Internal Technical Document

VIETNAM STANDARD

TCVN 5297: 1995

Soil quality Sampling General requirements

1. Applicable scale: This standard regulates the general requirement on soil sampling in order to determine elements, factors and quality of soil, rate of soil pollution. 2. Terms: This standard uses terms as those in Appendix A. 3. Sampling requirement 3.1. It should consider the vertical structure when sampling, changing the element according to the space, the in unity of surface land, local terrain and climate and features of analyzed pollutants and biology. 3.2. Pollution of soil is divided into 2 types: Wholly pollution. Local pollution. 3.3. Wholly polluted areas is divided into 2 types: Areas considered as equal pollution one Areas considered as unequal pollution one 3.4. Sampled area must be chosen so as to abstract the difference of analyzed result under the environmental impact. 3.5. When requiring the comparative result, unpolluted soil sample taken from areas with the same natural conditions as those of polluted areas. 3.6. For wholly polluted areas, site for soil sampling must chosen under the co-ordinate net that specifies the co-ordinate and the order of sampling site.

3.6.1. Sampling location at areas considered as polluted ones must be chosen under co-ordinate net with equal space of lines;
3.6.2. Soil sampling location considered as unequal pollution ones must be chosen under coordinate net with unequal space of lines. Space among lines of chosen net according to the length from pollution source and the main spreading smelt, 3.6.3. The pollution caused by microorganism and virus containing solid and liquid waste from residential areas or raising units, co-ordinate net to determine sampling location must consider the distribution of these substances on the area. 3.6.4. In case of local pollution, to determine the sampling location, it should use common center circle system that far from the pollution sources with different spaces, specifying the order of the circle and co ordinate of sampling location in comparison with the selected standard direction and location. Under the main distribution of pollutants, common- cetner

Construction Dept. - Internal translation only (TCVN 5297:1995)

Internal Technical Document circle system determined according to sector with the size depending on the distribution rate of pollution. 3.7. Sampling from cross section of soil so as to each soil sample is the typical one for all soil layer or the soil layer with the consideration of layers moving correspondingly to the soil type. When researching the pollution of agricultural land caused by biology and virus, sampling of cultivating layer at the depth from 0 to 5 cm and from 5 to 20 cm.

3.8. Size of sampling land lot, number and type of sample depending on the researching aim must be in accordant with index in Table 1.

Table 1 - Size of sampling land lot and number of samples under researching aim.
Researching aim Size of sampling land lot Number and type of sample Identical soil Un-identical soil Determining the capacity From 1 5 ha From 0.5 to 1 One complex sample from at of chemicals in soil ha least one single sample on the same soil layer Determining physical From 1 to 5 ha From 0.5 to 1 From 3 to 5 single samples on substances and soil structure ha the same soil layer Researching From 0.1 to 0.1 ha 10 complex samples, each microorganism and virus 0.5 ha from 3 single samples. 3.8.1. When the thickness of the soil layer greater than 40cm taking at least 2 particular samples from different depth. 3.8.2. When the soil is polluted, depending the type, rate and degree of pollution unity, number of sampler must increase. 3.8.3. Weight of complex sample must not less than 1kg. 3.8.4. In order to determined the physical feature of the soil, sample must be taken under the whole one. The whole land volume must not less than 100 cm3.

3.8.5. To discover the microorganism and virus the sampling must be in accordant with the aseptic principle to avoid the more serious pollution caused by sampling. Sample used for research must not be less than 100g.
3.9. On the brand of soil sample must specify the location and date of sampling, member of cross-section, layer and depth of sampling, including the name of soil. 3.10. Sample used for chemical analysis transported and maintained on containers made from chemical inert materials.

3.11. It should charge the structure of soil sample when handling the sample.
3.12. Sample used for analyzing and discovering microorganism and virus handled and maintained in aseptic container. In order to biologically investigate and discover intermediary

Construction Dept. - Internal translation only (TCVN 5297:1995)

Internal Technical Document chemicals the researched sample must not be later than 5 hour's after being taken or maintained at 40-0C within 2 days at the latest. Appendix A Terms and Definitions

Table 2
Terms 1. Sampling land lot 2. Single sample Definitions One part of researching area is typical by similar conditions Materials taken from one location of the layer of soil cross section soil that is typical for that layer 3. Complex sample The complex of at least 2 single samples 4. Identical surface The surface soil layer containing at least 70% of materials with the soil layer same feature 5. Un identical The surface soil layer containing less than 70% of materials with the surface soil layer same feature 6. Whole pollution Pollution caused plant protection chemicals, chemical fertilizer and organics fertilizer and pollution caused by industrial, traffic and other wastes that widely spread 7. Local pollution Pollution in limited area (discharging source of pollutants, discharging, problems and others)

Construction Dept. - Internal translation only (TCVN 5297:1995)