQ, ewK gvMZ mgvR mK D`vmxb Ki ZzjQ| AvR ew
gvwjKvbvi cwieZ GKgv mvgvwRK gvwjKvbv cwZvi vivB mgvRi Drcv`b, vb-wevb, mswZ Ges mfZvi mevxY
DbwZ me|
GB Aevq ewi AwaKvi msv eyRvqv aviYv Ges ew ^v_ eva _K gy nq mvgvwRK ^v_i mv_ wbRK GKvZ
Ki `Iqvi msMvgB h ew ^vaxbZv ev ewi gyw ARbi h_v_ msMvg GUvB gvKmev`i mwVK Dcjw|
gvKmev`i GB AZ Riwi A_P RwUj welqwUK AviI cvjfve wZwb `Lvb : AvRK ew ^vaxbZvi msMvgUv ay
mgvRZvwK A_bxwZZ Ges mgvRZvwK eevq mvgvwRK ^v_i mv_ ew ^v_i i Aemvbi Rb mvgvwRK `gb
cxobi h AewkUzKz AvQ, Zvi mgvavbi m Rwoq AvQ, ZvK mgvavb Ki w`Z ne| GUv mgvavb KiZ nj mvgvwRK
^v_i mv_ ew ^v_i weivavZK PwiwUK wgjbvZK Pwi cwiewZZ Ki w`Z ne| Zvi gvb, mvgvwRK ^v_i mv_
ew ^v_K wejxb Ki `Iqvi msMvgUv i KiZ ne| mB msMvgi gaB mvgvwRK weiva Ges `gb-cxob _K ewi
11 | P a g e

gyw wbwnZ iqQ| gvbyli Dci gvbyli Pvcvbv h `gb-cxob, hv _K ivi Drcw, mgvR cwieZbi wbqgi cwiYwZZ
ivwecei ga w`q, ivi Aejywi c_B mB `gb-cxobi nvZ _K gywi Dcvq wbwnZ iqQ| (ivwkqvq ... c: 299)
18| KgiW Nvl `wLqQb : ewev` AvR ay mgvRZvwK `kiB bq, weki meB menviv wecex Av`vjbi mvgb
mePq eo evav wnmve DcwZ nqQ| AvR giYvcb cyuwRev`i hyM ewev` hLb KjywlZ, ZLb ewev`K wejy bv Ki
ewi weKvk hgb me bq, ZgbB ewev`K civ bv Ki mwZKvi KwgDwb cvwU MVb KivI me bq, `ji msnwZ
iv KivI me bq| ZvB cvwU Ges wecex Av`vjbi weKvki Rb ewev`i wei Avcvlnxb msMvg cwiPvjbv Kiv
Acwinvh| wZwb `Lvb GB Av`vjb GKwU AwZ RwUj msMvg| AbKB gb Kib h ew mw _K hnZz ewev`i
Rb, ZLb ew mw ZvM KiB ewev` _K gy nIqv me| wK KgiW Nvl `wLqQb h ew mw ZvM Kiv
KwgDwb`i Rb GKwU cv_wgK msMvg, wK ew mw ZvM KiB ewev` _K gy nIqv me bq| KviY ewmw
_K h ewmw eva (private property mental complex)-Gi mw nq, mB ewmw eva _K gy nIqvi
msMvgB ewev` _K gy nIqvi cKZ msMvg| Avi GUv me njB ew^v_i mv_ mvgvwRK ^v_i wgjb me| Avi GB
msMvgB mskvabev`i weiI cKZ msMvg|
19| Pxbi gnvb menviv mvswZK weceK c~Y mg_b Ges Awfb`b RvwbqI KgiW Nvl ejwQjb, GB wece mvgwqK
mvdj ARb KijI hZY ch mskvabev`x wePzwZi g~j KviY ZMZfve Zvuiv aiZ bv cviQ, gvbeZvev` I
mgvRZvwK ewev`i wei jovB Ki hyMvchvMx DbZ menviv mswZi Kbm aiZ bv cviQ, Ges Zvi wfwZ `ji
Kgx I RbMYK wkwZ bv Ki ZzjQ, h_ bZZ mK hvwK aviYv KvUvZ bv cviQ Ges gvI m Zzs-Gi ecweK
wPvK cwiewZZ cwiwwZi mv_ mvgm iL AviI weKvk NUvZ bv cviQ ZZY evievi mskvabev` I cyuwRev`
cybtcwZvi wec` Avme|
20| Pxbi KwgDwb cvwUi beg KsMm wjb wcqvI DcvwcZ wicvU I msweavb e ZMZ AmwZ `Lv hvq| hrmvgvb
Z_ hv cvIqv wMqwQj mwjK mveZvi hywi AvjvK weklY Ki KgiW Nvl h chvjvPbv Kib, cieZx Kvj
NUbvcevn Zvui mB g~jvqbK m~Y mg_b KiQ| `kg KsMm P Gb jvB-Gi wicvUi Ici AvjvPbv Ki wZwb `Lvb
GB wicvU beg KsMmi AbK wU, ZMZ wevw, ^weivwaZv KvUvZ mvnvh KiQ Ges e iZc~Y wkYxq w`K Zzj
aiQ| wK GKBmv_ wZwb ejb, mskvabev`i wec`K cwZnZ KiZ nj mvswZK wecei hme iZc~Y wU mK
mwVK ZMZ Dcjw `iKvi, Zv GLbv Zviv aiZ cvibwb| beg-`kg KsMmi AvjvPbvZB `ji Afi `yB jvBbi
msMvg, mvgvwRK mvgvRev` BZvw` ck Pxbi cvwUi weklY h mg ZMZ vw `Lv w`qwQj mwj mK KgiW
Nvl g~jevb weklY ivLb|
21| ZZxq weki m`^vaxb beRvMZ RvZxqZvev`x `kjvi mevi wecei i njv RbMYZvwK Pxbi cvwUi GB XvjvI
MvBWjvBb mwVK bq KgiW Nvl Zv `Lvjb| wZwb ejwQjb, Gi dj Pxbi cvwUi ee e ZMZ AmwZ mw nqQ|
hgb - Zviv fviZi kvmK`i ckxj bxwZ I mvgvRev`weivax fwgKvi cksmv KiQb, A_P RbMYZvwK wecei Z
Abyhvqx fviZxq eyRvqvkYx mvgvRev`i Zvue`vi|
22| AvRvwZK KwgDwb Av`vjb HK cwZvi bvg weskwZ KsMmi ci 12 cvwUi I 81 cvwUi `wjj hfve Pxbi
cvwU mskvabev`x jvBbi mv_ mgSvZv KiwQj, ZviI wZwb mgvjvPbv KiwQjb|
gvKmxq `kb I vbZ cm
g~jK I HwZnvwmK eev`i mv gvKm Ges Gjm| Gici hgb jwbb, vwjb Ges gvI mZzO GB `kbK Zuv`i
wePvi w`q weKwkZ I mg KiQb, ZgbB KgiW wke`vm NvlI jwbb cieZxKvj wevbi wKQz b~Zb AvweviK K`
Ki, wekl Ki nvBRbevMi AwbqZvi Z wbq KvhKviY mK, wbaviYev` (Determinism), cyivwjwU Ad
KRm BZvw` ck wevwi mw Ki eve g~jK eev` mKB mskq mw KiwQj, ZLb KgiW wke`vm Nvl
g~jK eev`x wePviavivq GB ckwji mwVK Di `b| jwbb cieZxKvj wevb I `kb hme bZzb ck, mgmv ev welq
GmQ, Zvi ^ic g~jK eev`x `wfwZ evLv Ki gvKmev`i DcjwK DbZ KiQb KgiW wke`vm Nvl|
23| gvBv ewWi MwZi Aevb Ges MwZeM GKB mgq wbaviY Kiv hvq bv, `yUvKB Avjv`vfve wbaviY Kiv hvq
nvBRbevMi GB AvweviK AwbqZv Z bvg w`q GKUv aviYv mw Kiv nq h, eRMZ hb KvbI j ev wbqg KvR
KiQ bv| KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvjb, AwbqZv Z evcviUv Ggb bq h, me wbqgi evBi GUv cyivcywi bivR ev
wekLjv| z`vwZz` KYvi Aevb I MwZeM GKB mgq wbaviY KiZ bv cvijI Avjv`vfve `yUvKB wbaviY Kiv
hvQ| myZivs IB `ywU Aevi ga j KvR KiQ| dj GB wmv Kiv hvq bv h, gvBv ei KvbI j KvR Ki
bv| (vbZ `e)
12 | P a g e

24| mveZvi Z ev j Ae cvevwewjwU Avwevii ci GK`j wevbx I `vkwbK wbaviYev` ev wWUviwgwbRg msv
aviYvK fzj ej AvgY Ki ejb, wbaviYev`, KvhKviY mK (j Ae KRvwjwU) cfwZ meB fzj| G`i Reve w`qB
KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvb h, GB j Ae cvevwewjwU wbaviYev`K c~e- wbaviYev`i wbqwZev`x aviYv _K gy KiQ|
eo ei mveZvi wbqg cqvM Ki Zvi Me wbaviY Kiv hvq| wK z` KYvi Mei mveZv ev
cvevwewjwUi GUvibvj dvim ewk KvR Ki ej Zvi Me wbfyjfve wbaviY Kiv bv I hZ cvi| Gi A_ GB
bq h mUv ZrYvr AwbaviYhvM ev BbwWUviwgwbRg nq Mj| mLvbI j KvR Ki, dj wWUviwgwbRgI KvR Ki|
(fviZeli mvswZK Av`vjb, vbZ)
25| cyivwjwU Ae KRm wekRMr GKwU e bq| AmsL e wgwjqB eRMr ev wekRMr| cwZwU wekl ei cwieZbi
wcQb wekl KviY KvR Ki| hnZz AmsL e wbq wekRMr, ZvB wekRMZi cQb GKUv KviY LyuRZ hIqv AevwbK|
KvbI NUbv NUvi cQb KviY K_vwUK bvbv dvi ev Kwkbi mgvnvi wnme eySZ ne| dvi ev Kwkb KviY bq,
Zvi mgvnvi wgjB KviY Zwi nq| Gi mv_ KviYi eZ ev e KviY K_vUvi KvbI mK bB|
26| Gcvws BDwbfvm aviYvi welq KgiW Nvl Avcw Zzj ejb, GUv gvbj wekiI i AvQ ejZ nq, hUv fzj|
GKwU wekl ei i I kl AvQ, eRMZi i I kl ej wKQz bB| Gcvws BDwbfvm ejj ^vfvweKfve hUv
Pj Avme, Zv nQ, wek GLb hv AvQ, AvM Zvi Pq QvU wQj, Zvi AvM AviI QvU wQj, Gfve hZ hZ MvUv weki
Mvovi ckwU Gm hZ eva, h aviYv AevwbK Ges mB A_ g~jK eev`i wmvi weivax| (vbZ)
27| BbwdwbwUi aviYv AvcwK, KviY Zv mZZ weKvkkxj| BbwdwbwU K_vwUi A_ kl bvB| Zvi gvb eRMr Aq,
evcviUv GiKg bq| hUv Avgvi AvR ARvbv mUv Avevi Rvwb, ZLbI Avevi mvgb ARvbv RMr _K hvq| Aq ej ZLb
hv _vK mUvI Avevi Rvbvi ga w`q q nq hvq|
28| kvkZ mZ wbq wevw cm KgiW wke`vm Nvl `wLqQb : kvkZ ej wKQz bB, Gi g~j KviY e nj g~jK
e; A_vr hZ z` eB nvK bv Kb, Zvi gaI `yUv weivax kw iqQ Ges cwZwbqZ Zv`i ga PjQ| GUv Zvi
A| Avevi mg wekl eB AmsL ei viv cwiewZ nq Aevb Ki ZvB Gi ewnRMZi mv_I Zvi cwZgyn~ZB
nQ GUv Zvi ewn| GB `yB B ei MwZi KviY| Avi `yB i RbB e wbqZ MwZkxj| MwZ ei Aevbi
aib (modeofexistence)| ZvB e cwZwbqZ cwiewZZ nQ ay Zvi iciB bq, YiI cwieZb NUQ| ei GB
MwZi Kvbv kl bB| ZvB ei Kvbv AevbB vqx bq, wPib ev kvkZ bq| ZvB mZ ej AvR hv RvbwQ, Zvi cwieZb
I weKvk NU| h gvbyl RvbQ mI cwieZbkxj| Abw`K hv w`q RvbwQ mB hiI DbwZ NUQ, cwieZb nQ| wZwb
ejQb Avmj kvkZ bv ej Avgv`i ejv DwPZ, e nQ BDwbfvmvj| vb-wevbi AMMwZi mv_ mv_ cwieZbi
wbqvgK h wZbwU g~j bxwZ Zvi DcjwiI cwieZb nQ mUv AviI cwivi, cvj, Mfxi Ges cwbUwUs (Zx) nQ|
mB A_ wZbwU g~j bxwZ KvbI kvkZ ic wbq `vuwoq bB| (vbZ) g~jK eev`x weklY cwZ Abyhvqx wevbi
wekl mZ aviYvjvK mvaviYxKiYi gvidZ h mvaviY mZ aviYvjv Mo DV ZvI h GK GKwU wekl Aevq
(Given Condition) mvaviY mZwji Dcjwi GK GKwU wekl cwigj gv e gvKmev`x Ges KwgDwbiv AvRI Zv
mgK Dcjw KiZ cviQb bv| dj Zv`i AbKB g~jK eev`i GB mvaviY mZjvK Ges g~jK eev`i
KbmckbjvK kvkZ mZ ej gb Kib| g~jK eev`i mvaviY mZ aviYv hgb w_s Bb `gmjfm& gvUvi BR
G wdjvRwdK KvUvMix GKwRmUbm Ae AeRKwUf wiqwjwU BbwWcbWU Ae wnDgvb Kbmvmbm KbUvwWKkb
DB_Bb KbUvwWKkb cfwZ A_ev wevbi h Kvb mvaviY mZ aviYv hgb BbwdwbwU KbRvifkb Ae gvm G GbvwR
wWUviwgwbRg j Ae KRvwjwU cfwZ mvaviY mZ aviYv wjK Giv kvkZ mZ ej gb Kib| wevbi cwifvlvi Dci
mvwfqZ BDwbqb _K mwZ h AwfavbwU cKvwkZ nqQ ZvZI wVK Abyic wevwB `Lv hvQ| ZvZ mZK
GemwjDU Ges wijwUf `yfveB ^xKwZ `Iqv nqQ| A_P GB me mvaviY mZi DcjwI h GK RvqMvq `vwoq _vKZ
cvi bv, nq wbqZ DbZ I weKwkZ nQ Avi bv nq Aevi cwieZbi mv_ Zvj iL DbZ ev weKwkZ KiZ bv cvivi dj
BbGwWKvqU ev Achv A_vr Abychy nq coQ| mg mvaviY mZi Dcjw GRbB GKUv we`gvb wekl cwiwwZZ
mvaviY mZi Dcjwi GKUv wekl KvUvMwi gv| ZvB mvaviY mZ m^ KvbI GKwU wekl aviYv ev Dcjwi
KvUvMwiB kvkZ ev meKvji Rb bq| [fviZeli mvswZK Av`vjb I Avgv`i KZe]
29| AvUvMwbRg G KUvwWKkb Avi bU AvU Aj Iqvb Av ` mg| Avvi mvkvwjRg ` dv DBj wWmAvwcqvi,
` mK DBj wigBb jwbbi GB DwZ DjL Ki Ab KbUvwWKkb eBZ gvI mZzO ejQb, AvUvMwbRg BR
Iqvb dg, evU bU w` Ibwj dg Ae ` vMj Ae AcvwRU&m; ` dg~jv Ae AvUvMwbRg Kvb bU we AviweUvwiwj AvcvqW
Gfwinvqvi| wke`vm Nvl `wLqQb kYxnxb mgvR cbi ga w`q Drcv`b I eUbK K` Ki h wekl
weivavZK Zvi Aemvb NU, dj Gfve ejvi ga fzj bB| wK jwbb ev gvI-Gi GB eeK meRbxb Kij
gvivZK fzj Kiv ne| kYxmsMvg _vKe bv, G K_v wVK, wK Drcv`b kw I Drcv`b mKi ga _vKe| Drcv`b
13 | P a g e

kw I Drcv`b mKi ga memgq weivavZK| weivavZK Qvov Avg~j cwieZb nq bv| cKwZi AfiI
weivavZK _vKe, Avevi gvbyl I cKwZi i gaI weivavZK _vKe| myZivs mvaviY A_ G K_v ejv fzj ne
h, AvUvMwbRg BR Uvivwi, KUvwWKkb BR cvgvbU| (vbZ)
30| KgiW Nvl `wLqQb gvKmev`x `kbK nvwZqvi Ki kwgKkwY G hyM cyuwRev` _K mfZvK gy Kie, mB
A_ gvKmev` AvRKi hyM kwgKkwYi `kb, G K_v ejv Pj| GRb gvKmev`K ejv nZ kwgKkwYi wek`wfw| Gi
_K GB wevw mw nZ cvi h, kwgKkwY hLvb _vKe bv, ZLb gvKmev` ev g~jK eev`I _vKe bv| KgiW
wke`vm Nvl `Lvjb, gvKmev` nQ wevbwfwK `kb, mZvbymvbi `kb| mvgev`x mgvR hLb kwgKkwY _vKe bv,
ZLbI mZvbymvbi GB wevbmZ `kb _vKe| mRbB GK ejv DwPZ wevbmZ wek`wfw|
31| fveev` I eev`i BwZnvm AvjvPbv KiZ wMq wZwb `wLqQb fveev`x wPv BwZnvm ewkifvM mgq
kvlKkYxi nvwZqvii fwgKv cvjb KiQ GK_v wVK| wK ZvB ej agxq wPv ev fveev`x wPvaviv mgvRi AMMwZi
Kvb mgq Kvb fwgKv cvjb Kiwb, GK_v Avwg Kvbw`b gb wbZ cvwiwb| Lxag `vmcfz`i Abvq I AZvPvii
wei `vm`i msMvg Mo ZzjZ mvnvh KiQ Ges mB A_B GKmgq mgvRcMwZZ mvnvh KiQ| gymjgvb
agvej^x`i I G aiYi bwRi cvIqv hvq| ... mgvRweKvki GKUv i Gm agB gvbyli ga bxwZ-bwZKZvi aviYv,
g~jeva, mevi gbvew, AciK nq bv Kiv, bvq-Abvqevai wPv Mo ZzjZ mvnvh KiQ| GiB dj mgvR
kLjveva Mo DVQ Ges Zv mgvRK msnZ I msNe KiZ mvnvh KiQ Ges mBw`K _KI ag mgvRcMwZZ mvnvh
KiQ| (gvev` I g~jK eev`i KqKwU w`K cm)
32| ei cwieZbi wZbwU g~jbxwZ AvjvPbvq gvKm-Gjm dg KvqvwUUwUf P Uz KvqvwjUwUf P Av
fvBwm fvimv ejQb| wK cieZxKvj Ab`i AvjvPbvq fvBwm fvimv K_vUv DPvwiZ nqwb ev iZ cvqwb| wke`vm
Nvl `wLqQb cwigvYMZ cwieZb _K YMZ cwieZb-Gi mv_ fvBwm-fvmv bv ejj aviYvUv m~Y nq bv| wZwb GK
AZ Riwi ej evLv KiQb|
33| dgvj I WvqvjKwUKvj jwRKi cv_K AvjvPbv KiZ wMq wke`vm Nvl `wLqQb hywkvi Aeivn I Avivn
cwqvi ga Avivn nQ cvqi, Zvi weKvki avivq GmQ Aeivn| A_vr, mfZvi iZ gvbyli wPvcwqvZ jwRKi
h wePvicwZ KvR KiQ mUv cavbZ Avivn| GB wmvK hywmZfve cwZcb Kivi viv wZwb fveev`K Lb
KiQb|
34| mvi AwZev`i Pwi evLv KiZ wMq KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvb, eyRvqv gvbeZvev`i cyibv g~jevawj AvR
Avi KvR KiZ cviQ bv ej, gvbeeZvev`x fveRMZ `yUv m~Y wecixZ aibi cwZwqv NUZ `Lv hvq| wesk kZvxi
GB Pov kwYmsMvgi ga co eyRvqv gvbeZvev`x gbbkxjZv h `yUv Pov wecixZ giZ Aevbi cwiYwZ NUQ,
ZviB GKwUi _K dvwmev` I AciwUi _K mvi GKwRmUbwkqvwjRg-Gi Rb, hw`I GK_v bZ Avcbv`i AevK
jvMZ cvi| ... gvbeZvev`x gvbwmKZvB AvR wecefxwZi `ib menviv wecei wei cwZwecex RvZxq Afzvb msMwVZ
Kivi DkB wevbi KvwiMwi w`K Ges AvavZev`i GK AZ mswgkY NwUq dvwmev`i Av`kMZ I mswZMZ wfZ
iPbv KiQ| ... wVK Gi m~Y wecixZ giZ iqQ Ruv cj mvi GKwRmUbwkqvwjRg ev AwZev`| wLagxq g~jeva
ev Abvb agxq g~jevawji gZvB cuywRev`x wecei c_g hyM eyRvqv gvbeZvev`x g~jevawj AvR m~Y AKRv nq
covi `ib eyRvqv gvbeZvev`i GB avivwU KvbI AevZB ag I HwZnev`i mv_ Avcm KiZ ivwR bq, cyibv
gvbwmKZvi Ri Ub GB avivwU AvRI mg iKgi cvqwi fvjyi aviYvi weivax| A_P GB avivwU eyRvqv gvbeZvev`x
wPvavivi cfve _K wbRK m~Yic gy KiZ bv cvivi dj mgvR kwYwji DcwwZ, weKvkjvf I Aejywi wbqg
Ges fveRMZ I Av`kev`i gweKvki wbqgK Abyaveb KiZ mg nj bv| ZvB Gi c gvbeZvev`x wPvaviv _K
mvgev`x wPvavivq DbxZ nIqvI me nj bv| GB aviviB cwiYwZZ mvi AwZev`i Rb| (fviZeli mvswZK
Av`vjb I Avgv`i KZe; vbZ)
mvui AwZev` cvvZ gvKmev`i wei AvgYi LyeB wecbK nvwZqvi wnme KvR KiwQj| ivmj, mvu cgyLi
ga BwwfRyqvj wdWgK AvemwjDU gb Kivi wPv KvR KiwQj| ^vaxbZvi GB AvemwjDU aviYv Kb G`i ga `Lv
w`j, Zv evLv Ki KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvb Kx cwqvq gvbyli gwi mv_ cwieki i ga w`q wPvi Rb nq
Ges gUwiqvj Kwkbi cwieZbi mv_ wPvi Dcv`vb I wPvI h cwiewZZ nq, Zv h AvemwjDU _vK bv, gvKmev`i
GB wevbmZ evLv eySZ e_Zvi RbB Iu`i ga GB wevw NUQ| Guiv wPv m~Y e ewnf~Z, GUvI fveb bv,
Avevi m~Y ewfwK GUvI gvbZ cvib bv| Avmj Giv cvBfU ccvwU gUvj Kgc _K wbR`i gy KiZ bv
cvivi dj eyRvqv ivBU Uz ccvwUK hgb AvemwjDU gb Kib, Zgwb ewi wPv I ^vaxbZvKI AvemwjDU gb Kib|
GB `yB cwZfvevb `vkwbKi f~wgKv AvRvwZK h_ wecwi mw KiwQj, hvi Di w`qQb KgiW wke`vm Nvl|
14 | P a g e

35| cvwU cKvwkZ mvgvRev`x wekvqb cywKvi (cv 29) ejv nqQ : dvwmev` nj wevbi KvwiMwi w`K I AvavZev`x
ZgmvQb wPvi wewP mswgkY, dvwmev` nj menviv weceK cwZnZ Kivi Rb eyRvqvkYxi ^v_ mvgwMK cwZwecex
Afzvb gvev`x wePvicwZ, jwbb-vwjb-gvImZzOi wkvi avivevwnKZvq G mZ Zzj aiQb KgiW wke`vm Nvl|
wZwb AviI `Lvb wZxq wekhy dvwmev`i mvgwiK kwi civRq NUjI dvwmev`i mvgwMK civRq NUwb eis hyvi
`ywbqvq wek cyuwRev`i AvcwK vwqZ web nIqv Ges `k `k menviv wecei weRq cvq wbwZ nIqvi cUf~wgZ
AMmi-AbMmi mg cyuwRev`x `kB dvwmev` AvR mvaviY ewk wnme `Lv w`qQ| wZwb AviI `Lvb Kej mvgwiK
^iZB bq, evBi msm`xq MYZi VuvUevU eRvq iL, w-`jxq GgbwK e`jxq msm`xq eevi Avovj dvwmev` eyRvqv
`ywbqvi mg `ki vqx ewk cwiYZ nqQ| wZwb `Lvb, dvwmev`i A_bwZK ewk A_bxwZi P~ov K`xKiY|
ivRbwZK ewk ckvmbi nvZ ^ivPvix gZvi K`xfeb| dvwmev`i mswZMZ I Av`kMZ wfw AavZev`i
mv_ wevbi KvwiMix w`Ki GK AzZ mswgkY|
36| hydU ivRbxwZi ZK eve cqvMi ga w`q mg Kivi wekl Ae`vb iLQb KgiW gvI m ZzO| KgiW
wke`vm Nvl hydU ivRbxwZ I hydU miKvi cwiPvjbvi ck cwUeyRvqv mvkvj WgvwUK cvwUjvi mv_ GKwU
cKZ gvKmev`x `ji Dk I `wfwi gwjK cv_K wPwZ Ki AvjvPbv KiQb hv GKwU g~jevb wkv| Zvui fvlvq
h_v_ gvKmev`x-jwbbev`x `j RbmvaviYi wecex msMvgK GwMq bqvi ^v_ MYZvwK Av`vjbi GKUv wekl i
hydUK Acwinvh nvwZqvi gb Ki| Abw`K cwUeyRvqv mvkvj WgvwUK `jjvi KvQ hydU nQ GKUv
wcwfjR, wbR`i msKxY cvjvgUvwi ^v_ I DPvKvv PwiZv_ Kivi GKUv Dcvq gv| ... RbmvaviYi h Ask AvRI
bvbv cwUeyRvqv mvmvj WgvwUK `j mK gvnM Ges Zv`i cfve AvQb nq AvQ, msMvgi nvwZqvi wnme
hydU Zv`i mKjK HKe MYAv`vjbi ga mvwgj I msMwVZ Kivi dj GKw`K hgb Av`vjbi kwew NU
Ges Zvi viv Av`vjb kwkvjx nq, mv_ mv_ h wecyj msLK RbmvaviY HKe Av`vjbi ga Gm Rov nq Zviv
wecex ivRbxwZ I Av`k mK AviI ewk Ki cwiwPZ nIqvi I Zvi viv Dy nIqvi myhvM cvq| ... GKw`K memZ
b~bZg Kgm~wP I AvPiYwewai wfwZ mvaviY I g~j ki wei HKe msMvg, Abw`K GB HKi gaB Av`kMZ ck
wewfb `ji ga h gZcv_K iqQ hv Av`vjbi Kgm~wP MnY I ZvK eve cqvM Kivi gaI cwZw`b cwZdwjZ
nQ, ZvK K` Ki cwZwbqZ cii Avcmnxb Av`kMZ msMvg cwiPvjbv Ges GB cwqvq hydUi HKK gvMZ
my`p Ki Pjv GKB HK-msMvg-HKi bxwZ ejv nq| GUvB hydU ivRbxwZi g~j wecex bxwZ| cyuwRev`x iv evgcx
miKvi cwiPvjbvi `wfw Zzj ai wZwb ejwQjb hydU miKvii KvR ne RbMYi mg bvqmZ I MYZvwK
Av`vjb Drmvn `Iqv| GB j I Dk _K hydU miKvi GKw`K `Le hvZ RbMYi bvqmZ I MYZvwK
Av`vjb cywjk nc bv Ki| ...GB msMvgi cUfwgZB Avgv`i mvnmi mv_ Rb^v_i mv_ mwZc~Y bZzb bZzb
AvBb cYqb I cyibv AvBbwjK mskvab Kivi Pv KiZ ne| GB `wfw wbq hydU miKvi hw` mvnm, cZq I
`pZvi mv_ Rb^v_ mvsweavwbK KvVvgvi gaB me msviMywj KiZ cvi, `ybx wZ `~i KiZ cvi, AvgjvZK KUvj
KiZ cvi Ges bvqmZ MYZvwK Av`vjbjv Mo IVvi c AbyKj cwiek mw KiZ cvi ZeB Rb^v_
mwZKvii KvR Kiv ne| (hydU ivRbxwZ I cvwUi mvsMVwbK KvRKgi KqKwU w`K) GKwU cyuwRev`x iv KvbI GKwU
AivR KwgDwbiv wbevPb MwiZv ARb Kij Zviv miKvi hve wK bv, Mj Kvb `wfwZ miKvi cwiPvjbv Kie,
KgiW wke`vm Nvl G mK mwVK gvKmev`x `wfw Zzj aib|
37| MYAv`vjb msMvg KwgwU MVb : RbMYi msMvgi nvwZqvi wnme ivwkqvq h mvwfqZjv Mo DVwQj, mLvb
_K wkv wbq wke`vm Nvl Gi iZ evLv Ki ejb : .. h gvbyljv Av`vjb AvmZ PvBQ wewfb MYKwgwUZ
Zv`i hy Ki Gme MYKwgwUwjK bZZKvix KwgwUZ icvwiZ Kiv Ges Zv`i gvagB Av`vjb Pvjvevi Pv Kiv,
Abw`K Av`vjb PvjvZ PvjvZB wewfb `ji ga cii ivRbwZK gZv`kMZ msMvg Pvjvbv| GB gZv`kMZ msNl
Qvov RbMYi ivRbwZK PZbv cwivi nZ cvi bv| ... wecex `j Pvq, GB h GwRUkbvj gyfgU, Gi ga w`q hb
AZ RbMYi LvwbKUv ivRbwZK PZbv, LvwbKUv RbMYi wecex bZZ Mo IV Ges RbMYi gZv Mo Zvjvi nvwZqvi
MYKwgwUjv ivRbwZK PZbv wbq Mo DVZ cvi| GB MYKwgwUjv vqx KwgwU ne bv| Gwj cwZwU Av`vjb
LvwbKUv PZbv wbq Mo DVe, Avevi Av`vjbi ci f hve| GBiKg cZKUv Av`vjb hw` GB MYKwgwUjv
LwbKUv ivRbwZK PZbv wbq Mo DVZ _vK Zvnj RbMY wbRivB Av`vjb cwiPvjbv KiZ wkLe Ges Av`vjb
bZZ Mo ZzjZ wkLe|(hydU ivRbxwZ I cvwUi mvsMVwbK KvRKgi KqKwU w`K)
38| mv`vwqK mgmv cm kxlK AvjvPbvq KgiW Nvl fviZxq Dcgnv`ki HwZnvwmK cvcUi AvjvK
mv`vwqK mgmvK wePvi Kivi wevbmZ `wfw, GB mgmvi KviYmg~n I Zv wbimb Kivi mvweK cwZ mK
AvjvPbv KiQb| GZ wZwb `wLqQb fviZel RvwZ MVbi aviv i nq Dbwesk kZKi wZxqva hLb cyuwRev` wek
mvgvwRK kw wnme Zvi wecex Pwi nvwiqQ| Abw`K cwgx abZi gZ ^vaxbfve weKvk jvf Kivi cwieZ fviZxq
15 | P a g e

abZ Mo DVwQj we`kx jMxcyuwRi KZZv axb Ges mvgZvwK mKi viv cwiewZ nq| mvgvRev` I mvgZi
wei msvicx weiev`x ev AvcmgyLx fwgKvi KviY fviZxq eyRvqv`i bZZ cwiPvwjZ RvZxq ^vaxbZv msMvg
mgvRi MYZxKiYi c AekcqvRbxq mvgvwRK I mvswZK wecei KvRwj m~Y Kiv Ges wewfb fvlvfvlx DcRvwZ
I wewfb agvej^x m`vqi GKxKiYi KvR m~Y Kiv me nqwb| Dci fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x bZZ agK RvZxqZvev`x
fvev`k cPvii gvag wnme MnY KiwQjb, GB wn`yZ cybixebev`x fviZxq RvZxqZvev`i KviY gymwjg m`vq
RvZxq gyw Av`vjbi g~j avivi mv_ GKvZ nZ cviwb| GK KvR jvwMq ewUk mvgvRev`xiv wWfvBW G ij bxwZ
KvhKi KiwQj| ^vaxbZv cieZxKvjI kvmKkYx agwbicZvi bxwZK eve mg agi weKvk mgvb Drmvn `vbi
bxwZZ chewmZ KiQ hv eve agxq wefvRbK evovQ| GB AvjvPbvq wZwb AviI ejb cvvZ MYZvwK
`kjvZ hLvb ZrKvjxb cMwZkxj eyRvqvkYxi bZZ mvgZ, mvgZvwK wef`g~jK AvPvi-ixwZbxwZ Ges iv I
mvgvwRK AvPvi-ixwZbxwZi Dci PvPi cfve cfwZi wei mvgvwRK I mvswZK Av`vjb cwiPvjbvi gvag eyRvqv A_
mgvRi MYZxKiY NUQ, mLvbI agxq Dbv`bv-eYwel evoQ| Gi KviY eyRvqvkYx AvR Avi mgvR MYZxKiYi
KvR m~Y KiZ cvi bv| me cyuwRev`x `kB hLvb GKvwaK RvwZ we`gvb mLvb AwaKZi cfvekvjx RvwZ Ab
RvwZjvK `gb Ki| cyuwRev`i msKU hZ Zxe nQ cyuwRev` ZZ dvwmev`x ic aviY KiQ Ges RbZvK wef Ki ivLv
I MYAv`vjbK wec_ cwiPvwjZ Kivi Rb ag I eYMZ gbvfveK D w`Q| mvgvwRK I mvswZK wecei Kgm~wPK
hy Ki cwiPvwjZ MYZvwK Av`vjb I kYxmsMvg kwkvjx Kiv I ZvZ mKj m`vqi wgwjZ AskMnYi ga w`q
eZgvb Aevq mv`vwqKZvi cfveK msKzwPZ Kiv hZ cvi|
39| wkv-mswZ mgmv mK GKwU evwbK `wfw kxlK AvjvPbvq KgiW wke`vm Nvl `Lvb GKwU kYxwef
mgvR gZvq AwawZ h kYx mgvRi fveMZ I eMZ Drcv`b DfqKB wbqY Ki, mB kYxi ^v_B A_bwZK wfZ&Gi DcwiKvVvgv wnme wkveev cwiPvwjZ nq| eZgvb Aeqx cyuwRev`x eevq wkveevi ga AavZev` I KvwiMwi
wevbi mswgkY cvVg Ggbfve wbavwiZ nQ hvZ Qv`i ga evwbK I mykLj hywaviv Mo DVZ bv cvi|
Qv`i ga DbZ bvqbxwZ eva Ges mvgvwRK KZeevai Kvb aviYvB eZgvb wkveev Mo Zvj bv| mveRbxb,
agwbic I MYZvwK wkv hv eyRvqv MYZvwK wecei Amgv Kgm~wP ZvK evevqb KiZ eZgvb hyM eyRvqvkYx
m~Y Ag| GKgv mgvRZvwK mgvReevq, hLvb gvbyli viv gvbyli Ici kvlY _vKe bv, mLvbB Gjv
evevwqZ nZ cvi| Ze Zvi AvM wkv msvii Av`vjb I kvmKkYxi wkv msKvPbi wei jovB cwiPvjbvi
`wfw wK ne m welq wZwb c_wb`k Kib|
40| wke`vm Nvl-Gi weklY _K Avgiv wkLwQ RvZxq evRvi I RvZxq iv Mo Zvjvi hyM wekRvov h cyuwRev`
GKw`b RvZxq mvefgZi Rb jovB KiZ, AvR mvgvRev`i hyM Gm cyuwRev`i mB ewkUv Avi bB| AvRKi
cywRev`i KvQ ivi `LjUvB eo K_v, mvefgZi acw` aviYv Zvi KvQ AbKLvwb g~jnxb| `ki AfixY evRviKI
m g~jZ wek cyuwRevw` evRvii Ask wnmve `L RvZxq evRvi wnmve ZZUv bq| dj Zvi mv_ RvZxq evRvi fvM ev
iv Kivi Pq eo K_v njv ^`ki evRvi h ev hvivB fvM-`Lj KiK, m wbR wek cyuwRevw` evRvii Kvb bv Kvb
_K eemvevwYR-jb`b BZvw` gvidZ mva Abyhvqx chv gybvdv jyUZ cviQ wKbv| eUb AvgwiKvi gZ eo eo
`kB AvR mvefgZi Zvqvv KiQ bv| (evsjv`ki Drcv`b cwZ I iv eev| GKwU gZevw`K weZK, cv-11)
41| `ji cKvwkZ ivRbwZK A_kv cywKvq (cv 84) A_bxwZi mvgwiKxKiY cm wke`vm Nvli evLv Zzj aiv
nqQ| jwbb `wLqwQjb, evRvi `Lji Rb ev cybeUbi Rb mvgvRev`x `kjv hyi c_ cv evovq| Avi hyi
cqvRb A_bxwZZ emvgwiK Drcv`b Kwgq mvgwiK Drcv`b ew Ki| GBfve i nq A_bxwZi mvgwiKxKiY| wke`vm
Nvl `Lvjb, GLb GKUv bZzb ewk hy nqQ| hyi Rb A_bxwZ _K cyuwRev`x `kjv Avi GKUv ivv wbqQ
A_bxwZi Rb hy| evRvi `Lji mvebv Kg hvIqvq GLb Kwg evRvi Zwii Rb A_bxwZi mvgwiKxKiY NUvq|
RbMYi i wbsovbv Uvi UvKvq mwZ miKvwi A_ w`q eyRvq ivwj eo eo GKPwUqv gvwjK`i Kj-KviLvbv Pvjy
ivLv I Zv`i gybvdvi ^v_ hyv I hym^xq DcKiYi AWvi `q I Kb| Gi dj Drcv`b GKUv Kwg ZRxfve
Avm| gybvdvI nq cPzi| [wZxq wekhyvi AvRvwZK cwiwwZ I bf^i wecei wkv]
42| eo gvKmev`x wPvbvqK`iI Kb mvwnwZK`i KvQ hZ nq, mvwnZ cvV KiZ nq m welq Zvui wPv I evLvK
g~jevb wkv wnme MnY KiZ ne| wZwb ejQb, eo wPvi Rb `vkwbK`i mvwnwZK`i KvQ hZ nq bv| DbZ
mvwnZi ga w`q mgvRmZi imic h mse`bkxj, mRbkxj I kwK cKvk NU Zv Av^v`b Kivi RbB hZ nq|
GBfve wewfb ck KgiW wke`vm Nvl gvKmev`K h mmvwiZ I weKwkZ KiQb, vbfvvi Ae`vb iLQb Zvi
djB wZwb gnvb gvKm-Gjm-jwbb-vwjb-gvI m ZzOi myhvM DimvaK wnme wekmvgev`x Av`vjb GKRb
A_wiwU wnme BgvR KiQb|
16 | P a g e