B8 Diet and Health

A balanced diet contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water. Food Group Carbohydrates: Starchy foods Sugary foods Proteins Fats Fibre Vitamins Minerals Water Function Primary source of energy Long Term Short term Growth and Repair, Antibodies, Enzymes, Hormones, Body building Store of energy Insulation Protects organs Assists in the digestion of food and production of faeces by adding bulk General good health General good health Chemical reactions Waste removal Solvent Rich Food Source Liver, Spinach Milk Citrus Fruits Fish oil, butter, made naturally in body in sunlight Use in Body Helps to make haemoglobin for Red blood cells Strong bones and teeth Tissue repair Immunity Strong bones and teeth Good Source Potatoes Pasta/Rice Sweets/Cakes Meat/Fish Eggs/Cheese Beans Butter Cream/Milk Fruit and Vegetables Cereals Nuts and grains Vitamin C - Citrus Fruits Vitamin D Fish oil, dairy Iron - Liver, Spinach Calcium Milk Drinks Fruit and Vegetables Deficiency Disease Anaemia Soft bones Scurvy Rickets

Name Iron Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin D

Dietary Problem Kwashiorkor Anaemia Rickets Scurvy Anorexia Obesity

Cause Too little protein Too little iron Too little Vitamin D Too little Vitamin C Too little food Too much fat

Effects Bloated stomach and poor growth Dizzy/Fainting Very pale Soft bones Bleeding gums Poor immunity Severe weight loss Menstruation stops Vitamin deficiencies Overweight Heart disease

Cure Eat more protein-rich foods Mineral supplements Eat iron-rich food Vitamin supplements Eat correct food Eat correct food Vitamin supplements Eat more food Balanced diet Psychological help Exercise Low fat diet

The amount of food that you need a day depends upon how much energy you use. Generally Energy Input = Energy Output

Most of this energy input is provided by carbohydrates and fats. The amount of energy required depends upon: 1. Age 4. Body Size 2. Gender 5. Growth/Puberty 3. Activity 6. Pregnancy

World Food Supply

Primary Problem There is a serious lack of variety and amount of food in poor countries mainly because of the unequal sharing of food, wastage, growing the wrong kind of crops, soil abuse, and soil erosion. Nonetheless, there are various ways to solve this problem including irrigation schemes, food aid, changing agricultural techniques (i.e. cover crops to reduce erosion, terracing), organic farming, stop growing cash cropsetc.

Tests
Starch 1. Half fill a test tube with test solution/food. 2. Add a few drops of iodine solution Negative Yellow/Brown Positive Black/Blue Reducing Sugar 1. Place some test solution/food in a test tube. 2. Add a few drops of Benedicts solution. 3. Heat at approximately 90C for 5 minutes. Negative Blue Positive Red/Orange/Yellow Protein 1. Add Biuret reagent (Add a few drops of Copper sulphate to the test solution/food then add a few drops of sodium hydroxide) Negative Blue Positive Purple Fat 1. Place some test solution/food in a test tube. 2. Add a few drops of ethanol. 3. Shake gently. 4. Add a few drops of water. 5. Shake again. Negative - Colorless Positive - Cloudy