De La Salle University College of Education Science Education Department PHY 583M Earth and Environmental Science

Experiment # 5 METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER PART I HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION PART II HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION

Members:

Bayot, Joysol Lim, Perlita Uy, Roxanne

Prof:

Dr. Cecil Galvez

Class Period: Sat, 8:00 am 11:00 am Date performed: Date submitted: 4/6/13 4/13/13

PART I HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION/THEORY AND CONCEPTS Thermal energy transfer occurs between two substances, whenever there is a temperature difference between them. The process of thermal energy transfer from one substance to another by direct contact is know and conduction. During this process, thermal energy is transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance. Thermal energy transfer is dependent on the conductivity of the substance. Thermal conductivity is a measure of how fast thermal energy moves within a substance.

Solids are the best conductors of heat, and among solids, metals conduct heat the best. But metals differ in their conductivity-silver is a very good conductor; copper and aluminium are good conductors; iron and lead are poor conductors.

In this experiment two metals will be tested experimented in order to determine their thermal conductivity.

B. OBJECTIVES This activity aims: To determine how the type of material can affect conductivity of an object. To determine which type of metal will conduct thermal energy from one end to the other more rapidly.

C. HYPOTHESIS Aluminum will conduct thermal energy faster than brass

II.

METHOD
START A

SECURE MATERIALS

OBSERVE TEMPERATURE CHANGE FOR 15 MINUNTES

PREPARE SET-UP

USE DATA STUDIO PROGRAM

IS IT 15 MINUTES ALREADY? Y

ARRANGE SET UP ACCORDING TO THE DIAGRAM STOP RECORDING OF DATA ATTACH USB LINKS TO COMPUTER AND OPEN DATA STUDIO SOFTWARE GET FINAL TEMPERATURE DETERMINE WHICH METAL REPRENTS THE AUMINUM AND THE BRASS IS THE DATA COMPLETE AND ACCURATE? Y START DATA ATUDIO AND GET INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE METAL ROD

CLEAR ALL DATA FOR DATA STUDIO

FIX SET UP

TURN ON THE SOLDERING IRON

END

III.

Materials Used and experimental set-up

USB Link

2 PASPORT Temperature Sensors

Buret clamps Soldering iron

2 different metal rods with the same dimension

IV.

DATA
a. OBSERVATIONS in a DATA TABLE or CHART metal Starting Temp. (0C) 25.1 Ending Temp. (0C) 49.6 Time to Final temp. (s) 900 Slope of the Line

aluminium

0.0329

brass

25.5

35.2

900

0.0127

Table 1 .Shows the starting temperature, ending temperature, time to final temperature, and slope of the line for both aluminium and brass

b. GRAPHS

Figure 1. Temperature against time of aluminium and brass

Figure 2. Temperature against time of aluminium and brass with linear fit data c. CALCULATIONS

m= y2 y1 x2 x1 wherein m = slope y = change in temperature x= change in time

V. ANALYSIS Base from table 1, starting temperature is almost the same- 25.1 0C for aluminum while 25.1 0C for brass. The ending temperature, however, changed significantly- 49.6 0C for aluminum while 35.2 for brass. Slope of both metals is also is significant- 0.0329 for aluminum and brass has 0.0127.

VI.

CONCLUSION Aluminum heats up faster than brass because it has a higher thermal conductivity value than brass. Aluminum has a thermal conductivity of 0.57 cal/cm.s. 0C while brass has a thermal conductivity of 0.31 cal/cm.s. 0C.

VII.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. Was your prediction correct? Yes, aluminium conducts heat faster than brass 2. How do you know the metal cylinders conducted heat energy? Heat is the byproduct of an object vibrating at the molecular level. When those vibrations transmit to nearby collision molecules, heat transfer occurs. Generally, the less a metal weighs, the quicker it can transfer heat. 3. Which metal conducted heat energy the fastest? Explain using the slope data Aluminum conducts heat energy the fastest. It is less dense than brass, so has less mass per volume to absorb heat energy. For the same amount of heat energy put into the same volume of aluminum and brass, the aluminum will increase in temperature faster since there is less mass to heat up. This is also known as thermal inertia. Aluminum has less thermal inertia than brass. Their slope also defines heat energy transfer. The larger the slope, the faster it conducts heat energy, in this case aluminum has a slope of 0.0329 while brass has only 0.0127.

VIII. REFERENCES 1. Williams, Trinklein, Metcalfe. Modern Physics, 1st edition.1984 2. Cordero-Navaza and Valdes. Physics, 2nd edition. 2001 3. Hewitt. Conceptual Physics. 2005

PART II HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION/THEORY AND CONCEPTS Radiation (radiant energy) is the transfer of energy by invisible waves given off by the energy source. Heat from the sun travels through space by radiation. This form of heat, radiant heat, is thought to be produced by the internal vibration of the particles that make up a body that is the source of heat (like the sun), and moves through space in the form of a wave. Radiant heat is only one of the many forms of electromagnetic waves.

Color affects the amount of radiant heat absorbed by an object. Black or darkened surfaces absorb heat faster than white or light-colored ones. In this experiment a black painted cans temperature change will be compared with an unpainted can if exposed to the same amount of heat.

B. OBJECTIVES This activity aims: To determine how colour effects radiant energy transfer. To compare temperature change between a painted and an unpainted can by means of radiation

C. HYPOTHESIS Painted can will heat up more than the unpainted can

II.

METHOD
START A SECURE MATERIALS IS IT 15 MINUTES ALREADY? Y USE DATA STUDIO PROGRAM STOP RECORDING OF DATA

PREPARE SET-UP

ARRANGE SET UP heat lamp is about 20 cm. in front of the 2 cans GET FINAL TEMPERATURE

ATTACH USB LINKS TO COMPUTER AND OPEN DATA STUDIO SOFTWARE

DETERMINE WHICH METAL REPRENTS THE PAINTED AND THE UNPAINTED CAN

IS THE DATA COMPLETE AND ACCURATE? Y

CLEAR ALL DATA FOR DATA STUDIO

FIX SET UP

END START DATA STUDIO AND GET INITIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE CANS

OBSERVE TEMPERATURE CHANGE FOR 15 MINUNTES

III.

Materials Used and experimental set-up

USB Link

2 PASPORT Temperature Sensors 2 radiation cans painted black and silver

150 Watts lamp

IV.

DATA
a. OBSERVATIONS in a DATA TABLE or CHART Painted Can (0C) Starting Temp. 25.8 Unpainted Can (0C) 25.7

Ending Temp.

31.7

27.3

Change in Temp.

5.9

1.6

Table 1.Shows the comparison of absorption of radiation of a painted (black) versus an unpainted can

b. GRAPHS

Figure 1. Temperature against time of the painted (black) and unpainted (light) can

Figure 2. Temperature against time of the painted (black) and unpainted (light) can with linear fit data

c. CALCULATIONS Change in Temperature = Starting Temperature- Ending Temperature

V.

ANALYSIS Base from table 1 it shows the starting, ending and change in temperature for the painted and unpainted can. The painted can has almost the same starting temperature of 25.8 0C with the unpainted can, which was 25.7 0C. However Their ending temperature has a significant change- The painted cans temperature raised to 31.7 0C while the unpainted can has only raised to 27.3 0C. The change in temperature is 5.9 for the painted can while 1.6 only for the unpainted can. This shows that through radiation, the black can absorbed more heat efficiently.

VI.

CONCLUSION Dark colored materials will absorb more heat than light colored materials.

VII.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. Suppose you had to choose a roof color for a new house and were given two choices: dark grey or light grey. Which would you choose to keep your house cooler in the summer? Why? One should choose the light grey color. Light colors reflect heat and sunlight; whereas dark colors absorb heat and light. Buildings are similar to people. If one has a darkcolored roof, ones building will be hotter than if it had a light-colored roof. This same roof, on a clear, cool night will transmit more heat from the house than would a light colored roof. A white or nearly white roof will reflect solar radiation during the day and will not radiate much heat at night.

2. Why does an asphalt parking lot feel hotter in the summer than an adjacent grassy area? Asphalt is very "dark" in color. Things that appear dark in color reflect much less visible light than those that are light. Instead of reflecting all that light, it is absorbed. Being absorbed means that when the energy from the light strikes the molecules it causes the atoms to vibrate. This vibration is heat. This heat then radiates to the ambient air around it, causing it to also be much warmer. Grass is "bright" in color. Grass has large quantities of water in it, which constantly is being converted and evaporated. The act of evaporating water requires heat, so it "sucks" the heat out of the grass. That heat does then go into the surrounding area, but to remain a gas, the water must hold onto it, and because of it's low density the water vapor rises away from the ground, both things decreasing the ambient air temperature. Grass also directly uses the energy provided by the light to break apart and recombine molecules from water, air and other sources for life and growth. Think of it as "eating" what is around it. This process is called photosynthesis

VIII. REFERENCES 1. Williams, Trinklein, Metcalfe. Modern Physics, 1st edition.1984 2. Cordero-Navaza and Valdes. Physics, 2nd edition. 2001 3. Hewitt. Conceptual Physics. 2005