Criminal Jurisdiction Hierarchy of Courts Remedies after Final Judgment

Search & Seizure 1) Nature a) Definition i) Exclusionary rule ii) Private search iii) Marital spouses b) Constitution i) Nature of right protected; waiver ii) Scope of protection iii) Enhanced Senses iv) Anti-wiretapping Law v) Human Security Act c) Types i) With Warrant (1) Generally (2) Venue of application (3) Requisites (a) Probable cause (b) Determination of probable cause (i) Who determines? (ii) Personal examination by searching questions (c) Description of things (d) Description of place (4) Personal properties to be seized (a) Rules on DNA evidence (5) Form of warrant (6) Validity ii) Warrantless (1) Search incident to lawful arrest (a) Warrantless search of computers and cellphones (2) Consented search (3) Stop and frisk (4) Roadblocks (5) Checkpoints (6) Moving vehicles / hot pursuit (7) Plain View doctrine (8) Private searches & State expansion of private search (9) Extraordinary circumstances (10) Concepts of: Fruit of the Poisonous Tree; Attenuation; Inevitable Discovery 2) Procedure a) Service i) Time ii) 2-witness rule iii) Right to break in / break out b) Post-service i) Receipt ii) Delivery/inventory/return 3) Remedies

a) b) c) d)

Motion to quash & motion to suppress evidence Waiver of Jurisdiction & Non-Waiver of Admissibility Return of property illegally seized Criminal liability & civil damages i) Remedy against warrantless search

Arrest 1) Nature a) Definition i) Immunities b) Types i) With warrant (1) How issued & when (2) Requisites (a) By RTC (b) By inferior courts (3) How effected/served (4) Assistance/break in/break out ii) Warrantless (1) When justified (a) Old rule (b) New rule (2) Method of arrest by officer (3) Method of arrest by private person (4) Post-arrest procedure (5) Exceptions construed strictly (6) Special Rule for Juveniles in Conflict with Law iii) John Doe warrants iv) DNA warrants v) Invitations 2) Custodial Investigation a) Nature i) Definition ii) Duty of police / procedure b) Rights involved & consequences i) Rights involved ii) Consequences of violation c) Specific requirements in case law i) Waiver of right to counsel ii) Counsel of choice during custodial investigation iii) Right to inform detainee iv) Police line-up
v) Proof of voluntariness of confession; burden on prosecution vi) Exceptional cases of uncounseled confessions not held to be excluded

3) Remedies a) Rights of persons under arrest b) Remedies i) MTQ warrant ii) Bail iii) Habeas corpus iv) Writ of amparo v) Effects of plea on objections to legality of arrest (1) Non-curability of illegal nature of arrest vi) Criminal liability for unlawful arrest vii) Suppression of evidence obtained

Bail 1. Nature a. Definition b. Nature i. Matter of right 1. Arraignment not pre-requisite to bail ii. Discretionary 1. Duties of judge 2. Interim bail 2. Types & conditions a. Corporate surety b. Cash deposit c. Property bond d. Recognizance 3. Amount a. Guidelines b. When not required 4. Forfeiture & cancellation 5. Bail filed with other courts 6. Bail on appeal

Institution of Criminal Action 1. Nature a. Criminal liability b. Civil liability 2. Institution of actions arising from crime a. Criminal aspect i. Generally ii. Venue & jurisdiction 1. MTC 2. RTC iii. Test of sufficiency iv. Person prosecuting criminal action 1. Intervention of offended party 2. Non-retroactivity of removal of complaint requirement in Rape v. Form and content
1. Procedural a. Name of accused and offended party b. Designation of offense c. Formal amendment

2. Substantive a. Single offense b. Cause of accusation

c. Date, place and time of commission

vi. Suspension of criminal action by reason of prejudicial question b. Civil aspect

i. Suspension of separate civil action

ii. Acquittal and civil liability 3. Remedies

a. Amendment/substitution of information

b. MTQ c. Bill of particulars d. Provisional remedies

Preliminary Investigation 1. Definition a. Purpose i. Probable cause b. When required c. Persons authorized 2. Procedure when required a. RTC b. MTC c. Sandiganbayan 3. Procedure when not required a. MTC b. Lawfully arrested without warrant 4. Remedies a. Appeal b. Reinvestigation i. Effect of absence/irregularity of preliminary investigation c. Reconsideration d. Injunction e. Certiorari f. Bail, effect of posting

Motion to Quash 1. Grounds 2. Effects a. Period of filing b. Effect of sustaining c. Failure to quash 3. Provisional dismissal 4. Remedy if denied

Arraignment & Plea 1. Arraignment a. Nature b. Procedure c. Pre-arraignment i. Attachment of PI record ii. Bill of particulars iii. Motion for Production and Inspection of Material Evidence in possession of the Prosecution iv. Suspension v. Conditional arraignment vi. Diversion program 2. Plea a. Nature/purpose b. Types i. Guilty 1. Denial 2. Refusal to enter plea / conditional plea 3. With exculpatory evidence 4. Withdrawal of improvident plea ii. Not guilty 1. Plea bargain 2. Non-capital offense 3. Capital offense 4. Effects of improvident plea