INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR

STUDY PERIOD 1997 - 2000

COM 13-30-E March 1998 Original: English

Question: 19/13

STUDY GROUP 13 CONTRIBUTION 30 SOURCE*: TITLE: ABSTRACT This contribution reports the version 3.0 of Draft Rec. G.otn as produced at the last Rapporteurs Meeting (Geneva, 5-10 February, 1998). SUMMARY Draft Rec. G.otn describes the functional architecture of optical transport networks using the modelling methodology described in Rec. G.805. The optical transport network functionality is described from a network level view point, taking into account an optical network layered structure, client characteristic information, client/server layer associations, networking topology, and layer network functionality providing optical signal transmission, multiplexing, routing, supervision, performance assessment, and network survivability. RAPPORTEUR OF Q.19/13 DRAFT RECOMMENDATION G.OTN (VERSION 3.0)#

Editor: Tel: + 44 1473 645010 Fax: + 44 1473 644316 Email: alan.mcguire@bt-sys.bt.co.uk

Alan McGuire 128, B29, BT Laboratories Martlesham Heath, Ipswich Suffolk, United Kingdom

Attention: This is not an ITU publication made available to the public, but an internal ITU Document intended only for use by the Member States of the ITU and by its Sector Members and their respective staff and collaborators in their ITU related work. It shall not be made available to, and used by, any other persons or entities without the prior written consent of the ITU.

*Antonio Manzalini CSELT Via Reiss Romoli, 274 Turin, ITALY ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

Tel: + 39 11 2285817 Fax: + 39 11 2285840 Email: antonio.manzalini@cselt.it

-2COM 13-30-E

Draft ITU-T Recommendation G.otn (version 3.0) ARCHITECTURE OF OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS (Geneva, February 1998) Page

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-3COM 13-30-E

ARCHITECTURE OF OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS Scope This Recommendation describes the functional architecture of optical transport networks using the modelling methodology described in Recommendation G.805. The optical transport network functionality is described from a network level view point, taking into account an optical network layered structure, client characteristic information, client/server layer associations, networking topology, and layer network functionality providing optical signal transmission, multiplexing, routing, supervision, performance assessment, and network survivability. This Recommendation is restricted to the functional description of optical transport networks that support digital signals. The support of analogue or mixed digital/analogue signals is outside of the current scope. It is recognised that the design of optical networks is subject to limitations imposed by the accumulation of degradations introduced by the number of network elements and their network topology. However, many of these degradations and the magnitude of their affects, are associated with particular technological implementations of the architecture described in this recommendation and are therefore subject to change as technology progresses. As such the description of these effects is outside the scope of this Recommendation. References The following ITU-T Recommendations, and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. 1 ITU-T Recommendation G.681 (199?), Functional characteristics of interoffice and long-haul line systems using optical amplifiers, including optical multiplexing 2 ITU-T Recommendation G.805 (1995), Generic functional architecture of transport networks 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Recommendation, the following definitions apply: Overhead Information: Five types of overhead information are defined: 1 Trail Termination Overhead Information is the information generated by the trail termination source and extracted by the trail termination sink to monitor the trail. This overhead information is specific to a layer network and is independent of any client/server relationship between network layers.

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-4COM 13-30-E

2 Client Specific Overhead Information is associated with a particular client/server relationship and is therefore processed by a particular adaptation function. 3 Auxiliary Channel Overhead Information is information that may be transferred by an optical network layer but which does not by necessity have to be associated with a particular connection. An example of such an auxiliary channel is a datacommunications channel for the purposes of transferring management data between management entities. NOTE These management entities are not trail termination and adaptation functions 4 Reserved Overhead Information for national use. 5 Unassigned Overhead Information. This overhead may of types 1,2, 3 and 4 defined above. Optical Supervisory Channel: The optical supervisory channel associated with the optical transmission section is an optical carrier that transfers overhead information between optical transmission section transport entities. The supervisory channel may support more than one type of overhead information. This overhead information may be used by one or more transport network layers. Abbreviations For the purposes of this Recommendation the following abbreviations are used: AIS AP ATM CDM CP MPCP OCh OCh_LC OCh_NC OCh_SN OCh_SNC OCh_T OMS OMS-n OMS_LC OMS_NC Alarm indication signal Access point Asynchronous transfer mode Code division multiplexing Connection point Multipoint connection point Optical channel Optical channel link connection Optical channel network connection Optical channel subnetwork Optical channel subnetwork network connection Optical channel termination Optical multiplex section Optical multiplex section of order n Optical multiplex section link connection Optical multiplex section network connection

OCh/Client_A Optical channel/client adaptation

OMS/OCh_A Optical multiplex section/Optical channel adaptation

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-5COM 13-30-E

OMS_SN OMS_SNC OSS OTDM OTM OTM-p OTN OTS OTS-p OTS_LC OTS_NC OTS_T OTU OTUG-n PDH RS SDH SNC STM-N TDM WDM 4

Optical multiplex section subnetwork Optical multiplex section subnetwork connection Optical SDH Section Optical time division multiplexing Optical transport module Optical transport module of order p Optical transport network Optical transmission section Optical transmission section of order p Optical transmission section link connection Optical transmission section network connection Optical transmission section termination Optical transport unit Optical transport group of order n Plesiochronous digital hierarchy Regenerator section Synchronous digital hierarchy Sub-network connection Synchronous transport module level N Time division multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing

OTS/OMS_A Optical transmission section/Optical multiplex section adaptation

Transport Functional Architecture of Optical Networks General Principles Optical networks are comprised of functionality providing transport, multiplexing, routing, supervision and survivability of client signals that are processed predominantly in the photonic domain. This functionality for optical networks is described from a network level view point using the generic principles defined in Recommendation G.805. The specific aspects concerning the optical transport network layered structure, characteristic information, client/server layer associations, network topology, and layer network functionality are provided in this Recommendation. This Recommendation uses the terminology, functional architecture and diagrammatic conventions defined in Recommendation G.805. In accordance with G.805 the optical transport network is decomposed into independent transport layer networks where each layer network can be separately partitioned in a way which reflects the internal structure of that layer network.

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-6COM 13-30-E

In the following functional description, optical signals are characterised by wavelength (or central frequency) and may be processed per wavelength or as a wavelength division multiplexed group of wavelengths. The functional description of other optical multiplexing techniques (e.g. optical CDM) in optical networks is for future study. Optical Transport Network Layered Structure The optical transport network layered structure is comprised of the optical channel, optical multiplex section and optical transmission section layer networks, as illustrated in Figure 1. Motivation for this three-layer structure is as follows. Optical Channel Layer Network: This layer network provides end-to-end networking of optical channels for transparently conveying client information of varying format (e.g. SDH STM-N, PDH 565 Mbit/s, cell based ATM, etc.). The description of supported client layer networks will be given in G.onr. To provide end-to-end networking, the following capabilities are included in the layer network: 5 6 7 optical channel connection rearrangement for flexible network routing; optical channel overhead processes for ensuring integrity of the optical channel adapted information; optical channel supervisory functions for enabling network level operations and management functions, such as connection provisioning, quality of service parameter exchange and network survivability. Optical Multiplex Section Layer Network : This layer network provides functionality for networking of a multi-wavelength optical signal. Networking capabilities included in the layer network are: 8 9 optical multiplex section connection rearrangement for flexible multi-wavelength network routing; optical multiplex section overhead processes for ensuring integrity of the multiwavelength optical multiplex section adapted information;

10 optical multiplex section supervisory functions for enabling section level operations and management functions, such as multiplex section connection provisioning and network survivability. These networking capabilities performed for multi-wavelength optical signals are envisaged to provide more efficient operation and management of optical networks. Optical Transmission Section Layer Network: This layer network provides functionality for transmission of optical signals on optical media of various type (single mode, multi-mode, etc.). This functionality also includes capabilities for supervision of optical amplifiers or repeaters when present in the optical transmission section layer network (see Recommendation G.681). The detailed functional description of the optical layer networks is given in the following subsections.
10.1

Optical Channel Layer Network

The optical channel layer network provides for the transport of digital client signals through an optical channel trail between access points. The characteristic information of an optical channel layer network is a logical signal in the form of an encoded
ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-7COM 13-30-E

continuous data stream with associated overhead information which includes an integrity check.This characteristic information is an Optical Transport Unit (OTU). The optical channel layer network contains the following transport functions and transport entities (see figure 2) 11 Optical channel trail 12 Optical channel termination source (OCh_T source) 13 Optical channel termination sink (OCh_T sink) 14 Optical channel network connection (OCh_NC) 15 Optical channel link connection (OCh_LC) 16 Optical channel subnetwork (OCh_SN) 17 Optical channel subnetwork connection (OCh_SNC)
17.1.1

Optical Channel Termination

The following generic processes may be assigned to the optical channel trail termination: 18 validation of connectivity integrity 19 assessment of transmission quality 20 transmission defect detection and indication The means of providing these processes is described in Section 6.2. Optical channel bidirectional termination: consists of a pair of co-located optical channel termination source and sink functions. Optical channel termination source: accepts adapted information from a client layer network at its input, inserts the optical channel overhead and presents the characteristic information of the optical channel layer network at its output. Optical channel termination sink: accepts the characteristic information of the optical channel layer network at its input, extracts the optical channel overhead and presents the adapted information at its output. Optical Multiplex Section Layer Network The optical multiplex section layer network provides the transport of optical channels through an optical multiplex section trail between access points. The characteristic information of an optical multiplex section layer network is a set of n optical channels which taken as a set have a defined aggregate optical bandwidth with associated overhead information including integrity check. Each channel has a defined carrier wavelength (frequency) and optical bandwidth (the supported optical channel bandwidth plus source stability). This characteristic information is an Optical Transport Unit Group of order n (OTUG-n). The possibility of having only m channels, where m < n are active or the need to fully populate the OMS is an open issue. In this instance the characteristic information is referred to as an OTUG-m. The optical multiplex section layer network contains the following transport functions and transport entities (see figure 3)

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-8COM 13-30-E

21 OMS trail 22 OMS termination source (OMS_T source) 23 OMS termination sink (OMS_T sink) 24 OMS network connection (OMS_NC) 25 OMS link connection (OMS_LC) 26 OMS subnetwork (OMS_SN) 27 OMS subnetwork connection (OMS_SNC) 28 Optical Multiplex Section Termination The following generic termination processes may be assigned to the optical multiplex section termination: 29 validation of connectivity integrity 30 assessment of transmission quality 31 transmission defect detection and indication The means of providing these processes is described in Section 6.2. OMS bidirectional termination: consists of a pair of co-located optical multiplex section termination source and sink functions. Optical multiplex section termination source: accepts adapted information from a client layer network at its input, inserts the OMS overhead and presents the characteristic information of the OMS layer network at its output. Optical multiplex section termination sink: accepts the characteristic information of the OMS layer network at its input, extracts the OMS overhead and presents the adapted information at its output. Optical Transmission Section Layer Network The optical transmission section layer network provides the transport of optical multiplex sections through an optical transmission section trail between access points. The optical transmission section layer network has a characteristic information of the form OTSp, which supports a single instance of an OMSn, where p n, over a defined wavelength range, with defined optical parameters such as power level, signal to noise ratio and overhead information including integrity check. This characteristic information is an Optical Transport Module of order p (OTM-p) . The OTS layer network contains the following transport functions and transport entities (see figure 4) 32 OTS trail 33 OTS termination source (OTS_T source) 34 OTS termination sink (OTS_T sink) 35 OTS network connection (OTS_NC) 36 OTS link connection (OTS_LC) The need to model subnetworks for restoration is for further study. Optical Transmission Section Termination

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

-9COM 13-30-E

The following generic processes may be assigned to the optical transmission trail termination: 37 validation of connectivity 38 assessment of transmission quality 39 transmission defect detection and indication The means of providing these processes is described in Section 6.2. OTS bidirectional termination: consists of a pair of co-located optical transmission section termination source and sink functions. OTS termination source: accepts adapted information from a client layer network at its input, inserts the OTS overhead into the optical supervisory channel, and adds the optical supervisory channel to the main signal. The termination function conditions the information for transmission over the physical medium and ensures that the optical signal meets the physical interface requirements. The output of the OTS termination source is the characteristic information of the optical transmission section layer network. This characteristic information is referred to as an optical transport module (OTM). OTS termination sink: accepts the characteristic information of the transmission section layer network at its input, reconditions the information to compensate for signal degradation resulting from transmission over the physical medium, extracts the optical supervisory channel from the main optical signal, processes the OTS overhead contained within the optical supervisory channel and presents the adapted information at its output. Client/Server Associations A principle feature of optical transport networks is the possibility of supporting a wide variety of client layer networks. Examples of these client layer networks include an SDH STM-N, and a contiguous ATM cell stream [editing note - other digital signals with associated timing framing etc. may be defined]. Restrictions or rules that limit the capability of an optical channel to transfer a particular client layer network are for further study. The structure of the optical layer networks and the adaptation functions is shown in figure 1. For the purposes of description of the optical transport network the interlayer adaptation is named using the server/client relationship. OCh/Client Adaptation The OCh/Client adaptation (OCh/Client_A) is considered to consist of two types of processes, client specific processes and server specific processes. The description of the client specific processes is outside the scope of G.otn. The bidirectional OCh/Client adaptation (OCh/Client_A) function is performed by a co-located pair of source and sink OCh/Client adaptation functions. The OCh/Client_A_So performs the following processes between its input and its output: 40 all the processing required to generate a continuous data stream that can be modulated onto an optical frequency carrier. The processes required are dependent upon the particular client/server relationship and may be null. For a digital client
ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 10 COM 13-30-E

the adaptation may include processing such as scrambling and channel coding (e.g. NRZ). For a digital mapping the adapted information is a continuous data stream of defined bit rate and coding scheme. 41 management specific processes are described in section 6.2. The OCh/Client adaptation sink (OCh/Client_A_Sk) performs the following processes between its input and its output: 42 recovery of the client signal from the continuous data stream. The processes are dependent upon the particular client/server relationship and can be null. For a digital client the adaptation may include processes such as timing recovery, decoding and descrambling. 43 management specific processes as described in section 6.2. 44 OMS/OCh Adaptation The OMS/OCh adaptation source (OMS/OCh_A_So) performs the following processes between its input and its output: The bidirectional OMS/OCh adaptation (OMS/OCh_A) function is performed by a co-located pair of source and sink OMS/OCh adaptation functions. 45 modulation of an optical carrier by the optical transport unit signal by means of a defined modulation scheme 46 wavelength (or frequency) and power allocation to the optical carrier 47 optical channel multiplexing to form an optical multiplex 48 management specific processes as described in section 6.2. The OMS/OCh adaptation sink (OMS/OCh_A_Sk) performs the following processes between its input and its output: 49 optical channel demultiplexing according to carrier wavelength (or frequency) 50 termination of the optical carrier and recovery of the optical transport unit 51 management specific processes as described in section 6.2.
51.1.1

OTS/OMS Adaptation

The bidirectional OTS/OMS adaptation (OTS/OMS_A) function is performed by a co-located pair of source and sink OTS/OMS adaptation functions. The OTS/OMS adaptation source (OTS/OMS_A_So) performs the following processes between its input and its output:Processes associated with the OTS/OMS adaptation source are for further study. Note - the adaptation function can be considered as having two data streams associated with it, one regarding the main optical payload and a second associated with that part of the supervisory channel that is not processed by the OTS_T. The OSC data stream requires further decomposition and definition of the frame and format by SG 15 and is therefore for further study. The relationship between this OSC information and other layer networks is also for further study. This is also the case for the sink adaptation function.

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 11 COM 13-30-E

The OTS/OMS adaptation sink (OTS/OMS_A_Sk) performs the following processes between its input and its output: 52 Processes associated with the OTS/OMS adaptation sink are for further study 53 Connection Functions The OCh connection function, OCh_C, and OMS connection function, OMS_C, provide flexibility within their respective network layers. In each case characteristic information is routed between input (termination) connection points ((T)CPs) and output (T)CPs. The connection functions may be used by the network operator to provide routeing, grooming, protection and restoration. Optical Network Topology Optical network layers can support unidirectional and bidirectional point-to-point connections, and undirectional point-to-multipoint connections. Unidirectional and Bidirectional Connections and Trails A bidirectional connection in a server layer network may support either bidirectional or unidirectional client layer networks but a unidirectional server layer network may only support unidirectional clients. A bidirectional optical transmission section layer network connection may be supported by one optical fibre for both directions (single fibre working) or each direction of the connection may be supported by different fibres. [editors note: OAM and overhead transfer in single fibre working is currently not considered in G.otn and is for further study.] Point-to-Multipoint Connections and Trails A unidirectional point-to-multipoint connection broadcasts the traffic from the source to a number of sinks. This is illustrated in figure 5 where a point-to-multipoint connection is provided in the optical channel layer by means of a multipoint connection point (MPCP). The MPCP is a reference point that binds a port to a set of connections. It represents the root of a multipoint connection. The broadcast function provided by the MPCP binding is limited to the subnetwork in which it exists. It may form part of a multicast (selective broadcast) function within a larger (containing) subnetwork. The multipoint connection is restricted to a unidirectional broadcast multipoint connection in optical transport networks. This type of connection can be applied in either the optical channel or optical multiplex section layer network. Optical Network Management This section describes network management for the optical transport network. In particular it describes the generic requirements for fault, performance and configuration management. This section also describes techniques for connection supervision. Generic Requirements
53.1

Generic fault and configuration management

The optical transport network shall be able to confirm that a particular trail has been setup as specified - end-to-end
ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 12 COM 13-30-E

- within and between administrative domains It shall provide a means of detection and notification in the event of a misconnection. The optical transport network shall provide facilities to: - ensure interconnection of transport network entities that have compatible adapted or characteristic information. - Detect faults, isolate faults and initiate recovery actions where applicable. In the event of a signal within the server layer being interrupted, upstream and downstream network entities in the server layer shall be notified. The optical transport network shall provide monitoring within/between administrative boundaries. Generic performance management The optical transport network shall be able to detect performance degradations to avoid failures and verify quality of service: - end-to end; - within and between administrative domains Generic management communications The optical transport network shall support communications between: - personnel at remote sites - OSs and remote NEs - craft terminals and local or remote NEs These forms of communication may also be supported externally to the optical transport network. Generic client/server interaction management The optical transport network shall detect and indicate when a signal is not present at a client layer, even in the case where the server layer is operating normally. In order to avoid unnecessary, inefficient or conflicting survivability actions escalation strategies (e.g. introduction of hold-off times and alarm suppression methods) are required: - within a layer; - between the server and client layer. Optical layer network requirements The generic requirements described in section 6.1 is applicable to the optical transport network in general. This section describes the specific requirements of individual layer networks in the OTN. These are described in table 1. Connection Supervision Techniques Connection supervision is the process of monitoring the integrity of a given connection in the optical transmission section, optical multiplex section or optical channel layer networks. The integrity may be verified by means of detecting and
ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 13 COM 13-30-E

reporting connectivity and transmission performance defects for a given connection. Recommendation G.805 defines four types of monitoring techniques for connections. The connection supervision process can be applied to network connections and connection segments, where the latter is defined as an arbitrary series of subnetwork connections and link connections. Inherent Monitoring Connections may be indirectly monitored by using the inherently available data from the server layers and computing the approximate state of the client connection from the available data. The use of this monitoring technique for optical network layer connections is for further study. Non-Intrusive Monitoring The connection is directly monitored by use of listen only (non-intrusive) monitoring of the original data and overhead. The approximate state of the connection can be determined by the information provided at each of the monitoring points. Non-intrusive monitoring of the characteristic information transported by a connection is an application that can be used to provide fault localisation. If a trail termination sink function detects a disturbance it may not be immediately obvious where this disturbance first originated. The trail termination sink function therefore indicates that there is a disturbance of a certain kind but not where it is. In order to locate such a disturbance, the trail is viewed as a series of link connections. At the end of every link connection a non-intrusive monitoring termination sink function (TTm) may be used to monitor the characteristic information at that point. The TTm does not provide any adapted information at its output. An example of the application of non-intrusive monitoring is illustrated in figure 6. Traversing from the trail termination sink function and going towards the trail termination source, the fault is located between those two termination sink functions of which the upstream function reports disturbance free performance while the other reports the disturbance condition. Intrusive Monitoring The connection is directly monitored by breaking the original trail and introducing a test trail that extends over the connection for the duration of the test. This allows all parameters to be monitored directly, however, the user trail is not complete and this technique is therefore restricted to the beginning of trail setup, or intermittent testing. The application of this technique to optical network layers is for further study. Sublayer Monitoring Sublayer monitoring is part way between intrusive and non-intrusive monitoring, some portion of the original trails overhead is over-written such that the connection can be directly monitored. In this instance the connection is network connection of the monitored sublayer. If the original overhead was unused then this monitoring is effectively non-intrusive on the original trail. The application of this technique to optical network transport layers is for further study. Monitoring of Unused Connections Monitoring the integrity of unused connections in optical transport network layers is for further study.

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 14 COM 13-30-E

Segment Connection Monitoring The intended role of connection segments is to represent that portion of a trail that exists within a particular administrative region. Segment connection monitoring in optical transport network layers is for further study. Optical Network Survivability Techniques This section describes the architectural features of network strategies that may be applied to enhance the survivability of optical transport networks from network link and node impairments. The survivability techniques considered for optical transport networks encompass both protection and network restoration capabilities. Protection A protection application makes use of pre-assigned capacity between nodes. The simplest architecture has 1 working and 1 protection capacity (1+1), the most complex architecture has n working and m protection capacities (m:n). Two types of protection architecture are considered: trail protection and sub-network connection protection. Trail Protection: Trail protection is a dedicated protection mechanism that can be used on any physical structure (i.e. meshed, ring or mixed). It can be applied in both the OCh and OMS layers. Trail protection is not recommended for use in the OTS layer. Generically it is an end to end protection mechanism. A working trail is replaced by a protection trail if the working trail fails or if the performance falls below the required level. Trail protection can operate in a unidirectional or bidirectional manner. Unidirectional protection is defined as a protection switching method which takes switching action only at the affected end of the protection entity in the case of unidirectional failure. [editors note - this needs to be defined for bidirectional as well] Trail protection may also be 1+1, where the dedicated protection trail is only used for protection purposes, or 1:1 where extra traffic may be supported. The following types of trail protection may be used in optical transport layers: 1+1 Unidirectional Trail Protection in optical line systems. In this architecture a permanent bridge is utilised at the transmit end. At the receive end of the trail a protection switch is effected by selecting one of the signals based on purely local information. This architecture can be applied in either the OMS or OCh layers. In the latter case it is not necessary to protect all optical channels carried by the line system. This architecture is illustrated in figure 7. It may be used without an automatic protection switching protocol. All other types of trail protection including OMS and OCh trail protection in other configurations is for further study. Subnetwork Connection Protection: Subnetwork connection protection is a dedicated protection mechanism that may be used on any physical structure (i.e. meshed, ring, or mixed). It may be used to protect part or all of a network connection. Subnetwork connection protection using inherent monitoring (SNC/I) protects against failures in the server layer. The switching process and defect detection process are performed by two adjacent layers, with the server layer providing the defect detection

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 15 COM 13-30-E

process and the client layer receives Server Signal Fail (SSF) generated by the server layer. Subnetwork connection protection using non-intrusive monitoring (SNC/N) uses client layer information to protect against failures in the server layer and failures and degradations in the client layer. The following SNC protection architectures have been identified for optical networks: 1+1 Unidirectional SNC/N for optical line systems In this architecture a permanent bridge is utilised at the transmit end. At the receive end of the trail a protection switch is effected by selecting one of the signals based on purely local information. This architecture can be applied in the OTS network layer where its application is restricted to network connections rather than subnetwork connections. It is therefore suitable for short haul optical line systems without in line amplifiers. This architecture is illustrated in figure 8. It may be used without an automatic protection switching protocol. Other architectures including SNC/I and SNC/N in the OCh and OMS layers using connection functions is for further study.[editors note - the use of non-associated OAM needs to be considered for these architectures] Network Restoration Optical network restoration techniques are based on optical channel and optical multiplex section cross-connection. In general, the algorithms used for restoration involve rerouteing. To restore an impaired connection alternative facilities may be chosen among the available capacity of the optical layer network. [Editors Note: Optical transport network restoration techniques require further study.] Interworking between existing networks and OTN-based transport networks [Editors note: text for this section can be found in section x of the G.otn Living List]

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 16 COM 13-30-E
OCH_A_So OCH AP OCH layer network OCH_T_So OCH TCP OM S/ OCH_A_So OM S AP OMS layer network OMS_T_So OM S_NC OM S trail OCH_NC OCH trail OCH_A_Sk

OCH AP OCH_T_Sk OCH TCP OM S/ OCH_A_Sk OM S AP OMS_T_Sk OM S TCP OTS/ OMS_A_Sk

OM S TCP OTS/ OM S_A_So OTS AP OTS layer network OTS_T_Sk

OTS trail

OTS AP OTS_T_Sk

OTS TCP

OTS_NC

OTS TCP

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 17 COM 13-30-E

FIGURE 1
Client Server associations in an optical transport network

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 18 COM 13-30-E
AP OCH_T_So TCP OCH_LC OCH_SNC CP CP OCH_SNC CP OCH_NC OCH_LC CP OCH_SNC CP OCH_LC OCH trail AP OCH_T_Sk TCP

OCH layer network example AP OM S_T_So TCP OM S_LC OMS_SNC CP CP OM S_SNC CP OMS_NC OMS_LC CP OM S_SNC CP OM S_LC OMS trail

FIGURE 2

AP OMS_T_Sk TCP

OM S layer network example

FIGURE 3

AP OTS_T_So TCP OTS_LC CP

OTS trail

AP OTS_T_Sk

OTS_NC OTS_LC CP OTS_LC

TCP

OTS layer network example

FIGURE 4

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 19 COM 13-30-E

OCH OCH

root leaf

MPCP OCH_SN

leaf OMS

OTS

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 20 COM 13-30-E

FIGURE 5 Point-to-multipoint optical channel connection

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 21 COM 13-30-E

Trail AP T-So SN A SN B TTm TTm

AP T-Sk

SN C

SN D

FIGURE 6 An example of a trail monitored by non-intrusive monitoring; the 2 intermediate TTm functions are non-intrusive monitoring termination sinks. This technique can be used to monitor the trail at intermediate matrix connections within the OCH and OMS layers. Misconnections or faults detected at the trail termination sink can be traced backward from the sink.

AP

Protected Trail

AP

TTp

TTp

TCPp CP MCp CP CP MCp

TCPp CP

Ap APp TTu TCP TCP

Ap APp TTu Network connection APp

Ap TSF

Ap APp TTu

TTu

TCP Network connection

TCP

TSF TTp TTu Ap MCp TCPp APp

Trail signal fail Protected trail protection Unprotected trail termination Protection adaptation Protection matrix connection Protection TCP Protection access point

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 22 COM 13-30-E

FIGURE 7
1+1 Unidirectional trail protection
OTS/OMS_A
AP

OTS/OMS_A
AP

OTS_T
Protected network connection TCP TCP

SF TTm

SF TTm TTm

SF

SF TTm

MCp Network connection TCP

MCp

TCP TCP

TCP Network connection

SF MCp TTm TCP AP

Signal fail Matrix connection Monitor trail termination Termination connection point Access point

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 23 COM 13-30-E

FIGURE 8
Subnetwork connection protection with non-intrusive monitoring in the optical transmission section layer network.

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 24 COM 13-30-E

Appendix I Examples of Optical Network Functionality This appendix describes examples of functional groupings that may be applied to the optical network. Figure I.1 Example of G.957/G.otn conversion Figure I.2 Example of optical wavelength conversion Figure I.3 Example optical line system with optical channel and optical multiplex section cross-connection Figure I.4 Application of functional architecture to cases of single and multi-channel 1-R regeneration (amplification) and channel crossconnection

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 25 COM 13-30-E

OCH/ RS_A

OCH_T

OMSn/ OCH_A

OMSn_T OSS

OTSp/ OMSn_A

OTSp_T

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 26 COM 13-30-E

FIGURE I.1
Example of G.957 to G.otn conversion

OMS1/ OCH_A

OMS1/ OCH_A

OMS1_T

OMS1_T

OTS1/ OMS1_A

OTS1/ OMS1_A

OTS1_T

OTS1_T

Wavelength Conversion

FIGURE I.2
Example of optical wavelength conversion

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 27 COM 13-30-E

OCH/ Client_A OCH trail OCH AP OCH_T Source OCH TCP OM S/ OCH_A OM S AP OM S_T OM S TCP OTS/ OM S_A OTS AP OTS_T OTS TCP OTS_NC OTS_NC OTS_NC OTS trail OTS trail OTS trail OM S_NC OM S_LC OM S_SNC OM S_LC OM S trail OM S trail OCH_LC

OCH/ Client_A OCH AP OCH_T OCH_SNC OCH_LC OCH TCP OM S/ OCH_A OM S AP OM S_T OM S TCP OTS/ OM S_A OTS AP OTS_T OTS TCP

LT

OCH-XC
FIG I.3

OMS -XC

LT

Example optical line system with optical channel and optical multiplex section cross-connection

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 28 COM 13-30-E

OCH_SNC OMS1/ OCH_A OMSn/ OCH_A

OMS1_T

OMSn_T

OTS1/ OMS1_A

OTS1/ OMS1_A

OTS1/ OMS1_A

OTSn/ OMSn_A

OTSn/ OMSn_A

OTSn/ OMSn_A

OTS1_T

OTS1_T

OTS1_T

OTSn_T

OTSn_T

OTSn_T

Single Channel 1-R RRegeneration

Optical channel cross-connection

FIG I.4

Multi-Channel 1-R

Application of functional architecture to cases of single and multi-channel 1-R regeneration (amplification) and channel crossconnection Note: Line terminals and trails etc are not shown for simplification

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 29 COM 13-30-E

Requirement Connectivity supervision

Explanation, Example Trail trace identifier

Func. TT

OCh R

OMS R

OTS R

Comments The trail trace must be integral to the connection that it is validating. The connectivity of each layer network shall be verifiable See section 6.xx may also be achieved using TMN

Types of connection monitoring Accidental open connection Continuity supervision Signal quality supervision

See section 6.xx

_ TT

_ R R R

_ R R R

Payload type

Maintenance information

Indicate presence or absence of signal Layer specific supervision of optical parameters such as OSNR, power, frequency Type of client signals (signal label) e.g. channel wavelengths, no. active tributaries, maximum number of tributaries, payload status, test signals, idle all are ffs Forward defect indication

TT TT

R R For localisation of transmission problems and indication of signal degradation. Parameters are for further study For channels might need to indicate number and wavelengths Identify client of OTN Identify tributaries

A/T

Remote information

Remote defect/failure

TT

ffs

ffs

A maintenance information signal which indicates towards a trail termination that the signal transported over a trail has been interrupted due to a defect in a link connection supporting the trail Adaptation generates FDI, trail termination detects Further work is required to identify in

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC

- 30 COM 13-30-E

indication Protection control Automatic protection switching protocol Message based channel DCC (Auxiliary channel) Auxiliary channel Fault, performance, configuration Fault, performance of overhead carrier Fault, performance of overhead carrier correlation of monitoring information A/T ffs ffs ffs

which scenarios this may apply e.g. ptmpt APS is protection architecture dependent and may not be required in all circumstances or in each layer see section 7 OTS DCC could be used to manage all 3 layer networks. OMS is reconfigurable and may not allow a 2nd DCC Not required by all operators, function can be replaced with a mobile phone LOS, LOF (if applicable) EDC, EDV performance monitoring

Management communication Engineering order wire Optical supervisory channel (OTS) Optical mux section overhead Optical channel overhead

ffs

A A/T

O R

A/T A/T R

TCM/subnetwork A/T R ffs monitoring using sublayers Reserved/unassigned A/T R R R Reserve for future requirements A Adaptation process TT Trail termination process A/T may be assigned to one or both, allocation is for further study ffs for further study D Desirable O Optional R Required Not required Note: The table does not describe any OAM for client specific processes in the Och/Client adapatation Table 1: OAM requirements for the optical transport network

ITU-T\COM-T\COM13\C\030E.DOC