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Ulf-Peter Gran
Energy harvesting in bioenergy forest - MTH unit for multi-stem delimbing - Downy birch stands (MTH = Multi-Tree Handling)
Ulf-Peter Gran
Contents
Right equipments and good wood biomass for better end products
Small-scale CHP options
Future efforts for Bioenergy Solutions takes place on many fronts, in a rough division of activities taking place in these organizations;
Universities and university centres R & D in both basic and applied research applied research
Innovation and development centres Development and some applied research Activities agriculture and counseling
Heat
(kWth)
Some pick out areas of interest for Bioenergy Solutions with an Environmental concerns in development
Power
(kWe)
In rural areas located processing and use of bioenergy Large-scale processing of biomass into biofuels and chemical products Small-scale processing of biomass into biofuels Cooperation on bioenergy processing and use Technical solutions for biomass gasification Development of Energy Cooperative Harvesting and management techniques for different types of biomass
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Heat (kWth)
Power
(kWe)
Logistic solutions for managing biomass from forest and field Interventions for enhancing knowledge Development and utilization of forest resources Development and utilization of agricultural resources Biogas plants and small-scale CHP
Small-scale "Biorefineries"
other .
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Material
Forest raw materials
Sun energy Photosynthesis, 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Process
Product
Energy conversion
Boiler CHP
Available energy
Heat for heating process Electricity Heat Chemicals
Vehicle fuel
Combustion Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis oil
Alcoholic fermentation
- Grass
- Reed Canary grass, hemp - Oilseed - Grain
. . . . . . . . . . .
Alcohol
Biogas production Oil refining Vegetable oil Esterification Biogas production Biogas
(methane gas)
Gas engine + gen. Heat Chemicals Fuel raw materials Technical raw fuel BTL, GTL
Boiler Vegetable oil Biodiesel Gas engine + generator Heat Technical fuel GTL
Heat Oil
Vehicle fuel
Manure and waste - Livestock manure - biological waste Municipal waste - Manure - Process waste
Electricity Heat
Vehicle fuel
Solid fuel
Boiler CHP
Heat
Electricity
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Gasification of forest biomass for heat and power or to fuel or chemical products
Chemical products
Fuels
Purified Bio-Syngas
CHP
Electricity - local heating
Gasification
GTL
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Harvesting Technology
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Logset 4M with roll feed. Through collaboration between the drive rollers and knives make it possible for multi-tree handling at harvest.
Timberjack or JD 745 with extra clamps at the top for multi-treehandling. The unit has a drive on four feed rollers. With Komatsu (Valmet) 350 can also manage multiple trees in the same grip with a skilled driver at the pre-programmed control levers.
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- the harvester head is equipped with multi-treehandling (MTH), and delimbing knives.
Several different models and versions are multi-tree handling and multi-stem delimbing harvester heads that fit the abstraction of quality raw material for pelleting or gasification. The harvested energy wood requires a well organized, natural field drying to maintain quality and get a good wood chips that can be processed into pellets.
Ulf-Peter Gran
Geometric corridors
Stickvg
Stickvg
Drive
SLU Forest Technology's trial in Sweden
SLU = Swedish Agricultural University
Notice the ripped bark Stands of birch wood for energy, gives already within 20 years a good quality of wood chips. Downy birch grows rapidly in moist peat. Harvest of birch with a multi-stem delimbing MTH unit. After a natural field drying over a summer season, you can get a good wood raw material from birch, which could then be chipped, finale-drying for pelletising or gasification.
Ulf-Peter Gran
Bruks-Klockner's mobile wood chipper 805 CT powered by a diesel engine of 330 kW.
LHM Giant is a Finnish large wood chipper for contractors. The chipper is mounted on a four-axle truck. For powering the chipper it has its own 600 hp engine. The hydraulic equipments is powered by the truck engine. The chippers feed table has the capacity of 18 m3. The chipper can easily handle slash bundles or logs, chipping capacity is 120-200 m3 wood chips per hour. Ulf-Peter Gran
Right equipments and good wood biomass for better end products
- For better quality needed skills, accuracy, and proper equipments
Mobile flat bottom wood chip dryer from Swedish Akron, available in two sizes, 15.5 and 32m
Mobile flat bottom dryer, executable made in the hook bin, from the German manufacturer Lauber
Left,
Combustion Experiments
Green parts, small twigs and bark provide poor pellets and creates problems with Coke formation in the pellet burner (top right)
A small pellet plant in operation, SPC (Sweden Power Chippers Ltd); 1. Cyclone for the dried and milled wood chips, 2. The mixing and metering unit, 3. Pellet press, 4. Conveyor up to the condenser, 5. Pellet Cooler, 6. Conveyor to the pellet silo, 7. Pellet silo, 8. Sack-up equipment for small bags, 9. Wrapper for small bags on a pallet, 10. Wood pellets in small bags on a pallet. Ulf-Peter Gran
Schematic diagram of an example of a less pelleting plant: 1. Feed silo for dried wood chips, 2. Transport Screw, 3. Wood chip grinder, 4. Fan Conveyor, 5. Cyclone, 6. Auger with any steam addition, 7. Pellet Press, 8. Elevator, 9. Pellet Cooler, 10. Pellet Conveyor, 11. Big Bag. Ulf-Peter Gran
In rural areas, decentralized CHP units close to raw materials and local customers
- Set requirements for raw material quality for the desired quality of the end product - Choose and customize the equipments so the quality can be achieved
Biomass
Moist wood chips Dry wood chips
Combustion
Harvest
ORC
Heat (kWth)
Power (kWe)
Stirling
Small CHP unit
Stirling
Heat (kWth)
Power (kWe)
Chipping wood
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CHP units with gasification and the use of Bio-Syngas for direct combustion
CHP Unit
Large Boiler Moist wood chips Dry wood chips ORC Steam turbine
Heat (kWth)
Gasification reactor
Combustion
Gasification of biomass
Power (kWe)
Stirling
Small CHP unit
Boiler
Stirling
Heat (kWth)
Combustion
Power (kWe)
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Biomass
from forest
+
Generator
or
Reactor
Power (kWe)
Gasification
of biomass
Bio-Syngas Bio-SNG
Micro turbine
Fuel cell
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Gasification reactor
Moist wood chips
Heat (kWth)
Gasification of biomass
Bio-Syngas
Power (kWe)
Microturbine + generator
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Steam turbine
Large Boiler
ORC
Heat (kWth)
Gasification reactor
Gasification of biomass
Combustion Stirling
Power (kWe)
Heat (kWth)
Purification and Cooling of product gas Bio-Syngas
Gas engine + generator Micro turbine + generator or
Power (kWe)
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Power (kWe)
Wet biomass
Biogas Production - Manure - Bio-waste, etc
Biogas
Specific biomass
Heat (kWth)
Micro turbine + generator
Bacteria
Energy Plants
- Reed canary grass - Hemp, and others
Integration Opportunities
Chips Drying CHP unit (power + heat) Energy Terminals with an integrated management, - Biomass raw materials and - Processed raw materials Gasification of biomass (for heat or cogeneration) Solar energy Geothermal energy Pellet Production Biogas production from agricultural Processing of raw material for motor fuel etc.
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Biogas + Microturbine
Combined Bio-Syngas and biogas + Gas engine or Microturbine
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Biomass
From forest
Power (kWe)
Heat (kWth)
Energy Terminal
Cogeneration
local district heating
Wood biomass Storage section for energy products Sawdust
Stumps
Slashbundles
Wood chips
Fire wood
Wood pellets
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From forest
Solar energy
Geothermal energy
Solar heat
Geother mal
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organic liquid
water
Wood chips
ORC unit
Gasification reactor
Purification and Cooling Product gas Bio-Syngas
Combustion of Bio-Syngas
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Energy Entrepreneurs
Heat / CHP Processing
Handling
Biomass
From forest
Transport
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KWB in Austria and SPM (Stirling Power Module) in Germany has a pellet fired boiler with Stirling engine. The plant unit produces, - 1 kW power and - 15 kW heat.
http://www.kwb.at/en/
www.Stirling.dk
German Maxxtec manufactures ORC, CHP units in sizes between 100 kWe - 2 MWe.
http://www.maxxtec.net/
http://www.turboden.eu/
http://www.gasek.fi/
Eco-village / neighbourhood
Eco-village in Kempele have Volters chips drying and gasification plant. The nominal power output is 35 kWe. Eco-village has its own completely independent off grids power system. A small wind turbines contribute to electricity supply.
Photos by, Ulla Lassi
http://www.volter.fi/
XyloWatt Belgian company has XyloWatt CHP units with duo-diesel. For these Bio-syngas is the main fuel (80-90%). The rest is biodiesel or diesel.
They have CHP units in sizes from 300 kWe and 600 kWth to 1500 kWe / 3000 kWth
http://www.xylowatt.com
Plant size MWe ~ 1 MWe ~20 MWe 30-75 kWe 30-75 kWe
CHP with gas turbine cycle Microturbine CHP plants with diesel and gas engines
(Biogas)
Steam-engine process
CHP on the basis of an ORC process
(Organic Rankine Cycle)
~500 kWe
~500 kWe 10 - 40 kWe ~250 500 kWe ~100 kWe ~25 50 kWe
> 1.500
> 2.300 > 2.400 > 3.900 > 3.000 > 2.500
Stirling engine process Hot air turbine cycle CHP with fuel cell technology CHP Gasifying of Biomass, gas engines
GASEK
CHP via gasification of wood chips CHP unit on Farmari Fair in Kokkola 2009; 50 kWe (power) 100 kWth (heat)
The inventor is Eero Kangasoja and developer Yrj Muilu
CCM-Power
CCM-Power - pilot gasifier
CCM-Power is now part of the company GASEK Ltd Heikki Majava and Leo Ruokamo Pilot unit for gasification
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Draft by CCM-Power
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Volter Oy
Eco-village
(or Eco-blocks)
In Kempele just south of Oulu - 10 homes receiving electricity and heat from a small-scale CHP unit, by gasification of wood chips - Supplemented with a small wind turbine - Completely independent of the grid - Low-energy houses
Harri Kavanter
Total heat production about 1.7 MWth, and about 300 kWe power, from CHP unit.
Ulf-Peter Gran
HKGBioNear
Toholammin Energia Oy
The new Turboden ORC unit now in use (2013) - 8,2 MWth (heat) - 1,3 MWe (power)
The combustion of wood chips and peat in a Vapor bubble bed boiler and ORC CPH unit from Turboden
Vapor Finland Oy
Vapor has its manufacturing units, in Nivala, and Kiuruvesi.
Development of wood gasifiers underway