Continuous Probability Distribution

Uniform Probability Distribution

Normal Probability Distribution
Standard Normal Probability Distribution
NORMDIST Excel function
NORMINV Excel function
NORMSDIST Excel function
NORMSINV Excel function
Exponential Probability Distribution
EXPONDIST Excel function
Relationship between Poisson and Exponential Probability Distributions

n
p
X
Comparative
Operator
Result
BINOMDIST

10
0.5
4

Binomial Distribution, n = 10 p = 0.5 P(X<=4)

P(X<=4) = 0.3770

<=
Binomial
Distribution, n = 10 p = 0.5
<=4
P(X<=4)
0.376953

0.3

X 0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

0
1
2
3
4
5
0 6
7
8
9
10

p(x)
0.000977
0.009766
0.043945
0.117188
0.205078
0.246094
10.205078
2
0.117188
0.043945
0.009766
0.000977

P(X<=4)
0.000977
0.009766
0.043945
0.117188
0.205078
3

5
x

10

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 80 2
90

Test Score Category

0 up to 10
10 up to 20
20 up to 30
30 up to 40
15
40 up to 50
12
50 up to 60
10
60 up to 70
70 up to 80
80 up to 90
90 up to 100

Frequency

Quiz 4

1
2
22 3
10
18
12 15
15
18
22
2
15
2
0 up to 10 up 20 up 30 up 40 up 50 up 60 up 70 up
10080 up 90 up
10

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
3
90
100

to 20 to 30 to 40 to 50 to 60 to 70 to 80 to 90 to 100
Test Score Category

Quiz 4
20
15
10
10
5
0

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Test Score Category Frequency

0
10 0 up to 10
10
10
20 10 up to 20
10
20
30 20 up to 30
10
30 up
10 80 up 90 up
030up 10 up 40
20 up
30 to
up 40
40 up 50 up 60 up 70 up
to
10
to
20
to
30
to
40
to
50
to
60
to
70
to
80
40
50 40 up to 50
10 to 90 to 100
Test
50
60 50 up to
60Score Category
10
60
70 60 up to 70
10
70
80 70 up to 80
10
80
90 80 up to 90
10
90
100 90 up to 100
10
100

Driving Distance for the top 100

f(x) =
golfers on the PGA tour (2003)
height
Distribution is Uniform
0.0386
Lower
284.7 yards
Upper
310.6 yards
Difference = width
25.9 yards
285
Probability Density function of
driving distances:
F(x) = 1/(310.6-284.7) = 1/25.9
for interval 284.7 <= x <= 310.6 and
0 elsewhere.
height = f(x) = 1/(b-a)
0.03861

311
b - a = width = 310.6 - 284.7 =
25.9

Formulas:
Area = Probability
All probability = 1
Area = width * height
1 = width * height
height = 1/width
height = Probability Density function = f(x) = 1/(b-a)
P(x1<=x<=x2 ) = (x2-x1)*1/(b-a)
P(x1<=x<=x2 ) = P(x1<x<x2 ) because lines have no area
Mean = (a+ b)/2
SD = SQRT((b-a)^2/12)

unction = f(x) = 1/(b-a)

cause lines have no area

Driving Distance for the top 100 golfers on the PGA tour
(2003)
Distribution is Uniform
Lower
284.7 yards
Upper
310.6 yards
Difference = width
yards
Probability Density function of driving distances:
F(x) = 1/(310.6-284.7) = 1/25.9
for interval 284.7 <= x <= 310.6 and 0 elsewhere.
height = f(x) = 1/(b-a)
What is probability of one of the golfers driving less than f(x) =
290 yards?
height
X1
284.7 0.0386
X2
290
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
P(X<290) = (290 - 284.7)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)
284.7

290

284.7

290

284.7

290

What is probability of one of the golfers driving more

f(x) =
than 290 yards?
height
X1
290 0.0386
X2
310.6
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
P(X>310.6) = (310.6 - 290)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)

What is probability of one of the golfers driving between f(x) =

290 and 300?
height
X1
290 0.0386
X2
300
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
P(X>300) = (300 - 290)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)
300

310.6

310.6

Driving Distance for the top 100 golfers on the PGA tour
(2003)
Distribution is Uniform
Lower
284.7 yards
Upper
310.6 yards
Difference = width
25.9 yards

f(x)
1/25.9

Probability Density function of driving distances:

F(x) = 1/(310.6-284.7) = 1/25.9
for interval 284.7 <= x <= 310.6 and 0 elsewhere.
height = f(x) = 1/(b-a)
0.03861

285

290

What is probability of one of the golfers driving less than f(x) =

290 yards?
height
X1
284.7 0.0386
X2
290
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
0.204633
P(X<290) = (290 - 284.7)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)
284.7

290

284.7

290

284.7

290

What is probability of one of the golfers driving more

f(x) =
than 290 yards?
height
X1
290 0.0386
X2
310.6
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
0.795367
P(X>310.6) = (310.6 - 290)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)

What is probability of one of the golfers driving between f(x) =

290 and 300?
height
X1
290 0.0386
X2
300
area = width * height = (X2-X1)*1/(b-a) =
0.3861
P(X>300) = (300 - 290)*1/(310.6 - 284.7)
300

310.6

310.6

310.6

Relative Frequency

Past Quiz Results

Past Quiz Results (Population Data) for Chapter 5 (Probability)
(Population Data) for
0.255 (Probability)
Chapter
Mean = mu =
12.00
label
X = Score
Mean = mu = = 12
12 Median
12.00
0 up to 1
1
Median = 12
0.2
14
Mode
12.00
1
up
to
2
2
Mode = 12
0.00
2 up to 3
3
Skew =14
0 Skew
12 =SD= 2
= sigma =
2.00
3 up to 4
4
0.15
SD = sigma
18
4 up to 5
5
17
Mean = mu = = 12
5 up to 6
6
0.1
17
Median = 12
6 up to 7
7
12
Mode
=
12
7
up
to
8
8
0.05
11
Skew = 0
8 up to 9
9
12
SD
=
sigma
=
=
2
9
up
to
10
10
0
0 up 1 up 2 up 313
up 4 up 5 up 6 up 7 up 8Mean
up 9 up=10
up 11
12 up 13 up 14 up
15 up 16 up
up
18
mu
= up
= 12Median
= 12Mode
1017=up
12Skew
toup1119 up= 0SD = sigma
11 = = 2
to 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 to 6 to 7 to 8 to 9 to 10 to 11 to 12 to 13 to 14 to 15 to 16 to 17 to 18 to 19 to 20
12
11 up to 12
12
X = Score
10
12 up to 13
13
12
13 up to 14
14
14
14 up to 15
15
12
15 up to 16
16
6
16 up to 17
17
13
17 up to 18
18
11
18 up to 19
19
13
19 up to 20
20
12
7
11
16
14
15
14
15
14
15
14
15
14
12
14
15
15
14
15
15
14
14
8
12

8
13
13
12
10
13
10
13
12
12
15
13
7
11
12
15
13
12
16
12
12
9
13
12
13
10
14
13
12
14
12
15
11
11
12
13
14
15
11
11
9
11
13
10
10
12
10

12
13
14
16
14
11
10
9
10
11
11
13
12
9
10
15
11
13
9
13
13
11
9
12
13
12
10
11
12
12
11
9
13
10
13
15
11
8
13
14
12
12
9
12
9
9
9

11
12
12
12
12
12
10
11
13
13
10
12
9
11
11
10
9
9
11
10
13
11
10
11
11
11
10

Relative
Frequency Frequency
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 0.006060606
2 0.012121212
3 0.018181818
14 0.084848485
18 0.109090909
26 0.157575758
37 0.224242424
26 0.157575758
18 0.109090909
14 0.084848485
3 0.018181818
2 0.012121212
1 0.006060606
0
0
0
0
165

YforLine
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.006060606
0.012121212
0.018181818
0.084848485
0.109090909
0.157575758
0.224242424
0.157575758
0.109090909
0.084848485
0.018181818
0.012121212
0.006060606
0
0
0

XforLine
0
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.5
18.5
19.5
20.5
21.5
22.5
23.5

mean
SD

12
2

X = Score
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3

Relative
Frequency
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7

0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.224242
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.157576
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091

13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4

0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.109091
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.084848
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.018182
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.012121
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061
0.006061

18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
22
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23
23.1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

x = Test Scores
13
mean =
12
SD =
1
mean = = 12. SD = = 1.
mean = = 12. SD = = 1. 5
# SD
12 - 5*1
Remaining Area = 15.8655%
X<=13 area =784.1345%
12 + 5*1
17
0.4
Position
of 7 in list
71
0.35
Position of 17 in list
171
0.3
0.25

x =0.2
Test Score

Height of curve
Remaining Area = 15.8655%

X<=13 area = 84.1345%

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 17

7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1

1.48672E-06
2.43896E-06
3.9613E-06
6.36983E-06
1.01409E-05
1.59837E-05
2.49425E-05
3.85352E-05
5.89431E-05
8.92617E-05
0.00013383
0.000198655

1.48672E-06
2.43896E-06
3.9613E-06
6.36983E-06
1.01409E-05
1.59837E-05
2.49425E-05
3.85352E-05
5.89431E-05
8.92617E-05
0.00013383
0.000198655

8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8

0.000291947
0.00042478
0.000611902
0.000872683
0.001232219
0.001722569
0.002384088
0.003266819
0.004431848
0.005952532
0.007915452
0.010420935
0.013582969
0.0175283
0.02239453
0.028327038
0.035474593
0.043983596
0.053990967
0.065615815
0.078950158
0.094049077
0.110920835
0.129517596
0.149727466
0.171368592
0.194186055
0.217852177
0.241970725
0.26608525
0.289691553
0.312253933
0.333224603
0.352065327
0.36827014
0.381387815
0.391042694
0.396952547
0.39894228
0.396952547
0.391042694
0.381387815
0.36827014
0.352065327
0.333224603
0.312253933
0.289691553

0.000291947
0.00042478
0.000611902
0.000872683
0.001232219
0.001722569
0.002384088
0.003266819
0.004431848
0.005952532
0.007915452
0.010420935
0.013582969
0.0175283
0.02239453
0.028327038
0.035474593
0.043983596
0.053990967
0.065615815
0.078950158
0.094049077
0.110920835
0.129517596
0.149727466
0.171368592
0.194186055
0.217852177
0.241970725
0.26608525
0.289691553
0.312253933
0.333224603
0.352065327
0.36827014
0.381387815
0.391042694
0.396952547
0.39894228
0.396952547
0.391042694
0.381387815
0.36827014
0.352065327
0.333224603
0.312253933
0.289691553

12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

0.26608525
0.241970725
0.217852177
0.194186055
0.171368592
0.149727466
0.129517596
0.110920835
0.094049077
0.078950158
0.065615815
0.053990967
0.043983596
0.035474593
0.028327038
0.02239453
0.0175283
0.013582969
0.010420935
0.007915452
0.005952532
0.004431848
0.003266819
0.002384088
0.001722569
0.001232219
0.000872683
0.000611902
0.00042478
0.000291947
0.000198655
0.00013383
8.92617E-05
5.89431E-05
3.85352E-05
2.49425E-05
1.59837E-05
1.01409E-05
6.36983E-06
3.9613E-06
2.43896E-06
1.48672E-06

0.26608525
0.241970725

11

10.5

10

9.5

X<13
1.4867E-06
2.439E-06
3.9613E-06
Normal Curve Showing Both
6.3698E-06
1.0141E-05
1.5984E-05
2.4942E-05
3.8535E-05
5.8943E-05
8.9262E-05
0.00013383
0.00019866
0.00029195
0.00042478
0.0006119
0.00087268
0.00123222
0.00172257
0.00238409
0.00326682
0.00443185
0.00595253
0.00791545
0.01042093
0.01358297
0.0175283
0.02239453
0.02832704
0.03547459
0.0439836
0.05399097
0.06561581
0.07895016
0.09404908
0.11092083
0.1295176
0.14972747
0.17136859
0.19418605
0.21785218
0.24197072
0.26608525
0.28969155
0.31225393
0.3332246
0.35206533
8

Height
1.4867E-06
2.439E-06
3.9613E-06
6.3698E-06
0.45
1.0141E-05
0.4
1.5984E-05
0.35
2.4942E-05
0.3
3.8535E-05
0.25
5.8943E-05
0.2
8.9262E-05
0.15
0.00013383
0.1
0.00019866
0.05
0.00029195
0
0.00042478
0.0006119
0.00087268
0.00123222
0.00172257
0.00238409
0.00326682
0.00443185
0.00595253
0.00791545
0.01042093
0.01358297
0.0175283
0.02239453
0.02832704
0.03547459
0.0439836
0.05399097
0.06561581
0.07895016
0.09404908
0.11092083
0.1295176
0.14972747
0.17136859
0.19418605
0.21785218
0.24197072
0.26608525
0.28969155
0.31225393
0.3332246
0.35206533

8.5

-5
-4.9
-4.8
-4.7
-4.6
-4.5
-4.4
-4.3
-4.2
-4.1
-4
-3.9
-3.8
-3.7
-3.6
-3.5
-3.4
-3.3
-3.2
-3.1
-3
-2.9
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
-2.4
-2.3
-2.2
-2.1
-2
-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.1
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5

7.5

z
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5

11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2

-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2

0.36827014
0.38138782
0.39104269
0.39695255
0.39894228
0.39695255
0.39104269
0.38138782
0.36827014
0.35206533
0.3332246
0.31225393
0.28969155
0.26608525
0.24197072
0.21785218
0.19418605
0.17136859
0.14972747
0.1295176
0.11092083
0.09404908
0.07895016
0.06561581
0.05399097
0.0439836
0.03547459
0.02832704
0.02239453
0.0175283
0.01358297
0.01042093
0.00791545
0.00595253
0.00443185
0.00326682
0.00238409
0.00172257
0.00123222
0.00087268
0.0006119
0.00042478
0.00029195
0.00019866
0.00013383
8.9262E-05
5.8943E-05

0.36827014
0.38138782
0.39104269
0.39695255
0.39894228
0.39695255
0.39104269
0.38138782
0.36827014
0.35206533
0.3332246
0.31225393
0.28969155
0.26608525

16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5

3.8535E-05
2.4942E-05
1.5984E-05
1.0141E-05
6.3698E-06
3.9613E-06
2.439E-06
1.4867E-06

al Curve Showing Both X and Z (scores)

Height
X<13

17

16.5

16

15.5

15

14.5

14

13.5

13

12

12.5

11.5

11

x
z

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

10 X
12
2

Height
X<10
2
-5
7.4336E-07
7.4336E-07
2.2
-4.9 1.21948E-06 1.21948E-06
2.4
-4.8 1.98065E-06 1.98065E-06
Normal Curve
X and Z 3.18491E-06
(scores)
2.6 Showing
-4.7 Both
3.18491E-06
2.8
-4.6 5.07043E-06 5.07043E-06
3
-4.5 7.99187E-06 7.99187E-06
3.2
-4.4 1.24712E-05 1.24712E-05
3.4
-4.3 1.92676E-05 1.92676E-05
3.6
-4.2 2.94715E-05 2.94715E-05
3.8
-4.1 4.46308E-05 4.46308E-05
4
-4 6.69151E-05 6.69151E-05
4.2
-3.9 9.93277E-05 9.93277E-05
4.4
-3.8 0.000145973 0.000145973
4.6
-3.7
0.00021239
0.00021239
4.8
-3.6 0.000305951 0.000305951
5
-3.5 0.000436341 0.000436341
5.2
-3.4
0.00061611
0.00061611
5.4
-3.3 0.000861284 0.000861284
5.6
-3.2 0.001192044 0.001192044
5.8
-3.1
0.00163341
0.00163341
6
-3 0.002215924 0.002215924
6.2
-2.9 0.002976266 0.002976266
6.4
-2.8 0.003957726 0.003957726
6.6
-2.7 0.005210467 0.005210467
6.8
-2.6 0.006791485 0.006791485
7
-2.5
0.00876415
0.00876415
7.2
-2.4 0.011197265 0.011197265
7.4
-2.3 0.014163519 0.014163519
7.6
-2.2 0.017737296 0.017737296
7.8
-2.1 0.021991798 0.021991798
8
-2 0.026995483 0.026995483
8.2
-1.9 0.032807907 0.032807907
8.4
-1.8 0.039475079 0.039475079
8.6
-1.7 0.047024539 0.047024539
8.8
-1.6 0.055460417 0.055460417
9
-1.5 0.064758798 0.064758798
9.2
-1.4 0.074863733 0.074863733
9.4
-1.3 0.085684296 0.085684296
9.6
-1.2 0.097093027 0.097093027
9.8
-1.1 0.108926089 0.108926089
10
-1 0.120985362
10.2
-0.9 0.133042625
10.4
-0.8 0.144845776
10.6
-0.7 0.156126967
10.8
-0.6 0.166612301

2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.2
6
6.8
7.6
8.4
9.2
10
10.8
11.6
12.4
13.2
14
14.8
15.6
16.4
17.2
18
18.8
19.6
20.4
21.2
22

x = Test Scores
mean =
SD =

Height
X<10

x
z

11
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.8
12
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13
13.2
13.4
13.6
13.8
14
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.8
15
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.8
16
16.2
16.4
16.6
16.8
17
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.8
18
18.2
18.4
18.6
18.8
19
19.2
19.4
19.6
19.8
20
20.2

-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1

0.176032663
0.18413507
0.190693908
0.195521347
0.198476274
0.19947114
0.198476274
0.195521347
0.190693908
0.18413507
0.176032663
0.166612301
0.156126967
0.144845776
0.133042625
0.120985362
0.108926089
0.097093027
0.085684296
0.074863733
0.064758798
0.055460417
0.047024539
0.039475079
0.032807907
0.026995483
0.021991798
0.017737296
0.014163519
0.011197265
0.00876415
0.006791485
0.005210467
0.003957726
0.002976266
0.002215924
0.00163341
0.001192044
0.000861284
0.00061611
0.000436341
0.000305951
0.00021239
0.000145973
9.93277E-05
6.69151E-05
4.46308E-05

20.4
20.6
20.8
21
21.2
21.4
21.6
21.8
22

4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5

2.94715E-05
1.92676E-05
1.24712E-05
7.99187E-06
5.07043E-06
3.18491E-06
1.98065E-06
1.21948E-06
7.4336E-07

x = actual test score

z = Standard Normal Random Variable = # of
standard Deviations away from mean

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be 10 or
less.
Test Score x
14 mu = 12, sigma = 2
Operator 1
<=
Operator 2
mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2
Z
p(X <= 14)
=NORMDIST(C2,C5,C6,1)
p(Z <= )
=NORMSDIST(C7)
What is x given cumulative Probability?
=NORMINV(C8,C5,C6)
What is z given cumulative Probability?
=NORMSINV(C9)

Note: Because we are dealing with

continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(<=14) =
P(<14)

Height of curve
x = Test Score
Remaining Area
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3

12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

remaining
area

Area for<=14
F17 has the formula:
=NORMDIST(E17,$C$5,$C$6,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(E17<=$C$2,F17,"")

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be 10 or
less.
Test Score x
14
Operator 1
<=
Operator 2
mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2
Z
1
p(X <= 14)
0.841345 =NORMDIST(C2,C5,C6,1)
p(Z <= 1)
0.841345 =NORMSDIST(C7)
What is x given cumulative Probability?
14 =NORMINV(C8,C5,C6)
What is z given cumulative Probability?
1 =NORMSINV(C9)

Based on past data it would be

reasonable to assume that on the next
test there is a 84.13% chance that a
score selected at random would be 14 or
less, or that 84.13% of all the scores on
the next test will be 14 or less.
Note: Because we are dealing with
continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(<=14) =
P(<14)

Height of curve
x = Test Score
Remaining Area
0
3.03794E-09
0.1
4.09567E-09
0.2
5.50788E-09
0.3
7.38854E-09
0.4
9.8866E-09
0.5
1.31962E-08
0.6
1.75698E-08
0.7
2.33344E-08
0.8
3.09131E-08
0.9
4.0851E-08
1
5.38488E-08
1.1
7.0805E-08
1.2
9.28681E-08
1.3
1.21502E-07
1.4
1.58567E-07
1.5
2.06424E-07
1.6
2.68052E-07
1.7
3.4721E-07
1.8
4.48622E-07
1.9
5.78206E-07
2
7.4336E-07
2.1
9.533E-07
2.2
1.21948E-06
2.3
1.55609E-06
2.4
1.98065E-06
2.5
2.51475E-06
2.6
3.18491E-06
2.7
4.02359E-06
2.8
5.07043E-06
2.9
6.37367E-06

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

7.99187E-06
9.9959E-06
1.24712E-05
1.55207E-05
1.92676E-05
2.38593E-05
2.94715E-05
3.6313E-05
4.46308E-05
5.4717E-05
6.69151E-05
8.16282E-05
9.93277E-05
0.000120563
0.000145973
0.000176298
0.00021239
0.000255232
0.000305951
0.000365832
0.000436341
0.000519141
0.00061611
0.000729365
0.000861284
0.001014524
0.001192044
0.001397129
0.00163341
0.001904881
0.002215924
0.00257132
0.002976266
0.003436383
0.003957726
0.004546781
0.005210467
0.005956122
0.006791485
0.007724674
0.00876415
0.009918677
0.011197265
0.01260911
0.014163519
0.015869826
0.017737296

7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3

0.019775021
0.021991798
0.024396009
0.026995483
0.029797353
0.032807907
0.036032437
0.039475079
0.043138659
0.047024539
0.051132462
0.055460417
0.0600045
0.064758798
0.069715283
0.074863733
0.080191664
0.085684296
0.091324543
0.097093027
0.102968134
0.108926089
0.11494107
0.120985362
0.127029528
0.133042625
0.138992443
0.144845776
0.150568716
0.156126967
0.16148618
0.166612301
0.171471928
0.176032663
0.180263481
0.18413507
0.187620173
0.190693908
0.193334058
0.195521347
0.197239665
0.198476274
0.199221957
0.19947114
0.199221957
0.198476274
0.197239665

12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

0.195521347
0.193334058
0.190693908
0.187620173
0.18413507
0.180263481
0.176032663
0.171471928
0.166612301
0.16148618
0.156126967
0.150568716
0.144845776
0.138992443
0.133042625
0.127029528
0.120985362
0.11494107
0.108926089
0.102968134
0.097093027
0.091324543
0.085684296
0.080191664
0.074863733
0.069715283
0.064758798
0.0600045
0.055460417
0.051132462
0.047024539
0.043138659
0.039475079
0.036032437
0.032807907
0.029797353
0.026995483
0.024396009
0.021991798
0.019775021
0.017737296
0.015869826
0.014163519
0.01260911
0.011197265
0.009918677
0.00876415

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

0.007724674
0.006791485
0.005956122
0.005210467
0.004546781
0.003957726
0.003436383
0.002976266
0.00257132
0.002215924
0.001904881
0.00163341
0.001397129
0.001192044
0.001014524
0.000861284
0.000729365
0.00061611
0.000519141
0.000436341
0.000365832
0.000305951
0.000255232
0.00021239
0.000176298
0.000145973
0.000120563
9.93277E-05
8.16282E-05
6.69151E-05
9.999715622

remaining
area

Past Quiz Results (Population Data) for Chapter 5 (Probability)

0.25

0.158655

Mean = mu = = 12
Median = 12
Mode = 12
Skew = 0
SD = sigma = = 2

0.2
0.15

0.158655254

0.1

0.84134474

0.05

0
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
4.5
5.4
6.3
7.2
8.1
9
9.9
10.8
11.7
12.6
13.5
14.4
15.3
16.2
17.1
18
18.9
19.8

0
x = Test Score

Remaining Area

Area for<=14
3.03794E-09
4.09567E-09
5.50788E-09
7.38854E-09
9.8866E-09
1.31962E-08
1.75698E-08
2.33344E-08
3.09131E-08
4.0851E-08
5.38488E-08
7.0805E-08
9.28681E-08
1.21502E-07
1.58567E-07
2.06424E-07
2.68052E-07
3.4721E-07
4.48622E-07
5.78206E-07
7.4336E-07
9.533E-07
1.21948E-06
1.55609E-06
1.98065E-06
2.51475E-06
3.18491E-06
4.02359E-06
5.07043E-06
6.37367E-06

Area for<=14

F17 has the formula:

=NORMDIST(E17,$C$5,$C$6,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(E17<=$C$2,F17,"")

7.99187E-06
9.9959E-06
1.24712E-05
1.55207E-05
1.92676E-05
2.38593E-05
2.94715E-05
3.6313E-05
4.46308E-05
5.4717E-05
6.69151E-05
8.16282E-05
9.93277E-05
0.000120563
0.000145973
0.000176298
0.00021239
0.000255232
0.000305951
0.000365832
0.000436341
0.000519141
0.00061611
0.000729365
0.000861284
0.001014524
0.001192044
0.001397129
0.00163341
0.001904881
0.002215924
0.00257132
0.002976266
0.003436383
0.003957726
0.004546781
0.005210467
0.005956122
0.006791485
0.007724674
0.00876415
0.009918677
0.011197265
0.01260911
0.014163519
0.015869826
0.017737296

0.019775021
0.021991798
0.024396009
0.026995483
0.029797353
0.032807907
0.036032437
0.039475079
0.043138659
0.047024539
0.051132462
0.055460417
0.0600045
0.064758798
0.069715283
0.074863733
0.080191664
0.085684296
0.091324543
0.097093027
0.102968134
0.108926089
0.11494107
0.120985362
0.127029528
0.133042625
0.138992443
0.144845776
0.150568716
0.156126967
0.16148618
0.166612301
0.171471928
0.176032663
0.180263481
0.18413507
0.187620173
0.190693908
0.193334058
0.195521347
0.197239665
0.198476274
0.199221957
0.19947114
0.199221957
0.198476274
0.197239665

0.195521347
0.193334058
0.190693908
0.187620173
0.18413507
0.180263481
0.176032663
0.171471928
0.166612301
0.16148618
0.156126967
0.150568716
0.144845776
0.138992443
0.133042625
0.127029528
0.120985362

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be 15 or more.
What should we do if 37% get a score of 15 or more?
Test Score x
15
Operator 1
>=
Test Score = mean = mu = = 12, standard deviation =
Operator 2
Test Score = mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2
Z
p(X >= 15)
=1-NORMDIST(C2,C5,C6,1)
p(Z >= )
=1-NORMSDIST(C7)
What is x given cumulative Probability?
=NORMINV(1-C8,C5,C6)
What is z given cumulative Probability?
=NORMSINV(1-C9)

x = Test Score

Note: Because we are dealing with

continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(>=15) =
P(>15)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

Height of curve
Remaining Area

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3

12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

u = = 12, standard deviation = sigma = = 2

Area for>=15
F17 has the formula:
=NORMDIST(E17,$C$5,$C$6,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(E17>=$C$2,F17,"")

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be 15 or more.
What should we do if 37% get a score of 15 or more?
Test Score x
15
Operator 1
>=
Score = mean = mu = = 12, standard deviation = sigm
Operator 2
Score = mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2
Z
1.5
p(X >= 15)
0.066807 =1-NORMDIST(C2,C5,C6,1)
p(Z >= 1.5)
0.066807 =1-NORMSDIST(C7)
What is x given cumulative Probability?
15 =NORMINV(1-C8,C5,C6)
What is z given cumulative Probability?
1.5 =NORMSINV(1-C9)

Based on past data it would be

reasonable to assume that 6.68% of all
the scores on the next text will be 15 or
more. If we then run the test and 37% of
the tests are above 15, we would need
to investigate why.
Note: Because we are dealing with
continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(>=15) =
P(>15)

x = Test Score
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

Height of curve
Remaining Area
3.03794E-09
4.09567E-09
5.50788E-09
7.38854E-09
9.8866E-09
1.31962E-08
1.75698E-08
2.33344E-08
3.09131E-08
4.0851E-08
5.38488E-08
7.0805E-08
9.28681E-08
1.21502E-07
1.58567E-07
2.06424E-07
2.68052E-07
3.4721E-07
4.48622E-07
5.78206E-07
7.4336E-07
9.533E-07
1.21948E-06
1.55609E-06
1.98065E-06
2.51475E-06
3.18491E-06
4.02359E-06
5.07043E-06
6.37367E-06

3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

7.99187E-06
9.9959E-06
1.24712E-05
1.55207E-05
1.92676E-05
2.38593E-05
2.94715E-05
3.6313E-05
4.46308E-05
5.4717E-05
6.69151E-05
8.16282E-05
9.93277E-05
0.000120563
0.000145973
0.000176298
0.00021239
0.000255232
0.000305951
0.000365832
0.000436341
0.000519141
0.00061611
0.000729365
0.000861284
0.001014524
0.001192044
0.001397129
0.00163341
0.001904881
0.002215924
0.00257132
0.002976266
0.003436383
0.003957726
0.004546781
0.005210467
0.005956122
0.006791485
0.007724674
0.00876415
0.009918677
0.011197265
0.01260911
0.014163519
0.015869826
0.017737296

7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3

0.019775021
0.021991798
0.024396009
0.026995483
0.029797353
0.032807907
0.036032437
0.039475079
0.043138659
0.047024539
0.051132462
0.055460417
0.0600045
0.064758798
0.069715283
0.074863733
0.080191664
0.085684296
0.091324543
0.097093027
0.102968134
0.108926089
0.11494107
0.120985362
0.127029528
0.133042625
0.138992443
0.144845776
0.150568716
0.156126967
0.16148618
0.166612301
0.171471928
0.176032663
0.180263481
0.18413507
0.187620173
0.190693908
0.193334058
0.195521347
0.197239665
0.198476274
0.199221957
0.19947114
0.199221957
0.198476274
0.197239665

12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17

0.195521347
0.193334058
0.190693908
0.187620173
0.18413507
0.180263481
0.176032663
0.171471928
0.166612301
0.16148618
0.156126967
0.150568716
0.144845776
0.138992443
0.133042625
0.127029528
0.120985362
0.11494107
0.108926089
0.102968134
0.097093027
0.091324543
0.085684296
0.080191664
0.074863733
0.069715283
0.064758798
0.0600045
0.055460417
0.051132462
0.047024539
0.043138659
0.039475079
0.036032437
0.032807907
0.029797353
0.026995483
0.024396009
0.021991798
0.019775021
0.017737296
0.015869826
0.014163519
0.01260911
0.011197265
0.009918677
0.00876415

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

0.007724674
0.006791485
0.005956122
0.005210467
0.004546781
0.003957726
0.003436383
0.002976266
0.00257132
0.002215924
0.001904881
0.00163341
0.001397129
0.001192044
0.001014524
0.000861284
0.000729365
0.00061611
0.000519141
0.000436341
0.000365832
0.000305951
0.000255232
0.00021239
0.000176298
0.000145973
0.000120563
9.93277E-05
8.16282E-05
6.69151E-05
9.999715622

= 12, standard deviation = sigma = = 2

Score = mean = mu = = 12, standard deviation = sigma = = 2

0.25
0.2
0.15

Mean = mu = = 12
Median = 12
Mode = 12
Skew = 0
SD = sigma = = 2

0.066807201

0.1
0

0
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
4.5
5.4
6.3
7.2
8.1
9
9.9
10.8
11.7
12.6
13.5
14.4
15.3
16.2
17.1
18
18.9
19.8

0.05

x = Test Score

Area for>=15

Remaining Area

Area for>=15

F17 has the formula:

=NORMDIST(E17,$C$5,$C$6,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(E17>=$C$2,F17,"")

0.064758798
0.0600045
0.055460417
0.051132462
0.047024539
0.043138659
0.039475079
0.036032437
0.032807907
0.029797353
0.026995483
0.024396009
0.021991798
0.019775021
0.017737296
0.015869826
0.014163519
0.01260911
0.011197265
0.009918677
0.00876415

0.007724674
0.006791485
0.005956122
0.005210467
0.004546781
0.003957726
0.003436383
0.002976266
0.00257132
0.002215924
0.001904881
0.00163341
0.001397129
0.001192044
0.001014524
0.000861284
0.000729365
0.00061611
0.000519141
0.000436341
0.000365832
0.000305951
0.000255232
0.00021239
0.000176298
0.000145973
0.000120563
9.93277E-05
8.16282E-05
6.69151E-05

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be between 10
and 14.
Test Score x1
10
x2
14
Operator 1
>=
Operator 2
<=
mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2
z1
z2
P(10>= x <=12)
=NORMDIST(C3,C6,C7,1)-NORMDIST(C2,C6,C7,1)
P(10>= z <=12)
=NORMSDIST(C9)-NORMSDIST(C8)
#NAME?

Height of curve
x = Test Score
Note: Because we are dealing with
continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(>=10) =
P(>10)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

Remaining Area

2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2

12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9

17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

1)-NORMDIST(C2,C6,C7,1)
MSDIST(C8)

Area for>=10 and

<=14
F17 has the formula:
=NORMDIST(E17,$C$6,$C$7,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(AND(E17>=$C$2,E17<=$C$3),F17,"")

0
1.7
3.4
5.1
6.8
8.5
10.2
11.9
13.6
15.3
17

Based on past data, estimate the percentage of scores on the next statistics test that will be between 10
and 14.
Test Score x1
10
x2
14
Test Scores, Mu = 12, SD = 2
Operator 1
>=
0.25
Operator 2
<=
0.2
mean = mu = =
12
standard deviation = sigma = =
2 0.15
0.1
z1
-1
z2
1 0.05
P(10>= x <=12)
0.682689 =NORMDIST(C3,C6,C7,1)-NORMDIST(C2,C6,C7,1)
0
P(10>= z <=12)
0.682689 =NORMSDIST(C9)-NORMSDIST(C8)
#NAME?

Based on past data it would be

reasonable to assume that 68.27% of all
the scores on the next text will be
between 10 and 14.
Note: Because we are dealing with
continuous random variables and we are
calculating probability from area and
because the area of a line is zero, P(>=10) =
P(>10)

Height of curve
x = Test Score
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

Remaining Area
3.03794E-09
4.09567E-09
5.50788E-09
7.38854E-09
9.8866E-09
1.31962E-08
1.75698E-08
2.33344E-08
3.09131E-08
4.0851E-08
5.38488E-08
7.0805E-08
9.28681E-08
1.21502E-07
1.58567E-07
2.06424E-07
2.68052E-07
3.4721E-07
4.48622E-07
5.78206E-07
7.4336E-07
9.533E-07
1.21948E-06
1.55609E-06
1.98065E-06
2.51475E-06
3.18491E-06
4.02359E-06
5.07043E-06

2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

6.37367E-06
7.99187E-06
9.9959E-06
1.24712E-05
1.55207E-05
1.92676E-05
2.38593E-05
2.94715E-05
3.6313E-05
4.46308E-05
5.4717E-05
6.69151E-05
8.16282E-05
9.93277E-05
0.000120563
0.000145973
0.000176298
0.00021239
0.000255232
0.000305951
0.000365832
0.000436341
0.000519141
0.00061611
0.000729365
0.000861284
0.001014524
0.001192044
0.001397129
0.00163341
0.001904881
0.002215924
0.00257132
0.002976266
0.003436383
0.003957726
0.004546781
0.005210467
0.005956122
0.006791485
0.007724674
0.00876415
0.009918677
0.011197265
0.01260911
0.014163519
0.015869826

7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2

0.017737296
0.019775021
0.021991798
0.024396009
0.026995483
0.029797353
0.032807907
0.036032437
0.039475079
0.043138659
0.047024539
0.051132462
0.055460417
0.0600045
0.064758798
0.069715283
0.074863733
0.080191664
0.085684296
0.091324543
0.097093027
0.102968134
0.108926089
0.11494107
0.120985362
0.127029528
0.133042625
0.138992443
0.144845776
0.150568716
0.156126967
0.16148618
0.166612301
0.171471928
0.176032663
0.180263481
0.18413507
0.187620173
0.190693908
0.193334058
0.195521347
0.197239665
0.198476274
0.199221957
0.19947114
0.199221957
0.198476274

12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9

0.197239665
0.195521347
0.193334058
0.190693908
0.187620173
0.18413507
0.180263481
0.176032663
0.171471928
0.166612301
0.16148618
0.156126967
0.150568716
0.144845776
0.138992443
0.133042625
0.127029528
0.120985362
0.11494107
0.108926089
0.102968134
0.097093027
0.091324543
0.085684296
0.080191664
0.074863733
0.069715283
0.064758798
0.0600045
0.055460417
0.051132462
0.047024539
0.043138659
0.039475079
0.036032437
0.032807907
0.029797353
0.026995483
0.024396009
0.021991798
0.019775021
0.017737296
0.015869826
0.014163519
0.01260911
0.011197265
0.009918677

17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
Total is not 1 because not Probability

0.00876415
0.007724674
0.006791485
0.005956122
0.005210467
0.004546781
0.003957726
0.003436383
0.002976266
0.00257132
0.002215924
0.001904881
0.00163341
0.001397129
0.001192044
0.001014524
0.000861284
0.000729365
0.00061611
0.000519141
0.000436341
0.000365832
0.000305951
0.000255232
0.00021239
0.000176298
0.000145973
0.000120563
9.93277E-05
8.16282E-05
6.69151E-05
9.999715622

ores, Mu = 12, SD = 2

Remaining Area
Area for>=10 and
<=14

15.3
17
18.7

1)-NORMDIST(C2,C6,C7,1)
MSDIST(C8)

Area for>=10 and

<=14
F17 has the formula:
=NORMDIST(E17,$C$6,$C$7,0)
G17 has the formula:
=IF(AND(E17>=$C$2,E17<=$C$3),F17,"")

0.120985362
0.127029528
0.133042625
0.138992443
0.144845776
0.150568716
0.156126967
0.16148618
0.166612301
0.171471928
0.176032663
0.180263481
0.18413507
0.187620173
0.190693908
0.193334058
0.195521347
0.197239665
0.198476274
0.199221957
0.19947114
0.199221957
0.198476274

0.197239665
0.195521347
0.193334058
0.190693908
0.187620173
0.18413507
0.180263481
0.176032663
0.171471928
0.166612301
0.16148618
0.156126967
0.150568716
0.144845776
0.138992443
0.133042625
0.127029528
0.120985362

If the professor grades with a bell curve and assigns a grade of A for the top 5.00% of
the scores, what score would you need to get to earn an A if the mean (from past
data) was 79 and the standard deviation (from past data) was 6?
What is x?
Mean
SD
Probability
X = Score Needed

Scores
79
6
5.00%
=NORMINV(1-B6,B4,B5)
or

z = (x-mu)/sigma
=>

z
X = Score Needed

x = z*sigma+mu
=B11*B5+B4

From past population data that has a normal shaped distribution, if the employees on
average produced 1000 boomerangs per day with a standard deviation of 50 how
many boomerangs would have to be produced for the day's production level to be
among the slowest 10.00% of days?
What is x?
Mean
SD
Probability
X = Score Needed

# units produced
1000
50
0.1
=NORMINV(B19,B17,B18)
or

z = (x-mu)/sigma
=>

z
X = Score Needed

x = z*sigma+mu
=B24*B18+B17

Data For Questions

79
6
5%

Data For Questions

1000
50
10%

If the professor grades with a bell curve and assigns a grade of A for the top 5.00% of
the scores, what score would you need to get to earn an A if the mean (from past
data) was 79 and the standard deviation (from past data) was 6?
What is x?
Mean
SD
Probability
X = Score Needed

Scores
79
6
5.00%
88.86912176
or

=NORMINV(1-B6,B4,B5)
z = (x-mu)/sigma
=>

z
X = Score Needed

1.644853627
88.86912176

x = z*sigma+mu
=B11*B5+B4

From past population data that has a normal shaped distribution, if the employees on
average produced 1000 boomerangs per day with a standard deviation of 50 how
many boomerangs would have to be produced for the day's production level to be
among the slowest 10.00% of days?
What is x?
Mean
SD
Probability
X = Score Needed

# units produced
1000
50
0.1
935.9224217

=NORMINV(B19,B17,B18)

or

z = (x-mu)/sigma
=>

z
X = Score Needed

-1.281551566
935.9224217

x = z*sigma+mu
=B24*B18+B17

Data For Questions

79
6
5%

Data For Questions

1000
50
10%

Exponential Probability Distribution

Continuous Random Variable
X>=0
Mean = Standard Deviation
Excel function: EXPONDIST
EXPONDIST(x,1/mu, (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

or cumulative function = 1 - e^(-x/mu)

P(x<15)
P(x<15)

P(x>15)
P(x>15)
x (min)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

P(get interrupted in the next 10 minutes)

x1
x2
0
10
0.60015
0.60015
P(not interruptions during 15 minute)
x1
x2
0
15
0.25284
0.25284

f(x)
0.091666667
0.090830228
0.090001422
0.089180179
0.08836643
0.087560105
0.086761139
0.085969462
0.08518501
0.084407715
0.083637513
0.082874339
0.082118129
0.081368819
0.080626346
0.079890649
0.079161664
0.078439331

According to a recent study, bus

per hour. Assume that the

0.1
0.05
0

minutes
=EXPONDIST(D18,1/$C$14,1)
=1-EXP(1)^(-D18/$C$14)

minutes
=1-EXPONDIST(D23,1/$C$14,1)
=EXP(1)^(-D23/$C$14)

P(x<10) = P(x>15)
0.6002 = 25.28%
.
0.09167
0.09083
0.09
0.08918
0.08837
0.08756
0.08676
0.08597
0.08519
0.08441
0.08364
0.08287
0.08212
0.08137
0.08063
0.07989
0.07916
0.07844

0
2.3
4.6
6.9

According to a recent study, business people are interrupted 5.5 times per hour.
Assume that the distribution follows an Exponetial Distribution
Mean for Poisson Distribution = # interruptions = 5.5 per 1 hour
x
# interruptions
5.5 per
1 hour
60 minutes
Mean for Exponetial Distribution = x = Time between interruptions =
0.181818181818182 hours
x
x = Time between interruptions
0.18182 hours
10.9091 minutes

1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

0.07772359
0.077014379
0.076311639
0.075615313
0.074925339
0.074241662
0.073564223
0.072892966
0.072227833
0.07156877
0.070915721
0.07026863
0.069627445
0.068992109
0.068362572
0.067738778
0.067120677
0.066508215
0.065901342
0.065300007
0.064704159
0.064113747
0.063528724
0.062949038
0.062374642
0.061805487
0.061241525
0.06068271
0.060128993
0.059580329
0.059036672
0.058497975
0.057964194
0.057435283
0.056911199
0.056391897
0.055877333
0.055367465
0.054862249
0.054361643
0.053865605
0.053374093
0.052887066
0.052404483
0.051926304
0.051452487
0.050982995

0.07772
0.07701
0.07631
0.07562
0.07493
0.07424
0.07356
0.07289
0.07223
0.07157
0.07092
0.07027
0.06963
0.06899
0.06836
0.06774
0.06712
0.06651
0.0659
0.0653
0.0647
0.06411
0.06353
0.06295
0.06237
0.06181
0.06124
0.06068
0.06013
0.05958
0.05904
0.0585
0.05796
0.05744
0.05691
0.05639
0.05588
0.05537
0.05486
0.05436
0.05387
0.05337
0.05289
0.0524
0.05193
0.05145
0.05098

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1

0.050517786
0.050056822
0.049600065
0.049147475
0.048699015
0.048254647
0.047814334
0.047378039
0.046945725
0.046517355
0.046092895
0.045672307
0.045255557
0.04484261
0.044433431
0.044027986
0.04362624
0.04322816
0.042833713
0.042442865
0.042055583
0.041671835
0.041291588
0.040914812
0.040541473
0.040171541
0.039804984
0.039441773
0.039081875
0.038725262
0.038371902
0.038021767
0.037674827
0.037331052
0.036990414
0.036652885
0.036318435
0.035987038
0.035658664
0.035333286
0.035010878
0.034691411
0.03437486
0.034061197
0.033750396
0.033442431
0.033137276

0.05052
0.05006
0.0496
0.04915
0.0487
0.04825
0.04781
0.04738
0.04695
0.04652
0.04609
0.04567
0.04526
0.04484
0.04443
0.04403
0.04363
0.04323
0.04283
0.04244
0.04206
0.04167
0.04129
0.04091
0.04054
0.04017
0.0398
0.03944
0.03908
0.03873
0.03837
0.03802
0.03767
0.03733
0.03699
0.03665

11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8

0.032834906
0.032535294
0.032238417
0.031944248
0.031652764
0.031363939
0.03107775
0.030794173
0.030513183
0.030234757
0.029958871
0.029685503
0.029414629
0.029146227
0.028880274
0.028616748
0.028355626
0.028096888
0.02784051
0.027586471
0.027334751
0.027085327
0.026838179
0.026593287
0.026350629
0.026110185
0.025871935
0.02563586
0.025401938
0.025170151
0.024940479
0.024712902
0.024487403
0.02426396
0.024042557
0.023823174
0.023605793
0.023390395
0.023176963
0.022965478
0.022755923
0.02254828
0.022342532
0.022138662
0.021936651
0.021736484
0.021538143

0.02297
0.02276
0.02255
0.02234
0.02214
0.02194
0.02174
0.02154

15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5

0.021341613
0.021146875
0.020953914
0.020762715
0.020573259
0.020385533
0.020199519
0.020015203
0.019832569
0.019651601
0.019472284
0.019294604
0.019118545
0.018944093
0.018771232
0.018599948
0.018430228
0.018262056
0.018095419
0.017930302
0.017766692
0.017604575
0.017443937
0.017284765
0.017127045
0.016970765
0.01681591
0.016662469
0.016510427
0.016359773
0.016210494
0.016062577
0.015916009
0.015770779
0.015626874
0.015484282
0.015342992
0.01520299
0.015064266
0.014926808
0.014790604
0.014655643
0.014521914
0.014389405
0.014258104
0.014128002
0.013999087

0.02134
0.02115
0.02095
0.02076
0.02057
0.02039
0.0202
0.02002
0.01983
0.01965
0.01947
0.01929
0.01912
0.01894
0.01877
0.0186
0.01843
0.01826
0.0181
0.01793
0.01777
0.0176
0.01744
0.01728
0.01713
0.01697
0.01682
0.01666
0.01651
0.01636
0.01621
0.01606
0.01592
0.01577
0.01563
0.01548
0.01534
0.0152
0.01506
0.01493
0.01479
0.01466
0.01452
0.01439
0.01426
0.01413
0.014

20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
22
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.9
25
25.1
25.2

0.013871349
0.013744776
0.013619358
0.013495084
0.013371944
0.013249928
0.013129026
0.013009226
0.01289052
0.012772897
0.012656347
0.01254086
0.012426428
0.012313039
0.012200686
0.012089357
0.011979044
0.011869738
0.011761429
0.011654109
0.011547768
0.011442397
0.011337987
0.011234531
0.011132018
0.011030441
0.010929791
0.010830059
0.010731237
0.010633317
0.01053629
0.010440149
0.010344884
0.01025049
0.010156956
0.010064276
0.009972442
0.009881446
0.009791279
0.009701936
0.009613408
0.009525688
0.009438768
0.009352641
0.009267301
0.009182739
0.009098948

0.01387
0.01374
0.01362
0.0135
0.01337
0.01325
0.01313
0.01301
0.01289
0.01277
0.01266
0.01254
0.01243
0.01231
0.0122
0.01209
0.01198
0.01187
0.01176
0.01165
0.01155
0.01144
0.01134
0.01123
0.01113
0.01103
0.01093
0.01083
0.01073
0.01063
0.01054
0.01044
0.01034
0.01025
0.01016
0.01006
0.00997
0.00988
0.00979
0.0097
0.00961
0.00953
0.00944
0.00935
0.00927
0.00918
0.0091

25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
26.9
27
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9

0.009015922
0.008933654
0.008852136
0.008771362
0.008691326
0.008612019
0.008533436
0.008455571
0.008378415
0.008301964
0.008226211
0.008151148
0.008076771
0.008003072
0.007930046
0.007857686
0.007785986
0.007714941
0.007644544
0.007574789
0.007505671
0.007437183
0.00736932
0.007302077
0.007235447
0.007169425
0.007104006
0.007039183
0.006974952
0.006911307
0.006848243
0.006785754
0.006723836
0.006662482
0.006601689
0.00654145
0.00648176
0.006422616
0.006364011
0.006305941
0.0062484
0.006191385
0.00613489
0.00607891
0.006023442
0.005968479
0.005914018

0.00902
0.00893
0.00885
0.00877
0.00869
0.00861
0.00853
0.00846
0.00838
0.0083
0.00823
0.00815
0.00808
0.008
0.00793
0.00786
0.00779
0.00771
0.00764
0.00757
0.00751
0.00744
0.00737
0.0073
0.00724
0.00717
0.0071
0.00704
0.00697
0.00691
0.00685
0.00679
0.00672
0.00666
0.0066
0.00654
0.00648
0.00642
0.00636
0.00631
0.00625
0.00619
0.00613
0.00608
0.00602
0.00597
0.00591

30
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31
31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9
32
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6

0.005860054
0.005806582
0.005753598
0.005701098
0.005649077
0.00559753
0.005546454
0.005495844
0.005445695
0.005396005
0.005346767
0.005297979
0.005249636
0.005201735
0.00515427
0.005107238
0.005060636
0.005014459
0.004968703
0.004923365
0.00487844
0.004833925
0.004789817
0.004746111
0.004702803
0.004659891
0.004617371
0.004575238
0.00453349
0.004492123
0.004451134
0.004410518
0.004370273
0.004330395
0.004290881
0.004251728
0.004212932
0.00417449
0.004136398
0.004098655
0.004061255
0.004024197
0.003987477
0.003951093
0.00391504
0.003879316
0.003843918

0.00586
0.00581
0.00575
0.0057
0.00565
0.0056
0.00555
0.0055
0.00545
0.0054
0.00535
0.0053
0.00525
0.0052
0.00515
0.00511
0.00506
0.00501
0.00497
0.00492
0.00488
0.00483
0.00479
0.00475
0.0047
0.00466
0.00462
0.00458
0.00453
0.00449
0.00445
0.00441
0.00437
0.00433
0.00429
0.00425
0.00421
0.00417
0.00414
0.0041
0.00406
0.00402
0.00399
0.00395
0.00392
0.00388
0.00384

34.7
34.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9
36
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
37
37.1
37.2
37.3
37.4
37.5
37.6
37.7
37.8
37.9
38
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
39
39.1
39.2
39.3

0.003808843
0.003774088
0.00373965
0.003705527
0.003671715
0.003638211
0.003605013
0.003572118
0.003539524
0.003507226
0.003475224
0.003443513
0.003412092
0.003380957
0.003350107
0.003319538
0.003289247
0.003259234
0.003229494
0.003200026
0.003170826
0.003141893
0.003113224
0.003084816
0.003056668
0.003028777
0.00300114
0.002973755
0.00294662
0.002919733
0.002893091
0.002866692
0.002840534
0.002814615
0.002788932
0.002763484
0.002738268
0.002713282
0.002688523
0.002663991
0.002639683
0.002615596
0.00259173
0.002568081
0.002544648
0.002521428
0.002498421

0.00381
0.00377
0.00374
0.00371
0.00367
0.00364
0.00361
0.00357
0.00354
0.00351
0.00348
0.00344
0.00341
0.00338
0.00335
0.00332
0.00329
0.00326
0.00323
0.0032
0.00317
0.00314
0.00311
0.00308
0.00306
0.00303
0.003
0.00297
0.00295
0.00292
0.00289
0.00287
0.00284
0.00281
0.00279
0.00276
0.00274
0.00271
0.00269
0.00266
0.00264
0.00262
0.00259
0.00257
0.00254
0.00252
0.0025

39.4
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
40
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.9
42
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
42.9
43
43.1
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
43.9
44

0.002475623
0.002453034
0.00243065
0.002408471
0.002386494
0.002364718
0.002343141
0.00232176
0.002300574
0.002279582
0.002258781
0.002238171
0.002217748
0.002197511
0.002177459
0.002157591
0.002137903
0.002118395
0.002099065
0.002079912
0.002060933
0.002042127
0.002023494
0.00200503
0.001986734
0.001968606
0.001950643
0.001932843
0.001915207
0.001897731
0.001880414
0.001863256
0.001846254
0.001829407
0.001812715
0.001796174
0.001779784
0.001763544
0.001747452
0.001731507
0.001715707
0.001700052
0.001684539
0.001669168
0.001653938
0.001638846
0.001623892

0.00248
0.00245
0.00243
0.00241
0.00239
0.00236
0.00234
0.00232
0.0023
0.00228
0.00226
0.00224
0.00222
0.0022
0.00218
0.00216
0.00214
0.00212
0.0021
0.00208
0.00206
0.00204
0.00202
0.00201
0.00199
0.00197
0.00195
0.00193
0.00192
0.0019
0.00188
0.00186
0.00185
0.00183
0.00181
0.0018
0.00178
0.00176
0.00175
0.00173
0.00172
0.0017
0.00168
0.00167
0.00165
0.00164
0.00162

44.1
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5
44.6
44.7
44.8
44.9
45
45.1
45.2
45.3
45.4
45.5
45.6
45.7
45.8
45.9
46
46.1
46.2
46.3
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.7
46.8
46.9
47
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48
48.1
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7

0.001609074
0.001594391
0.001579843
0.001565427
0.001551143
0.001536989
0.001522965
0.001509068
0.001495298
0.001481654
0.001468134
0.001454738
0.001441463
0.00142831
0.001415277
0.001402363
0.001389567
0.001376887
0.001364324
0.001351874
0.001339539
0.001327316
0.001315204
0.001303204
0.001291312
0.001279529
0.001267854
0.001256285
0.001244821
0.001233463
0.001222208
0.001211055
0.001200005
0.001189055
0.001178205
0.001167454
0.001156801
0.001146246
0.001135787
0.001125423
0.001115154
0.001104978
0.001094895
0.001084905
0.001075005
0.001065196
0.001055476

0.00161
0.00159
0.00158
0.00157
0.00155
0.00154
0.00152
0.00151
0.0015
0.00148
0.00147
0.00145
0.00144
0.00143
0.00142
0.0014
0.00139
0.00138
0.00136
0.00135
0.00134
0.00133
0.00132
0.0013
0.00129
0.00128
0.00127
0.00126
0.00124
0.00123
0.00122
0.00121
0.0012
0.00119
0.00118
0.00117
0.00116
0.00115
0.00114
0.00113
0.00112
0.0011
0.00109
0.00108
0.00108
0.00107
0.00106

48.8
48.9
49
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50

0.001045845
0.001036302
0.001026846
0.001017476
0.001008192
0.000998993
0.000989877
0.000980845
0.000971895
0.000963026
0.000954239
0.000945532
0.000936904

0.00105
0.00104
0.00103
0.00102
0.00101
0.001
0.00099
0.00098
0.00097
0.00096
0.00095
0.00095
0.00094

n = 1 - e^(-x/mu)
According to a recent study, business people are interrupted 5.5 times
per hour. Assume that the distribution follows an Exponetial
Distribution

P(x<10) = 0.6002

P(x>15) = 25.28%

4.6
6.9
9.2
11.5
13.8
16.1
18.4
20.7
23
25.3
27.6
29.9
32.2
34.5
36.8
39.1
41.4
43.7
46
48.3

f(x)

x = Time between interruptions

1 - e^(-x/mu)

Relationship between Poisson and Exponential

Poisson is # of occurrences during per Interval
Exponential is length between occurrences
If occurrences follow a Poisson Distr., the length between occurrences must follow an
Exponential Distribution
Mean for Poisson Distribution = # interruptions = 5.5 per 1 hour
x
# interruptions
5.5 per
1 hour
60 minutes
Mean for Exponetial Distribution = Time between interruptions = hours
x

Time between interruptions

hours
minutes

P(no interruptions during 15 minute period 0 to 15)

x1

x2
0

P(X>15)
x=
Time =
Mean = # occurrences per 15
minutes
P(x<0)

15 minutes
Exponential, x = time between occurrences

0 # of occurrences

Poisson, x = # of occurrences

Poisson Probability Distribution can be used to estimate the number of occurr

over a specified interval of time or space
Discrete Random Variable
Properties of a Poisson Experiment:

The probability of an occurrence is the same for any two intervals of equal le
The occurrence or nonoccurrence in any interval is independent of the occurre
nonoccurrence in any other interval
No upper limit for X: 0,1,2,3 , but as x increases past the mean, the probab
decreases and gets quite small.
Mean = Var
Excel function: POISSON
POISSON(x,mean,cumulative (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

=1-EXPONDIST(D12,1/C7,1)

=POISSON(C15,C17,0)

e used to estimate the number of occurrences Exponential Probability Distribution can be used to estimate the length of the interval
interval of time or space
between occurrences (time or space)
Random Variable
Continuous Random Variable
X>=0

ny interval is independent of the occurrence or

e in any other interval

ative (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

Mean = Standard Deviation

Excel function: EXPONDIST
EXPONDIST(x,1/mu, (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

mate the length of the interval

pace)
e

Relationship between Poisson and Exponential

Poisson is # of occurrences during per Interval
Exponential is length between occurrences
If occurrences follow a Poisson Distr., the length between occurrences must follow an
Exponential Distribution
Mean for Poisson Distribution = # interruptions = 5.5 per 1 hour
x
# interruptions
5.5 per
1 hour
60 minutes
Mean for Exponetial Distribution = Time between interruptions = 0.181818181818182
hours
x

Time between interruptions

0.18181818 hours
10.9090909 minutes

P(no interruptions during 15 minute period 0 to 15)

x1
P(X>15)
x=
Time =
Mean = # occurrences per 15
minutes
P(x<0)

x2
0
15 minutes
0.2528396 Exponential, x = time between occurrences
0 # of occurrences
0.25
1.375
0.2528396 Poisson, x = # of occurrences

Poisson Probability Distribution can be used to estimate the number of occurr

over a specified interval of time or space
Discrete Random Variable
Properties of a Poisson Experiment:

The probability of an occurrence is the same for any two intervals of equal le
The occurrence or nonoccurrence in any interval is independent of the occurre
nonoccurrence in any other interval
No upper limit for X: 0,1,2,3 , but as x increases past the mean, the probab
decreases and gets quite small.
Mean = Var
Excel function: POISSON
POISSON(x,mean,cumulative (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

=1-EXPONDIST(D12,1/C7,1)

=POISSON(C15,C17,0)

e used to estimate the number of occurrences Exponential Probability Distribution can be used to estimate the length of the interval
interval of time or space
between occurrences (time or space)
Random Variable
Continuous Random Variable
X>=0

ny interval is independent of the occurrence or

e in any other interval

ative (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

Mean = Standard Deviation

Excel function: EXPONDIST
EXPONDIST(x,1/mu, (0 = exact, 1 = cumulative))

mate the length of the interval

pace)
e

For a particular Disney Ride, the mean time to

wait in line is 22 minutes (Distribution follows an
Exponential Distribution pattern.
mu
22 time to stand in line
x
15
P(x<=15)
=1-EXP(1)^(-B3/B2)
P(x<=15)
=EXPONDIST(B3,1/B2,1)
x
25
P(x>=25)
0.320984
=EXP(1)^-(B6/B2)
P(x>=25)
=1-EXPONDIST(B6,1/B2,1)
P(15<=x<=25)
1
=1-B8-B5
P(15<=x<=25)
=EXPONDIST(B6,1/B2,1)-EXPONDIST(B3,1/B2,1)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3

f(x)
0.045455
0.045248
0.045043
0.044839
0.044636
0.044433
0.044232
0.044031
0.043831
0.043633
0.043435
0.043238
0.043042
0.042846
0.042652
0.042459
0.042266
0.042074
0.041884
0.041694
0.041505
0.041316
0.041129
0.040942
0.040757
0.040572
0.040388
0.040205
0.040022
0.039841
0.03966

For a particular Disney Ride, the mean time to wait in line is

22 minutes (Distribution follows an Exponential Distribution
pattern.
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63

time to stand in line

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

0.03948
0.039301
0.039123
0.038946
0.038769
0.038593
0.038418
0.038244
0.038071
0.037898
0.037726
0.037555
0.037385
0.037215
0.037046
0.036878
0.036711
0.036545
0.036379
0.036214
0.03605
0.035886
0.035723
0.035561
0.0354
0.035239
0.03508
0.034921
0.034762
0.034605
0.034448
0.034291
0.034136
0.033981
0.033827
0.033674
0.033521
0.033369
0.033217
0.033067
0.032917
0.032768
0.032619
0.032471
0.032324
0.032177
0.032031

7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4

0.031886
0.031741
0.031597
0.031454
0.031312
0.03117
0.031028
0.030887
0.030747
0.030608
0.030469
0.030331
0.030193
0.030056
0.02992
0.029784
0.029649
0.029515
0.029381
0.029248
0.029115
0.028983
0.028852
0.028721
0.028591
0.028461
0.028332
0.028203
0.028075
0.027948
0.027821
0.027695
0.02757
0.027445
0.02732
0.027196
0.027073
0.02695
0.026828
0.026706
0.026585
0.026464
0.026344
0.026225
0.026106
0.025988
0.02587

12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17
17.1

0.025752
0.025636
0.025519
0.025404
0.025288
0.025174
0.02506
0.024946
0.024833
0.02472
0.024608
0.024497
0.024385
0.024275
0.024165
0.024055
0.023946
0.023837
0.023729
0.023622
0.023515
0.023408
0.023302
0.023196
0.023091
0.022986
0.022882
0.022778
0.022675
0.022572
0.02247
0.022368
0.022266
0.022165
0.022065
0.021965
0.021865
0.021766
0.021667
0.021569
0.021471
0.021374
0.021277
0.02118
0.021084
0.020989
0.020894

17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8

0.020799
0.020704
0.020611
0.020517
0.020424
0.020331
0.020239
0.020147
0.020056
0.019965
0.019875
0.019784
0.019695
0.019605
0.019516
0.019428
0.01934
0.019252
0.019165
0.019078
0.018991
0.018905
0.01882
0.018734
0.018649
0.018565
0.01848
0.018397
0.018313
0.01823
0.018147
0.018065
0.017983
0.017902
0.01782
0.01774
0.017659
0.017579
0.017499
0.01742
0.017341
0.017262
0.017184
0.017106
0.017029
0.016951
0.016875

21.9
22
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.9
25
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5

0.016798
0.016722
0.016646
0.01657
0.016495
0.016421
0.016346
0.016272
0.016198
0.016125
0.016052
0.015979
0.015906
0.015834
0.015762
0.015691
0.01562
0.015549
0.015478
0.015408
0.015338
0.015269
0.015199
0.015131
0.015062
0.014994
0.014926
0.014858
0.014791
0.014723
0.014657
0.01459
0.014524
0.014458
0.014393
0.014327
0.014262
0.014198
0.014133
0.014069
0.014005
0.013942
0.013879
0.013816
0.013753
0.013691
0.013629

26.6
26.7
26.8
26.9
27
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
30
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31
31.1
31.2

0.013567
0.013505
0.013444
0.013383
0.013322
0.013262
0.013202
0.013142
0.013082
0.013023
0.012964
0.012905
0.012847
0.012788
0.01273
0.012673
0.012615
0.012558
0.012501
0.012444
0.012388
0.012332
0.012276
0.01222
0.012165
0.012109
0.012055
0.012
0.011945
0.011891
0.011837
0.011784
0.01173
0.011677
0.011624
0.011571
0.011519
0.011467
0.011415
0.011363
0.011311
0.01126
0.011209
0.011158
0.011108
0.011057
0.011007

31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9
32
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9

0.010957
0.010907
0.010858
0.010809
0.01076
0.010711
0.010662
0.010614
0.010566
0.010518
0.01047
0.010423
0.010375
0.010328
0.010282
0.010235
0.010188
0.010142
0.010096
0.01005
0.010005
0.00996
0.009914
0.009869
0.009825
0.00978
0.009736
0.009692
0.009648
0.009604
0.00956
0.009517
0.009474
0.009431
0.009388
0.009345
0.009303
0.009261
0.009219
0.009177
0.009135
0.009094
0.009053
0.009012
0.008971
0.00893
0.00889

36
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
37
37.1
37.2
37.3
37.4
37.5
37.6
37.7
37.8
37.9
38
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
39
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
40
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6

0.008849
0.008809
0.008769
0.00873
0.00869
0.008651
0.008611
0.008572
0.008533
0.008495
0.008456
0.008418
0.00838
0.008342
0.008304
0.008266
0.008229
0.008191
0.008154
0.008117
0.00808
0.008044
0.008007
0.007971
0.007935
0.007899
0.007863
0.007827
0.007792
0.007756
0.007721
0.007686
0.007651
0.007617
0.007582
0.007548
0.007514
0.00748
0.007446
0.007412
0.007378
0.007345
0.007311
0.007278
0.007245
0.007212
0.00718

40.7
40.8
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.9
42
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
42.9
43
43.1
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
43.9
44
44.1
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5
44.6
44.7
44.8
44.9
45
45.1
45.2
45.3

0.007147
0.007115
0.007082
0.00705
0.007018
0.006987
0.006955
0.006923
0.006892
0.006861
0.00683
0.006799
0.006768
0.006737
0.006706
0.006676
0.006646
0.006616
0.006586
0.006556
0.006526
0.006496
0.006467
0.006438
0.006408
0.006379
0.00635
0.006322
0.006293
0.006264
0.006236
0.006208
0.00618
0.006152
0.006124
0.006096
0.006068
0.006041
0.006013
0.005986
0.005959
0.005932
0.005905
0.005878
0.005852
0.005825
0.005799

45.4
45.5
45.6
45.7
45.8
45.9
46
46.1
46.2
46.3
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.7
46.8
46.9
47
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48
48.1
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7
48.8
48.9
49
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50

0.005772
0.005746
0.00572
0.005694
0.005668
0.005643
0.005617
0.005592
0.005566
0.005541
0.005516
0.005491
0.005466
0.005441
0.005416
0.005392
0.005367
0.005343
0.005319
0.005295
0.005271
0.005247
0.005223
0.005199
0.005176
0.005152
0.005129
0.005106
0.005083
0.005059
0.005037
0.005014
0.004991
0.004968
0.004946
0.004923
0.004901
0.004879
0.004857
0.004835
0.004813
0.004791
0.004769
0.004748
0.004726
0.004705
0.004683

50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.4
51.5
51.6
51.7
51.8
51.9
52
52.1
52.2
52.3
52.4
52.5
52.6
52.7
52.8
52.9
53
53.1
53.2
53.3
53.4
53.5
53.6
53.7
53.8
53.9
54
54.1
54.2
54.3
54.4
54.5
54.6
54.7

0.004662
0.004641
0.00462
0.004599
0.004578
0.004557
0.004537
0.004516
0.004495
0.004475
0.004455
0.004435
0.004415
0.004394
0.004375
0.004355
0.004335
0.004315
0.004296
0.004276
0.004257
0.004238
0.004218
0.004199
0.00418
0.004161
0.004142
0.004124
0.004105
0.004086
0.004068
0.004049
0.004031
0.004013
0.003994
0.003976
0.003958
0.00394
0.003922
0.003905
0.003887
0.003869
0.003852
0.003834
0.003817
0.0038
0.003782

54.8
54.9
55
55.1
55.2
55.3
55.4
55.5
55.6
55.7
55.8
55.9
56
56.1
56.2
56.3
56.4
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.8
56.9
57
57.1
57.2
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.7
57.8
57.9
58
58.1
58.2
58.3
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.7
58.8
58.9
59
59.1
59.2
59.3
59.4

0.003765
0.003748
0.003731
0.003714
0.003697
0.003681
0.003664
0.003647
0.003631
0.003614
0.003598
0.003582
0.003565
0.003549
0.003533
0.003517
0.003501
0.003485
0.003469
0.003454
0.003438
0.003422
0.003407
0.003391
0.003376
0.003361
0.003346
0.00333
0.003315
0.0033
0.003285
0.00327
0.003256
0.003241
0.003226
0.003211
0.003197
0.003182
0.003168
0.003154
0.003139
0.003125
0.003111
0.003097
0.003083
0.003069
0.003055

59.5
59.6
59.7
59.8
59.9
60
60.1
60.2
60.3
60.4
60.5
60.6
60.7
60.8
60.9
61
61.1
61.2
61.3
61.4
61.5
61.6
61.7
61.8
61.9
62
62.1
62.2
62.3
62.4
62.5
62.6
62.7
62.8
62.9
63
63.1
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.5
63.6
63.7
63.8
63.9
64
64.1

0.003041
0.003027
0.003013
0.003
0.002986
0.002973
0.002959
0.002946
0.002932
0.002919
0.002906
0.002893
0.00288
0.002866
0.002853
0.002841
0.002828
0.002815
0.002802
0.002789
0.002777
0.002764
0.002752
0.002739
0.002727
0.002714
0.002702
0.00269
0.002678
0.002665
0.002653
0.002641
0.002629
0.002617
0.002605
0.002594
0.002582
0.00257
0.002559
0.002547
0.002535
0.002524
0.002512
0.002501
0.00249
0.002478
0.002467

64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.8
64.9
65
65.1
65.2
65.3
65.4
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.8
65.9
66
66.1
66.2
66.3
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.9
67
67.1
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.5
67.6
67.7
67.8
67.9
68
68.1
68.2

0.002456
0.002445
0.002434
0.002423
0.002412
0.002401
0.00239
0.002379
0.002368
0.002358
0.002347
0.002336
0.002326
0.002315
0.002305
0.002294
0.002284
0.002273
0.002263
0.002253
0.002243
0.002232
0.002222
0.002212
0.002202
0.002192
0.002182
0.002172
0.002162
0.002153
0.002143
0.002133
0.002124
0.002114
0.002104
0.002095
0.002085
0.002076
0.002066
0.002057
0.002048

63
66

istribution

For a particular Disney Ride, the mean time to

wait in line is 22 minutes (Distribution follows an
Exponential Distribution pattern.
mu
22 time to stand in line
x
15
P(x<=15)
0.494303
=1-EXP(1)^(-B3/B2)
P(x<=15)
0.494303
=EXPONDIST(B3,1/B2,1)
x
25
P(x>=25)
0.320984
=EXP(1)^-(B6/B2)
P(x>=25)
0.320984
=1-EXPONDIST(B6,1/B2,1)
P(15<=x<=25) 0.184713
=1-B8-B5
P(15<=x<=25) 0.184713
=EXPONDIST(B6,1/B2,1)-EXPONDIST(B3,1/B2,1)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3

f(x)
0.045455
0.045248
0.045043
0.044839
0.044636
0.044433
0.044232
0.044031
0.043831
0.043633
0.043435
0.043238
0.043042
0.042846
0.042652
0.042459
0.042266
0.042074
0.041884
0.041694
0.041505
0.041316
0.041129
0.040942
0.040757
0.040572
0.040388
0.040205
0.040022
0.039841
0.03966

For a particular Disney Ride, the mean time to wait in line is 22 minutes
(Distribution follows an Exponential Distribution pattern.
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
30
32.5
35
37.5
40
42.5
45
47.5
50
52.5
55
57.5

time to stand in line

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

0.03948
0.039301
0.039123
0.038946
0.038769
0.038593
0.038418
0.038244
0.038071
0.037898
0.037726
0.037555
0.037385
0.037215
0.037046
0.036878
0.036711
0.036545
0.036379
0.036214
0.03605
0.035886
0.035723
0.035561
0.0354
0.035239
0.03508
0.034921
0.034762
0.034605
0.034448
0.034291
0.034136
0.033981
0.033827
0.033674
0.033521
0.033369
0.033217
0.033067
0.032917
0.032768
0.032619
0.032471
0.032324
0.032177
0.032031

7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4

0.031886
0.031741
0.031597
0.031454
0.031312
0.03117
0.031028
0.030887
0.030747
0.030608
0.030469
0.030331
0.030193
0.030056
0.02992
0.029784
0.029649
0.029515
0.029381
0.029248
0.029115
0.028983
0.028852
0.028721
0.028591
0.028461
0.028332
0.028203
0.028075
0.027948
0.027821
0.027695
0.02757
0.027445
0.02732
0.027196
0.027073
0.02695
0.026828
0.026706
0.026585
0.026464
0.026344
0.026225
0.026106
0.025988
0.02587

12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17
17.1

0.025752
0.025636
0.025519
0.025404
0.025288
0.025174
0.02506
0.024946
0.024833
0.02472
0.024608
0.024497
0.024385
0.024275
0.024165
0.024055
0.023946
0.023837
0.023729
0.023622
0.023515
0.023408
0.023302
0.023196
0.023091
0.022986
0.022882
0.022778
0.022675
0.022572
0.02247
0.022368
0.022266
0.022165
0.022065
0.021965
0.021865
0.021766
0.021667
0.021569
0.021471
0.021374
0.021277
0.02118
0.021084
0.020989
0.020894

17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
18.9
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8

0.020799
0.020704
0.020611
0.020517
0.020424
0.020331
0.020239
0.020147
0.020056
0.019965
0.019875
0.019784
0.019695
0.019605
0.019516
0.019428
0.01934
0.019252
0.019165
0.019078
0.018991
0.018905
0.01882
0.018734
0.018649
0.018565
0.01848
0.018397
0.018313
0.01823
0.018147
0.018065
0.017983
0.017902
0.01782
0.01774
0.017659
0.017579
0.017499
0.01742
0.017341
0.017262
0.017184
0.017106
0.017029
0.016951
0.016875

21.9
22
22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.9
23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
24
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.8
24.9
25
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5

0.016798
0.016722
0.016646
0.01657
0.016495
0.016421
0.016346
0.016272
0.016198
0.016125
0.016052
0.015979
0.015906
0.015834
0.015762
0.015691
0.01562
0.015549
0.015478
0.015408
0.015338
0.015269
0.015199
0.015131
0.015062
0.014994
0.014926
0.014858
0.014791
0.014723
0.014657
0.01459
0.014524
0.014458
0.014393
0.014327
0.014262
0.014198
0.014133
0.014069
0.014005
0.013942
0.013879
0.013816
0.013753
0.013691
0.013629

26.6
26.7
26.8
26.9
27
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.9
28
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.9
29
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
30
30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9
31
31.1
31.2

0.013567
0.013505
0.013444
0.013383
0.013322
0.013262
0.013202
0.013142
0.013082
0.013023
0.012964
0.012905
0.012847
0.012788
0.01273
0.012673
0.012615
0.012558
0.012501
0.012444
0.012388
0.012332
0.012276
0.01222
0.012165
0.012109
0.012055
0.012
0.011945
0.011891
0.011837
0.011784
0.01173
0.011677
0.011624
0.011571
0.011519
0.011467
0.011415
0.011363
0.011311
0.01126
0.011209
0.011158
0.011108
0.011057
0.011007

31.3
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9
32
32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.9
33
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7
33.8
33.9
34
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.9
35
35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.7
35.8
35.9

0.010957
0.010907
0.010858
0.010809
0.01076
0.010711
0.010662
0.010614
0.010566
0.010518
0.01047
0.010423
0.010375
0.010328
0.010282
0.010235
0.010188
0.010142
0.010096
0.01005
0.010005
0.00996
0.009914
0.009869
0.009825
0.00978
0.009736
0.009692
0.009648
0.009604
0.00956
0.009517
0.009474
0.009431
0.009388
0.009345
0.009303
0.009261
0.009219
0.009177
0.009135
0.009094
0.009053
0.009012
0.008971
0.00893
0.00889

36
36.1
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.6
36.7
36.8
36.9
37
37.1
37.2
37.3
37.4
37.5
37.6
37.7
37.8
37.9
38
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.9
39
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.9
40
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.6

0.008849
0.008809
0.008769
0.00873
0.00869
0.008651
0.008611
0.008572
0.008533
0.008495
0.008456
0.008418
0.00838
0.008342
0.008304
0.008266
0.008229
0.008191
0.008154
0.008117
0.00808
0.008044
0.008007
0.007971
0.007935
0.007899
0.007863
0.007827
0.007792
0.007756
0.007721
0.007686
0.007651
0.007617
0.007582
0.007548
0.007514
0.00748
0.007446
0.007412
0.007378
0.007345
0.007311
0.007278
0.007245
0.007212
0.00718

40.7
40.8
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.9
42
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
42.9
43
43.1
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.5
43.6
43.7
43.8
43.9
44
44.1
44.2
44.3
44.4
44.5
44.6
44.7
44.8
44.9
45
45.1
45.2
45.3

0.007147
0.007115
0.007082
0.00705
0.007018
0.006987
0.006955
0.006923
0.006892
0.006861
0.00683
0.006799
0.006768
0.006737
0.006706
0.006676
0.006646
0.006616
0.006586
0.006556
0.006526
0.006496
0.006467
0.006438
0.006408
0.006379
0.00635
0.006322
0.006293
0.006264
0.006236
0.006208
0.00618
0.006152
0.006124
0.006096
0.006068
0.006041
0.006013
0.005986
0.005959
0.005932
0.005905
0.005878
0.005852
0.005825
0.005799

45.4
45.5
45.6
45.7
45.8
45.9
46
46.1
46.2
46.3
46.4
46.5
46.6
46.7
46.8
46.9
47
47.1
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.5
47.6
47.7
47.8
47.9
48
48.1
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7
48.8
48.9
49
49.1
49.2
49.3
49.4
49.5
49.6
49.7
49.8
49.9
50

0.005772
0.005746
0.00572
0.005694
0.005668
0.005643
0.005617
0.005592
0.005566
0.005541
0.005516
0.005491
0.005466
0.005441
0.005416
0.005392
0.005367
0.005343
0.005319
0.005295
0.005271
0.005247
0.005223
0.005199
0.005176
0.005152
0.005129
0.005106
0.005083
0.005059
0.005037
0.005014
0.004991
0.004968
0.004946
0.004923
0.004901
0.004879
0.004857
0.004835
0.004813
0.004791
0.004769
0.004748
0.004726
0.004705
0.004683

50.1
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.4
51.5
51.6
51.7
51.8
51.9
52
52.1
52.2
52.3
52.4
52.5
52.6
52.7
52.8
52.9
53
53.1
53.2
53.3
53.4
53.5
53.6
53.7
53.8
53.9
54
54.1
54.2
54.3
54.4
54.5
54.6
54.7

0.004662
0.004641
0.00462
0.004599
0.004578
0.004557
0.004537
0.004516
0.004495
0.004475
0.004455
0.004435
0.004415
0.004394
0.004375
0.004355
0.004335
0.004315
0.004296
0.004276
0.004257
0.004238
0.004218
0.004199
0.00418
0.004161
0.004142
0.004124
0.004105
0.004086
0.004068
0.004049
0.004031
0.004013
0.003994
0.003976
0.003958
0.00394
0.003922
0.003905
0.003887
0.003869
0.003852
0.003834
0.003817
0.0038
0.003782

54.8
54.9
55
55.1
55.2
55.3
55.4
55.5
55.6
55.7
55.8
55.9
56
56.1
56.2
56.3
56.4
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.8
56.9
57
57.1
57.2
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.7
57.8
57.9
58
58.1
58.2
58.3
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.7
58.8
58.9
59
59.1
59.2
59.3
59.4

0.003765
0.003748
0.003731
0.003714
0.003697
0.003681
0.003664
0.003647
0.003631
0.003614
0.003598
0.003582
0.003565
0.003549
0.003533
0.003517
0.003501
0.003485
0.003469
0.003454
0.003438
0.003422
0.003407
0.003391
0.003376
0.003361
0.003346
0.00333
0.003315
0.0033
0.003285
0.00327
0.003256
0.003241
0.003226
0.003211
0.003197
0.003182
0.003168
0.003154
0.003139
0.003125
0.003111
0.003097
0.003083
0.003069
0.003055

59.5
59.6
59.7
59.8
59.9
60
60.1
60.2
60.3
60.4
60.5
60.6
60.7
60.8
60.9
61
61.1
61.2
61.3
61.4
61.5
61.6
61.7
61.8
61.9
62
62.1
62.2
62.3
62.4
62.5
62.6
62.7
62.8
62.9
63
63.1
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.5
63.6
63.7
63.8
63.9
64
64.1

0.003041
0.003027
0.003013
0.003
0.002986
0.002973
0.002959
0.002946
0.002932
0.002919
0.002906
0.002893
0.00288
0.002866
0.002853
0.002841
0.002828
0.002815
0.002802
0.002789
0.002777
0.002764
0.002752
0.002739
0.002727
0.002714
0.002702
0.00269
0.002678
0.002665
0.002653
0.002641
0.002629
0.002617
0.002605
0.002594
0.002582
0.00257
0.002559
0.002547
0.002535
0.002524
0.002512
0.002501
0.00249
0.002478
0.002467

64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.8
64.9
65
65.1
65.2
65.3
65.4
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.8
65.9
66
66.1
66.2
66.3
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.9
67
67.1
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.5
67.6
67.7
67.8
67.9
68
68.1
68.2

0.002456
0.002445
0.002434
0.002423
0.002412
0.002401
0.00239
0.002379
0.002368
0.002358
0.002347
0.002336
0.002326
0.002315
0.002305
0.002294
0.002284
0.002273
0.002263
0.002253
0.002243
0.002232
0.002222
0.002212
0.002202
0.002192
0.002182
0.002172
0.002162
0.002153
0.002143
0.002133
0.002124
0.002114
0.002104
0.002095
0.002085
0.002076
0.002066
0.002057
0.002048

55
57.5
60
62.5
65
67.5

n line is 22 minutes
on pattern.