21

21

7 1
2 3
4 5

6 7

3248

01-2003-8586 1

(CIP)
/. 2006.9
(21 )
ISBN 7-5038-4406-X
.

. TP273

CIP (2006) 090840

ISBN 7-5038-4406-X

( 205
http://www.pup.cn

http://www.pup6.com

62752015

100871)

E-mail: pup_6@163.com

62750672

62750667

( 7
http://www.cfph.com.cn

E-mail:cfphz@public.bta.net.cn

66180373

66187711

787 1092

16

2006 9 1

2006 9 1

25.00

16.5

373

62754962
100009 )

21

()

()

21

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

10

39

11

40

12

41

13

42

14

43

15

44

16

45

17

46

18

47

19

48

20

49

21

50

22

51

23

52

24

53

25

54

26

55

27

56

28

57

29

58

35%40%

21

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

30

II

2006 1

21
(DCS)DCS 1975

7 1
2 3
4
5
6
7

1 2
3 4 7 5 6

2006 6

....................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1

.................................................................................................................... 1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.1.1

..................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2

................................................................................................. 4

1.1.3

............................................................................................................. 6

1.1.4

......................................................................................... 9

1.1.5

............................................................................................................. 9

.......................................................................................................... 13
1.2.1

................................................................................................... 13

1.2.2

....................................................................................................... 14

.............................................................................................................................. 20
1.3.1

(DCS) ........................................................................................................ 20

1.3.2

DCS .......................................................................................................... 22

1.3.3

....................................................................................................... 24

DCS ................................................................................................. 29
1.4.1

PLC ................................................................................. 29

1.4.2

....................................................................................................... 31

1.4.3

PC Based /......................................................................................................... 32

DCS .......................................................................................................................... 33
1.5.1 Horeywell TDC-3000 ......................................................................................... 33
1.5.2

ABB Industrialal IT ............................................................................................ 34

1.5.3

HOLLiAS ................................................................................................ 35

....................................................................................................................................................... 36
............................................................................................................................................... 36

DCS ............................................................................................................................... 37

2.1

DCS .......................................................................................................................... 37
2.1.1 ............................................................................................. 37

2.2

2.1.2

DCS ...................................................................................................... 38

2.1.3

DCS .............................................................................................................. 40

DCS .............................................................................................................. 41
2.2.1

............................................................................................................................... 42

2.2.2

............................................................................................................................... 42

2.2.3

............................................................................................................................... 43

2.2.4

....................................................................................................................... 43

VI
2.3

2.4

2.5

DCS .............................................................................................................................. 43
2.3.1

DCS ...................................................................................................................... 44

2.3.2

DCS ...................................................................................................................... 49

2.3.3

DCS ...................................................................................................................... 53

DCS .............................................................................................................. 55
2.4.1

............................................................................................................................... 55

2.4.2

....................................................................................................... 56

DCS ...................................................................................................................... 56
2.5.1

TDC-3000 ................................................................................ 56

2.5.2

Centum-XL .................................................................................................. 58

2.5.3 I/A Series ..................................................................................................... 59

2.5.4

INFI-90 ........................................................................................................ 61

2.5.5

MACS .................................................................................................................. 63

....................................................................................................................................................... 64
............................................................................................................................................... 64

DCS ................................................................................................................................... 65

3.1

DCS .............................................................................................................................. 65

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.1.1

................................................................................................................................... 65

3.1.2

....................................................................................................................... 66

DCS .................................................................................................................................. 68
3.2.1

........................................................................................................... 68

3.2.2

....................................................................... 68

.............................................................................................................................. 70
3.3.1

................................................................................................................... 70

3.3.2

........................................................................................... 71

3.3.3

........................................................................................... 74

DCS .................................................................................................................. 75
3.4.1

........................................................................................................................... 75

3.4.2

........................................................................................................................... 76

3.4.3

....................................................................................................................... 85

DCS /............................................................................................................. 87
3.5.1

................................................................................................................................... 87

3.5.2

/ ......................................................................................................................... 90

3.5.3

........................................................................................................................... 93

....................................................................................................................................................... 94
............................................................................................................................................... 94

DCS ............................................................................................................................... 96

4.1

DCS .............................................................................................................................. 96

VI


4.2

VII

DCS .............................................................................................................................. 98
4.2.1

................................................................................................................... 98

4.2.2 ............................................................................................................. 99
4.2.3
4.3

4.4

4.5

..................................................................................................... 107

DCS ........................................................................................................................ 118

4.3.1

[1] ..................................................................................................... 119

4.3.2

............................................................................................................................. 130

4.3.3

................................................................................................................. 132

DCS ................................................................................................................................ 136

4.4.1

............................................................................................................. 137

4.4.2

................................................................................................................. 138

4.4.3

..................................................................................................................... 138

4.4.4

......................................................................................................................... 139

DCS ................................................................................................................................ 139

4.5.1

PID ........................................................................................ 139

4.5.2

................................................................................................................. 143

..................................................................................................................................................... 149
............................................................................................................................................. 150

DCS ................................................................................................................... 151

5.1

................................................................................................................ 151

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.1.1

............................................................................................................. 151

5.1.2

..................................................................................................................... 152

.................................................................................................................................... 154
5.2.1

............................................................................................................. 154

5.2.2

............................................................................................................. 156

5.2.3

............................................................................................................. 157

5.2.4

............................................................................................................. 158

DCS ........................................................................................................ 161

5.3.1

............................................................................................................. 161

5.3.2

................................................................................................................................. 162

5.3.3

................................................................................................................................. 166

.................................................................................................................................... 171
5.4.1

............................................................................................................. 171

5.4.2

............................................................................................................. 171

5.4.3

................................................................................................................. 172

..................................................................................................................................................... 178
............................................................................................................................................. 178

VII

VIII

6
6.1

6.2

6.3

DCS ............................................................................................................................. 179

DCS .................................................................................................................................... 179
6.1.1

R(t) ............................................................................................................................. 179

6.1.2

(t)............................................................................................................................... 180

6.1.3

(MTBF) ................................................................................................... 182

6.1.4

(MTTR)................................................................................................... 182

6.1.5

m............................................................................................................................. 182

6.1.6

A ................................................................................................................................. 182

.................................................................................................................... 183
6.2.1

................................................................................................. 183

6.2.2

................................................................................................. 184

6.2.3

..................................................................................................................... 184

DCS .................................................................................................................................... 189

6.3.1

................................................................................................................. 189

6.3.2

............................................................................................................. 196

6.3.3

............................................................................................................. 201

6.3.4

................................................................. 205

6.3.5

..................................................................................................................... 213

..................................................................................................................................................... 215
............................................................................................................................................. 215

DCS ............................................................................................ 216

7.1

DCS ................................................................................................................................ 216

7.2

7.1.1

................................................................................................................................. 216

7.1.2

................................................................................................................................. 216

7.1.3

................................................................................................................................. 218

DCS ................................................................................................................ 224

7.2.1

............................................................................................................................. 224

7.2.2

............................................................................................................................. 230

7.2.3

..................................................................................................................... 232

7.3

MACS ................................................................................................ 235

7.4

PCS7 ................................................................................................. 239

7.5

PlantScape MTBE ......................................................................................... 242

..................................................................................................................................................... 245
............................................................................................................................................. 246

DCS ................................................................................................................... 247

DCS .......................................................................................................... 249

............................................................................................................................................................ 250
VIII

(Distributed Control System, DCS)

1.1

1.1.1

1.1
()
()

1.2

1.1

1.3 1.2
/

/(A/D)/
(D/A) 1.3 A/D D/A
/

1.2

1.3

1.
/
1.4

1.4

1)
(CPU)(RAMROM)

CPU

2)

(CRT )

()/

()
/
3) /
/
/
()
( A/D )( DI )
()(
)(BCD )
( D/A )( DO )
D/A DO

4)
CRT ( LED
)

5)
()

6)

2.

1.1.2

1.5 y(t)
y*(t)
y(kt) u(kt) u(t)
(S/H)/
(A/D)/(D/A)
1.
1.6
0T2TkT
T
y(t)
4

y*(t)  T
y*(t) y(t)

1.5

1.6

y(t) y*(t) y*(t)

y(c)(Shannon)
y*(t) y(t) f f (
) 2 f 2f max y*(t) y(t)
f (510)f max
2.

A/D A/D n YminYmax

0 2n 1 (LSB) q

Y Y
q = max n min
(1-1)
2 1
g
(mm )(1/2)q
5

A/D n (LSB) q

A/D n

3.

A/D D/A

1.7
kT y(kt)(k+1)T
y[(k+1)T]

1.7

y(kt) y(t) 1.8

T () yh (t ) y(t)

H (s) =

1 e Ts

(1-2)

T S (Laplace)

1.8

1.1.3

1. (DAS)
(Data Acquisition SystemDAS)
1.9 A/D DI

1.9

2. (OGC)
(Operation Guide ControlOGC)
1.10

1.10

3. (DDC)
(Direct Digital ControlDDC)

1.11 DDC

1.11

DDC
DDC

4. (SCC)
(Supervisory Computer ControlSCC) OGC
DDC 1.12 SCC
SCC+ ( SPC )
SCC+DDC SCC

DDC

1.12

5. (DCS)

(Distributed Control SystemDCS)DCS

DCS
1.1.4

1965 1946
1958 Louisina 1959
Texaco 1960 Monsanto
1962 Monsanto

1965 1969

1970
1972
(DCS)
1975 DCS Honeywell
TDC-2000 (Yokogawa) CENTUM
20 80
DCS 20
80 12 20 80

(FCS)
(CIMS)(CIPS)

1.1.5

10

1. (PLC)
(Programmable Logical ControllerPLC)

1985 1 IEC()PLC

PLC
(1) PID
DDC DCS

(2)

(3)
PLC

2.
(Programmable ControllerPC)
(Micro Processor UnitMPU) I/O

(Problem Oriented LanguagePOL)

POL

PID

()

14

10

11

3.

(sing chip microcomputer)

CPU I/O
/ A/D

Harvard
MCS-51 Princeton

MCS-98

Intel PL/M
C
4 8 16 32
8

4.

1.13

CPURAM/ROM A/DD/ADIDO I/O

1.13
CPU

11

12

I/O
Watchdog

1.13

STD 3 Z80 8088/86

8088/86 IBM PC100% MS-DOS(Windows)100%
IBM-PC
PC PCPC

5. (DCS)
DCS
1975 DCS
20 DCS
DCS

6. (FCS)

(FCS)FCS
1.14

12

13

1.14

1.2

1.2.1

1.

(Mean Time Between Failure

MTBF)MTBF
MTBF
(Mean Time To RepairMTTR)()
MTBF
MTTR

13

14

2.

3.

4.

CPU
/

5.

1.2.2

14

15

1.
1)

(DDC)
(SCC)(DCS)
2)

(MTBF)

(DCS)

(PLC)

3)

4)

15

16

PID

5)

2.

(1)
(2)
(3) AIAO A/D D/A
(4) DIDO ()/

(5)
(6)
(7)

16

17

CPUI/O

3.

(1)

(2)

(3)
/

(4)

(5)

EPROM

17

18

1)

(1)

CPU CPU

(2)

(3)

24

C C
(/)
C C
C
(4)

/
(5)

()
()

( PID)(
/)/
CRT

IntouchGenie MCGS

18

19

2)
()

3)

(1)

( PID DDC)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(1)
(2)
(2)

4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(1)

(2)
(3)
19

20

4.

1)

2)

EPROM
3)

(/
)

4)

1.3

1.3.1 (DCS)
1958

SPC DDC

DDC CPU

1975 DCS
DDC DDC
DDC DCS

20

21

DCS ISA-S5.3 1983 DCS

That class of instrumentation(input/output devicescontrol devices and operator

interface devices)which in addition to executing the stated control functions also permits
transmission of control,measurementand operating information to and from a single or a
plurality of user specifiable locationsconnected by a communication link.
(/)

DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS

DCS
DCS

DCS [1]
ISA [S5.3]1983 DCS
A system whichwhile being functionally integratedconsists of subsystems which may be
physically separate and remotely located from one another[S5.1]
DCS
Comprised of operator consolesa communicationsystemand remote or local processor
units performing controllogiccalculations and measurement functions
DCS

Two meanings of distributed shall applya)Processors and consoles distributed physically

in different areas of the plant or buildingb)Data processing distributed such as several processors
running in parallel(concurrent)each with a different function(1)
(2)
A system of
dividing plant or process control into several areas of responsibilityeach managed by its own
controller(processor) with the whole interconnected to form a single entity usually by
communication buses of various kinds
()
DCS [1]
21

22

DCS
(1)
(2)
(3) CRT
(4)

(5)
(6)
DDC DCS DCS
DDC
1.3.2 DCS

1.15

1.15

(1) (Process Control UnitPCU) DCS

(2) (Process Interface UnitPIU)

CRT
(3) (Operating StationOS)

DCS
22

23

(4) (Data HiwayDH)

(5) (Manager ComputerMC)

DCS
DCS

DDC DCS

DCS
DCS
DCS

1.
DCS

DCS
DCS (PCS)
(OS)
DCS
DCS

2.
DCS

DCS
DCS

DCS DCS
23

24

DCS

3.
DCS

DCS

4.
DCS 4C()4C
DCS

DCS DCS DCS DCS

DCS DCS
DCS
5.
DCS DCS
I/O
DCS

DCS DCS
DCS
DCS
6.
DCS (MMI) CRT

DCS

1.3.3
1975 DCS DCS 3
DCS
(1) ()()
(2)
24

25

(3) DCS
(4) DCS

(5) DCS

(6)

1. DCS ()
DCS 19751980
DCS Honeywell TDC2000
Yokogawa() Yawpark Foxboro Spectrum
Bailey Network 90 Kent P4000 Siemens TelepermM
TOSDIC
DCS Honeywell TDC2000 DCS
CRT
DCS 1.16

1.16 DCS

(1)

(2) CRT

(3) DCS

CRT
25

26

(4)
DCS
4mA20mA

DCS

DCS

DCS (DDC)

2. DCS()
DCS 1980 1985 Honeywell
TDGC-3000Fisher PROVOXTaylor MOD300 Westinghouse WDPF
DCS 1.17

1.17 DCS

DCS (LAN)
(Gate Way)

DCS

CRT
CRT
26

27

()()

DCS DCS

DCS
DCS

3. DCS()
DCS 1987 Foxboro I/A Series ISO
MAP() I/A Series Honeywell
TDC-3000/UCNYokogawa Centum-XL /1XLBailey INFI-90
Westinghouse
WDPFLeedsNorthrup MAXl000 HIACS
1.18 DCS

1.18 DCS

DCS

DCS DCS

20 90
27

28

DCS DCS

20 90
TCP/IP

DCS
IEC 61131-3 DCS
IEC

61131-3

DCS

DCS

4. DOS
DCS
DCS (IOU)
(4mA20mA DC)
IOU DCS
DCS
DCS
(field bus)
DCS

(Virtual Control StationVCS)

20 90
DCS DCS
(Field

bus Control SystemFCS) 1.19

(FT)(TT)(PT) FL-l21

TL-l22PL-l23(V) PID (PID-124)(FO-125)

PID
(Field Bus InterfaceFBI)(LAN) FBI
FCS DCS
FCS
DCS DCS
28

29

1.19 DCS(FCS)

20 70

()()

1.4

DCS

DCS PLC
SCADA (PC Based)/
DCS

1.4.1 PLC

1.
PLC
PLC
DCS

29

30

2.
PLC I/O

PLC
PLC PLC

PLC I/O
PLC ()
( I/O ) I/O 500 PLC PLC
PLC

I/O
PLC PLC DCS
DCS PLC
PLC
PLC
PLC
PLC

3.
PLC PLC

PLC PLC
PLC I/O
PLC
PLC

4.
PLC PLC

PLC PLC
PC Windows

Wintel
PLC IEC 61131-3
30

31

PLC Modbus
PLC
1.4.2

1.
(Supervisory Control And Data AcquisitionSCADA)

DCS

2.
SCADA

SCADA

() CRT
()
( RTU) I/O
RTU ()

SCADA ()
MODEM

SCADA
SCADA

3.
SCADA RTU

MTBF RTU RTU

31

32

(
)

4.
SCADA

SCADA

1.4.3 PC Based /

1.
PC Based

PC CPU

2.
PC Based PC
I/O PC PC
PC I/O
PC

PC CRT
PC PC
SCADA
PLC PLC PLC(Soft PLC)
+PLC+

3.
PC Based PC I/O

4.
PC Based PC

32

33

PC

PC
PC Based

1.5 DCS
DCS
1.5.1 Honeywell TDC-3000

Honeywell TDC-3000 1.20

1.20

Honeywell TDC-3000

PCN
LCN
UCN
USGUS
HG
NG

33

34

CB
EC
MCA-MC
PMAPMI-PM
LM
HM
AM
HTD
NIM
PLNM
TDC-3000 Honeywell TDC-2000 1983
DCS 1.19 (Data Hiway) CBECMCA-MC
TDC-2000 TDC-3000 LCN LCN
LCN Data Hiway
HG 20 80 Honeywell
UCN PCN
TDC-3000
( Data Hiway UCN )( LCN
)( PCN
)Honeywell

DGS

TDC-3000
DCS
1.5.2 ABB Industrialal IT

ABB Industrial-I 1.21

IndustrialI IT ABB
ABB 800xA

OPC

ABB 2003 36 000

(Aspect Obect)
ABB
34

35

Industrial IT
( IT)

1.21

ABB Industrial IT

1.5.3 HOLLiAS
HOLLiAS
1.22

HOLLiAS
PLC

TCP/IP
OPC

HOLLiAS
DCS

35

36

1.22

HOLLIAS

(DCS) DCS
DCS

1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9

36

DCS

 2 DCS
1
DCS
DCS DCS DCS

DCS

DCS DCS

2.1 DCS
1975 Honeywell (TDC-2000)

3~5
20 80

2.1.1
20 60
()

2.1
()

( 2.2)

38

2.1

2.2

20 60

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

20 70
2.1.2 DCS

(1)

(2) (
)

38

DCS

39

(3)

(1)
(2)

( CPU)

20 60 70

2.3
20 70 20 70

2.3

2.3
()

( 2.4)

39

40

2.4

2.1.3 DCS
DCS DCS
2.5

2.5
40

DCS

DCS

41

1. ()
()

2. ()

3. ()

4. ()

2.2 DCS
2.1

2.5

2.6

2.6
41

42

2.2.1

(1)

(2)
()
(3)

()

(4)

-2000
() A/DD/A /
A/D

CPU

2.2.2

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

MACS-

42

DCS

43

2.2.3

2.2.4

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)

2.3 DCS
2.2 1975 Honeywell
DCS DCS

DCS
I/O

43

44

DCS
DCS

2.3.1 DCS
DCS
() DCS
2.7 DCS

2.7 DCS

DCS

1.

(CRT )

2.
DCS

( CPU)/
I/O I/O CPU
I/O

MultibusVME
44

DCS

45

STDISAPCI04PCI Compact PCI

I/O

I/O
I/O CANProfibus
DevicenetLonwrks FF DCS

I/O (
50ms)

3.
DCS DCS
DCS DCS
/

DCS

DCS
DCS

DCS

4.
DCS

DCS
DCS

45

46

SCADA

SCADA DCS
SCADA

5.
DCS DCS

DCS
DCS

DCS
10Mbit/s 100Mbit/s 10Gbit/s

DCS
DCS

6.
DCS
DCS

4mA20mA

46

DCS

47

4mA20mA

(4mA20mA
)

2.8 DCS
I/O DCS
I/O
DCS

2.8 DCS

(1) 11 1n

(2)

(3) I/O
I/O

47

48

7.
DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS
SCADA SCADA
DCS
DCS

2.9

DCS 2.9

2.9
48

DCS

49

2.3.2 DCS
DCS DCS
DCS DDC

DCS

DCS

I/O

DCS (Run Time)

()
(
)

1.

(1) I/O //

(2)
I/O

(3)

()

(4)

(5) I/O
I/O
I/O I/O
I/O

49

50

2.
HMI

(1) (
)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

3.
DCS
CRT

(1) I/O
I/O ( I/O )

(2) I/O ( I/O

)

(3)
(
)
50

DCS

51

(4)
(5)

(6) ()
()

(7) (
)
(8)
(9)

(10)
34

DCS

4.
DCS DCS
DCS DCS
DCS
1000 I/O DCS
DCS
200MW DCS 4 000 I/O 300MW DCS
6 000 I/O 600MW DCS 8 000 I/O
DCS

CPU

DCS

51

52

5. DCS

(1)
(2)
(3)

DCS

DCS
DCS DCS

DCS

GB

MB

DCS

DCS
52

DCS

53

DCS

DCS DCS

DCS I/O

I/O
DCS

I/O

DCS

DCS Client/Server

(
)

n:S
DCS

DCS 35
2.3.3 DCS
1. DCS

53

54

(Token)

(Time Slot)

DCS

DCS

DCS

2. DCS
2.3.2 DCS DCS

DCS DCS

DCS

54

DCS

55

DCS
DCS

DCS
ISO OSI
DCS TCP/IP

OSI
( IEEE 802. 3 )

OSI
DCS DCS
DCS

IEC

DCS

DCS 6

2.4 DCS
2.4.1
DCS

55

56

OSI

2.4.2
()

DDC CPU

1975 DCS
DDC DDC
DDC DCS

DCS
DCS

DDC DCS

2.5 DCS

2.5.1 TDC-3000
Honeywell
TDC-3000 TDC-2000 5 1983 1

TDC-3000
2.10

56

DCS

2.10

TDC-3000

57

2.10
I/O I/O

1. TDC-3000 3
(1) (LCN) TDC-3000 IEEE 802.
4 5Mbit/s DECnet/Ethernet DEC-VAX

(2) (UCN) 1988 MAP

5Mbit/s 32 RS-511
(3) (DH)
75Q- 250Kbit/s
DH (HTD) DH HTD
HTD DH
2. TDC-3000
(1) ( PMLM DH )

(2)

(3)

3. TDC-3000
TDC-3000 (BC)(MC)
57

58

(AMC)(LM)(PM)
(KMM)(PLC)
4. TDC-3000 CRT
(1) (US)
(2) (EOS) TDC-2000CRT
(3) (LBOS)
(4) (.US) X-Window

5. TDC-3000 LCN
(1) (US)
(2) (HM)
(3) (AM)

(SPQC)
(4) (PLCG)
(5) (CG) DECIBMHP
(6) (NM) UCN LCN
(7) (HG)(DH) LCN
2.5.2 Centum-XL
Centum-XL 1987 IF
CentumYS-80YEWPACKFA500(
) uXL 2.11

2.11
58

Centurm-XL

DCS

59

1.
(1) LAN
SV-NET MAP 10Mbit/s(
)100 500m 5. 5km
Ethernet
(2) Centum-XL HF 8D-V
PROWAY C 1Mbit/s
32 () lkm 10km
(3) RL HXL
1Mbit/s lkm
15km
2. (EOPS)
32
16000
2300 300 1
3.

(EFMS)(EFCD) 32 80
786 / 1s
(EFMS)
255 mv
4. (ENGS)

ECMP

5. ECMP
ECMP 32 (/
)
2.5.3 I/A Series
I/A Series 1987 Foxboro
(I/A Series)

59

60

I/A Series
2.12

2.12

I/A Series

1. I/A Series
I/A Series
ISO OSI MAP

(1) 15km 64
10Mbit/s
(2) 100 5Mbit/s
2km
I/A Series
(3) IEEE 802.3
10Mbit/s 300m 32
(DCLI)(
Spectrum )
(4)
EIARS-485 268.75Kbit/s

2. I/A Series
I/O I/O I/O
60

DCS

61

20 /

CMOS

(1) (CP) 60

(2) (WP)
CRI 640480

(3) (COMP)

(4) (AP)

3. I/A Series
(1) UNIX+VRTX
IN-FORMIX MAP
(2) 30
PID

EXACT

(3)

(4)

(5)
DCS

2.5.4 INFI-90
INFI-90 2.13 (Strategm Process
Management System) 1987 DCS N-90DCS

(1) INFI-90 (33MHz Motorola 68020 68030)CRT

(PCU)(OIS)
61

62

(CIU)

(2) INFI-90
INFI-NET 250 10Mbit/s

 INFI-NET 250 10Mbit/s
 INFI-90 63 500Kbit/s

2.13

INFI-90

(Control Way)
32 () 1Mbit/s
(Slave-11S)
I/O 64
I/O 500Kbit/s
(3) INFI-90

INFI-90

()

62

DCS

63

(4) INFI-90
I/O

(5) INFI-90 MFP ROM 11

200 ()
(EWS) BATRAM
EXPERT-90
(6) INFI-90 OSI

DEC VAX
VMS DEC net/Ethernet
(7) INFI-90 CIUMPF PLC IBM
IntelCompaqDECHP
2.5.5 MACS
MACS(Meet All Customer Satisfaction) HOllySys()
2.14 (S-NET)(M-NET)
Ethernet() 10/100Mbit/s S-NET
M-NET

PC Windows NT/2000 IEC61131-3

(functionb10ckdiagramFBD)(Ladder DiagramLD)(Sequence
Function ChartSFC)(Structure TextST)

2.14

MACS
63

64

MACS (MCU)(IOU)
(C-NET) 2.15 (MCU)MCU 3
(Ethernet) l2 S-NET 3
MCU 1 CPU 1 PROFIBUS-DP 1 C-NET
PROFIBUS-DP 9.6Kbit/s12Mbit/s
IOU AIAODIDO C-NET DIN IO
IO QNX
50ms
100ms1000ms

2.15

MACS

DCS
DCS DCS

2-1 DCS ?
2-2 DCS
2-3
2-4 DCS

2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9 DCS ?
64

 3 DCS

3.1 DCS
3.1.1

1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

50ms 5ms
/
/
//
/
HART Profibus

2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Windows 2000 Server

500ms

OPC

3.
(1)
(2) OPC
(3)
4. (HMI)
(1) Honeywell HMIWeb
(2)

66

(3)
(4)
5.
(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

HTML
HTML

6.
(1)
(2)
3.1.2

1.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) /
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
2.

66

DCS

67

I/O

(1)
(2)
(3)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
4.

(1)
(2)

67

68

(3)
(4)

3.2 DCS

3.1
3.2.1

3.1

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

3.2.2
1.

()
DDZ

3.2
68

3.2

DCS

69

KMM

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

69

70

2.

3.3

3.3
(CPU)/

3.3

3.3.1

DCS HS2000 3.4

3.4
1SNET 1 2 3SNET 2
7

8I/O

9I/O

10

12RS-232C 13 14

11CRT

15

70

DCS

71

I/O CPU SNET PC104

I/O I/O
I/O 02
CPU I/O
I/O 0
12 2
I/O 37 I/O
I/O I/O
12 I/O 0
17 I/O
I/O I/O
HS2T30 HS2T31 HS2T30
HS2T31 I/O

24V I/O
3.5 3.6

3.3.2
1.

I/O

I/O EPROM
RAM
1)

I/O
2)
(1) ( 4mA20mA0mA10mA1 mA5V0 mA10V)

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
71

72

3.5
1

6 I/O

7
10

8I/O

3.6

9
1

11 12
4

13

5 6M4

14
7

15

16

3)

(1) PID P1D ()Smith

(2)
(3)
(4) PID PID PID
(5) ,,
(6)

(7)
72

DCS

73

4)

CPU

(1)

(2) CPU

(3) PLC A-BOMRON

2.
1)
(1) 0.2%
0.1%0.2%
(2) 1ms
(3) 1500V
(4) 0.20.512s
(5) (MTBF)10 6h
(6) (MTTR)5min
2)
(1) 050
(2) 10%90%()
(3) 2085
(4) 5%90%()
(5) (90V135V)/(180V270V)
73

74

(6) 505Hz
(7) 10 1
3.
DCS
( I/O )

(1) DCS
DCS

MTBF

(2)

(3)

(4)

I/O

(5) DCS
DCS

(CPUAIAODIDO )

3.3.3
DCS

I/O

74

DCS

75

3.4 DCS
3.4.1
1.

2.
(1)
3.7

3.7

(2) CRT

(3)

(4)
(5)
CPU / CRT

75

76

3.

(1) CPUCRT

CRT 20in 300

200
100

8
() 5 5 256
(2)

5
(3)

CPU Pentium 4 128MB

1GB 3 VGA 20in 1024
76864 101 ()
3.4.2
1.

(1)

(2)

(3)
76

DCS

77

(4)

2.
3

/


1)

3.8

3.8

2)

77

78

PV
Series 90 PID Controller
***
SVMV
SP
PV
CV

100
100
100
3.9

SVMV PID
The
Theconfigured
device data
point
is
50
50
50
structure
currently ID
unavailable
is invalid
3)

0
0
0

0
0
0

Manual
Auto
Tune >
X-Y
Adv ...
Close Trend >
S9000 Micromax
3.9
/


/

1s 5min 1500 3000

1500 25 min 10s
4h10min

(1)
1s

PID

(2)

l0min30min1h
1 16
78

DCS

79

3.10

3.10

1s 1min 1h 8h
24h 6min 1h 8h 24h

3.10
79

80

Excel
ODBC
Total Plant Uniformance
4)

/

/

///

(1)
(2)
(3) (/
/)
(4)

(5)

(station)

6 PV PV PV
PV



30 000
3.11

80

DCS

81

3.11

5)

1024768
19 3.12

3.12

6)

(1) /
81

82

()
(2)

(3) Excel Excel

ODA Microsoft Excel
Experion PKS
(4)
/
(5)

(6)

(7) ODBC
(8)

3.
1)
(1)

(2) 10

(3) 1024768

(4)
/
82

DCS

83

(5)

(6)
3.13
(7)

3.13

2)
CRT

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

83

84

3)
(1)
,
(2)

4)

(1) LEVEL 1
(2) LEVEL 2
(3) LEVEL 3LEVEL 2
(4) LEVEL 4LEVEL3 LEVEL 4
(5) LEVEL 5LEVEL 4
(6) LEVEL 6
/ 255

56
3 10 3

4.

1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
84

DCS

85

2)
(1)

(2)
3)
(1)
CPU

CRT

(2)

(3)

(4)

500
(5)

(6)

()

(7)

3.4.3

85

86

1.
(1) CPU Pentium4
(2) 256MB
(3) 40GB
(4)
(5) VGA
(6) 19 1024768()
(7)
(8)
2.

(
)

1)
(1)
(2)
(3) CPU
/ Run/Stop Load/Save
(4) Load/Save

(5)
(6)

2)
(1) LoadSave

(2)
(3) ()
3)
(1)

(2) /
86

DCS

87

(3)

3.5 DCS /
3.5.1
(CPM)
CPM

CPM
(function blocks)
Control Builder Control
Builder

1.
(CPM)ControlNet
/ 5 4 7
10 13 17
3.14

3.14 I/O

3.14
120/240V AC 24V DC

1)
3.14 100MHz
PowerPC 603E 8MB EDAC ()
4MB (Flash ROM)
87

88

2) ControlNet
ControlNet ControlNet (CNI)
3.14 ControlNet / ControlNet I/O ControlNet
/(--)
I/O ControlNet ControlNet (ControlNet International)
Honeywell ControlNet
10km 6 km 1
km() 3 km()/
10 10 I/O ControlNet
I/O
3)
3.14

PC
TCP/IP 10BaseT
()
4)
RM 3.14

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
(5) RM
non-volatile event log

(6)

(7) RM

(8) RM

88

DCS

89

(9) RM RM
5)
(FF)
FF
FIM 3.14
H1 FIM
(1)
(2) FIM I/O
(3) RTP

(4) FF

(5) ControlBuilder
FF
(6)
(7)
(8) FLM
6) I/O
I/O (IOLM) 3.14 PMIO I/O

(1) I/O (IOLM)I/O

(2) PMIO Control

Builder I/O
(3) PMIO
(4) I/O

(5) DISOE
1ms
(6)
2.

(Process UsagePU)(Memory UsageMU)

CPU
CM SCM

89

90

pullpush
SCM (step)

PLC PCCC
(Programmable Controller Communications Commands) CIP (Control and
Information Protocol)

3.5.2 /
/
(FIM)
FIM

1. /
/ 3.15 A (CIOM-A)
A (RIOM-A) H (RIOM-H) I/O(PMIO)

PMIO

CIOM-A

RIOM-A

RIOM-H

3.15 I/O

A I/O I/O
(55)/(
)/
A I/O 3.16 DIN
I/O
A I/O I/O

90

DCS

3.16

A I/O

91

H /(GI/IS)I/O

I/O(PMIO) I/O
3.17 TPS I/O
I/O I/O I/O I/O PMIO

3.17 PMI/O

PMIO
I/O XPM
2. /
/
(1) /
(2)
(3) (LED)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7) ( 8km)
91

92

(8)
(9)
3. /
1)

(
)()
4mA
20mADC 0V1VDC 0V5VDC 0V10VDC 1V5V
3.18

3.18

2)
(RTD) 3 4 Pt100

3)
(T/C) K EJTBSR

4)

( 230V AC24V DC)

1() 0
92

DCS

93

5)

4mA20mA10mA50mADC 0V5VDC 0V10VDC 1V

5V 3.19
416

3.19

6)

ON/OFF /

230V AC24V DC
3.5.3
(HMI) HoneywellHMIWeb
Web HMIWeb
HTML export
(station) Microsoft IE

Windows 2000 HTML

IE
93

94

HMIWeb ,

ActiveX

PTZ
CCTV() CCTV Honeywell

(1)
(2)
(3) /
(4)
(5)

3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
94

3
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24

DCS

95

95

 4 DCS
4.1 DCS
DCS DCS
DCS DCS
DDC
DCS

PID
I/O

1.
I/O DCS
PID

(1) I/O I/O ()/

(2)

(3)

()

(4)

I/O
I/O I/O
I/O

DCS

97

2.

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8) DCS
CRT

3.

DCS DCS

(1)
I/O I/O ( I/O
)
(2) I/O

(3)
(4)

(5) ()
97

98

()
(6) (
)
(7)
(8)

(9)

4.2 DCS

4.2.1
DCS I/O
I/O
DCS 4.1
DCS I/O

4.1

DCS

I/O DCS I/O () I/O

I/O I/O
I/O ()I/O
(CPU)

DCS
PID
IEC
61131-3

IEC 61131-3
(Program Organization Units)POUS I/O

98

DCS

99

//
I/O I/O

//
(1) I/O
(2)
(3) I/O
(4) I/O ( 4mA20mA
)

I/O
4.2.2
DCS DCS
I/O

DCS I/O
DCS I/O DCS
(PLC) I/O I/O(
) I/O
I/O () CPU DCS I/O 4.2

4.2

DCS

DCS
()
()

99

100

(A/D ) A/D
DCS
A/D

1. A/D

4mA20mA0mA20mA1V5V0V10V
DCS I/O ()(AI) AI ()
A/D
A/D A/D 8
A/D 025516 A/D 065 535
A/D

CPU CPU

2. TS
A/D

S ()max

S2max
(4-1)
Ts DCS I/O
I/O A/DD/A
I/O I/O I/O
DCS I/O
CPUA/DD/A
I/O

(1)
(2)
(3)
PID

100

DCS

101

4-1

4-1

/s

15

310

58

1520

1520

/s

20

20

3.

A/D A/D
A/D A/D
A/D

A/D A/D A/D

K
1
K= N
(4-2)
2 1
N A/D
A/D (4-2)
8 A/D K 0.39% 16 A/D K
0.015
A/D
y, y'(4-3)

y
y =
(4-3)
km q
km
q A/D ,(4-4)
M
q= N
2

(4-4)

M A/D

4.1 0100 0mA10mA, 25 8

A/D ?
(4-4)
10 10
(mA)
q= 8 =
2
256
(4-3) A/D
101

102

y =

25

= 64(10) = 1000000(2)
100 10

10 256
, q q

q
4.
1)
DCS AI ()
RC
()
()

I/O
() CPU
RC

10
(1) ()
( A)A
A,,
|y(n)y(n1)|A y(n)
|y(n)y(n1)|A y(n1)

(2) N (N ) N

(3) N
N N
N N=12N=4N=412N=14

RAM
(4) () N
N,(
102

DCS

) N
1 N 1
y ( n) = y ( n i )
N i =0

103

(4-5)

y (n) N N

y(ni) i

RAM
(5) ()+
N N2
N 314

RAM
(6) +

RAM
(7) () RC
1
(4-6)
G(S ) =
TS + 1
T
T C
RC T

(4-5)
dy (t )
+ y (t ) = x(t )
T
(4-7)
dt

y (n) y (n 1)
(4-8)
T
+ y ( n) = x ( n)
ts

y (n) = ay (n 1) + (1 a ) x(n)

(4-9)

a=T/(T+TS) a=01(4-9)
=a+(1a)
(8)
(i)

103

104

y ( n) =

1
N

0 ai 1

N 1

a y (n i )
i

(4-10)

i =0

N 1

=1

(4-11)

i =0

(9)
+1
N(),,

(10) +,
,

2)
A/D

(1) x(t) 0 A/D

0 0 (
4mA 4.03mA)
0 () 0 ()
y(t) 0
4.3

4.3

(2)
(I/O )

104

DCS

105

()

4.4

4.4

(3)

4.5

4.5

105

106

y = y1 +

y2 y1
( x x1 )
x2 x 1

(4-12)

x1 ()x2 ()y1 y2
x y
4.2 01300 4mA20mA, 12mA

x1=4x2=20y1=0y2=1300x=12(4-12)
1300 0
(12 4) = 650
y =0+
20 4
4.6

4.6

y = ( y2 y1 )

x x1
+ y1
x2 x1

(4-13)





 ()
(4)
(/s)
(
)
(I/O )
3)
1 01

106

DCS

107

4.7
4ms15ms

4.7

4.2.3

DCS
DCS

DCS

(International Electrotechnical
CommissionIEC) IEC 61131-3

1. IEC 61131
IEC 61131 (PLC)

IEC 61131
(general information)
PLC
(equipment requirements and tests)
PLC EMC()

IEC 61131-3(programming languages)

IEC 61131-3
PLC
DCS
(user guidelines)

(messaging service specification)

PLC PLC
107

108

(IEC 61508 )

(fuzzy logic)
2000 IEC 61131-7 PLC
IEC 61131
PLC
IEC61508

IEC 61131-3 IEC 61131

IEC (PLC)

2. IEC 61131-3
IEC61131-3 4.8
IEC 61131-3 IEC 61131-3
PLC IEC 61131-3
IEC 61131-3 PLC

4.8 IEC
108

DCS

109

1)
(Configuration) PLC
DCS PLC PLC
PLC
IEC
(Resources) PLC
DCS CPU
PLC PLC I/O IEC
PLC
IEC(Program) IEC IEC
I/O
(tasks)
/()
IEC

IEC

IEC 61131-3

2) (Program Organization UnitsPOU)

IEC 61131-3 POU POU (functions)
(function-blocks)(program)
IEC 61131-3

COS(),SIN()IEC 61131-3
IEC 61131-3

IEC 61131-3

IEC61131-3

POU
POU
3)

()()
PLC

109

110

3. IEC
IEC .
(1) PLC IEC 61131-3
PLC
PLC
(2) IEC 61131-3
PLC PLC
IEC 61131-3
PLC
(3) IEC PLC IEC
PLC
(4) IEC PLC
(5) IEC IEC
(6) IEC IEC

4.
IEC 61131-3
(Ladder DiagramLD)(Function Block DiagramFBD)
(Sequential Function chartSFC)(Instruction ListIL)
(Structured TextST)IEC61131-3 IEC
PLC
PLC DCS

1) (Structured TextST)
(ST) PASCAL

(ST)

(1) (ST)
ANDXOROR
<> = + -*/

Start= Oilpress AND Stream AND Pump

V= K*(-W*T)
(2) (ST) X=Y

110

DCS

111

Profile[3]:=10.3+SQRT((Rate+2.0))
Alarm.TimeOn:=RCT1.CDT

(3) (ST)

Function Block Instance(

Input Parameter1:=Value Expression1,
Input Parameter2:=Value Expression2 );

Value Expression1Value ExpressionN Input

Parameter1Input ParameterN Function Block Instance

(4) (ST)
(ST)
IF THENELSE THEN
ELSE

IF < boolean expression =true>THEN

<statements1>
ELSE
<statements2>
END_IF

boolean expressiontruefalsetruefalse
statements1 statements2
CASE CASE

CASE<var1> OF
< integer selector value1> : < statements1>
< integer selector value2> : < statements2>

ELSE
< statements >
END_CASE

integer expression statements1

statements2
(5) (ST)

FORDO

FOR < initialize iteraion variable >

TO < final value expression >
BY< increment expression > DO
111

112
END_FOR

initialize iteraion variablefinal value expression

initialize iteraion variableincrement
expressionfinal value expression
(ST) WHILE DOREPEAT UNTIL
FORDO (ST) EXIT
RETURN
(6) (ST)(ST)

4.9
Full Weight Empty Weight

4.9

Command
(ST)
TYPE_T_STATE:(FULL,NOT_FULL,EMPTIED);
(**)
END_TYPE;
TYPE_T_VALVE:(OPEN,SHUT);
(**)
END_TYPE;
FUNCTION_BLOCK TankControl;
(**)
VAR_IN
(**)
Command:SINT;
Weight:REAL;
FullWeight:REAL;
EmptyWeight:REAL;
END_VAR
VAR_OUT
(**)
FillValve:T_VALVE:=SHUT;
EmptyValve:T_VALVE:=SHUT;
StirSpeed:REAL:=0.0;
END_VAR
VAR
(**)
Stat:=T_STATE:=EMPTYIED;
END_VAR
112

DCS

113

2) (Instruction ListIL)
IEC61131-3 (IL)
PLC

PLC
(1)
IEC 61131-3

IL (Accu) Accu
IEC61131-3 Accu LD( Accu )

(2) IEC61131-3

LD N
AND N ()OR N ()XOR N ()
ADD()SUB()MUL (),DIV()MOD(
)
GT()GE()EQ()NE()LE()
LT()
JMP C,N ()CALL C,N()
(3) IL
XY 4.10

4.10

Travel_distance=SQRT[(x1x2)*(x1x2)+(y1y2)*(y1y2)]
TMax X,Y TMax
TMax X,Y

TRAVEL()
FUNCTION TRAVELREAL
113

114
VAR_INPUT
X1,X2,Y1,Y2REAL
TMaxREAL
END_VAR
VAR
TempREAL
END_VAR
LD Y1
SUB Y2
ST Temp
MUL Temp
ADD X1
SUB X2
ST Temp
MUL Temp
ADD TEMP
CAL SQRT
ST TRAVEL
GT TMax
JMPC ERR
S ENO
ERR:
RET

(* X,Y *)
(**)

(**)

(* Y2-Y1*)
(* Y2-Y1 Temp *)
(*(Y2-Y1)*)
(*(X1-X2)*)
(*(X1-X2) Temp *)
(*(X1-X2)*)
(**)
(**)
(**)
(* TMax *)
(* ERR *)
(* ENO *)
(*ENO *)

3) (Function Block DiagramFBD)

(FBD)
IEC
4.9 Tank Control 4.10 Travel
FBD

/ 4.5.2

FBD
EN EN
EN TRUE , ENO
ENO FALSE TRUE
4.11 IEC 61131
ReqOpen ReqClose RS
Position RS DemandOpen Demand
Close
114

DCS

115

4.11

OpenLS CloseLS

OpenLS false,
Move Time Out Timer1
Discrepancy
4) (Ladder DiagramLD)
(LD) IEC61131-3 PLC

PLC DCS
4.12

4.12

I Q
IEC 61131-3 (LD) PLC (LD)
PLC IEC 61131-3

(1)
(2) ()
115

116

(3)
PLC
4.13 FD1FD2 FD3

(a)

(b)

4.13

MAN1
Alarm_SR Clear Alarm
ON(Fire Warning LED)

5) (Sequential Function ChartSFC)

(SFC) IEC 61131-3

SFC
(1)
4.14a SFC
SFC
SFC

(action)

IEC STFBDLD IL (Qulifier)

(Qulifier)
116

DCS

117

STLD FBD
STILLD FBD
(2) (SFC) 4.14
4.14 (SFC)

(a)

(c)

(b)

(d)

4.14

(3) (SFC)(SFC)
(POU)(task)
(POU) IEC (SFC)
(4) SFC 4.15 HIL
F1F2F3 R
H=I=L=0 F1= F2= F3=0
117

118

A I
A I F1 F2 B H
F2 R 50s
F3 L F3

4.15

4.16

4.16

4.3 DCS
DCS

118

DCS

119

DCS
DCS
DCS
4.3.1 [1]

DCS

(/)

DCS
1. DCS
DCS DCS DCS
DCS

1)
DCS

(1) DCS
4.17

1s

()(
)

1s
3s DCS
500ms 500ms
119

120

1s DCS
DCS

( JPGBMP )
4.17

4.17

DCS

(2)

(3) DCS

120

DCS

121

(4)

()

(5) DCS

(6)

(7)
PID
PID /PID

2)

(1) DCS

(2)

(3)

(4)

121

122

(5)

DCS

2.
DCS DCS
DCS

1)
DCS
DCS DCS
DCS

3
(1)
DCS

(2)
DCS

(3)
DCS
122

DCS

123

BL001<10AND BP001=1 BL001

BP001

2)
DCS
DCS

(1) 1
4 ()()

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

()-()+
4.18

4.18
123

124

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

3)

(1)

(2) DCS

(a)
(b)
(c)

4)

(1)
(2)
(3) (
)
(4) (
)
(5) ()
(6) ()
124

DCS

125

(7)
5)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
6)

DCS
4.19

4.19

3. ()
DCS
125

126

()
DCS

1)

(1)
(2) SOE

2)

(1)

(2)

DCS

(3)

3)

4.20

4.

DCS
126

DCS

127

DCS

4.20

( 30min 30min)( 1s)

5.
(Sequence Of Events SOE)

1ms
SOE 1ms
DCS
SOE
DCS
SOE SOE
DCS SOE 1ms
2ms SOE 1ms
127

128

2ms SOE SOE

1ms

6.

(
)
DCS
DCS

DCS

DCS

DCS +-*
/

3 13 24 2

7.
DCS DCS
DCS
DCS PLC

/
MODBUSPROFIBUSDP
DLL I/O
I/O
(Component Object Moudel,COM) I/O
OPC DCS OPC
OPC
OPC OLE for Process Control(Object Linking and Embedding
OLE)

COM OPC OLE

COM DCOM(Distributed COM)
128

DCS

129

(Plug and Play)

OPC

150 OPC Server, PLC

HMI/SCADA OPC
OPC
DCS
DCS

DCS

8. DCS

DCS
DCS PID

1) PlD
PID 4.21 PID

4.21

PID

129

130

S() PID P() PID

O() PID PID
PID
PID PID
PID ###

2)
4.22
3)
4.23

4.22

4.23

4.3.2

1. DCS
DCS
1)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DCS

2)

(1) (Snapshot)

130

DCS

131

I/O
(2) DCS

(3)

2. DCS
DCS

DCS

DCS

//

BCD

01

3.
(1) DCS
LT101PT102
(2) 2
065535
(3)
AI0001AI0002
4.
DCS
1)
DCS
(1)
131

132

0.2s
(2) 12
2)

0.5h 1h

3)

4) SOE

4.3.3
DCS

DCS

DCS

DCS

1.

DCS

4.24

2. /
/(Client/Server) C/S
/

132

DCS

133

()

4.24

C/S

DCS

C/S

(1) I/O
(2) Alarms(SPC)
(3) Reports
133

134

(4) Trends SPC()

(5) Display
() 4.25

4.25

C/S

I/O I/O I/O

()
I/O ()
I/O

I/O

1)
4.26
C/S

4.26 C/S

134

DCS

135

2)
4.26 C/S
PC
I/O
/ 4.27

4.27 C/S

3)
C/S

C/S C/S 4.28

4.28 C/S

3. B/S
B/S Browser/Server(/) Internet C/S

B/S
135

136

Windows 98/Windows 2000

B/S
C/S
DCS B/S DCS
Web
Web DCS
DCS

4.29 B/S

1) B/S
B/S 4.29 C/S
Web

Web Internet/Intranet
Web
/ I/O
I/O Web Web
Web HTML

2) B/S
Internet
Internet Internet Web

4.4 DCS
DCS

136

DCS

137

DCS

SIMATIC STEP7 SIMATIC WinCC

Conmaker Facview

(1) ( DCS )
(2) ()
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
4.4.1

DCS
Excel
Excel ()
7-1 DCS

(1)

/
DCS

(2)

(3)

(4) ()
137

138

4.4.2
DCS

DCS DCS

(
)

4.4.3

DCS
( 1s )
DCS DCS
(256MB )(40GB )

DCS

( 1min )
( 1s )

()
DCS

DCS DCS
138

DCS

139

Excel

4.4.4

DCS DCS

(1)
PID 20
()

(2) DCS

1s
()

(3)

(4)
()

4.5 DCS
4.5.1 PID

DCS

139

140

4.30(a)LT 4M20M
AI LC
LC
4.30(b)(SP)(PV)
PID PID
AO 4mA20mA

4.30

DCS PID
DCS
PID

1. PID 3
(1) PID (4-14) PID (4-15)
(4-16)
1 t
de
u = K c (e + edt + Td )
Ti 0
dt

u ( s ) = K c (1 +

1
+ Td s ) E ( s )
Ti s

u ( k ) = K c e( k ) +

Kc
Ti

e(i)T

i =0

(4-14)
+ K cTd

e(k ) e(k 1)
Ts

(4-15)

u (k ) = K C e(k ) + K I e(i ) + K D [e(k ) e(k 1)]

(4-16)

i =0

(2) PID (4-17)

PID
u (k ) = K C e(k ) + K I e(k ) + K D [e(k ) e(k 1)]
(4-17)
= K C [e(k ) e(k 1)] + K I e(k ) + K D [e(k ) 2e(k 1) + e(k 2)]
140

DCS

141

e(k ) = e(k ) e(k 1)

u (k ) = u (k ) u (k 1)

(3) TS
K T
u (h)
e(k ) K C
v ( h) =
= Kc
+
e(k ) + C 2 D [e(k ) e(k 1)]
Ts
Ts
Ti
Ts

(4-18)

2.
PI PID
()

(wind up)
e

4.31

4.31 PID PID

3. PID

PID
PID 4.32 SP PV

4.32 PID

4. PID
DCS
PID 4.33 PID G(s)
PID 4.33 PID PID

141

142

==0 PID
PID ==1

4.33 PID

5.

PID

LS HS 4.34

4.34

4.34

PID

6.
PID
4.35

4.35
142

DCS

143

7.
F1F2
4.36

4.36

4.5.2

DCS
IEC 61131 DCS

DCS 4-2
4-2

RS D

UDFB

PID

4.37

1.
PID

2.

143

144

()

12

4.37

3.

()

4.

PID

4-3 4-6
4-3

I1
I2

I1 1 1

I3

I2 2 2

AV

I5

I6

I8 8 8

I4

I7
I8

144

AV

DCS

145
()

I1
I2

I1 1

I3

I2 2

AV

I5

I6

I8 8

I4

AV

I7
I8

I1
I2

I1 1

I3

I2 2

AV

I5

I6

I8 8

I4

AV

I7
I8

I1
I2

I1 1

I3

I2 2

AV

I5

I6

I8 8

I4

AV

I7
I8

IN

IN

AV

IN

AV

IN

AV

AVIN

145

146

4-4

I1

DV

I2

I3

I1I2I8 DV

I4

I5

DV=I1&& I2&&&&I8

I6
I7
I8

I1

DV

I2

I3
I4

I1I2I8 DV

I5

DV=I1 || I2 |||| I8

I6
I7
I8

I1

DV

I2
I3

I4

I5

I1I2I8 DV

I6

DV=I1 ^^ I2 ^^^^ I8
I1==I2====I8 DV=0

I7
I8

IN DV
IN

DV

I1

I2

RS

I1

DV

RS
I2

I1I2 DVRV

RV

DV
RV

146

DV= NOT(IN)

DCS

4-5

147

ST

ST

/
RS

DV

DV

(TC)0TC

RS

65535

ST 0 1 T DV
RS 0 1 DV

4-6

PID

PID

PID PID

SP

PID

PV

IC

OC

TP

TS

cycle

147

148

()

PID
MC

PID PID_CAS PID

PID PID_ONLY PID PID_MAIN

CSRM

PID PID

(CSOCI)

CSOC

PID PID

AV

(PT)

0(%)

(TI)

0 s

/(SV)

0
(%)

(KD)

(TD)

0 s

0(%)
/ (DI)

148

(OutT)

(OutB)

(OutR)

(DL)

0(%)

(MU)

(MD)

(PK)

0 1

(OutM)

POM_POSITION0 POM_RATE1

(AD)

PAD_DIRECT0 PAD_INDIRECT1

(TM)

0 1

(MI)

(ME)

(1 0 )

(AE)

(1 0 )

(CE)

(1 0 )

(MTE)

(1 0 )

(ATE)

(1 0 )

DCS

149
()

PID
PID PID
PID
(RM)

0MAN 1AUTO 2CAS 3

MANTRACK 4AUTOTRACK ,

PVMU

PV

PVMD

PV

CSOCI

PID
CSOC

PID

1
1
U ( s)
Si
=

+ TDs )
(1 +
E ( s ) 1 + TD s PT
TIs
KD
Si
| E(n)|> SV Si=0 PD
| E(n)|SV Si=1 PID

IEC 61131 DCS

DCS
(1) PID
I/O

(2) A/D
I/O

(3) DCS IEC 61131-3 IEC 61131-3

PLC 23
(4) DCS PID PID
149

150

PID PID PID

PID PID
(5) DCS
/

(6) DCS
//
(7) DCS DCS

4-1 DCS
4-2 0m3/h100m3/h 020mA 12mA
16 A/D
4-3 IEC
4-4 ?
4-5

4-6 DCS
4-7
4-8 DCS DCS
4-9 PID

150

 5 DCS
DCS

(1) 2s6s
0.01s0.5s
(2) 10 1110 8
99.999%
(3)
(4)

()

5.1

1 0
1 0

5.1.1

(
)()

152

()

01
1 0

01
01

5.1.2
1.

2.
(bit)
bit/s( bps)
0.5Mbit/s100Mbit/s
152

DCS

153

3.
5.1

(a)

(b)

(c)
5.1 \

(1) (Simplex) 5.1(a)

(2) (Half Duplex)

5.1(b)
(3) (Full Duplex)
5.1(c)
4.

5.

6.

153

154

5.2

(a)

(b)
5.2

5.2

5.2.1
0 1
(1) 0
1 1 0

(2)

(3)

1 0 0

1 0

5.3
(1) 1 0
5.3(a)

(2) (Manchester)
1
154

DCS

155

0 5.3(b)

5.3
(a)
(d)

(b)
(e)

(c)
(f)

(3) 5.3(c) 1 0

(4) 5.3(d) 1

(5)

5.3(e)
(6) 1
1 NRZ-1 5.3(f)

(1) (Amplitude Modulation AM) (Amplitude-Shift KeyingASK)

1 0 5.4(a)
(2) (Frequency Modulation FM) (Frequency-Shift KeyingFSK)
1 0 5.4(b)
(3) (Phase ModulationPM)(Phase-Shift Keying
155

156

PSK) 0 0
180 1 5.4(c)

5.4
(a)

(b)

(c)

5.2.2

1.

3
2.

3.

(1)

156

DCS

157

(2)

5.2.3

(1)
(2) ()
(3)

1.

2.

5.5

157

158

(a)

(b)

(c)

5.5

3.

3
5.2.4

1.

(1)
5.6(a)

10Mbit/s 5.7
(2) 5.6(b)
158

DCS

159

(a)

(b)

(c)

5.6

5.7
(3) 5.6(c)

Kevlar 100m
300N

5.7
5.7

5.7

159

160

2.

5.8 PIN
12 (LED)
1 3
4 5

5.8

5-1
5-1

160

DCS

161
()

5.3 DCS
5.3.1

ISO (Open System InterconnectionOSI)

ISO/OSI
ISO/OSI
5.9

5.9

ISO/OST
161

162

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
(6)

(7)

5.3.2
1.

(1)
(2) 01
(3)
()
()

(1) RS-232CRS-232C 1969 (EIA)

5V15V 1
+5+15V 0 25
19.2Kbit/s 15mRS-232C

162

DCS

163

(2) RS-449 RS-232C EIA

1977 RS-449 CCITT ISO RS-449 RS-232C
2.5Mbit/s 300m

(3) RS-485RS-485 RS-449

( 32 )
RS-449

2.

5-2
5-2

TDMA

1)
(Time Division Multiple AccessTDMA)

2)
(Polling) TDMA
163

164

TDMA
TDMA
3)
(Token)
11111111

IEEE 802

4)
CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access /
Collision Detection)
()

CSMA/CD
(Ethemet) CSMA/CD IEEE 802

5)
(Ring Expansion)

(1) BISYNC IBM

164

DCS

165

(2) DDCMP DEC

(3) SDLC IBM

(4) HDLC ISO

(5) ADCCP ANSI

3.

(CCITT.25)

4.

(1)

(2)

(3)
()
165

166

5.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

50%
5.3.3
(Repeater)
(Bridge)
(Router)
(Gateway)

1.
(Repeater)

166

DCS

167

()
5.10
A B
( C D) B
C D C D

5.10

0 1
0l

(
)
2.

167

168

5.11 A D
A D
D 5.11 A
G
G

5.11

3
168

DCS

169

1)

2)

5.11
A G A
A

A G
A
G

3)

3.

5.12

169

170

5.12

4.

I/O
ASI
PROFIBUS-DP

170

5.4

DCS

171

5.4.1

(DCS) DCS

DCS
20 50 20 6070
4mA20mA(DC)20 90
4mA20mA(DC)
(Fiedbus)

(Fieldbus Control SystemFCS)

(FCS)(Distributed
Control SystemDCS) DCS

(International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC)

(Fieldbus FoundationFF)

5.4.2

1.

2. N
N N

171

172

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

5.4.3
1. IEC 61158

1984
172

DCS

173

IEC/TC65/SC65C/WG6
IEC 61158-2 1993
IEC 61158.3 IEC 61158.4 5 1998
2 FDIS IEC 611585 IEC 61158.6
1997 10 FDIS
1998 9 IEC 61158 FDlS

FDIS IEC 1999 6 15

IEC CAl05/19 SC65C
FDIS
SC65C/WG6 IEC 61158
IEC Typel IEC
Type1Type8 IEC 61158
(1) Typel IEC 61158
(2) Type2ControlNet
(3) Type3Profibus
(4) Type4P-Net
(5) Type5 FFHSE(High Speed Ether-net)
(6) Type6SwiftNet
(7) Type7WorldFIP
(8) Type8 Interbus
IEC 61158 1999 12
2. PROFIBUS
PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS DINl9245 EN50170

OSI PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS-DP
FMS
PA
PROFIBUS 3
PROFIBUS-DP(Decentralized Periphery)
PROFIBUSPA(Process Automation) PROFIBUS-FMS(Fieldbus Message Specification)
PROFIBUS-DP I/O
PROFIBUS-DP 4mA20mA

PROFIBUS-DP
PROFIBUS-PA
173

174

PA PROFIBUS-DP PA
PA IEC 61158-2 PA
DP PA
PROFIBUS-FMS
(Fieldbus Message SpecificationFMS)
(Lower Layer InterfaceLLI)FMS
LLI
PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS
(1) DP FMS RS-485
(2) PA IEC 61158-2
(3)

DP FMS

RS-485 PROFIBUS
RS-485
(1)
(2) 9.6Kbit/s12Mbit/s
(3) (EMC)
(4) 32 () 127 ()
(5) 9 D
3. FF
FF
Fisher-Rosemount FoxProABB 80
ISP Honeywell 150 World FIP
1994 9

H1 H2 H1 31.25Kbit/s
1.9kmH2 1Mbit/s
2.5Mbit/s 750m 500m
ISO/OSI
FF

FF FF ISO 27
DDL
174

DCS

175

4. WorldFIP
WorldFIP
WorldFIP 31. 5Kbit/s1Mbit/s 2. 5Mbit/s 1Mbit/s
9 D
1km(Repeater) 5km
WorldFIP Intemet

WorldFIP
IP 16 /

WorldFIP

WorldFIP

(8B128B)
256
1/2( 1/32/3)

()

WorldFIP

WorldFIP
() 8 1632
48 128 256 WorldFip
CPU
(1D)
PDU

CRC

175

176

10101010 11
11
1
8 1Mbit/s
10s70s 8 200Kbit/s
300Kbit/s 128 800Kbit/s
1bit/s 10ms 5ms 5ms
5ms 23 8 4 128
250 16 4000
2s
5. ControlNet
ControlNet Rockwell Automation
1995 10 1997 7 Rockwell 22 ControlNet
ControlNet ()
50 ABBHoneywell Inc Omron
ControlNet
(1)
/
(2) //

(3) 6km 99 1 000m

(4)
6. DeviceNet CAN
DeviceNet() 20 90 CAN
DeviceNet
ISO

DeviceNet CAN
CAN

CAN
0
0
11

176

DCS

177

CAN2.0 1.1 (2.0a) 29(2.0b)DeviceNet

11 2032

DeviceNet DeviceNet
M/S DeviceNet
CAN
DeviceNet

DeviceNet

DeviceNet

DeviceNet
7. LonWorks
LonWorks (Neuronchip)

(1) LonWorks (Neuron )

ISO/OSI 34 I/O
(2) CSMALonWorks Predictive P-Persistant CSMA

(3) LonWorks

(4) LonWorks 0228

(5) LonWorks 1.25Mbit/s( 130m)
(6) LonWorks 32 000
(7) LonWorks 2 700m(78Kbit/s)
(8)
(9) LON-WEB Internet
8. Modbus
Modbus
Modbus
177

178

Modbus

Modbus Modbus

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4

178

 6 DCS
DCS DCS DCS

DCS

6.1 DCS
R(t)(t)
(MTBF)(MTTR)
6.1.1 R(t)
1.

()
()()
N 0
t N f (t)
R(t ) = N f (t ) / N 0

(0R(t)1)

R(t) N 0 N f (t) N 0 R(t)

R(t)

R(t)
1
5 R(t)
2.

(1) Rs
n

Rs = R1 R2 R3 Rn = Ri
i =1

(6-1)

180

R1 R2 R3 Rn
(2)
RP
R p = 1 (1 R1 )(1 R2 )(1 R3 ) (1 Rn )
(6-2)

= 1 (1 Ri )
i =1

(1 R1 ) (1 R2 ) (1 R3 ) (1 Rn )
r
RP = 1 (1 r )n
6-1 rn
r=0.9 2 3 RP 0.99
n>2
n=2
6-1
r

0.60

0.70

0.90

0.840

0.910

0.990

0.930

0.973

0.999

6.1.2 (t)
(t) t t

R(t ) R(t + t )
t
(t ) =
R (t )

(t ) =

1
dR(t )

R(t )
dt

(6-3)

(t) 0t
t

(t )dt = ln( R(t ))

0

R (t )

(6-4)

( t )dt
R(t ) = e 0

(6-5)

(t) 1/h t
(6-3) R(t)(t)
(t) t 6.1
3
(1) (t) t

180

DCS

181

(2) (t)

(3) (t)

(t)
(6-5)
R(t ) = e t = exp( t )
(6-6)

6.1

(6-6)
[6]=1/1000 50h100h1000h
50
R(50) = exp(
) = 0.951
1000
100
) = 0.905
R(100) = exp(
1000
R(1000) = exp(1) = 0.368
(6-6) R(t) t

Fit(Failure Unit),1Fit=10-9/h 1h
10-9 10-9 1h
0.110-6/h110-6/h 6 L
0.110-7/h110-7/h 7 L
0.110-8/h110-8/h 8 L
0.110-9/h110-9/h 9 L

181

182

6.1.3 (MTBF)

(Mean Time Between FailureMTBF) ti

(6-7)
n

ti

i=123n
n
MTBF
MTBF (h) =

i =1

(6-7)

6.1.4 (MTTR)
(Mean Time To RepairMTTR)

MTTR(h) =

ti
i =1

i=123n

(6-8)

ti
MTTR MTBFMTBF MTTR
6.1.5 m
t R(t)
m R(t)
m=

(6-9)

R(t )dt

R(t)=et
+

m = e t dt =

(6-10)

m (Mean Time To
FailureMTTF) m (MTBF)
DCS m MTBF
6.1.6 A

1.
A(t)

A(t ) =
182

e ( + p )t , p = (0, 0) = 1

(6-11)

DCS

183

1
;
MTBF
1
=

MTTR

2.

3.

(6-11) A()

MTBF
A() =
=
+ MTBF + MTTR
MTBF MTTR

A=A1 A 2 A 3An

A =1[(1A 1)(1A 2)(1A 3)(1A n)]

A1A2An

6.2

A (MTBF)
(MTTR)

6.2.1

(1)

(2)
(3)
9
10 5109
0
125 10 15min 30s 25100
183

184

MTBF

6.2.2

6.2.3

1.

(
)()
(1)
0.90

184

DCS

185

RP = 1 (1 R1 )(1 R2 ) = 0.99

RP (t ) = e 1t + e 2t e ( 1 + 2 )t
Rp(t) 0

1 1
1
MTBF = Rs (t )d(t ) = +
0
1 2 1 + 2
3
1 =2 = MTBF =
2
1.5
23

(2)
11 n1

11 Ri = e t

Rb (t ) = e t (1 + t )

A=

n
2 + n +
A= 2
+ n + n (n + )
11

(3)

3 2
3
3
R3,2 (t ) = e 3t + (1 e t )e 2t = 3e 2t 2e3t
0
1

2.

(1)

(2)
1/2
(3) 6.2
2
3 11 4 3 2
185

186

6.2

Ri = e t R = 2e t e2t 11
Ri = e t (1 + t ) 3 2 R = 3e 2 t 2e 3t 6.2
3 2 t1.44/

t1/

3.

4.

(1) ( n 1
)1
001100 00110011
00110000
1

6-2
186

DCS

187

()

6-2

(2)
n F(x) xm(m ) m
G(x)( 2 ) R(x) F(x)
G(x)
110101 F(x)=x5+x4+x2+1, G(x)=x2+1(102)2
F(x)x2/G(x =(x 7+x6+x4+x2)/(x2+1)=(x5+x4+x3+x+1)(x+1) 11
11010111 101TDC-3000 BASIC 31
HW 5 BCH
F(x) G(x) G(x)
(x5+x4+x2+
x+1)(x2+1)=x7+x6+x5+1 11100001
G(x) 2
5.

(1)

(2)

(3) 3

187

188

6.

99.999 903%
99.99 643%

7.

DCS

CRT

(1) RAM RAM

RAM RAM
AAH 55HA
10105 0101AAH 55H
RAM 10
RAM

RAM
1 RAM
(2) ROM ROM
ROM
ROM
ROM
(3)

188

DCS

189

01

6.3 DCS
6.3.1

1.

safe security
(1) (functional safety)
( IEC 61508 )(safety sys-tems)
(Safety Related Systems)

(2) (personal safety)

(3) (information security)

2.

3.

IEC 61508

(1)
189

190

(2)

(inherent
safety)

(safety related system)

(safety functions)
(1) (hazard analysis)
(2) degree of safety
(risk assessment)

4.

6.3

6.3

1)

(product liability law)

(1)
190

DCS

191

(2)

2)

CE
CE
3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

UL GS
BS CSA NF IMQ

UL GS

CE

191

192

CE CE

4)

CE
(1)

(2)

GOST-R CCC

5)
6-3
6-3

192

CE

CE

E-Mark

Key-Mark

ENEC

VDE

TUV

MPRII

ISO9241

ECO

BS

LCIE

IMQ

KEMA

S-Mark

Nordic

TCO

GOST-R

PCBC

EZU

MEEI

DCS

193
()

UL

CSA

FCC

NOM

IRAM

K-Mark

PSB

CCC

3C

SABS

5.
1)

200 3 000 10 000

3
(1) IP

IP

(2)

(3)

2)

193

194

GB l78591999

GB l7859

6.4

6.4

(1) TCSEC TCSEC

ABCD 27 D
C B A

(2) CCCC 11
FAU
FCO
FCS
FDP
FIA
FMT
FPR
FPT TFS
FAU
FTA TOE
FTP /
(EALs)
EALl
194

DCS

195

EAL2
EAL3
EAL4
EAL5
EAL6
EAL7
6-4
6-4
CC

TCSEC

ITSEC

E0

EAL1

EAL2

C1

E1

EAL3

C2

E2

EAL4

B1

E3

EAL5

B2

E4

EAL6

B3

E5

EAL7

A1

E6

3)

(1)

(2) VPN
VPN

(3)

(4) (CA)
CA
(5) IC IC

IC

195

196

(6)

(7) WWW
FTP SMTP

ISA 2004
ISATR 99.00.012004Security Technologies for Manufacturing and Control Systems
ISATR 99.00.022004Integrating Electronic Security into the Manufacturing and Control
Systems Environment
6.3.2

(EMC)

1.

052.3
()
5152540556580
4047.6
4055
60 7085100125150200

(1)

(2)
PLC DCS IEC 611312
540 555 IEC 6065411993
A 2025 B
540() C 2555 D 5040

() 070
408555125
IEC 606541:1993( GB/T 17214.1
1998 l ) ISA71.011985
196

DCS

197

Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control SystemsTemperature and

Humidity

2.

(r)(rs)

(Non-condensing)

(1) 65%
(2)
5%10%15%50%75%85%95%100%
IEC 60654-1:1993( GB/ T
17214.11998 1 :) ISA 71.01
1985Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control SystemsTemperature
and Humidity

3.
( 100m 1%)
( 100m 0.21)
3 000m
= 0(g=9.806 65) 760mmHg
=1.359511049.806 650.76=101 325(Pa) 100m
5mmHg(0.67kPa)

4.
(Vibration)

DCS IEC 60653431983

3 ( GB/T 17214.32000)
(8Hz9Hz)(48Hz62Hz)
197

198

0.1g0.2g0.5g1g2g3g5g
0.35mm15mm
(Shock)DCS
IEC 60654-3
25mm50mm100mm250mm
500mm1000mm2500mm5000mm 10000mm

5.
IEC 60529( GB 42081993)

NEMA 250UL 50 508CSAC 22.2No.94-M91

IEC 60529 IP (International ProtectionIP) IP

IP55IEC 60529/IP
6-5 6-6
6-5

IEC 60529/IP

50mm

12mm

15

2.5mm

60

1mm

6-6
NEMA

UL

CSA

IEC 60529/IP

IP23

IP30

IP64

3R

3R

3R

IP32

IP66

4X

4X

4X

IP66

IP67

12

12

12

IP55

13

13

13

IP65

198

DCS

199

6.
IEC 60654-41987

<5/g/kg 50/g/kg 500g/kg

500g/kg
0.5km
0.5 km
IEC 60654-41987

IEC 654-41987( JB/T 9237.11999)

4
ISA-71.041985Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and Control
SystemsAirborne Contaminants
7.

(National Electric CodeNEC NFPA

) NEC 500 NEC 505

(1) (National Fire Protection AssociationNFPA)

(2) (Underwriters LaboratoriesUL)
(3) (Factory MutualFM)
(4) (Instrumentation Systems and Automation SocietyISA)
UL FM
(Canadian Standards Association
CSA)
(CENELEC)
IEC 60079
GB 3836
(National Supervision and Inspection Center for Explosion
Protection and Safety of InstrumentationNESPI)
6-7
199

200
6-7
IEC

EN 50014 IEC 60079-0

EN 50015 IEC 60079-6

EN 50016 IEC 60079-2

EN 50017 IEC 60079-5

FM UL

ANSI/ISA

FM 3600

ANSI/

FM 3810

ISAS 12.0.01
UL2279

ANSI/

Pt.6

ISAS 12.26.01

FM 3620 NFPA 496

EN 50018 IEC 60079-1

ANSI/

Pt.5

ISAS 12.25.01

FM 3615 Pt.1
UL 1203

EN 50019 IEC 60079-7

EN 50020
EN 50039

IEC 60079-11

EN 50021 IEC 60079-15

EN 50028 IEC 60079-18

ISAS 12.22.01
ANSI/

Pt.7

ISAS 12.16.01

FM 3610 Pt.11
UL 913
FM 3611

ANSI/

UL 2279,

UL 2279,

CSA 79-0-95

GB 3836.1

CSA 79-E79-6 GB 3836.6

CSA 79-E79-2 GB 3836.5

UL 2279,

UL 2279,

CSA

pr ANSI/
ISAS 12.02.01

UL 2279,

prANSI/

Pt.15

ISAS 12.12.01

UL 2279,

ANSI/

Pt.18

ISAS 12.23.01

CSA 79-E79-5 GB 3836.7

CSA 79-E79-1 GB 3836.2

CSA 79-E79-7 GB 3836.3

CSA 79-E79-11 GB 3836.4

CSA 79-E79-15 GB 3836.8

CSA 79-E79-18 GB 3836.9

GB 3836
(1)
I

(2) () I A
BC , AB ABC
(3)
ITI(300450)T2(200300)T3(135200)T4
(100135)T5(85100) T6( 85)
T11(200270)T12(140200) T13( 140)
(4)
dpe
qminh
ia ib ia
(5)
200

DCS

201

dIIBT3
200iaIIAT5 ia
100
(intrinsic safety)(intrinsic safety barrier)

6.3.3

1.
DCS (EMC)

(1) (Electro Magnetic CompatibilityEMC)

(2) (Disturbance)
(3) (Interference)
(4)
(5) ()(emission)
(6)
(7) (RadiatedEmission)
(8) (ConductedEmission)

(9)
()
1)

(1) ( 10MHz)( 10MHz)

(2)

DCS
()
DCS ()
(1) ()

()

220V

201

202

6.5 AB
en AB

6.5

(2)
,

(3) (
)

(4)

2)

(1)
(2)
(3)

2.
1934 IEC ( CISPR)

1979 IEC C65 () WG4

, 1984 IEC 801
1989 89/336/EEC 1995
202

DCS

203

1990 IECTC77() IEC 801

IEC 801 IEC 61000-4
(FCC) EMC
(DCS
)
6.6

6.6

(Emission/Disturbance)
IEC61000-6-4
(Irnmumty) IEC 61000- 6-2

(Basic Standards)
IEC 61000-4
(GenericStandards)
IEC61000-6
(Product Family Standards)
GB/T 176181998(idt CISPR 241997)

(Product Specific Standards)

PLC IEC
61131-2
IEC 6l000
IEC 61000-1
203

204

IEC 61000-2
IEC 61000-3
IEC 61000-4
IEC 61000-5
IEC 61000-6
IEC 61000-4 DCS IEC
61000-4 IEC 801 6-8
6-8

IEC 61000-4 IEC 801

IEC 801

IEC 61000-4 (GB/T 17626 )

(GB/T 13926 )

IEC 61000-4-1

IEC 801-1

IEC 61000-4-2

IEC 801-2

IEC 61000-4-3

IEC 801-3

IEC 61000-4-4

IEC 801-4

IEC 61000-4-5

IEC 801-5

IEC 61000-4-6

IEC 801-6

IEC6 1000-4-11

DCS
(1ight industry)(Information Technology EquipmentITE)
CISPR 24 CISPR 22

GB/T 176181998(idt CISPR 241997)

GB 92541998(idt CISPR221997)
CISPR 24 IEC 61000-4 (
GB/T 17626 1998)
DCS IEC 61000-4
DCS 6-8 IEC 61000-4 2
2002 IEC EMC
IEC 613262002( IEC 61326-11997 1998 2000 )
IEC 61004
GB/T 176181998 6-9
GB/T 176181998
A
B

C
()
204

6
6-9

DCS

205

GB/T176181998 1

GB/T176181998 2

GB/T176181998 3

()

GB/T176181998 4

GB/T176181998 5

GB/T176181998 7

B C

3.

6.3.4

1.

1)
(1)

(PE)(PEN)

(2)
(3)

(4)

2)
(1) (
)

(2)

205

206

(3)
(4)

DCS

2mA7mA
2mA10mA20mA25mA
25mA80mA 25s30s
80 mA100mA 0.1s0.3s
20mA

M
1k1.5k
2k
50V

(PE)(PEN)
(PE)
()

4
(PEN)

()

GB 140501993

GB l4050 ITWITN 3 TN
TN-CTN-S TN-C-S 3
T()I
()
T(
)N
C
S
(1)
206

DCS

207

(2) DCS

(3)

6.7

6.7

6.8
(1) TT 220VAC
DCS (L)(N)(E):5
(
DCS )(
)
ECS ( 6.8 G1 ) PC
G1PC 5V
PC
(2) ()
DCS (Gl )

( 1M)

207

208

6.8

DCS

(3) (AG) AG
1DCS AG
AG
G1 DCS
AG 11
(4) 6.7 6.7
BED B E
D
D E D 10V
A 24V A D 34V
A E

D B(E)
D B D B

D B
(5) DCS DCS (G1 )
G1 DCS (G2) G2

IX5 (
) 151n
208

DCS

209

(1)
DCS (
)
DCS
AG 1
41PG CG 4(
) 6.9

6.9

DCS

DCS
(
)

2.

209

210

A/D
A/D
()
() DC/DC
1)
(1)

()

6.10(a) 6.10(b)

6.10

6.10(a)C12
U1C U2CC2E
U2C
U2C=UlCC12/(C12 C2E)
6.10(b) C10C20
ZE C2E
U2C
U2C=[UlCZE/(ZE +1/jC10)[C2E/(C20 C2E)]
ZE  (jCl0) U2C0

(2)
210

DCS

211

6.11(a)( DC/DC )
6.11(b)

6.11

2)

(1)
6.12(a)
(2) 4mA20mA/0V5V/0V10V/mV
6.12(b)

6.12

3)

(1)
6.13
2.5kV 8kV
( 10MHz)
(2)

211

212

6.13

1kHz1 00lMHz 6.14

( 100kHz)

(3)

6.15
6.14

6.15

3.

1/4
DCS
(100kHz )
Profibus-DP
212

DCS

213

(1)
(2)
()

()

()
()(RS-232RS-485 )
()

()//

(AC 220V/380V)
,,
()

4.
6.16
6.16
( 6.16 ) 6.16

6.16

6.3.5

IEC 61508 6.17

IEC 61508 (SIL1SIL4),
6-10
213

214

6.17
6-10

IEC 61508

(Safety Integrity LevelSIL)

IEC 61508

()

()

10 10

-4

10-910-8

10-410-3

10-810-7

10-310-2

10-710-6

10-210-1

10-610-5

-5

(low Demand Mode)

()
(high demand Or Continuous mode)
()
SIL ( TUV )

(1) SiemensTelepermXS

SIL3

(2) Bently Nevada3500

SIL 3

IEC 61508 IEC 61511 Functional Safety:Safety

Instrumented Systems for the process industry sector(

)

214

DCS

215

(1) R(t) (t )
(MTBF)(MTTR)
(2)

(3)

6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4

215

DCS

DCS

7.1 DCS
3
7.1.1
()
DCS

7.1.2
1. DCS
DCS
1) DCS
DCS
DCS DCS DCS
DCS
DCS DCS

DCS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DCS
DCS

 7 DCS

217

2) DCS
DCS DCS

DCS DCS DCS

DCS
3) DCS
DCS
(1)
(2)
(3) DCS DCS
2. DCS
1)
DCS DCS

(1) I/O I/O

(2) DCS DCS I/O
DCS I/O DCS
DCS DCS
DCS

2)

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
3.

DCS

(1) (
)
217

218

(2)
(3)
(4)
7.1.3
DCS
( DCS ) DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS DCS

DCS
DCS

1. DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS

1) (/)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2) (/)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3)
(1)

(2)
(3)

218

 7 DCS

219

(4)
(5)
(6)
4)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
2. DCS
1)
DCS

(1)
(2)
(3) (
)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

(1)
(2)

219

220

()

DCS DCS

DCS

DCS

DCS
DCS

7-1

DCS DCS

2)

DCS DCS
DCS
23

(1) DCS DCS

()
DCS
(2)
220

 7 DCS

221

DCS
(3)

(4)
()
I/O

(5) DCS

(6) DCS
()

(7)

(8)
()()

3)
DCS
DCS

(1)
(2)

(3)
DCS

DCS

221

222
7-1

10t
10t

LIC101
1
LT101
PIC101
2

()

M102

FT101
FIQ102
FT102

PIC103
PT103
P103

(15mm30 mm)

150 mm

0MPa2.5MPa 2.5MPa ( 1.57MPa)

4kW

-100Pa0Pa

-100Pa 0Pa(
-100Pa100Pa)

45kW

01300

1300

12T/h

612T/h DN150

14m3

8 m314m3 DN50

EV102

0kPa4kPa

0kPa4kPa

()

PT102

FIQ101

M101

TT101
5

TIA102

PT101

PIC102
3

100%(4mA
20mA)

30kg

(2

30kW

TT102

0600

TT103

0400

TT104

0300

TT105

0150

TT106

0200

TT107

0150

TT108

0300

8
PT103
222

0kPa6kPa

 7 DCS

223
()

10t

OIC101
9

OT101
M103

()

20%(V/V)

()

18.5kW

10

11

PT104

0Pa600Pa

PT105

0Pa600Pa

PT106

0Pa600Pa

PT107

0kPa2.5kPa

13
PP109

(
)

14
LE110

(4) DCS

(5) / DCS

/()

(6) DCS DCS

UPS UPS
DCS

(7) DCS

4) DCS
(1) I/O
(2)
(3)
223

224

DCS DCS

7.2 DCS
7.2.1
DCS ()
DCS

1.
DCS
(1) DCS
DCS
(2)
(3)
(4)
2.

DCS ()
()

1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2)
(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5) (
224

 7 DCS

225

)
(6)
3.

I/O :
(1) ()

(2)
(3)
4.
1)

(1)
1mm2
(2)
1mm2()
()
(3)
(4)
2)
(1)

(2)
(3)

pH

(4)
150mm
7-2
7-2

/mm

125V10A

300

250V50A

450

440V200A

600

6300V800A

1200
225

226

(5)
() 7.1

7.1

(6)
10%15%
3)

DCS 1000
1000
DCS DCS

(1)
I/O

(2)
(AIAODIDO)
/

/




(a) (
)
(b) I/O

226

 7 DCS

227

5.
1)
(1)

(2) I/O
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

(11) CRT
(12)
2)
(1)

(2)
I/O
6.

DCS

1) DCS
DCS
(1) I/O
(2)
227

228

(3)
(4)
(5)

(6)
(7) PID

(8)
2)
(1)

()

I/O

()
()
///

(2)
I/O

()
()

(a)

(b)

(c)

228

 7 DCS

229

(d)
()

()
()
()(
)

DCS DCS

3)
DCS DCS

()

DCS

(1)

(2) DCS

229

230

PID PID
PID PID
PID PID
PID
PID


()
PID

()

DCS

()
4)
(1)

CRT (
)
()

(2)
()

(3)

(4)

(5)
(6)

7.2.2

DCS
230

 7 DCS

231

DCS
DCS

DCS

1.
(1) DCS
(2) DCS
(3)
2.
DCS
DCS

DCS
DCS
3.
DCS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

4.

5.

( XXX XX
XX )
6.

DCS

231

232

7. DCS
DCS

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) ()

7.2.3

DCS

1.

1)

(1)
(2)
(3)
DCS
DCS

2) DCS
DCS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
()

3)

(1)
(2)
232

 7 DCS

233

(3) COM1
(4)
4)

(1) ()(
)
(2) ()()

(3)
(4)
(5)

2.
1)
()(
) DCS
DCS
DC24V

2)
220V 10A
150mm 220V 10A
600mm

3)
(AI/AO)
DCS
DI

4)

233

234

DCS
3.

1)
I/O
CRT

DCS
2)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
3) I/O

(1) 4mA20mA

(2)

4) I/O

(1)
(2)
(3) AO (DCS )
200300/0.125W 0.1F1F/400VAC
(4) DCS

(5)

4. DCS
DCS
DCS
DCS
(1)
DCS
234

 7 DCS

235

(2) DCS
DCS
DCS
OPC
DCS

7.3 MACS
1.
17g

7.2

7.2
235

236

4%5%
3.6%

2.5%

2.
HOLLiAS-MACS
PROFIBUS-DP
I/O
(AIAODIDO)
DCS
1# DCS 2# DCS
OMRON PROFIBUS-DP
FM801 150W FM911 2
FM801 2 8 FM148A 6 6 FM151
4 16 4 16 FM171 3 1#
FM911 AI FM148A 7 AO FM151 5
DI 5 DO FM171 3 3# FM911
AI FM148A AO FM151 3 DI 1 DO FM171
1 7.3

7.3

236

 7 DCS

237

1#
1#
PLC
3.
HOLLiAS FacView ConMaker
Windows2000/Professional

ConMaker
ConMaker
IEC 61131-3
(IL)(LD)(FBD)(SFC)
(ST)

ConMaker (FBD)
13
13 PID HSPID

9 PID HSPID
PID
(LD) ConMaker

ConMaker

FacView
13
7.4
7.5

BMP
I/O

237

238

7.4

7.5 2
238

 7 DCS

239

FacView ConMaker
4.

HOLLiAS-MACS HOLLiAS-MACS

7.4

PCS7

1.
10t 7.6
7-1

7.6

10t

(1)

FIQ102

LIC101

239

240

(2)

PID PIC101
(3)

PID PIC102

30%50%
50%

(4)

OIC101
(5)

PID PIC103

(6) FIQ101 FIQ102

(7) TIA101 TIA102 TIA103

2.
SIMATIC S7-300PLC
240

 7 DCS

241

SIMATIC WinCC
7.7
S7-300PLC

7.7 10t

3.
(1) MPI
187.5Kbit/s12Mbit/s 32
WinCC
PLC WinCC

WinCC PLC 7.8

7.8

(2)

(3) WinCC
241

242

WinCC

(4) WinCC WinCC

(5) WinCC Excel

7.5 PlantScape MTBE

1.
(methyl t-butyl ether)
1995 MTBE 3537.5 / 2000
MTBE 7580 /
3 MTBE
HONEYWELL Plantscape

2.
(V-01V-02)(P-01P-02)
(R-01)(E-01) 3540
(R-02) MTBE (T-01)
(E-04)(E-03)(V-03)
(P-03)(T-02) MTBE (E-02)
MTBE (E-05) MTBE (V-05)
(P-06)
3.
27 35 50

HONEYWELL Plantscape

I/O 7.9

242

 7 DCS

Digital output

Digital output

Digital output

Analog output

Module

Analog output

Interface

Analog output

Redundancy

Analog output

Analog input
Analog input

Net

Analog input

Analog input
Analog input

Analog input

Net Interface

Processor

Net interface

Interface

Power

Control

power

power

Power

Net

243

7.9 I/O

4.
1)
(1)
1mol 1mol 1mol MTBE

(2)

(3) MTBE

2)
(1) 7.10
(2) 7.11
C[1] RATIO.SWITCH4.OP/100-FICQ102.FI102.PV*RATIO.VALUE.PV*32/56
C[2] RATIO.SWITCH4.OP/100-FICQ102.FI102.PV/56
P[2][FICQ101.FI101.PV/32]/[RATIO.SWITCH4.OP/100-FICQ102.FI102.PV/56]

3)

(1)
301Reaction

System

302Priduct

System
243

244

303Recycle
System
304Utility
System
305Flare
System
306Totalizer
operate
display
307MTBE plant overview 308Loop
310Overview
PV

SP
REGCTL.PID

IOCHANNEL: AICHANNEL

NORMMODE

PIDA

NORMMODE

AUTO

FI 101

OP

PV
P1

P(1)
DATAACQ:

REGCTL.PID
SP
NORMMODE

IOCHANNEL:

0
PV

AOCHANNEL

TIC101FIC101

(trend)

IOCHANNEL

ALL

P1 FLLTTIUR

AUTO
PV
OP

7.10

(2)
(group)
4

PVSRCOPT

PIDB

NORMMODE

DATAACQ

P(1)

AT101

(alarm)

C(1)

AUXILIARY
AUXCALC14
PV

C[1]

PV
PV
P1
DACAACQ
PVH

DACA

PVL

PVSRCOPT

PVS

PVEULO

IN[1]
IN[2]

LOGIC.OR

OUT

OR5

IN[3]
IN[4]

IN[1]
UTILITY.FLAG
FLAG13

PV.FL

IN[2]

SO
LOGIC.AND

OUT

AND

IOCHANNEL
DOCHANNEL4
DOTYPE

7.11

244

SO

 7 DCS

245

UTILITY.NUMBER
VALUE1

AIR101.DACA.PV

PV
FICQ102.FI102.PV

X[1]

X[2]

SWITCH4

P[2]

NORMMODE

CDA

NORMMODEATTR
CTLEQN

C[1]

AUXILIARY.AUXC.ALC

P[3]
EQA

PVSRC

C[1]

PVSTSSRC

TRACKING

CV

C[2]

CSTS[1]

P[4]

P[2]

PV

P[1]

C[3]

UTILITY.NUMBER
PV
VALUE

7.11

5.
MTBE 2000 10

(1) DCS
DCS
(2) DCS

(3)

(4) DCS

245

246

DCS
(5) DCS
DCS

7-1 DCS
7-2 DCS DCS

7-3
7-4 PCS7 7-1 7.7

7-5 4 DCS

246

DCS

DCS
1.

1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2)

(1)
(2)
(3)
3)
DCS

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
4)
DCS
5)

248

2.
DCS

UPS
10%

3.
1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
2)

DCS

248

DCS

DCS

DCS

DCS
DCS


[1] . (DCS). 2004.
[2] . . 2005.
[3] . . 2000.
[4] . . 2003.
[5] . . 2003.
[6] . . 2003.
[7] . . 2006.
[8] . . 2004.
[9] . . 1999.
[10] . . 1992.
[11] . Hollysys SmartPro. .2004.