Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY
July 2005
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Summary
This report presents the results of a pre-feasibility study of a utility scale wind farm in
Gobi region of Mongolia. The proposed wind farm will provide diversity on electric
energy generation by presenting new energy generating technology. At the present day
there are any utility scale wind turbine is in operation in Mongolia therefore the results
presented in this paper reflects basic issues of planning, constructing and operating grid
connected utility scale wind farm in Mongolia. With this purpose the objective of this
study is to develop a general methodology of wind farm introduction in Mongolia.
The primary selection of proposed site for wind farm application was based on the results
of Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Mongolia project carried out by NREL in
cooperation with REC and National Meteorological Office of Mongolia founded by
USAID. Also in the report the wind speed data collected by REC at the site is used for
the future calculation and estimations. The results produced estimates for annual average
wind speed and a historical wind profile in terms of magnitude and direction.
The wind directional profile is found to be predominantly west and north-west. This
condition determines approximate locations of future wind turbine, as the approach or
wind 'fetch' from this direction will be relatively unhindered. Wind speed information
was collected by anemometer with at a height of 20 m above the ground. At this
elevation, average annual wind speed was estimated to be in the range 6.2 m/s, as defined
in REC metrological stations, to 6.0 m/s, as defined in IMH surface station. The
difference in values highlights the uncertainty in predicting wind speeds, the method of
which requires general assumptions for nature of terrain or 'surface roughness'. It is
reasonable to assume that these estimates could be lowered whit higher accuracy of wind
measurements when more localized factors taken into account. However, this report
concludes that the values are still only estimates, and a suitable range should be
considered in predicting energy yield. It is obvious that actual on-site wind speed
measurements with more proper equipment will provide more reliable data.
A technical options appraisals were conducted for the proposed wind farm development.
Issues such as transportation, grid connection, installation and etc. are discussed briefly.
An expected annual energy production and transportation capacity limitations were main
criteria in wind turbine size selection process.
Current study includes an economic appraisal which considers capital costs, operation
and maintenance costs and revenue generation. Net Present Values of each cost element
were used to calculate payback period.
The GHG saving prediction is based on displacement method which uses amount of wind
turbine generated electricity as it would produced by conventional (coal fired) generation.
The total project life time GHG saving is estimated around 100 thousand tones, for the
site with 6 to 7 m/s annual average wind speed.
Contents
Contents...............................................................................................................................3
List of Tables.......................................................................................................................4
List of Appendixes...............................................................................................................4
List of Abbreviations...........................................................................................................5
2. Background .....................................................................................................................6
2.1. Briefing on Mongolia................................................................................................6
2.2. Energy Sector of Mongolia.......................................................................................7
2.3. Wind Resource of Mongolia.....................................................................................9
2.4. Wind Power Application in Mongolia .....................................................................9
2.5. Government Policy.................................................................................................10
2.6. Project Benefits.......................................................................................................11
3. Project Description.........................................................................................................12
3.1. Project Overview....................................................................................................12
3.2. Wind Potential........................................................................................................13
3.3. Wind Farm Capacity...............................................................................................13
3.4. Transportation and Installation...............................................................................14
3.5. Power Grid..............................................................................................................14
3.6. Rationale.................................................................................................................14
3.7. Project Objective, Results and Activities................................................................15
3.8. Poverty Reduction...................................................................................................15
3.9. Environmental Impact.............................................................................................16
3.10. Land Use ..............................................................................................................16
3.11. Technology Transfer.............................................................................................16
3.12. Project Output.......................................................................................................17
4.Project Implementation Plan...........................................................................................17
5. Technical Options..........................................................................................................18
5.1. Candidate Turbine Selection ..................................................................................18
5.2. Estimated Power Production ..................................................................................18
5. Project Baseline and GHG Abatement Calculation ......................................................19
5.1 Baseline Project Selection........................................................................................19
5.2 Project boundary and GHG emission......................................................................19
5.3 Baseline methodology and calculation emissions....................................................19
5.4 Calculation of total project GHG reduction ............................................................20
5.5. GHG emission reduction monitoring and verification ...........................................21
6. Financial Analysis ........................................................................................................21
6.1. Estimation of Overall Cost Estimates ....................................................................21
6.2. Project Financial analysis.......................................................................................21
6.3. Exchange rate .........................................................................................................22
7. Key Factors Impacting Project and Baseline Emissions................................................22
7. Conclusion and Recommendations................................................................................23
List of Tables
Table 7.1. Project Implementation Schedule.....................................................................17
Table 5.1. Coal emission coefficients...............................................................................20
Table 5.2. CO2 Equivalent Conversion Factors ...............................................................20
Table 6.1. Investment estimates, USD ..............................................................................21
Table 6.2. Main assumptions of financial model ..............................................................21
Assumptions.......................................................................................................................22
Values................................................................................................................................22
Project life time, years.......................................................................................................22
25........................................................................................................................................22
Inflation, %........................................................................................................................22
3..........................................................................................................................................22
Total investment, USD.......................................................................................................22
59,160,950..........................................................................................................................22
Income tax, %....................................................................................................................22
40........................................................................................................................................22
Working capital, USD (%).................................................................................................22
399,500 (1%)......................................................................................................................22
Wind farm installed capacity, MW....................................................................................22
40........................................................................................................................................22
Total losses, %...................................................................................................................22
18........................................................................................................................................22
Total wind farm cross production, GWh/year...................................................................22
94,328,783..........................................................................................................................22
PPA tariff , USD/kWh.......................................................................................................22
0.0416.................................................................................................................................22
Maintenance (1-5 years), USD (per turbine).....................................................................22
705,000 (15,000)................................................................................................................22
Maintenance (6-20), USD (per turbine).............................................................................22
611, 000 (13,000)...............................................................................................................22
Renewable Energy Certificate, (USD/kWh)......................................................................22
0.01.....................................................................................................................................22
Loan interest, % ................................................................................................................22
16........................................................................................................................................22
Loan term...........................................................................................................................22
16........................................................................................................................................22
GHG cost, USD/tco2.........................................................................................................22
5..........................................................................................................................................22
List of Appendixes
Appendix 1. Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Mongolia...................................................25
Appendix 2. Proposed Target Area....................................................................................26
Appendix 3. Political Features...........................................................................................27
Appendix 4. Shaded Topographic Relief Map .................................................................28
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List of Abbreviations
CDM
CES
CO2
EES
ERA
ESCO
IRR
GHG
GW
MNT
MW
NTE
NREL
NPV
RE
REC
UNIDO
UNDP
WES
1. Introduction
The worldwide trend of energy sector development and continuing rise of oil product
price at world market outlines importance of utilization of renewable energy sources. The
global environmental policy and willingness of industrialized countries to introduce clean
development mechanisms to developing counties makes vital to utilize renewable energy
sources. The Government of Mongolia is emphases the renewable energy as one of the
priority areas in energy sector. With this purpose the State Great Hural (parliament) of
Mongolia approved the National Renewable Energy Program by its resolution dated on
9th June, 2005 to support use of renewable energy sources. The program aims to support
wide scale renewable energy application both in utility scale and rural electricity
application. With the introduction of Renewable Energy National Program the
Government outlined its great interest to support in introduction of a new, clean and
reliable energy source to the existing power system. Moreover, the Government of
Mongolia presently working on the draft of Renewable Energy Law, which is aims to
introduce favorable legal and economical environment for the renewable energy, to be
presented at the fall session of the parliament of Mongolia.
This study of a grid connected wind farm in Gobi region of Mongolia is prepared at the
pre-feasibility study level and it prepared for the Asian Development Bank.
It should be emphasized that this study is a pre-feasibility level, which covers a limited
study based only on available information. The limited additional study has made to
identify and provide rough cost estimates.
This report highlights the pertinent components of study without the technical and
commercial details.
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2. Background
2.1. Briefing on Mongolia
Mongolia is a large country with low population density. It occupies an area of 1,564,100
square kilometer and located between 41035 and 52006 North latitudes, and 87047 and
119057 West longitudes. It extends 2392 km from west to eastern frontier and 1259 km
long from north to southern frontier. The country is landlocked by Russia and China. The
entire country land is situated on the Mongolian Plateau, with average elevation of 1,580
m above sea level. The highest point is the Huiten Peak (4653 m) in the west and the
lowest is the Khukh Nuur Depression in the east (532 m). Mongolia is the seventh largest
country in the world. The total population is estimated as 2.5 million (2003) with density
of 1.58 persons per square kilometer.
Mongolia has typical continental sub-arctic climate which is extremely dry and very high
temperature fluctuation. The total national rainfall is as little as 200-250 mm. In
Mongolia, the winter season lasts long with severe coldness. The coldest month is
January, when the mean temperature for the coldest area is -330C, and for the warmest
area is -150C to -160C. The lowest temperature is recorded as -500C. The hottest month is
July. The mean temperature for the Gobi area is +230C, and for the coldest area is +140C.
The highest temperature is recoded as +35.830C. The temperature variations of as much
as 900C can occur in a year, and more than 300C in a single day.
The capital, Ulaanbaatar city, has a population of 893,400 people which is 35.6% of the
total population. The total population in three major cities, Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan and
Erdenet amounts to 1,055,000 which approximately 42.2% of the entire population.
Administratively Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces known as Aimags which are
subdivided into a total of more than 360 small administrative units called Soum.
After the democratic reform in 1992, the Mongolian economy has been undergoing a
major transformation from socialist to market regime. In 2004, the per capita GDP
recorded an average annual growth of 10.6%. Experts of Asian Development Bank
expect 6% growth of per capita GDP in financial year of 2005.
2.2. Energy Sector of Mongolia
The primary commercial energy resources in Mongolia are indigenous coal and imported
petroleum products. Coal is a main energy source used for generating electricity and heat;
petroleum products are mainly used for transportation and electricity generation in offgrid systems. The country has large coal reserves (about 50 billion metric tons). About
one fifth of the total coal deposit is high quality and only the low quality brown coal
(lignite) adjacent to the population centers is currently mined.
Mongolia also has limited hydropower resources, which remain undeveloped.
Hydrocarbon deposits have not been fully surveyed but they are thought to hold potential.
Traditional fuels such as animal dung and wood are used in many remote areas where it is
difficult to supply commercial energy resources.
The Mongolian thermal power generation capacity consists of seven coal-fired combined
heat and power generation plants and numerous diesel power stations, mostly in off-grid
province and village centers. The total installed capacity is estimated as 830 MW.
The Ministry of Fuel and Energy is responsible for execution of electricity generation,
transmission and distribution over the country. The power generation capacity of the
country is insufficient and imports about 180GWh of electricity from Russia every year.
The Central Energy System (CES) supplies Ulaanbaatar and 11 surrounding provinces,
serves 53 percent of national population and 40 percent of territory of the country.
Current demand approximates 475MW. Three coal-fired combined heat and power
(CHP) plants in Ulaanbaatar, together with a CHP plant in Darkhan and CHP plant in
Erdenet constitutes the Central Energy System (CES). CHP plants in Ulaanbaatar have a
total installed capacity of 697.5MW, whereas CHP plant in Darkhan has installed
capacity of 46MW and CHP plant in Erdenet has installed capacity of 28.8MW. The CES
grid includes 7,685 kilometers of transmission lines and is connected to Russian grid at
the Selendum substation.
The Western Energy System (WES) does not have local power generation, is connected
to Russian grid at the Chadan substation and imports electricity to cover whole demand
over the system. Transmission lines of WES totals 729 kilometers in length. The WES
provides service to main urban areas in Bayan-Ulgii, Khovd and Uvs provinces only.
During winter, total import approximates 10MW with maximum demand of 8MW and
maximum demand is less than 1.5 MW during summer.
The Eastern Energy System (EES) includes 304 kilometers of transmission lines that are
supplied from the CHP in Choibolsan with installed capacity of 36MW. Maximum
demand over the system is roughly 12 MW.
Four provincial centers are not connected to grids and supplied with electricity from
diesel generators, where total installed capacity is 35.3MW and a rated capacity is
27MW. Of the 334 soum centers, only 126 are connected to grids. Their average
capacity approximates 200kW per station, 40MW in total. Of the remaining soums, 40
soum centers are scheduled for connection to grids. Most of the provincial and soum
centers with their own generation have had problems for maintaining operations beyond 4
to 5 hours per day. The provincial centers have had their 10 to 25 year old diesels
recently rehabilitated. The soum centers are have their old diesel generators replaced with
new sets.
Six hydro power plants (HPP) with total capacity of 3.5MW are currently operating,
which are designed as run-of-river and provide electricity to neighboring rural areas
except during the winter.
Characteristics of centralized energy system in Mongolia are shown in Error: Reference
source not found.
Efforts were made to electrify rural areas for many years. As a result, all the soum centers
have been electrified in certain extent. However, many soum centers facing difficulties as
insufficient or unstable electricity supply because of the financial difficulty to purchase
fuel for existing diesel generators.
The Project is concerned with the electricity supply in southern part of Mongolia.
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In the section 4.1.7: We will build a wind farm in the Central region and connect it to the
central energy system.
Second stage: to provide conditions to build the integrated system of energy by building
new energy sources and electricity transmission lines to supply regions with energy
reliably in short-term (2002-2007) and connecting energy systems of western, eastern and
central regions with high-voltage electricity transmission lines in mid-term (2007-2022).
In the section 4.2.4: In case of mining of Tsagaan Suvarga, Oyu Tolgoi, Shuteen Uul, and
Ikh Shankhai mountain copper deposits in the Central region, a medium capacity
thermoelectric power station at Tavantolgoi coking coal deposit and connect the station to
the central energy system through 220 kV Mandalgovi-Choir line.
In June 2005 the parliament of Mongolia approved National Renewable Energy Program.
One of the objectives of the action plan is to build favorable investment and financial
environment for renewable energy development. Also, in the action plan was proposed to
construct grid connected utility scale wind farms in central and Gobi region of the
country.
Recently, the Government of Mongolia introduced to the public drafts of Renewable
Energy Law and Energy Conservation Law. At the presently, the Government of
Mongolia is working on Renewable Energy law. The have been drafted and it will be
presented at fall session State Great Hural (Parliament) of Mongolia. In the law tariff and
different subsidy mechanism will be introduced to support wide scale renewable energy
application.
2.6. Project Benefits
All energy generating facilities in Mongolia are designed to meet power and energy
demand in national electric system, which consists from CES, EES and WES. There have
been mad no single new installation of generating facility in CES since 1990. In 2003, an
electric power demand was estimated as 500 MW and there was generated 3137.7 million
kWhs electricity. With rapid growth of economy of Mongolia, the electric energy need is
growing fast. The growth for electric energy demand in 2003 was estimated as 2%. In the
Master Plan of Energy Sector of Mongolia the yearly growth of electric energy is planned
as much as 6% for years 2001-2020.
In 2003, 171.3 million kWh of electric energy was imported from Russia. During peak
demand hours the installed capacity in CES not enough to cover all demands as results
there observed power shortage. This power shortage is mainly covered by Russian energy
system. With growth of economy this power shortage have tendency to grow.
As can be seen from electricity balance sheet published by Statistical Office of Mongolia
489.2 million kWh of electric energy was lost during transmission and distribution in
2003. The transmission losses are mainly due to very long transmission line and high
centralization of generating facilities in Ulaanbaatar city.
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As mentioned above there are three combined lignite fired heat and power plants in the
capital city Ulaanbaatar. These power plants consume about 5 million tons of coal per
year. In addition, there are 250 heat only boilers that provide heating for individual
buildings. These are using about 400 thousand tons of coal per year. There could be
found big Ger areas primary around the city. As results of intensive coal burning for
electricity and heat production in the city area Mongolia has one of the highest rates of
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita and per unit of GDP in the world. The
primary sources of air pollution are:
The 70,000 coal-fired urban stoves concentrated in the poor Ger area around
Ulaanbaatar city.
The combined heat and power (CHP) stations.
Followings are main benefit of utilization wind energy in Mongolia:
Reduce energy import by covering peak time load shortages. The statistics shows
some correspondence of load demand peak hours to the daily windy time.
Reduce Ulaanbaatar city air pollution by reducing coal fired power plants load. In
the recent years air pollution becoming one of the top problem for the city
population.
3. Project Description
3.1. Project Overview
The result of previously made studies on wind energy shows Mongolia has great potential
for wind energy development. First, Mongolia has vast amount of unused territory with
great wind energy resource. The wind energy resource of the country could deliver
enough energy to meet all energy demands. Second, there existing enough electric energy
demand for wind power application.
The Manlai soum of Umnugobi aimag placed in north-eastern of the aimag close to the
Dundgobi and Dornogobi aimags. In Appendix 3 show proposed project target area. In
the territory of above mentioned aimag there located two big coal minings. Also, in the
territory of Umnugobi aimag there is discovered big deposit of chopper and gold. It is
expected to launch mining in Ouytolgoi area in next five year. The total capacity of these
minings is expected to reach over 300 MW. With the opening of mining in this area there
is expected to extend existing high voltage transmission line to the area of Manlai soum
of Umnugobi aimag. In Appendix 2 is shown the project target area.
The proposed wind farm will be constructed in area near to Manlai soum center of
Umnugobi aimag. The wind farm will deliver its electricity to the minings located in
Dundgobi, Dornogobi and Umnugobi aimags as well as to the consumers in CES of
Mongolia.
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The Danish design concept with horizontal axis three blades upstream to wind direction
wind turbine has been widely adopted by most wind turbine producers. Unit capacity of
wind turbine has been increasing within in last decade from several hundred kilowatts to
several megawatts. Production of wind turbines with unit capacity less than one
megawatts is decreasing in world wind power market.
For the current study wind turbine with unit capacity of 850 kW is used to perform
technical and economical estimations of proposed wind farm. The unit capacity size of
wind turbine is limited by several conditions such as transportation (auto and railroad
availability), installation crane availability and availability of wind turbines itself.
3.4. Transportation and Installation
Railway and road are the main types of transportation available in Mongolia. Mongolia is
interconnected to the trans-Siberian railroad which connects Europe with East Asia. In
230 km from Manlai soum, project target site, located Sainshand city main train station.
The trans-Siberian railroad could be used for transportation of wins farm equipments
from manufacturers. Also, through Sainshand city passes main paved international auto
road, which connects Russia and China. There existing unpaved auto road from
Sainshand city to project target area. For transportation wind farm equipments there will
be needed trucks with 50 tone capacity and trucks with capacity to transport up to 30 m
long blades. The landscape or the area of transportation is very flat; soil is sandy and very
dry. Therefore, in some road parts of the future wind farm equipment transportation
limited temporary road construction is needed.
For the installation wind turbines of wind farm will be needed at least 2 truck cranes with
50 Tonne capacity to lift part of wind turbine such as nacelle, blades, tower and
machinery. The trucks will be rented from Ulaanbaatar city or from China.
3.5. Power Grid
Although wind power generation is more random than other sources, it is very important
to build wind farms into the electricity power grid. For the proposed project main
consumer of electric energy will be consumers in CES and closely located minings such
as Oyutolgoi chopper/gold mining, Tavantolgoi coal minning and Asgat silver mining.
The Oyutolgoi chopper mining alone will require about 170MW electric capacity and it is
expected to open and operate in full capacity within next 5 years.
3.6. Rationale
Mongolia heavy reliance on coal as its primary fuel for power generation, as well as
industrial, commercial, and residential use has led to high levels of air pollution, resulting
in adverse health impacts and agricultural losses, and increasing emissions of greenhouse
gases (GHGs), in particular carbon dioxide. The Project is designed to produce electricity
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in an environment-friendly manner. The Project will help accelerate the use of wind
power in Mongolia and thereby contribute to the share of renewable energy sources in the
power generation mix as envisaged by the Government while establishing conditions for
investment in wind-based power plants and avoiding air pollution and GHG emissions.
The Project will create jobs and improve electricity supply in the project area. The
Project is consistent with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) strategy to develop
cleaner energy sources, such as renewable energy for power generation.
3.7. Project Objective, Results and Activities
The main goal of the project is to demonstrate possibility of utilization of wind energy as
source of energy in big scale in Mongolia. It will also support Government policy, action
program and influence to overall economic condition of the country. Wind energy is
considered environmentally friendly in comparison to other types of energy generations.
Objective: Build grid connected utility scale wind farm with 40 MW capacity in Gobi
region of Mongolia to supply with electric energy consumers in Central Energy System
of Mongolia and mining companies located in Umnugobi, Dornogobi and Dundgobi
aimags.
Coal is primary source of power in Mongolia, and its combustion results serious
environmental pollution. Wind resource insufficiently utilized in the country, it will
diversify power generation, reduce electric energy import and contribute to
environmental protection in capital city of Ulaanbaatar.
Results: The main outputs would comprise: (a) Meet growing energy demand in CES of
Mongolia. (b) Reduce electric energy import in CES from Russia. (c) Contribute to air
pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar city. (d) Contribute renewable energy development in
Mongolia.
Activities: The major activities in wind power applications could be grouped into
following three categories:
1. Planning and implementing grid connected utility scale wind farm.
2. Establish energy tariff system for wind energy farms in Mongolia.
3. Training local personnel for utility scale wind farm application.
3.8. Poverty Reduction
The Project will create a minimum of 25 jobs for operation and maintenance of the wind
farm. Clean energy projects such as wind farms contribute to poverty reduction by
avoiding environmental pollution, which disproportionately affects the poor and by
creating new job opportunities. Since the Project will help accelerate the establishment of
grid-connected wind farms in Mongolia by removing impediments to their development
and providing institutional strengthening to promote such development.
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4.
Months
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Site survey
Wind measurement
Feasibility study
Site selection
Technical design
Equipment ordering
Concrete base
Installation
Monitoring
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5. Technical Options
5.1. Candidate Turbine Selection
Available budget, technical feasibility and planning constraints are the principal factors
that will restrict the size of a wind power installation. The latter is especially true due to
dependency on such issues as proximity to residential areas and flight paths, and other
environmental impacts. Generally, smaller turbines are more likely to have less impact in
this respect and hence turbines up to 1000 kW only are considered in this study.
Economies of scale will also apply in sizing a project and will directly affect economic
viability. Larger scale turbines may also have potential as a visitor attraction and benefit
economics etc. Rural areas have more wind speeds than urban locations and can give rise
to areas of increased turbulence due to the high number of obstacles present. Excessively
turbulent wind flows can exert increased stresses on turbine components, which may lead
to noisier operation and premature wear and tear. It is therefore important to examine the
proposed site in this respect and attempt to assess the impact of surrounding obstacles.
When rural sites are considered, the low wind speeds should be assessed in relation to the
'start-up and cut-in' wind speeds of the turbine i.e. the wind speeds at which the rotor
will begin turning and the turbine begin generating. Using the wind speed frequency
distribution for the site, an estimate can therefore be made as to the proportion of time a
turbine will be generating, as well as the proportion of time the rotor will be moving. This
will be particularly important for high-profile installations where raising public
awareness is a key objective. For the purpose of this study, a selection of medium-scale
turbines are considered and compared for suitability of installation at the selected sites.
These machines range from 500 to 900 kW installed capacity. The proposed project site
is very open and relatively flat land with minimal obstructions, obstacles. The proposed
site requires wind turbines which designed for IEC class III classification. The site wind
potential specifications and simulations of wind turbine expected output show that Vestas
850 kW wind turbine has better performance than other wind turbines.
5.2. Estimated Power Production
The long-term hourly hub height wind speeds are used with the power curves of each
wind turbine to estimate the annual electricity they would produce. The power curve
information, which is usually supplied by the turbine manufacturer, shows the predicted
performance of the turbine at each wind speed. Summing the power production for every
hour of the year will give the total possible power production.
Estimated energy yields are indeed estimates only and should be treated with a degree of
caution. They are normally derived from the turbines power curve, which for small
turbines, may not always be 'certified' by an independent body due to the costs incurred
in doing so.
18
19
Both are acceptable ways to estimate GHG emissions. This study is used the emission
factor based methodology. The direct monitoring approach is more common in process
industries and electric utilities. If a direct monitoring system has already been established
in a facility, the associated data provides a good estimate of CO2 emissions.
For the emission factor approach, a source- or facility-specific method (calculating fuel
consumed per sector activity or facility) is the preferred approach. This approach is often
more accurate, and will also facilitate the identification of opportunities to reduce
emissions. If calculating fuel data at this level is not possible, a corporate-wide approach
of calculating total fuel use from fuel purchasing data can be employed.
Greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources result as fuels are burned to produce
energy. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are emitted
directly through the combustion of fossil fuels for process use. Sources of emissions from
stationary combustion include boilers, heaters, furnaces, kilns, ovens, dryers, and any
other equipment or machinery that uses fuel.
Coal
Methane CH4
g/GJ
3
Calculations are made to account for all three of these GHGs in the UBC commuting
total, but they are then converted to a common unit called CO2 equivalent (CO2e). CO2e
is widely accepted as the common method of reporting more than one GHG (Government
of Canada, 2003). CO2e uses CO2 as the base unit from which the global warming
potential (GWP) of other gasses are compared to Table 5-2 lists the GWP for carbon
dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change.
Table 5.2. CO2 Equivalent Conversion Factors
(Government of Canada, 2003)
GAS
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Methane (CH4)
GWP
1
21
310
From Table 5.2 we can see that one unit of methane has 310 times the global warming
potential as one equal unit of carbon dioxide.
5.4 Calculation of total project GHG reduction
Electricity generated by the turbine will offset that generated from conventional sources
and carbon dioxide emissions associated with conventional generation will be reduced as
a result. The total annual GHG emission reduction of Manlai soum center 40 MW wind
farm is estimated as 97103 tones of CO2e.
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6. Financial Analysis
6.1. Estimation of Overall Cost Estimates
Investment capital is divided into two componentsequity capital and loans. Equity
capital is expected to account for 10 percent of total investment of the project; loans will
be obtained from domestic and foreign banks or other financial institutions. Because of
many uncertainties, financial analyses are only made for 40 MW of wind farm
construction over 1.5 years. Investment estimates for the wind farm project have been
obtained for supply, installation and commissioning for a selection of turbines.
Breakdowns of these costs, where available, are presented in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. Investment estimates, USD
Item
Capacity (MW)
Feasibility study
Development
Equipment
Foundation and construction
Grid connection
Civil and Engineering
Roads and land
Others
Total
Cost, US$
40
245,200
835,500
47,143,350
4,471,000
1,397,000
610,500
2,154,500
2,303,950
59,160,808
Assumptions
Project life time, years
Inflation, %
Total investment, USD
Income tax, %
Working capital, USD (%)
Wind farm installed capacity, MW
Total losses, %
Total wind farm cross production, GWh/year
PPA tariff , USD/kWh
Maintenance (1-5 years), USD (per turbine)
Maintenance (6-20), USD (per turbine)
Renewable Energy Certificate, (USD/kWh)
Loan interest, %
Loan term
GHG cost, USD/tco2
Values
25
3
59,160,950
40
399,500 (1%)
40
18
94,328,783
0.0416
705,000 (15,000)
611, 000 (13,000)
0.01
16
16
5
The financial performance indicators for the wind farm reveal that the project is a
financially undertaking. The financial IRR amounts to 4.9% and the static payback time
is 12,3 operating years. The GHG reduction and renewable energy certificate are
increased IRR and NPV.
The criteria for the financial viability are as follows:
1 The FIRR and NPV without the benefits of CO2 credits
FIRR =2.6%
NPV = 28,488,903 USD
1 The FIRR and NPV with the inclusion of CO2 credit prices at 5 $/t of CO2
FIRR = 4.9%
NPV = 18,379,352 USD.
6.3. Exchange rate
All costs given are in US$ and, where necessary, were converted from Mongolian Tugrik
(MNT) to US$ at an exchange rate of US$ 1.00 = MNT 1200.
1
Energy system is mainly consisted from coal fired power plants, which have very
slow reactions to power fluctuations n the grid.
Government is attempting to diversify electric generation using new energy
sources.
Government of Mongolia is affiliated to Kyoto protocol.
22
Authority spending State budget and subsidy, no excess money for new energy
source development.
Customer and service companies do not have any knowledge about CDM.
Training and seminars required.
No rules and standards for GHG emission
Draft of Energy Conservation Law has introduced to Parliament of Mongolia.
The law has been rejected for last three years.
Draft of Renewable Energy Law has introduced to the Parliament. The law
waiting its approval.
No CDM Executive Board
23
References
ADB Asian Development Bank, (1997), Economic Analysis for Projects, Asian
Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.
ADB Asian Development Bank, (2002), Guidelines for the Financial Governance and
Management of Investment Projects Financed by the Asian Development Bank, January,
Manila, Philippines
Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Mongolia. August 2001, NREL, REC
Urban Wind Study, Centre for Sustainable Energy. www.cse.org.uk
Feasibility Study for Marblehead, Massachusetts, Wind Energy Predevelopment Support
Program, Renewable Energy Research Lab, 2003
Feasibility Study on Establishment of Rural Electrification System. 2004. UNICO
International Corporation.
Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable Energy in Mongolia,
September 2000, JICA and MOI.
Web sites:
www.adb.org
www.worldbank.org
www.bergey.com
www.nrel.gov
ww.renenergy.com.
24
Manlai Umnugobi
Measurements Period : from 11/10/1998 to 5/5/2000
Mean Wind Speed (at 20m height)
Mean Turbulence Intensity (at 10m/s)
Max. 10min Average Wind Speed
Uncertainty of Wind Speed measurement
Mean Wind Power
Total Wind Energy
6.4
9.4
22.8
0.1
280.8
3644.7
m/s
%
m/s
m/s
Watt/m
kWh/m
(1/24/1999)
2.05
7.2 m/s
77884
9618
308 (0.4% )
3499467.8 kWh
31.7 %
7.3 m/s
(Vestas v52)
2396202.8 kWh
2409363.0 kWh
32.2 %
32.4 %
NW
NW
WNW
W
WSW
NNW
NNE
WNW
(= .142)
17.7 %
15.4 %
18.7 %
15.8 %
NE
ENE
E
ESE
WSW
SW
SSW
SSE
SE
Tim e Distribution
20%
>15m/s
15%
10-15m/s
10%
5-10m/s
5%
3-5m/s
0%
N
NNW
NW
WNW
WSW
SW
SSW
SSE
SE
ESE
ENE
NE
NNE
NNE
16
16
15
14
12
12
12
12
11
11
9
NE
14
15
13
12
11
13
12
11
11
10
ENE
12
12
12
12
10
11
10
10
10
9
8
ESE
12
11
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
13
9
9
8
9
8
10
9
8
8
9
9
10
7
7
9
SE
9
11
8
9
8
9
8
9
7
10
9
8
8
SSE
11
8
8
7
7
9
8
9
7
11
9
9
9
10
9
10
S
13
11
8
8
7
8
7
8
7
8
8
11
9
9
SSW
12
13
9
8
8
9
8
8
8
9
8
SW WSW
11
8
10
8
7
6
8
6
8
7
9
8
10
7
14
10
12
10
12
9
12
25
13
13
11
10
11
9
W
9
9
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
10
10
9
10
9
9
WNW
11
12
10
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
NW NNW
13
16
13
16
11
14
11
12
11
12
11
12
10
12
11
13
11
12
10
11
11
12
11
11
10
11
10
11
9
11
9
9
10
9
NW NNW
122
90
202
113
380
226
525
288
566
369
685
443
730
451
780
427
709
379
642
327
484
287
351
203
239
161
223
114
156
84
108
45
119
25
103
15
70
7
37
3
10
4
7
1
7249
2839 77884
18
17
15
15
14
13
13
13
13
12
12
14
7
8
NNE
109
123
222
280
316
341
330
231
135
99
72
40
27
7
3
1
totals
2336
NE
97
137
178
272
409
352
328
218
165
94
62
44
26
11
3
ENE
93
126
242
347
375
376
316
244
190
159
126
72
48
23
14
2
E
96
145
252
373
484
499
486
339
268
209
159
82
54
43
25
7
2396
2753
3522
ESE
63
125
222
374
453
485
446
455
296
177
103
63
29
21
26
9
5
1
1
1
SE
59
104
144
199
215
298
246
223
152
122
124
39
10
4
11
14
11
1
SSE
57
97
130
140
181
231
282
220
204
178
140
103
56
24
5
6
6
2
5
1
1
3355
1976
2069
S
54
78
92
118
201
225
295
392
483
588
429
307
299
175
99
24
2
2
2
3865
SSW
51
86
115
128
187
227
278
433
479
357
273
162
70
40
2
2
2890
SW WSW
85
146
97
179
143
499
156 1076
272 1707
379 2012
394 2169
420 1886
284 1036
207
516
95
243
49
74
29
24
11
23
14
8
2
2
1
5
3
3
4
2
0.4
150
W
WNW
216
239
537
410
1456
756
2160
929
2381 1176
2231 1142
1960
960
1767
930
1054
699
545
485
280
434
150
305
92
248
41
187
29
165
22
94
13
95
6
60
3
32
2
21
3
1
2
9373
4061
totals
64 1641
101 2660
260 5317
304 7669
335 9627
370 10296
395 10066
276 9241
225 6758
199 4904
106 3417
73 2117
50 1462
43
990
26
670
8
346
2
284
193
124
69
1
21
1
9
3
0.14
Data Distribution
Weibull Distribution (2.05, 7.2)
0.12
100
90
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Angles (deg)
Weibull
shape
Weibull
scale
Data
Distrib
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
N
11.25 - 33.75
33.75 - 56.25
56.25 - 78.75
78.75 - 101.25
101.25 - 123.75
123.75 - 146.25
146.25 - 168.75
168.75 - 191.25
191.25 - 213.75
213.75 - 236.25
236.25 - 258.75
258.75 - 281.25
281.25 - 303.75
303.75 - 326.25
326.25 - 348.75
348.75 - 11.25
2.07
2.14
2.05
2.17
2.30
2.09
2.19
2.91
2.81
2.42
3.05
2.35
1.84
2.05
2.16
2.12
6.09
6.15
6.54
6.82
6.81
6.83
7.63
9.66
8.37
7.18
6.71
6.19
7.44
8.88
8.31
6.94
3.00%
3.08%
3.53%
4.52%
4.31%
2.54%
2.66%
4.96%
3.71%
3.40%
14.90%
19.19%
12.03%
9.31%
5.21%
3.65%
Mean
Wind
Speed
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.8
8.6
7.5
6.4
6.0
5.5
6.6
7.9
7.4
6.2
T.I. (%) at
10m /s
12.0
12.0
10.5
8.9
9.0
8.4
7.4
7.4
8.1
8.3
6.9
9.1
10.1
10.7
12.1
13.4
Direction
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
NNE
NE ENE
ESE
SE
SSE
SSW
SW WSW
25
20
Wind speed (m/s)
Mean
Max
15
10
0
24/7/98
1/11/98
9/2/99
20/5/99
28/8/99
6/12/99
15/3/00
23/6/00
Date
5
4
3
2
1
0
5
4
3
2
1
1 2
5 6
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hour
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Month
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
February
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
Day
17
19
21
23
March
24
25
27
29
31
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
Day
17
19
21
23
April
24
25
27
29
31
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
May
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
June
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
Day
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
August
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
September
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
October
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
Novem ber
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
Day
Decem ber
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
1
11
13
15
17
Day
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
0
6.6
5.0
7.3
5.5
3.0
3.5
5.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
3.7
3.8
6.9
4.3
5.3
8.4
9.1
4.2
6.1
6.9
4.5
5.6
4.7
6.4
5.9
4.7
5.7
4.1
4.6
4.5
3.9
1
7.4
5.9
6.3
5.8
4.3
3.6
5.9
4.0
5.0
2.6
4.0
3.3
7.0
4.9
4.5
7.9
9.1
4.2
5.8
7.3
6.0
6.4
4.5
5.8
6.3
4.5
6.0
4.6
4.4
5.2
3.9
2
7.8
5.5
4.8
5.3
5.3
4.4
6.2
3.0
5.8
2.5
3.5
3.2
6.7
4.9
5.7
7.5
8.8
4.6
7.0
6.9
5.8
5.8
5.0
5.6
6.8
3.4
4.6
4.5
5.0
5.3
4.2
1
5.4
5.9
4.2
3.0
4.3
5.4
5.7
7.1
3.8
5.0
5.2
6.3
4.1
5.2
7.4
6.4
7.2
3.7
4.5
2.9
7.7
1.5
5.6
5.8
6.7
7.6
3.6
9.5
8.0
2
4.6
5.0
3.4
3.7
4.5
5.8
5.3
6.7
1.6
5.9
5.2
6.6
4.7
4.7
7.4
6.2
6.9
3.8
4.6
3.6
7.4
2.5
5.1
6.7
6.7
7.3
4.1
9.2
8.1
1
3.0
6.8
7.6
1.8
10.4
9.8
6.1
3.5
5.2
2.9
4.7
6.3
9.1
7.9
5.0
6.6
8.9
5.7
8.2
6.7
7.3
10.5
3.8
5.8
3.6
8.5
3.2
6.8
7.1
6.4
7.3
2
2.2
7.3
6.9
4.2
9.2
10.2
5.5
2.0
4.7
3.8
5.4
7.1
9.8
7.4
5.2
6.8
8.7
5.1
8.3
6.1
8.6
10.9
4.4
4.8
3.2
8.3
4.1
7.8
8.3
6.1
7.3
February
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5.8
6.4
3.8
3.0
5.6
6.3
6.1
8.0
6.8
4.8
5.3
5.6
3.8
5.0
7.2
5.8
5.7
4.3
4.2
4.3
7.0
2.1
5.6
5.7
6.6
6.2
4.5
9.1
7.2
0
4.5
6.4
7.3
4.0
9.9
8.6
4.9
4.5
4.6
2.8
4.1
7.6
8.4
7.0
5.1
6.8
7.8
6.7
7.0
5.6
8.1
9.1
3.7
4.9
5.1
7.9
3.2
6.4
7.6
5.6
7.2
4
5
9.2 7.5
9.4 10.0
4.7 4.5
3.3 3.6
3.4 3.7
4.4 5.1
6.5 6.2
5.9 6.8
5.9 6.3
3.4 3.7
3.3 3.3
3.1 3.8
6.5 6.3
7.6 6.9
5.4 5.6
7.3 7.9
7.9 7.8
4.6 4.5
6.6 7.6
5.8 6.1
5.5 6.4
6.6 3.2
5.4 6.0
6.2 6.0
7.3 6.9
4.3 3.2
5.7 5.2
5.1 6.4
5.8 6.8
5.4 6.2
4.6 4.3
6
7
8
9
7.8 9.7 10.2 10.1
9.3 10.6 9.7 9.1
2.6 6.1 8.2 7.2
5.3 6.1 6.0 6.0
4.7 4.8 6.1 7.2
4.5 4.3 4.6 4.2
6.2 5.5 5.9 5.4
7.2 7.4 6.6 5.0
4.9 4.8 4.2 5.2
3.5 4.2 3.7 3.0
2.9 2.6 2.4 2.9
3.5 3.4 3.8 3.1
6.0 6.5 5.7 5.2
5.8 6.0 6.2 6.3
5.6 5.6 6.0 5.5
8.1 8.6 8.5 7.2
7.2 6.1 6.1 5.5
5.5 5.9 6.3 5.6
7.4 7.5 7.8 6.7
4.1 5.5 5.2 6.7
7.1 6.8 6.6 6.6
3.8 5.5 5.5 5.3
6.6 4.2 4.0 6.3
10.4 9.8 10.2 11.2
6.1 6.5 6.2 6.3
3.3 3.4 4.6 4.7
4.6 5.7 5.8 7.7
5.7 5.6 6.2 5.6
7.3 7.1 7.8 6.5
6.2 5.6 4.1 4.9
4.3 4.0 6.4 6.6
10
10.7
8.6
6.5
5.2
8.7
4.5
4.5
4.8
5.5
3.6
2.8
2.4
5.3
5.7
5.3
6.6
5.6
5.9
6.0
8.6
6.6
4.5
5.5
12.2
6.0
4.2
7.8
6.1
5.9
4.6
6.0
11
11.5
7.6
5.7
5.8
9.4
5.9
4.5
6.5
4.1
4.0
2.8
2.9
7.2
6.6
4.6
6.0
7.0
6.7
6.0
10.4
7.1
4.9
4.5
13.0
7.1
4.6
7.5
7.1
5.7
5.4
5.7
12
12.0
7.5
6.7
6.2
9.1
6.4
5.0
6.7
3.5
5.6
2.6
3.1
8.8
6.0
4.1
6.1
8.3
6.6
6.4
11.1
8.3
5.3
6.0
11.4
7.0
4.8
7.0
7.1
6.0
5.2
4.2
13
12.9
5.7
6.7
6.7
9.1
6.8
4.8
6.8
3.3
6.3
2.2
3.6
10.0
5.4
3.8
6.1
7.8
7.2
6.5
8.4
8.0
5.6
7.4
13.3
7.0
5.7
5.9
8.2
7.9
5.1
3.7
14
12.5
5.3
6.4
5.8
9.6
7.5
4.5
8.7
4.9
6.0
2.3
2.6
10.4
6.4
3.4
6.0
7.9
7.3
6.5
7.6
8.0
5.7
8.0
13.4
7.8
4.8
6.1
8.8
9.1
5.9
3.1
15
12.5
5.0
5.8
5.4
9.4
8.5
6.2
8.4
5.2
6.6
2.3
4.3
8.6
6.7
2.4
6.8
8.7
8.1
6.4
7.0
7.6
5.5
8.3
12.4
8.1
4.4
5.8
8.8
9.3
6.0
3.4
16
9.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
8.5
8.4
4.8
7.8
5.7
5.8
2.4
5.3
7.2
7.1
3.0
5.2
8.4
7.9
5.3
6.9
6.2
4.2
8.3
11.3
8.4
2.4
6.0
8.8
8.5
5.3
2.9
17
8.8
3.6
5.4
3.0
6.7
6.4
3.3
5.8
6.1
5.2
2.1
5.4
6.0
7.0
3.1
5.7
6.9
5.7
4.7
7.4
4.8
3.6
7.1
9.2
6.8
1.9
5.1
7.8
7.4
4.0
3.2
18
8.1
4.1
6.9
3.6
5.5
6.0
2.7
5.1
6.7
4.5
1.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
4.6
5.2
5.9
5.2
5.4
7.7
4.5
1.9
5.5
8.2
6.3
2.8
4.3
4.9
5.7
2.7
4.6
19
7.0
6.3
6.8
3.0
4.3
5.5
2.9
4.2
8.0
4.3
1.6
7.5
6.1
7.0
5.0
6.4
5.2
4.7
6.5
7.5
4.8
2.7
4.6
6.0
5.1
3.4
4.5
5.0
4.7
0.9
6.5
20
4.8
6.5
6.6
3.4
4.3
4.6
2.6
5.9
7.6
4.6
1.5
6.6
6.2
7.5
6.6
8.5
3.7
5.7
7.6
6.9
5.4
2.6
4.6
5.9
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.6
4.9
1.1
7.7
21
5.1
6.5
7.0
3.5
3.8
5.3
3.1
6.5
6.2
5.1
1.7
7.2
6.5
6.3
8.7
7.8
3.2
4.7
7.7
6.4
5.5
3.2
5.4
5.6
4.4
3.4
4.0
3.7
5.7
0.5
7.5
22
4.7
6.8
6.7
3.2
3.8
6.0
4.3
7.3
5.0
4.6
2.0
7.6
7.1
6.4
9.3
7.5
4.3
5.2
6.1
7.3
4.0
3.6
6.2
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.2
4.9
1.1
7.1
23 Mean
4.5
8.7
8.2
7.0
6.4
6.0
3.0
4.7
2.6
5.9
6.3
5.4
3.8
4.9
6.0
6.0
4.3
5.4
4.8
4.4
2.9
2.6
7.6
4.4
5.5
6.8
6.1
6.3
8.9
5.3
8.0
7.1
4.0
6.8
6.1
5.7
6.6
6.6
7.7
7.1
3.4
6.0
3.9
4.7
5.2
5.8
5.6
8.8
5.0
6.4
6.6
4.1
5.1
5.6
5.7
6.0
4.8
6.3
1.7
4.3
6.1
4.9
9
3.0
5.6
4.4
2.9
3.7
4.3
5.2
6.5
2.8
6.2
3.4
5.4
4.1
4.4
4.6
8.6
6.6
6.4
4.3
3.4
1.0
4.0
4.5
4.4
5.9
5.8
4.2
5.6
3.6
10
2.6
4.9
3.9
4.2
3.3
6.2
5.0
5.9
2.8
6.7
4.6
6.1
5.1
4.8
5.9
9.7
7.7
7.2
5.7
3.5
1.8
5.1
4.0
4.5
8.8
6.0
4.2
8.0
2.8
11
2.4
5.7
4.0
4.9
4.4
7.6
5.0
5.5
3.1
7.2
5.8
6.3
5.4
6.0
7.3
9.7
9.0
8.2
5.9
5.0
1.8
4.4
4.6
6.5
10.4
7.5
4.6
7.8
3.8
12
4.6
6.0
3.8
5.2
5.1
8.3
6.1
4.0
3.7
9.4
7.0
6.1
6.2
7.5
7.1
9.8
9.9
9.1
5.4
4.7
2.6
3.7
6.3
6.9
10.2
8.6
4.9
7.3
5.6
13
6.3
6.0
3.3
5.2
5.9
8.2
5.3
3.2
4.9
11.2
7.8
6.2
5.9
7.5
6.9
9.6
10.1
9.6
6.1
4.7
2.5
4.4
7.7
6.2
10.2
8.6
5.2
6.9
6.2
14
6.3
6.4
3.8
5.3
5.1
8.3
5.7
3.5
5.0
10.8
8.6
7.7
6.2
7.4
6.5
8.9
9.0
10.0
6.5
5.0
2.8
4.0
8.0
5.9
10.9
8.4
6.4
8.0
7.2
15
5.9
6.0
3.2
5.0
4.4
8.3
5.0
4.5
4.8
11.1
8.6
7.7
7.4
7.8
6.4
8.8
8.8
9.5
6.8
4.2
4.0
4.5
8.1
6.6
10.5
8.0
6.6
8.7
7.4
16
5.1
5.0
2.2
4.2
3.6
8.6
4.4
5.6
4.5
10.6
7.7
8.3
7.1
7.8
7.1
7.8
7.6
9.1
7.8
6.0
4.0
6.8
8.2
7.4
9.9
8.0
6.3
9.0
7.9
17
5.0
4.8
0.7
3.4
2.5
7.8
3.8
6.2
4.7
9.1
6.4
8.1
5.6
7.5
6.4
6.6
6.5
8.8
8.4
6.3
3.9
6.5
7.9
7.2
9.1
7.5
4.9
7.5
6.6
18
4.6
3.8
1.3
2.3
2.1
6.8
2.4
6.3
3.7
7.4
4.0
5.8
4.7
5.3
5.9
6.8
5.8
6.9
7.1
5.2
3.5
6.1
5.6
5.9
7.2
5.8
4.8
5.3
4.7
19
4.6
2.4
1.6
1.8
2.7
6.0
1.8
6.4
3.3
5.3
4.0
5.5
4.4
5.0
6.4
9.1
6.0
5.9
4.2
4.4
3.2
4.0
4.1
4.9
5.9
4.5
5.5
4.1
2.5
20
5.3
2.5
1.7
5.2
2.8
5.3
3.3
7.4
3.5
4.6
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.4
5.6
9.9
5.5
5.8
3.7
5.3
3.8
4.3
4.3
6.0
6.4
3.7
7.0
6.7
2.3
21
5.4
3.1
2.9
5.8
4.2
5.9
5.7
8.3
3.8
5.5
5.3
3.4
3.6
6.8
7.1
9.1
6.9
4.9
2.0
5.8
3.7
5.3
3.3
6.6
5.9
3.3
8.8
8.5
3.1
22
7.5
4.2
3.9
6.6
4.2
5.7
7.2
9.4
4.9
4.0
6.0
2.6
3.6
7.9
7.0
8.5
4.8
4.5
1.9
7.7
3.5
5.8
3.1
7.5
6.7
3.6
9.4
8.1
4.8
23 Mean
7.5
4.7
4.3
4.9
2.9
3.4
7.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
5.0
6.4
7.5
5.3
8.2
6.4
5.7
3.7
4.0
6.9
5.8
5.6
2.9
5.6
4.2
5.0
8.3
5.9
7.0
6.7
6.3
8.5
3.9
6.9
4.4
6.4
3.3
5.0
8.4
4.5
2.4
3.6
5.9
4.1
5.0
5.3
7.7
5.8
6.8
7.5
3.9
6.3
9.6
5.6
6.5
7.7
4.1
5.5
7
8
9
3.3 2.4 5.3
8.8 8.2 9.9
6.2 6.0 5.5
3.0 4.1 4.8
8.4 8.3 8.7
8.0 7.2 5.4
6.8 7.2 8.8
7.5 6.7 6.8
5.2 5.6 4.9
4.4 4.1 3.4
3.7 4.4 2.7
7.4 7.7 8.1
8.1 8.4 9.2
6.2 6.7 8.2
6.1 6.3 6.5
6.2 6.0 5.3
7.2 7.2 6.8
5.9 6.7 7.6
4.4 2.9 2.2
8.3 7.7 7.7
10.0 8.4 8.3
10.8 11.9 12.4
5.1 4.3 7.2
5.6 6.6 8.7
5.6 4.4 4.2
4.0 4.8 6.1
6.3 5.8 5.2
10.2 10.1 9.3
4.7 5.1 5.5
4.8 5.3 5.5
11.3 11.9 11.5
10
6.6
11.2
8.4
5.2
10.6
5.0
10.0
5.6
4.8
4.0
2.6
9.6
10.2
10.1
7.0
5.2
8.2
7.2
3.8
7.2
7.5
12.5
9.2
10.9
5.6
6.7
5.1
7.6
6.6
6.4
10.4
11
5.5
13.3
9.6
5.0
11.6
4.9
9.5
4.7
4.4
2.3
4.4
9.2
8.9
13.7
6.9
6.3
12.3
7.3
3.6
7.4
6.5
12.4
10.1
11.9
6.4
6.7
5.4
7.1
7.3
6.1
9.6
12
5.0
14.2
11.2
6.1
13.1
5.6
7.7
4.2
4.2
2.4
5.8
9.3
7.0
13.9
7.2
7.3
14.2
5.1
4.3
7.7
4.6
11.8
10.0
13.7
7.0
7.4
6.1
7.3
8.0
5.2
7.9
13
5.2
14.8
10.5
7.2
13.6
4.6
7.3
4.0
5.1
3.3
5.5
9.1
5.1
13.3
7.4
8.4
14.1
4.5
4.5
7.8
5.8
11.6
9.8
14.7
8.5
8.2
7.8
7.3
8.2
5.5
6.2
14
6.1
14.5
10.8
7.6
12.8
5.0
8.3
3.8
5.5
3.7
4.2
9.1
3.8
13.6
8.3
9.0
14.3
4.5
3.9
7.5
8.9
11.1
9.8
14.8
9.9
9.9
8.4
8.9
8.3
7.2
4.7
15
7.6
14.9
10.8
8.1
13.3
4.6
8.8
3.2
5.1
4.2
3.9
9.1
4.5
11.9
8.7
10.7
13.2
5.3
4.0
7.7
9.2
10.5
10.1
14.9
9.7
10.2
8.8
9.3
6.8
8.1
4.4
16
7.9
14.2
10.7
8.5
13.3
5.3
8.9
3.0
4.4
4.3
2.6
11.5
4.2
8.7
9.7
10.7
12.0
6.4
3.8
7.8
8.3
9.1
10.3
14.8
10.5
9.7
7.7
9.3
6.1
9.0
5.0
17
8.3
12.2
11.9
8.3
13.3
5.4
8.7
2.1
4.1
3.4
2.2
11.4
4.7
8.0
8.7
9.6
10.9
6.7
5.0
8.5
8.9
8.3
10.7
14.6
9.9
11.1
6.6
9.5
6.5
8.9
5.7
18
7.1
7.7
8.6
6.2
12.2
5.9
9.1
2.3
4.0
3.2
2.6
9.1
5.4
7.2
8.3
9.0
9.7
6.2
4.9
8.2
8.4
8.2
8.1
13.2
9.1
10.9
4.6
8.8
6.3
7.6
3.9
19
7.0
6.8
6.8
3.8
9.9
3.8
7.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
4.6
6.5
3.8
6.8
5.9
6.6
8.6
5.5
6.0
7.7
6.8
5.6
5.4
9.0
7.4
8.5
4.7
8.4
4.1
4.9
2.4
20
7.9
7.4
5.9
3.6
8.2
3.3
5.0
3.7
3.3
2.8
6.0
6.9
5.5
6.5
5.7
8.0
7.9
5.5
4.9
6.6
6.3
3.8
6.3
6.9
6.4
7.3
4.4
8.2
3.4
4.8
3.8
21
8.1
7.5
4.5
6.3
7.7
3.1
4.5
4.3
2.9
2.5
7.2
7.2
7.6
6.3
6.2
6.5
7.1
6.0
3.8
5.5
8.9
3.8
7.3
5.1
7.1
5.1
4.8
8.3
3.4
4.7
5.8
22
7.5
7.4
5.0
7.7
9.0
5.4
4.2
3.7
2.6
2.9
8.4
7.8
7.5
6.2
7.3
7.4
5.5
7.2
4.0
6.6
10.6
2.7
4.7
2.6
7.5
3.6
6.0
8.6
3.2
6.9
6.8
23 Mean
5.7
5.3
7.8
9.9
5.4
7.5
9.8
5.4
8.9
10.3
5.0
6.4
4.4
7.1
4.5
4.3
2.4
4.4
3.1
3.3
8.2
4.5
7.7
8.4
7.4
7.3
5.6
8.5
7.6
6.7
7.7
7.3
6.4
9.1
8.2
6.0
5.3
5.1
7.2
7.3
9.5
8.2
2.9
9.3
5.2
7.0
3.9
8.5
8.7
6.6
2.4
7.1
5.7
5.6
8.4
8.8
4.9
6.1
7.1
6.0
7.5
7.4
March
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
3
8.2
7.1
3.4
3.9
4.6
3.7
7.3
2.9
5.9
3.0
3.4
3.5
6.7
6.7
4.7
6.8
8.7
5.1
7.1
5.6
5.5
7.1
5.4
6.0
6.9
5.0
5.7
5.2
4.4
5.1
4.5
3
4.6
4.1
3.5
3.6
5.1
5.3
6.1
6.7
1.7
6.3
4.3
5.7
5.2
4.6
7.4
8.0
6.3
5.3
5.0
3.4
5.4
2.2
5.4
5.0
5.7
7.6
4.1
8.8
7.0
4
5
4.2 2.8
4.1 5.2
3.8 4.5
4.4 4.3
5.1 3.8
5.0 6.0
6.2 5.8
7.2 8.1
2.2 1.7
6.0 5.8
5.1 6.3
4.8 4.6
4.3 5.0
5.0 5.3
9.0 6.9
9.2 10.0
4.8 5.9
5.4 4.5
5.5 5.2
2.6 2.5
4.3 4.0
1.5 2.2
4.6 4.4
4.6 4.8
6.0 6.2
5.9 5.3
5.3 5.0
9.2 9.8
7.6 6.2
6
2.3
5.2
4.9
5.0
4.3
6.4
5.9
7.9
2.6
6.3
5.0
4.9
3.8
5.1
5.6
9.0
6.8
5.0
4.7
2.5
3.1
2.6
4.1
4.0
5.1
5.9
5.0
8.6
6.0
7
3.0
5.1
4.5
4.3
4.5
5.8
5.5
7.4
3.4
7.3
4.0
4.0
5.2
4.5
6.8
9.7
7.6
4.7
3.4
3.2
1.8
3.3
4.6
4.0
5.8
6.3
5.3
7.4
5.5
8
4.2
5.7
4.4
3.8
4.5
5.7
5.9
4.6
3.0
6.1
3.5
4.0
4.8
4.4
5.1
9.1
5.9
5.7
3.6
3.8
1.4
6.0
3.7
3.7
6.1
6.5
4.5
6.0
3.5
4
5
2.7 3.2
8.6 10.1
4.8 4.2
3.4 4.2
8.1 8.5
9.1 9.5
6.5 6.8
5.3 4.9
4.2 4.2
2.2 3.2
4.4 2.7
7.6 8.5
8.7 8.9
7.6 6.4
5.3 4.6
6.3 7.0
6.9 6.4
4.8 5.8
8.1 6.2
7.2 8.4
8.7 9.2
10.8 11.4
5.8 4.4
4.1 3.9
4.0 5.6
6.4 5.3
4.5 5.5
10.6 11.8
6.2 5.7
3.6 4.0
8.9 9.9
6
2.6
9.8
4.6
3.1
9.1
8.9
6.3
6.6
4.7
3.9
2.7
8.1
8.6
6.3
6.2
6.3
7.5
5.6
5.4
8.5
9.9
11.0
5.7
5.3
5.2
4.6
6.4
11.1
5.0
4.3
10.7
April
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
8.3
8.2
8.0
6.8
7.5
8.1
9.8
8.3
9.4
10.2
9.2
6.8
8.5
4.0
6.5
6.4
6.9
8.0
7.9
8.7
6.4
5.4
9.6
9.7
12.4
5.5
8.7
7.2
7.1
5.2
1
8.5
8.0
7.9
5.9
7.3
7.5
8.7
7.8
8.5
10.1
7.9
7.2
8.9
3.6
7.4
7.9
6.0
7.3
9.5
6.4
7.0
3.5
11.3
7.9
13.6
5.6
8.6
7.0
6.5
4.4
2
8.1
7.7
7.7
6.4
6.1
8.0
9.2
6.6
8.0
10.2
6.5
6.6
8.7
3.8
8.1
7.5
6.1
5.6
8.8
6.4
6.7
3.1
11.0
6.5
11.7
4.7
6.4
7.8
7.6
2.8
0
8.6
6.9
4.6
3.7
2.6
6.6
4.4
6.3
6.7
7.7
8.8
12.0
6.9
6.7
5.9
5.8
11.3
5.4
2.1
8.3
7.5
10.3
5.9
5.4
1.5
3.0
5.1
11.0
8.8
6.7
3.1
1
9.1
8.2
5.9
3.6
1.1
7.4
2.8
5.3
5.3
8.3
6.6
12.5
5.6
6.2
6.2
5.1
13.4
6.3
0.5
7.5
6.8
9.5
4.9
7.2
1.5
4.2
3.7
12.6
9.7
6.4
2.3
2
8.3
5.9
6.4
2.8
1.6
6.8
0.9
6.3
2.7
8.4
9.5
11.9
6.3
6.3
7.8
5.4
14.1
6.6
2.1
6.5
6.5
5.8
5.4
8.2
1.1
4.6
2.2
12.2
9.3
9.9
1.5
1
6.6
3.6
6.3
10.7
9.7
3.9
7.8
6.4
4.0
9.8
6.0
6.6
6.2
4.6
4.2
7.0
2.5
5.3
8.1
8.0
6.1
7.2
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.4
12.7
10.8
8.7
8.3
2
6.8
3.2
4.1
10.3
10.0
3.4
8.4
6.7
3.6
9.6
6.2
6.7
5.8
4.9
4.0
5.8
1.1
4.7
7.2
7.9
7.3
6.4
8.1
5.2
4.4
7.2
12.1
11.1
8.7
7.3
May
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
31
4
5
8.6 8.6
4.7 4.5
6.9 7.5
5.8 5.0
6.0 6.2
7.5 8.1
8.1 6.4
5.5 5.5
7.4 7.5
9.7 9.4
6.2 6.8
7.6 7.6
8.1 7.6
4.3 4.4
8.1 6.9
7.1 4.7
6.1 6.2
4.6 3.6
8.2 8.5
5.9 6.0
7.2 7.9
4.2 3.4
11.1 10.1
6.6 7.5
9.5 9.7
5.0 5.4
6.1 5.8
6.2 6.6
7.0 6.2
3.9 4.0
6
8.0
4.9
7.1
5.4
5.7
7.0
6.6
5.2
7.0
9.2
7.7
7.5
6.6
4.9
5.5
4.6
6.0
4.0
9.6
6.3
7.5
3.3
8.7
7.9
9.1
5.1
4.8
7.0
6.9
4.2
7
6.5
5.1
6.2
6.2
5.2
4.5
7.9
5.7
7.4
8.8
7.8
8.8
6.2
5.5
5.1
5.3
4.9
4.8
7.4
6.1
7.3
2.4
8.5
7.1
8.7
4.9
4.9
8.0
7.5
3.5
8
4.2
4.2
9.4
9.5
5.5
4.1
9.4
6.3
9.5
7.8
7.4
8.9
7.0
6.4
5.4
4.0
5.0
4.6
9.8
7.6
9.6
3.1
7.7
8.9
7.5
4.6
6.1
8.6
9.4
4.5
9
4.5
4.6
12.0
9.8
7.1
4.5
9.6
8.4
11.2
7.8
8.2
9.3
6.7
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.0
6.0
11.0
9.0
11.4
3.9
7.5
10.2
8.5
4.4
5.4
10.7
11.8
4.4
10
4.4
8.3
12.2
10.4
8.2
5.2
8.3
10.3
12.5
9.3
8.6
9.1
3.9
7.7
4.4
7.0
4.1
5.8
10.4
11.0
13.1
4.7
7.2
10.9
8.8
4.2
7.3
12.2
13.1
4.1
11
4.0
8.1
13.1
10.0
8.5
6.4
7.3
11.6
12.1
9.8
8.0
8.9
3.7
8.1
6.7
7.8
3.7
5.3
9.6
11.6
13.2
5.3
7.0
13.3
7.7
4.3
9.8
13.4
12.1
4.8
12
3.9
9.2
13.8
11.0
8.6
5.3
7.4
10.7
11.8
11.3
8.0
8.0
4.5
8.0
6.9
7.7
4.4
4.5
9.1
13.2
14.8
5.5
7.9
13.6
7.0
5.0
9.6
13.3
12.1
6.0
13
3.9
8.5
14.4
11.7
8.7
5.0
7.7
9.3
11.5
11.6
8.4
8.7
4.9
8.1
7.0
8.4
4.7
5.1
7.5
14.1
15.0
5.1
8.7
12.0
7.1
5.3
8.9
13.8
12.1
6.1
14
4.4
9.3
14.8
12.2
9.6
4.9
6.5
8.8
10.9
12.5
8.0
8.5
4.3
9.1
7.0
8.1
4.9
4.6
9.0
14.3
14.1
5.1
8.2
13.3
7.8
5.0
8.7
13.5
12.1
6.0
15
3.9
10.0
14.0
11.9
10.2
5.1
6.1
7.8
10.8
12.3
7.7
8.2
5.4
9.0
6.7
7.3
6.7
5.3
10.4
15.6
12.1
5.0
8.1
13.5
7.2
5.4
7.8
13.2
11.8
6.6
16
4.0
9.2
12.3
12.5
9.1
6.2
5.1
6.4
11.3
11.6
7.1
7.3
6.3
8.6
6.0
7.3
6.9
5.2
11.6
14.7
12.7
5.5
8.1
13.9
6.8
4.8
7.0
12.8
11.1
6.3
17
3.6
9.1
11.8
11.9
8.6
6.8
6.1
6.9
12.2
11.7
6.8
6.8
6.6
9.5
5.8
7.1
7.3
6.6
11.8
14.1
11.7
6.4
8.5
15.0
6.2
4.7
8.3
12.4
10.9
6.6
18
3.9
10.8
10.1
10.5
9.2
7.1
6.4
7.3
11.9
10.7
6.1
6.8
6.9
8.7
4.8
7.3
7.2
7.0
12.4
12.1
12.9
7.1
8.9
15.4
5.9
4.3
6.8
12.6
9.6
7.9
19
3.9
7.7
6.8
7.4
9.8
5.3
7.6
7.7
10.4
9.6
4.5
4.2
4.8
6.5
2.5
9.0
3.8
6.2
12.8
9.0
11.2
6.9
6.9
15.2
5.0
5.1
5.3
10.6
7.9
7.3
20
5.6
5.7
5.1
6.0
8.9
4.0
6.4
8.5
9.1
9.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
4.7
0.8
8.0
4.2
5.6
9.4
5.7
9.9
6.2
8.4
14.7
4.3
5.9
5.0
7.0
5.1
6.4
21
5.8
6.7
6.3
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.3
9.2
9.6
10.3
3.8
4.4
4.3
3.1
1.4
5.9
7.7
4.4
7.5
4.9
8.1
6.3
7.7
14.2
4.8
7.2
5.5
6.1
4.3
6.8
22
5.3
8.8
6.1
8.3
7.0
8.9
7.0
9.4
9.3
10.1
4.3
6.6
4.8
3.9
3.1
5.9
8.7
4.4
7.7
6.3
6.1
6.9
8.5
14.5
3.9
6.8
6.1
6.3
4.3
6.9
23 Mean
6.6
5.7
9.6
7.5
6.2
9.5
7.7
8.6
7.1
7.6
10.6
6.4
7.8
7.6
8.9
7.8
9.7
9.9
9.4
10.1
4.9
6.8
8.9
7.4
4.5
6.0
5.8
6.2
4.3
5.6
6.5
6.8
8.2
5.8
5.5
5.4
8.6
9.5
6.6
9.3
5.2
9.9
8.1
5.0
8.1
8.7
13.6
11.3
4.1
7.8
7.0
5.2
7.1
6.9
8.0
9.6
4.7
8.6
7.7
5.4
6
7
8
9
8.8 7.9 7.9 8.2
6.1 7.7 9.0 9.2
7.1 5.1 4.2 5.5
5.5 5.7 8.0 8.3
2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9
4.2 3.4 4.4 4.2
5.9 4.3 2.8 1.0
6.4 3.0 3.8 2.1
4.3 3.8 3.3 3.2
8.6 4.5 4.2 9.4
8.0 8.0 10.7 10.5
12.5 14.3 13.0 12.6
8.1 9.7 10.7 7.8
12.2 11.4 10.6 9.5
6.7 6.5 6.0 8.0
4.6 4.1 5.1 6.0
9.9 11.2 11.1 9.1
1.2 2.3 3.2 2.6
3.9 3.9 6.0 7.1
4.1 3.2 4.6 3.3
4.9 4.5 5.0 5.6
6.3 6.4 6.7 5.6
5.7 5.5 6.2 5.8
7.5 8.6 9.0 10.1
4.3 4.2 6.0 5.6
5.4 4.9 5.3 4.5
2.8 3.0 2.9 3.3
9.7 9.1 9.6 9.7
9.2 8.5 7.2 6.0
6.3 4.5 4.2 5.5
2.1 2.5 3.3 3.7
10
8.9
8.9
7.6
7.4
1.9
4.6
2.0
3.1
5.0
8.5
7.5
11.7
7.2
9.6
8.9
6.4
8.5
3.9
6.5
6.4
7.3
6.1
5.6
11.4
7.3
4.1
3.7
8.9
9.0
7.0
4.6
11
8.5
9.2
7.4
6.5
2.7
3.2
2.6
5.6
6.8
7.6
5.5
10.9
6.3
9.4
8.4
5.9
7.8
4.7
5.1
6.9
9.2
6.5
4.1
10.9
7.9
4.7
3.0
6.8
11.5
4.4
5.9
12
8.8
9.3
8.5
6.1
2.9
5.1
4.1
5.3
6.3
7.9
5.2
10.1
5.2
10.4
8.0
6.0
7.4
5.3
4.8
6.5
11.5
5.9
5.1
10.4
8.4
6.3
2.2
4.9
11.6
3.0
6.9
13
8.6
9.0
8.7
5.2
2.6
4.0
4.4
8.4
6.3
8.3
5.9
8.9
4.1
10.4
7.2
5.6
6.9
4.9
4.7
5.7
12.5
6.4
7.4
9.9
8.1
6.2
4.0
5.1
11.0
3.8
13.8
14
8.1
8.7
10.8
4.5
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.7
6.2
8.0
5.4
8.9
3.9
9.2
7.7
6.4
6.7
4.1
3.5
5.3
14.2
6.6
10.2
10.8
7.8
5.7
3.5
4.8
10.5
4.0
6.7
15
9.6
8.2
10.3
4.5
3.1
2.8
5.0
3.6
6.2
8.5
5.8
8.7
4.9
8.2
6.7
6.9
5.8
4.1
3.1
4.8
15.4
7.5
8.5
10.4
7.2
5.8
2.8
5.9
10.3
4.7
6.2
16
10.0
8.1
10.2
5.0
1.9
3.6
5.0
5.6
5.4
7.8
6.9
8.1
4.0
7.1
6.2
6.9
5.4
3.5
2.6
5.1
14.7
8.0
7.8
10.8
6.7
5.0
2.2
5.8
10.0
5.0
5.0
17
11.1
6.9
13.1
5.7
2.3
3.8
4.2
5.9
3.8
8.7
8.6
6.7
5.0
6.0
5.8
6.6
4.7
3.7
2.5
4.1
13.2
8.3
10.4
10.7
6.9
4.6
2.9
5.6
9.1
4.8
4.2
18
9.0
6.0
9.5
4.4
1.7
1.7
4.8
5.8
3.9
7.8
9.2
6.4
5.7
5.5
5.4
6.7
4.8
2.8
1.3
5.1
12.9
8.7
9.2
10.8
7.2
4.8
4.2
5.1
8.9
4.8
5.3
19
7.5
4.9
6.0
4.4
1.6
1.8
3.6
3.8
2.4
7.1
10.1
7.5
5.5
4.9
6.0
6.0
4.7
2.0
0.5
5.8
12.2
8.4
9.8
9.4
6.6
5.3
4.5
5.1
8.6
3.6
7.1
20
6.4
2.4
4.7
3.5
1.7
4.5
5.3
3.2
0.7
5.7
10.8
8.0
4.5
7.0
5.1
10.1
3.4
1.4
1.6
7.1
9.5
7.3
9.1
7.8
4.8
4.5
5.3
5.9
8.8
2.0
6.5
21
7.1
1.4
3.7
2.2
3.5
2.9
4.4
5.7
1.0
8.3
12.9
6.8
6.2
6.6
4.9
12.4
3.3
3.1
3.8
11.4
7.4
6.1
7.8
4.6
4.1
3.8
6.1
7.0
9.1
1.9
6.5
22
7.3
4.0
3.5
1.2
5.8
2.3
6.5
5.3
3.3
10.1
14.1
5.7
7.9
6.2
5.2
13.8
3.1
2.8
4.3
12.0
7.0
7.0
9.5
2.3
3.6
3.5
7.6
8.0
9.0
2.9
7.2
23 Mean
6.8
8.5
4.8
6.8
4.3
7.2
0.8
5.0
7.5
2.5
3.2
4.1
7.6
4.1
6.4
5.0
5.4
4.2
7.7
7.8
13.8
8.4
6.5
9.8
6.8
6.5
5.9
7.8
5.4
6.6
12.6
6.8
5.1
7.9
1.7
3.9
6.8
3.5
9.1
5.9
8.5
8.8
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.1
1.9
8.2
2.2
5.1
2.9
4.8
8.7
3.8
9.3
8.1
8.9
9.1
3.6
5.0
6.5
4.9
10
10.2
4.8
5.1
3.2
7.7
2.3
6.4
4.2
6.7
5.5
6.2
6.8
8.1
7.2
10.8
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.4
1.4
9.5
5.5
4.3
2.7
1.6
4.4
12.4
9.6
7.1
7.2
11
10.4
6.4
4.3
1.9
7.0
3.1
5.3
4.1
5.8
6.8
6.1
5.9
8.5
8.1
9.7
7.1
5.6
5.8
6.3
2.7
9.6
4.4
4.0
2.7
2.8
3.5
10.0
9.3
8.0
7.2
12
8.9
7.1
2.9
5.2
6.7
3.1
5.8
5.2
5.9
7.3
6.9
5.7
9.4
7.0
10.6
9.1
5.8
5.6
5.4
3.4
6.7
4.1
3.3
3.8
2.5
2.8
10.5
9.5
9.2
7.1
13
8.6
6.8
2.4
10.9
5.6
3.0
5.9
6.7
5.9
8.8
7.6
5.1
9.6
6.8
9.0
10.1
6.4
6.1
5.7
4.5
5.2
3.9
3.8
4.6
4.3
2.4
11.5
9.4
11.0
9.1
14
7.9
6.5
2.1
12.6
6.2
1.9
6.4
8.0
6.4
8.2
7.7
3.4
9.4
6.0
8.5
10.9
6.8
5.1
5.4
6.7
2.9
3.0
4.5
3.5
4.1
3.2
10.5
8.8
10.6
9.6
15
7.6
6.1
2.7
11.5
5.2
2.4
7.2
8.4
7.9
8.4
6.4
7.5
9.4
4.9
10.4
13.0
6.9
5.0
5.0
10.7
11.2
3.1
4.7
4.4
3.4
3.0
11.9
10.2
10.4
9.3
16
8.1
5.3
2.1
12.4
5.7
2.7
6.9
9.9
7.4
7.8
3.4
3.4
9.4
3.7
12.6
12.0
6.9
5.9
4.8
11.4
12.0
2.6
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.1
13.4
9.3
10.3
7.2
17
10.3
5.2
5.1
12.8
6.1
1.6
7.0
10.7
6.1
7.2
4.1
2.2
8.2
3.5
12.7
10.9
7.7
6.2
4.7
10.7
14.0
2.1
4.3
4.3
4.8
6.1
13.1
8.6
10.8
8.9
18
12.0
5.4
6.6
10.4
5.8
2.2
7.1
12.1
3.2
7.4
6.1
1.6
8.3
3.9
10.3
10.1
7.7
7.8
5.1
11.3
13.3
2.1
4.8
4.2
1.7
9.0
12.8
7.3
11.7
7.0
19
9.0
6.3
8.1
8.5
7.0
0.8
5.6
11.5
6.1
6.6
4.2
2.0
7.4
4.6
6.0
6.7
7.0
9.1
4.9
11.8
12.1
2.1
3.9
4.6
0.9
8.2
11.9
5.9
10.5
5.4
20
4.2
11.7
8.9
4.9
7.7
2.0
4.3
10.9
6.3
5.3
5.5
3.6
5.2
5.5
8.3
3.3
6.2
8.6
3.7
10.8
12.1
2.0
3.5
3.5
12.4
8.7
8.9
6.9
9.4
5.9
21
5.4
4.2
9.1
1.4
6.1
5.4
5.9
9.9
6.9
5.4
5.6
2.9
3.2
5.5
9.0
7.0
5.1
9.9
4.2
8.6
10.1
3.3
3.1
1.9
10.2
10.5
6.4
8.9
7.2
7.5
22
5.5
2.2
9.5
5.1
5.7
6.6
6.9
8.4
8.3
5.8
4.6
5.6
4.6
5.6
9.7
7.8
3.9
11.4
5.9
8.7
8.8
5.0
3.7
3.9
9.0
12.3
6.6
7.5
7.1
7.3
23 Mean
5.8
7.4
5.0
5.6
10.8
4.7
8.3
7.9
5.1
7.7
6.9
3.0
5.4
7.5
6.9
6.8
9.6
6.5
6.8
7.3
1.5
5.6
6.1
4.6
5.3
6.8
6.1
6.0
6.7
8.6
6.6
7.2
4.5
5.0
11.8
6.8
6.3
6.3
6.7
7.1
8.9
8.5
5.9
4.8
6.7
5.4
4.7
4.0
5.3
5.3
12.4
6.2
9.0
10.9
7.7
9.0
8.3
9.5
8.6
8.1
June
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3
8.4
6.3
8.0
7.2
5.0
6.5
9.9
5.3
7.7
10.2
6.0
6.7
7.5
4.9
8.2
7.9
5.6
6.0
9.2
6.3
7.0
3.1
11.2
5.8
11.0
4.9
5.6
6.4
5.3
3.4
0
6.3
5.5
7.5
10.5
8.8
5.0
7.3
5.7
6.3
9.1
7.1
3.0
5.8
4.9
7.8
7.9
4.5
6.5
9.9
7.2
4.4
8.1
7.1
6.3
5.3
6.2
12.8
10.5
7.0
9.0
3
8.0
6.6
8.1
1.7
1.9
5.0
1.9
4.5
2.7
9.0
6.4
12.4
6.6
6.0
7.8
4.7
11.5
7.1
2.1
3.0
5.5
5.8
7.1
7.1
3.1
5.1
2.4
11.1
7.4
5.8
2.8
4
5
9.5 9.5
5.7 6.0
8.4 9.2
7.1 5.3
1.1 1.8
4.2 4.7
5.0 5.7
4.9 7.0
2.3 3.1
7.3 7.3
6.1 5.8
9.7 10.2
8.4 7.9
5.0 6.5
6.5 6.4
5.1 4.1
10.2 10.6
6.7 4.7
1.4 3.1
3.7 3.1
4.9 4.2
6.2 6.7
6.0 5.6
6.2 6.6
2.7 3.0
5.1 5.3
1.8 2.9
10.5 10.7
8.1 8.6
8.0 7.5
2.0 1.7
4
5.5
5.9
0.4
6.5
11.9
3.0
10.5
5.8
6.3
7.7
6.8
2.8
2.3
6.0
5.4
3.8
0.8
6.3
7.4
7.5
5.3
5.5
8.2
3.2
8.1
8.9
11.3
10.7
10.4
8.3
5
6.1
7.0
1.1
6.0
10.1
3.4
11.2
5.6
7.1
8.2
4.5
3.4
3.9
7.4
6.2
6.3
1.2
6.7
7.9
7.3
5.7
6.4
8.5
2.5
7.8
4.2
10.6
10.7
10.0
8.5
6
7
8
6.7 5.3 4.9
5.3 4.5 6.0
2.0 2.6 3.8
6.8 8.2 7.4
8.6 9.1 9.0
2.4 1.6 1.7
10.8 9.2 10.7
4.3 2.6 2.0
6.8 7.8 7.7
7.9 6.0 6.0
4.0 5.7 6.4
4.9 3.9 6.1
5.7 5.9 7.8
9.8 8.8 8.0
8.3 9.9 10.6
4.8 1.9 3.6
2.7 4.4 6.0
6.0 5.9 6.1
8.8 8.0 7.6
6.4 3.8 2.7
7.6 8.6 8.8
7.6 7.2 6.4
7.4 6.2 4.7
3.1 4.0 3.9
7.5 6.2 4.1
5.2 5.5 4.4
9.3 8.8 10.2
10.4 5.3 7.1
11.0 10.5 10.5
8.5 9.1 10.5
9
9.0
5.1
4.2
5.4
8.5
1.3
8.5
1.2
7.4
5.4
5.6
5.7
8.2
7.0
11.2
6.6
7.2
5.7
6.6
2.3
8.7
6.0
3.9
3.7
2.4
3.5
13.2
10.5
10.2
9.6
July
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
8.3
4.8
7.6
6.1
4.5
3.3
5.2
4.7
1.9
6.5
0.6
5.4
7.7
8.9
2.4
3.5
5.2
6.6
5.1
8.3
9.2
7.9
5.0
7.3
11.4
8.6
9.7
9.3
8.5
11.3
5.3
2
8.6
5.2
7.7
5.8
4.5
4.2
3.0
5.6
2.8
6.8
2.3
5.1
7.4
8.9
1.5
2.7
13.3
6.3
4.3
7.8
8.9
7.4
5.7
6.9
9.2
8.3
8.8
9.3
9.2
9.8
5.1
1
4.6
4.8
6.8
4.8
0.9
3.3
5.6
6.3
11.0
8.8
10.3
8.9
6.9
13.7
9.7
7.6
5.4
5.9
5.2
1.7
8.7
3.5
6.9
3.4
4.0
3.3
3.5
3.3
8.1
13.4
5.1
2
4.6
4.5
6.9
2.2
0.6
5.4
6.0
7.1
8.7
9.7
10.1
7.8
7.0
13.9
9.6
4.3
4.8
3.7
4.6
1.6
9.5
1.0
9.2
1.7
3.6
4.0
3.9
0.5
7.0
13.7
5.3
August
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
3.8
5.0
6.6
4.4
2.4
5.8
5.6
4.4
9.9
7.0
9.7
7.7
7.9
11.4
9.0
8.9
6.1
6.8
4.6
3.0
7.9
3.9
7.8
4.1
5.1
3.9
3.8
4.9
10.0
12.4
5.1
31
0
6.2
6.7
7.2
6.5
6.9
4.7
4.7
4.5
7.3
7.6
8.3
5.5
9.2
6.7
7.9
6.5
6.0
8.1
6.5
13.1
3.6
8.3
8.2
3.0
5.9
4.8
11.4
8.6
4.7
9.7
4
5
8.5 8.4
5.7 4.9
6.1 7.1
6.8 5.3
3.0 3.8
4.8 4.5
4.7 0.5
4.5 3.5
3.1 3.8
4.4 3.8
1.1 2.6
4.2 4.2
8.4 7.9
9.1 4.4
5.3 5.0
8.4 7.9
12.4 7.1
8.0 6.3
5.6 4.9
7.3 6.9
7.9 5.9
4.5 4.3
7.3 5.7
2.1 2.7
9.4 9.1
8.3 8.5
8.5 7.6
11.4 10.7
7.2 7.5
5.2 2.4
7.0 5.3
6
7
8
8.9 9.5 9.8
3.7 2.9 4.1
7.5 8.8 8.7
6.9 8.8 10.2
5.6 6.5 7.3
5.0 6.3 5.4
0.6 1.0 2.8
1.3 2.3 2.6
2.5 3.5 3.9
2.5 1.2 2.4
3.6 4.5 4.3
3.2 0.8 2.5
6.3 4.5 4.6
4.0 4.8 4.4
5.5 4.0 4.5
8.2 7.7 7.0
4.6 5.4 5.5
2.9 2.9 3.5
3.7 2.2 2.7
5.9 4.0 3.8
4.4 4.4 4.1
3.3 2.9 1.3
4.0 0.9 0.8
2.3 2.1 1.3
8.8 8.5 7.8
5.1 2.6 3.8
9.9 10.6 9.5
6.7 6.3 7.5
6.7 6.8 7.3
1.3 4.2 5.0
5.1 6.2 5.5
9
7.5
8.7
7.2
9.9
8.4
5.1
2.6
3.4
4.5
2.8
5.7
5.2
2.5
4.7
3.1
6.6
6.8
2.4
2.2
3.1
4.8
0.8
2.7
1.1
6.7
4.1
8.7
7.2
5.7
5.6
5.6
10
6.6
8.3
5.5
10.3
8.3
4.6
1.9
4.5
3.9
1.2
5.6
4.3
2.9
4.8
1.8
6.6
6.7
3.6
3.1
1.8
3.9
3.9
3.5
2.4
5.8
4.0
8.0
6.8
5.5
5.5
7.1
11
6.8
8.3
6.9
8.6
8.5
4.1
1.9
4.5
4.1
1.6
5.0
4.5
3.2
3.8
2.0
5.3
5.5
4.1
3.9
1.3
2.5
5.4
4.9
4.2
6.3
3.2
6.6
5.8
5.0
5.8
6.0
12
6.9
7.1
7.1
7.9
7.9
3.8
2.8
5.0
2.9
2.4
4.9
4.5
3.3
6.2
2.8
5.3
4.3
3.8
4.1
3.0
2.9
6.2
6.1
5.7
7.0
3.5
5.5
5.2
4.4
6.1
5.2
13
8.2
6.5
7.2
7.9
7.9
3.3
3.6
4.3
3.8
2.9
4.9
3.8
4.1
7.3
3.3
5.0
4.4
3.8
4.2
3.0
2.7
6.7
7.4
6.5
7.8
4.7
5.8
3.8
4.3
5.5
5.2
14
8.0
5.9
7.5
7.4
8.2
3.6
3.2
5.0
3.2
2.9
4.7
3.6
4.2
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
7.9
7.7
6.4
8.3
3.1
6.2
4.7
3.5
6.4
5.7
15
7.9
5.9
8.1
6.8
8.2
4.1
3.1
4.0
3.7
1.8
4.9
2.6
4.0
2.9
3.7
7.3
4.1
3.4
2.7
2.8
2.8
8.1
7.8
7.3
8.9
3.9
6.4
5.0
3.0
7.3
4.8
16
9.1
5.5
7.9
6.6
7.4
2.1
3.1
4.5
3.7
1.8
4.9
3.2
3.6
5.7
4.5
8.4
3.2
2.6
2.6
5.3
3.4
7.4
6.8
7.4
9.2
3.6
6.7
5.5
2.5
6.9
5.6
17
10.7
4.8
9.6
6.2
7.5
3.1
3.7
2.8
4.1
1.6
2.8
4.4
4.2
4.4
5.5
4.6
4.3
3.3
3.0
6.8
3.7
8.2
7.6
7.6
9.3
4.0
6.2
4.7
2.6
6.6
5.8
18
11.0
6.4
9.7
6.0
7.0
4.8
3.6
4.3
4.6
1.7
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.4
5.4
2.8
2.7
2.3
4.5
8.6
7.0
7.8
9.6
7.1
7.7
5.4
3.8
6.7
6.8
19
10.8
8.4
4.2
5.1
6.6
7.9
4.5
2.8
5.7
1.1
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.9
5.3
5.7
4.8
2.2
4.2
1.0
3.5
8.0
7.5
6.8
9.0
11.5
8.8
5.1
4.5
6.8
6.7
20
9.1
7.4
5.5
7.0
5.2
6.8
4.1
3.6
6.4
7.4
4.2
5.4
4.8
7.2
5.0
6.4
3.6
2.8
4.8
3.0
4.4
6.6
6.0
6.1
7.2
12.0
7.7
3.9
2.5
5.4
4.8
21
4.3
7.4
7.5
6.0
3.9
7.9
4.6
8.6
6.3
6.8
4.8
5.3
5.9
7.1
5.3
4.9
3.4
3.8
5.5
6.3
6.9
5.6
6.1
9.3
7.1
11.2
7.6
2.2
8.1
4.5
4.5
22
5.0
8.6
6.5
5.4
3.8
8.0
3.9
9.5
7.4
6.7
5.0
5.9
7.0
7.3
4.1
4.0
3.7
4.5
6.2
9.2
7.1
5.0
7.2
10.1
7.8
10.9
8.2
3.3
7.1
5.0
4.6
23 Mean
5.8
8.5
6.2
5.4
2.9
7.8
3.9
6.3
7.7
5.5
5.4
7.2
8.2
5.0
5.3
2.5
6.7
5.2
7.2
9.5
7.5
4.4
6.8
11.6
9.1
11.8
8.9
6.4
9.5
6.9
3.3
8.2
6.3
7.2
7.0
6.0
5.0
3.3
4.5
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.3
5.4
5.9
4.0
5.8
5.8
4.3
4.0
5.0
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.7
8.5
6.7
8.0
6.5
5.9
6.0
5.5
7
8
9
4.2 6.6 6.6
2.7 4.0 4.3
3.9 4.0 3.2
4.1 3.1 4.5
2.0 2.6 4.1
7.3 9.2 9.6
5.6 6.8 6.9
16.5 15.2 13.3
10.2 9.8 8.3
4.9 4.5 4.6
5.0 5.3 6.2
6.9 7.6 7.5
5.5 5.9 5.7
10.9 10.2 10.5
9.4 9.0 10.5
5.0 6.7 6.4
4.4 4.8 5.3
5.0 7.0 9.0
8.7 9.0 9.0
1.4 2.0 2.1
7.5 8.6 9.1
2.9 3.8 3.1
5.2 4.9 4.1
5.7 5.4 5.5
1.4 2.1 2.1
4.1 4.5 5.0
4.4 5.1 4.8
4.7 3.4 3.1
6.3 5.7 5.7
14.8 14.3 12.8
6.7 7.0 7.9
10
8.1
4.2
3.0
5.5
3.5
8.9
7.7
10.5
7.5
4.6
7.5
7.6
5.8
10.9
9.4
6.0
8.4
8.3
8.2
2.8
8.1
2.9
4.9
5.2
2.0
8.4
4.5
2.9
5.6
12.1
7.0
11
8.1
4.6
3.1
6.3
2.5
9.6
5.3
10.8
7.5
5.0
7.4
7.9
6.5
10.9
8.9
5.1
8.2
7.8
8.9
2.3
7.3
2.1
4.1
4.3
2.9
8.8
4.8
2.9
5.1
11.9
7.7
12
7.7
4.0
2.8
6.5
2.8
11.3
3.5
14.1
7.3
4.6
7.0
8.1
8.0
10.1
8.2
5.4
3.8
10.0
8.4
1.8
8.3
2.0
4.9
7.9
3.4
9.8
6.2
3.2
3.7
12.3
6.9
13
6.9
3.1
2.6
7.2
3.8
12.0
4.6
18.0
6.8
4.6
5.8
7.3
8.6
10.3
8.3
5.0
4.1
10.7
7.9
1.9
7.4
1.9
4.1
7.0
7.1
10.1
7.4
3.5
4.3
12.5
10.4
14
6.3
4.2
1.7
7.3
5.2
12.6
4.1
17.3
5.9
5.8
7.0
6.7
10.0
10.7
9.0
4.8
2.7
12.4
7.4
3.0
8.1
1.9
11.9
6.1
5.1
9.6
8.9
3.2
5.3
11.8
10.0
15
5.9
4.0
0.7
7.7
2.1
16.6
3.0
17.1
5.1
7.1
8.4
5.5
9.6
9.6
9.8
4.5
2.1
11.4
7.0
6.3
6.4
2.2
8.1
5.6
6.3
9.4
9.3
4.1
6.3
8.9
9.6
16
5.5
4.1
4.5
6.4
4.7
12.5
4.4
15.0
3.9
7.5
7.4
4.1
9.4
8.1
9.2
4.6
2.8
8.3
6.0
7.4
6.8
4.1
5.5
4.3
6.4
8.8
10.5
4.6
6.8
9.4
7.4
17
4.2
3.6
5.9
4.5
7.3
10.2
4.3
10.7
2.6
9.0
7.5
1.4
9.5
7.3
7.7
2.1
3.3
4.1
3.8
8.0
5.9
5.5
1.7
4.5
6.7
7.2
9.5
5.8
8.0
10.3
7.9
18
3.2
3.9
5.7
3.8
6.3
10.9
3.5
10.0
1.9
10.2
8.0
0.3
9.6
6.3
8.7
3.7
3.7
2.3
3.6
7.8
7.1
6.5
0.3
4.1
7.8
7.5
9.3
6.6
9.2
11.3
8.6
19
1.9
4.7
2.6
4.2
5.6
8.3
2.6
10.3
0.8
9.5
7.6
0.3
10.2
7.1
8.3
4.0
4.3
3.1
3.6
8.1
10.2
7.5
3.7
4.2
7.6
7.2
9.4
7.7
10.2
11.8
8.9
20
2.4
5.4
3.7
5.6
6.4
8.3
3.5
10.5
1.7
10.1
7.2
4.8
9.7
7.5
5.9
4.7
4.7
4.2
3.2
7.9
10.7
8.8
5.9
3.6
7.0
6.2
9.2
8.0
11.1
12.1
7.1
21
3.4
5.8
4.7
4.6
6.2
5.4
2.3
11.2
4.7
10.4
6.1
7.6
9.5
8.7
3.9
6.9
4.0
4.3
2.3
8.2
8.1
8.3
6.5
3.6
4.1
4.8
9.2
8.6
11.2
11.9
2.3
22
2.8
6.0
6.0
3.1
4.4
6.4
2.5
10.9
5.3
10.7
1.8
7.9
10.6
10.1
4.8
7.4
6.3
3.6
1.5
8.1
5.9
7.9
6.1
4.2
4.2
5.1
8.6
8.7
12.3
10.3
5.4
23 Mean
4.4
5.5
7.3
4.1
4.8
5.2
2.9
9.2
6.5
10.0
4.2
7.2
11.1
9.8
6.8
7.8
5.9
4.9
0.3
8.5
3.3
9.1
2.8
5.0
5.0
4.2
6.8
8.8
12.2
10.6
5.8
5.3
4.3
4.4
4.8
3.6
8.5
4.6
12.1
6.9
7.7
7.1
6.4
7.8
10.6
8.6
5.4
4.6
6.0
6.0
4.1
7.6
3.8
5.9
4.6
4.2
6.4
6.4
4.8
7.5
12.3
6.8
10
5.0
5.0
4.0
8.7
6.3
2.5
1.1
7.1
5.8
16.1
7.9
4.1
8.3
5.3
1.6
6.2
10.3
10.8
10.4
12.2
2.6
7.8
9.4
8.4
10.2
3.7
18.7
9.0
5.9
6.3
11
4.8
5.5
4.3
6.1
6.8
3.1
2.0
7.3
5.8
16.3
7.0
3.1
7.4
5.1
2.5
8.1
8.9
10.1
8.9
11.6
2.8
7.2
9.4
8.5
10.4
3.6
16.6
9.5
5.4
7.9
12
7.6
4.8
5.6
5.1
3.7
3.9
3.1
8.2
6.0
16.4
6.9
3.7
6.4
4.7
2.4
9.4
8.3
10.0
9.4
11.2
2.7
6.4
9.6
8.8
9.8
3.1
15.3
9.6
5.7
8.0
13
8.1
4.5
6.2
5.3
3.8
4.3
3.5
9.2
5.9
15.8
8.1
4.6
5.7
3.4
2.4
10.8
8.5
9.3
12.6
11.7
2.3
7.1
10.7
7.9
10.8
3.7
6.4
9.1
5.3
6.4
14
6.5
4.5
8.3
4.2
4.2
2.9
4.3
10.0
6.3
13.8
8.9
5.3
5.7
5.3
1.6
12.3
8.6
8.5
12.5
10.5
2.3
6.4
10.6
7.1
12.8
4.5
9.2
7.7
4.7
6.7
15
11.1
4.7
5.9
4.4
3.1
2.1
4.3
8.3
4.9
9.2
6.2
6.7
5.7
7.4
2.5
11.8
8.6
7.5
11.3
8.7
2.1
5.4
8.5
4.9
10.8
4.9
10.7
5.8
3.8
7.8
16
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.0
1.1
5.6
5.3
5.3
3.8
6.2
2.2
6.3
5.7
6.0
4.5
10.8
7.3
5.9
10.2
6.8
2.7
6.2
7.2
5.7
8.9
5.2
11.0
4.4
1.9
8.3
17
2.5
6.0
6.2
5.2
5.5
8.8
8.4
4.9
3.2
5.1
1.6
6.0
6.4
4.6
5.1
10.3
8.1
5.5
9.2
6.5
1.1
7.3
7.0
8.4
8.9
5.8
10.9
3.4
2.2
9.1
18
1.0
5.8
5.3
6.6
8.2
9.6
4.5
7.0
4.3
5.3
0.3
7.7
6.5
4.6
5.7
10.6
7.8
5.1
10.9
5.0
0.3
8.7
6.5
9.7
7.7
6.0
13.1
3.8
5.3
9.2
19
1.4
7.1
5.6
7.4
6.5
10.1
5.1
8.0
6.8
7.4
0.3
6.6
4.4
6.8
4.9
9.8
7.8
5.1
11.8
4.8
2.1
8.7
5.7
8.7
7.0
6.0
10.3
5.5
6.0
7.9
20
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.2
5.1
10.8
4.2
7.2
8.4
7.5
3.3
5.5
4.6
6.0
5.8
9.2
8.0
4.4
12.1
4.4
4.3
9.8
5.1
6.3
7.3
8.5
7.2
6.0
5.7
6.7
21
5.8
7.9
8.7
6.0
4.8
10.4
5.3
6.6
8.4
7.4
4.5
7.2
6.1
7.4
6.1
5.8
7.9
5.3
14.2
2.7
5.5
9.7
5.2
6.0
6.3
9.2
7.1
5.7
7.4
4.6
22
5.3
7.9
8.8
6.9
3.0
8.7
6.4
6.3
7.4
6.6
2.3
7.5
7.5
8.1
6.6
4.7
7.8
6.0
14.5
1.8
7.2
9.0
5.0
6.3
4.4
10.7
7.8
5.3
8.7
6.1
23 Mean
5.5
7.3
8.7
7.5
2.4
6.3
5.8
6.6
8.5
7.2
3.1
8.2
8.4
8.8
5.8
5.4
8.5
6.5
14.1
3.2
7.7
9.1
2.5
5.5
3.7
11.2
9.8
4.7
9.8
7.0
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.4
5.5
5.5
4.2
7.0
6.2
10.4
6.3
6.8
8.3
6.1
4.7
7.8
8.3
7.4
10.1
10.1
3.1
8.1
7.9
6.1
7.4
5.1
12.0
7.1
4.8
6.7
Septem ber
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3
9.1
6.4
6.5
7.2
2.9
5.5
4.3
6.0
5.2
6.5
1.2
4.1
8.0
9.3
2.7
7.0
12.6
6.6
4.1
7.3
8.5
7.2
5.8
4.4
9.3
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.0
6.4
6.2
1
8.6
5.6
6.8
4.1
6.4
4.6
5.4
6.0
6.1
5.9
9.2
7.2
9.8
6.5
8.0
5.3
6.4
7.8
5.5
17.0
2.8
8.2
8.1
2.4
6.5
3.0
12.0
7.4
2.5
9.5
3
6.6
1.8
6.2
2.5
0.8
5.3
5.1
8.2
8.6
10.5
9.3
7.5
6.9
14.4
9.5
4.6
4.4
2.8
5.9
0.9
9.0
0.6
9.5
1.2
1.5
4.3
3.9
1.4
6.4
13.5
3.9
4
6.5
3.4
5.0
5.3
1.5
6.9
4.6
12.3
10.4
8.8
7.9
6.3
6.2
15.8
10.2
5.1
4.7
0.6
8.8
0.6
6.9
0.7
8.7
3.4
1.0
5.8
3.7
4.0
6.2
13.4
5.4
5
4.0
5.3
4.3
4.8
3.5
6.9
5.5
14.1
10.5
8.7
7.6
8.2
3.5
14.5
11.0
3.7
4.1
3.3
8.6
1.1
6.1
0.7
8.7
5.1
2.2
5.7
4.0
4.9
6.3
14.0
4.9
6
2.0
4.3
4.4
3.9
3.5
6.9
5.5
16.5
9.9
7.4
6.5
7.2
2.7
12.1
10.1
5.3
3.1
3.6
7.6
1.3
6.6
1.1
6.6
5.3
2.1
5.1
3.7
6.1
6.2
14.9
6.2
3
5.9
5.1
4.6
5.6
5.9
5.2
2.3
6.3
7.0
7.5
10.9
9.3
9.9
6.2
7.1
5.5
7.7
7.1
6.7
15.5
3.4
8.7
6.5
0.5
6.0
3.8
10.0
6.8
3.7
5.2
4
4.5
4.5
6.4
6.6
4.8
4.4
1.6
6.4
6.1
9.8
11.5
10.1
11.6
6.5
6.2
7.3
8.2
8.8
7.2
13.4
3.1
8.5
5.9
3.9
5.2
3.3
11.8
7.9
4.6
3.9
5
5.4
4.4
6.9
4.8
5.2
4.5
1.7
8.0
5.7
12.6
9.1
10.4
13.2
6.8
5.3
7.1
8.4
7.7
8.8
13.0
2.7
9.1
8.8
3.8
3.6
3.8
12.2
8.9
2.4
3.6
6
7.4
4.3
5.5
3.6
7.3
4.0
3.7
6.3
5.2
13.2
7.1
10.1
13.9
6.5
4.4
6.9
9.5
6.8
8.4
13.1
3.0
9.1
10.9
5.4
4.9
3.5
15.4
8.8
3.7
4.1
7
4.1
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.1
3.8
5.2
7.0
5.7
14.1
6.8
8.5
12.7
6.7
3.7
7.4
10.1
5.9
9.9
13.4
2.8
8.9
11.1
7.3
4.3
3.6
16.0
8.6
5.7
5.2
8
4.9
6.4
3.5
2.0
8.5
3.8
4.0
6.9
7.9
15.5
6.1
6.2
10.6
5.7
2.6
7.6
10.3
8.4
11.0
12.9
2.1
8.0
10.9
8.0
6.7
3.6
16.1
7.9
4.8
4.9
9
3.7
5.9
3.3
3.0
7.2
2.6
3.1
6.7
5.8
16.2
8.5
4.9
9.3
4.9
1.0
4.2
10.2
10.8
11.4
12.6
2.3
7.5
10.0
8.6
9.0
3.4
17.0
8.3
5.1
5.2
October
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
7.3
3.8
5.1
4.3
5.4
5.9
5.8
11.3
9.8
9.8
4.9
4.0
1.8
6.5
3.9
3.2
6.5
3.9
5.8
2.6
5.1
2.5
6.6
5.9
6.3
5.5
10.2
5.4
5.0
2.5
2.5
2
6.4
1.1
4.4
4.6
4.0
6.3
5.3
10.7
6.1
11.4
6.2
6.2
3.6
5.7
5.6
3.0
6.9
4.2
6.6
4.6
5.0
3.2
8.3
8.6
7.2
6.1
8.5
4.4
4.4
2.4
2.5
Novem ber
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
6.2
4.7
5.8
6.1
7.5
6.1
6.2
7.0
9.3
7.7
8.2
7.1
8.4
6.9
7.2
5.0
5.5
6.9
5.1
6.3
5.2
5.9
8.5
6.5
2.7
5.3
6.5
5.5
5.7
5.1
1
7.5
4.3
6.0
6.6
8.2
7.0
6.2
4.8
9.6
7.2
6.0
7.2
7.7
6.1
7.8
4.4
4.9
8.0
5.8
5.9
4.1
5.5
7.4
7.9
3.3
6.2
5.0
6.8
5.5
6.2
0
4.3
7.7
6.0
6.2
8.1
4.9
5.7
6.2
6.5
5.0
7.0
5.1
6.7
6.0
7.5
5.3
6.2
6.9
5.9
5.1
6.9
7.3
6.4
7.6
5.7
6.2
7.3
5.6
4.5
4.1
5.7
1
3.1
7.6
5.7
5.9
8.4
4.4
6.4
5.3
5.5
4.4
6.8
4.5
6.6
6.8
8.1
5.4
5.6
6.8
5.9
4.5
6.6
7.7
6.5
7.1
5.7
6.9
7.9
5.5
4.6
4.4
7.6
4
5
4.9 5.3
5.5 5.8
4.9 4.0
3.1 5.0
4.2 3.6
5.9 4.8
6.0 4.5
9.7 9.2
5.2 6.4
11.7 15.8
7.4 6.8
7.2 8.2
3.3 2.1
3.0 5.0
4.2 4.3
4.5 4.9
5.9 6.3
6.8 6.6
5.3 4.1
5.9 4.1
5.3 4.5
3.8 5.2
4.8 4.6
9.9 9.9
5.2 3.9
4.9 4.8
6.8 6.8
3.1 3.5
5.2 4.8
3.4 3.8
2.8 3.4
6
3.7
6.4
4.9
5.9
5.8
4.6
3.8
9.7
8.5
16.0
6.6
8.0
1.7
9.5
4.0
5.4
5.2
7.2
4.7
4.3
4.3
5.2
5.6
11.8
3.4
4.5
8.8
8.0
3.9
2.0
4.3
7
3.6
5.3
5.2
6.3
7.5
5.4
2.4
8.6
8.5
15.8
9.5
7.3
2.8
12.2
3.6
6.7
5.2
9.8
7.3
5.3
4.2
6.0
7.7
11.8
3.3
3.9
10.5
10.7
3.4
3.2
4.6
8
3.5
5.1
6.5
6.7
8.7
5.2
2.1
8.0
7.2
16.5
10.9
7.9
6.5
11.8
4.3
8.9
5.8
12.7
8.7
5.4
3.8
5.9
11.1
12.2
2.4
5.1
11.8
12.1
3.8
4.7
5.5
9
4.0
4.8
6.7
6.3
7.3
5.0
2.4
7.1
8.0
18.0
10.0
9.8
7.1
11.1
4.2
9.5
5.9
14.1
8.5
6.9
4.8
6.3
11.2
9.7
2.7
7.0
13.0
13.2
3.3
4.6
6.5
10
4.1
4.6
6.4
6.7
8.1
4.8
2.2
6.4
8.8
17.5
10.3
9.5
6.5
11.0
3.9
10.6
6.0
14.4
8.9
6.7
4.8
6.4
11.3
10.1
2.7
8.7
15.3
13.0
3.2
5.4
7.2
11
3.3
4.7
6.2
6.5
8.6
5.5
2.3
7.0
8.9
18.6
11.3
8.7
7.7
11.3
4.1
10.1
5.8
13.8
8.7
8.3
5.3
7.3
10.3
6.8
3.3
7.3
16.1
12.8
3.1
4.5
8.2
12
3.0
5.6
5.5
6.9
7.8
5.9
1.9
7.2
8.2
16.8
13.7
8.9
8.1
11.7
4.0
10.1
5.7
12.4
8.4
8.2
5.8
7.5
10.1
6.3
2.4
6.5
14.7
12.4
1.8
4.1
7.8
13
3.3
7.1
5.8
7.0
8.4
4.8
1.7
7.4
7.4
13.8
13.9
8.1
8.0
10.7
3.6
9.6
5.5
10.9
8.0
8.6
6.1
5.5
9.2
7.6
1.9
7.6
13.5
11.3
0.8
4.1
8.4
14
3.5
8.4
5.2
6.2
6.8
5.0
1.0
6.1
6.4
12.9
12.1
7.7
8.5
8.1
2.3
7.7
4.7
8.4
6.0
8.3
4.8
3.7
6.8
10.2
1.0
7.9
9.8
8.5
2.3
2.8
7.6
15
2.9
8.9
3.2
3.9
4.5
2.9
3.0
6.9
6.7
8.4
8.9
6.7
7.6
5.1
0.8
6.0
4.3
5.5
3.6
7.2
4.3
3.7
5.2
7.8
4.0
5.5
7.8
6.5
4.5
3.5
5.5
16
2.1
10.4
0.4
2.5
3.8
1.6
4.6
7.6
5.2
8.1
6.7
6.0
8.7
4.4
0.5
6.1
2.9
5.5
3.7
5.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
7.7
6.3
5.2
4.7
3.1
5.5
3.5
5.1
17
2.3
11.7
0.3
2.3
4.7
0.3
6.2
8.7
6.7
7.2
7.8
5.3
10.8
11.3
0.4
5.2
3.8
7.8
3.5
6.5
4.2
5.4
2.5
8.2
7.0
7.6
4.5
5.3
5.2
4.6
5.8
18
2.0
11.9
3.9
2.8
6.5
0.3
7.9
8.1
9.0
7.4
6.5
2.9
10.9
13.1
1.4
3.7
6.4
8.6
4.6
5.3
4.4
7.0
1.2
10.9
8.5
7.8
3.2
4.4
5.0
5.0
6.6
19
3.0
11.3
5.9
4.0
5.7
0.7
8.8
8.4
10.2
6.7
6.6
0.9
10.0
10.6
2.8
4.1
7.9
7.4
4.8
6.4
5.0
7.0
2.5
11.5
10.3
8.2
2.2
3.9
3.4
4.6
6.7
20
3.8
11.0
6.8
5.0
6.5
2.7
10.1
9.0
9.4
8.0
7.2
2.1
8.5
7.9
4.9
5.9
6.1
8.0
4.7
5.5
3.7
5.5
5.7
10.6
11.0
8.2
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.1
7.0
21
5.4
10.6
3.9
5.3
5.4
2.3
10.3
8.8
8.9
7.9
5.9
1.0
7.6
6.4
4.4
4.3
6.5
6.7
3.8
6.3
5.2
4.6
5.7
11.1
9.2
9.1
5.6
4.0
3.4
2.7
7.1
22
4.7
9.5
4.3
4.0
4.8
2.7
10.7
7.9
10.0
8.1
5.1
1.9
8.0
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.8
6.9
2.9
7.1
5.8
6.4
4.5
9.0
6.8
7.8
6.9
5.5
2.1
2.8
6.9
23 Mean
4.3
4.2
6.8
6.9
5.0
4.8
5.8
5.1
5.5
6.0
4.4
4.2
11.9
5.2
8.8
8.5
10.8
7.9
7.2
11.9
5.2
8.1
0.9
5.8
9.8
6.5
4.5
8.2
2.6
3.4
4.8
6.0
4.0
5.7
7.7
8.4
2.4
5.7
6.0
5.9
3.6
4.7
4.3
5.1
4.4
6.5
7.9
9.2
4.7
5.3
10.5
6.6
5.6
8.6
5.1
7.0
2.0
3.7
2.4
3.6
7.2
5.6
6
7
8
9
4.3 3.9 4.0 3.2
3.7 3.6 4.3 4.5
5.1 5.8 6.3 7.3
7.2 5.1 5.1 5.7
7.5 7.5 7.0 5.9
6.0 4.1 5.9 5.0
4.9 4.7 3.7 3.5
2.4 2.3 1.8 1.9
6.4 3.3 3.6 4.9
5.7 5.2 5.3 5.6
6.4 5.9 6.5 6.6
9.1 10.3 10.6 11.7
5.7 5.5 5.6 7.3
6.7 5.2 3.9 4.4
7.7 9.2 9.4 10.2
5.1 4.4 4.5 4.2
5.2 5.2 5.4 4.8
6.1 6.1 5.9 5.3
5.9 5.4 5.3 4.5
6.1 6.6 8.6 9.0
7.9 6.9 5.6 5.0
7.4 6.7 6.8 6.8
6.9 5.2 4.9 6.4
10.7 11.4 11.4 11.2
4.7 5.0 4.6 4.2
5.4 5.9 6.2 6.6
7.3 7.2 6.8 7.5
6.2 6.1 7.1 6.2
5.6 5.4 5.7 6.5
5.1 5.9 5.3 4.6
10
3.6
4.2
6.6
6.6
6.0
6.8
2.7
1.4
5.2
7.9
6.7
11.3
9.0
4.6
9.2
5.7
5.3
5.9
4.6
8.4
6.2
5.5
8.1
10.5
4.3
7.1
6.4
5.4
6.0
3.7
11
3.6
4.8
6.9
5.0
5.4
9.7
3.1
2.1
6.4
10.4
6.0
12.6
8.7
5.0
9.5
6.3
5.4
5.8
5.3
7.8
7.5
5.8
8.0
8.8
5.8
8.0
5.4
5.6
6.0
4.6
12
5.0
5.0
8.0
7.7
5.1
10.3
2.5
2.6
10.1
12.5
6.3
13.5
8.1
4.0
10.2
7.4
6.1
5.5
6.8
8.3
9.2
5.4
8.2
6.4
6.9
9.5
6.4
5.4
5.2
4.9
13
4.0
5.2
5.6
8.3
6.1
10.7
2.1
2.6
11.4
12.4
6.5
13.1
8.4
2.6
9.3
8.7
7.6
5.3
9.0
7.8
10.1
5.4
8.6
5.5
7.8
9.9
9.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
14
3.9
2.9
6.9
8.6
6.0
10.3
2.1
2.6
11.4
12.9
6.9
12.1
8.0
2.6
10.0
9.9
8.2
5.3
8.6
6.8
9.1
3.9
7.9
4.8
7.7
10.8
9.6
5.0
4.9
3.8
15
1.9
1.3
7.7
8.6
5.0
9.7
2.7
2.0
11.0
13.8
6.9
10.2
7.8
3.1
9.2
10.1
7.8
7.0
8.7
6.7
7.8
2.9
7.0
4.8
6.5
10.3
9.5
4.4
4.4
3.6
16
1.0
17
1.6
18
2.3
7.3
8.3
3.9
9.3
2.0
1.8
9.6
12.1
6.3
9.0
7.9
4.0
8.4
9.1
7.5
6.1
7.2
5.1
6.1
4.6
6.5
5.1
6.5
10.0
8.6
5.2
5.0
4.4
5.9
6.3
1.6
8.1
2.0
3.3
7.4
8.1
5.1
8.7
7.3
4.9
9.9
8.8
5.5
4.2
5.4
3.8
6.0
8.0
5.3
4.3
6.2
9.0
7.0
5.8
5.5
4.0
4.8
5.8
0.4
6.5
2.7
6.5
5.2
5.3
4.8
7.4
7.3
4.8
9.6
7.0
3.6
2.9
6.7
4.8
6.6
8.4
3.9
5.5
5.5
8.1
6.1
5.5
6.1
3.5
19
4.3
2.1
7.0
7.4
2.2
6.1
5.2
8.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
8.1
6.2
5.8
9.6
4.9
3.6
2.0
7.2
6.8
5.2
8.0
3.1
6.9
5.5
8.2
4.8
6.1
5.9
3.8
20
4.0
1.8
8.0
8.3
1.9
5.4
7.6
9.4
6.8
7.5
5.7
8.9
5.8
6.7
9.6
4.1
5.9
3.0
7.7
7.6
6.9
8.9
3.2
5.8
5.3
7.8
7.0
5.8
4.8
4.8
21
3.5
1.4
7.4
8.8
1.7
4.9
8.5
8.8
7.0
7.0
6.7
10.2
6.5
6.8
9.7
3.6
5.3
3.5
6.5
7.4
5.9
10.6
4.0
3.4
4.6
7.3
8.3
6.2
6.0
4.5
22
3.4
4.2
5.8
8.2
3.9
4.8
8.7
9.3
7.2
7.0
7.2
10.3
5.9
7.8
7.4
3.5
5.9
4.0
6.0
8.4
5.1
9.1
5.6
2.9
4.3
7.8
8.0
6.8
6.3
5.1
23 Mean
3.1
4.2
5.5
4.0
5.8
6.2
7.8
6.9
5.4
5.4
6.1
7.0
8.2
4.6
9.3
4.4
8.0
7.5
7.8
7.9
6.3
6.4
9.2
9.6
7.2
7.0
7.3
5.4
6.8
8.6
4.9
5.9
6.9
5.8
4.1
5.4
6.0
6.3
6.3
6.6
4.6
6.6
9.2
6.8
6.5
6.8
2.9
7.4
4.6
5.1
7.4
7.6
6.9
6.9
6.3
6.0
6.5
5.6
4.1
4.9
10
4.1
3.3
7.5
4.6
6.7
5.5
5.4
4.7
5.9
4.5
8.8
4.8
9.7
6.6
7.0
6.4
7.1
3.7
7.0
3.6
5.4
5.9
7.0
7.1
3.6
9.3
8.7
5.0
4.0
5.5
7.1
11
3.1
3.0
7.0
5.2
7.5
7.0
6.6
5.4
7.2
4.3
9.8
5.7
12.1
7.6
7.0
7.4
8.8
4.5
8.1
4.6
4.7
7.5
5.4
7.0
3.8
9.8
8.7
6.3
3.9
5.4
6.7
12
2.9
4.3
7.2
4.1
7.1
8.1
7.6
5.6
7.2
5.0
12.0
5.2
11.3
6.9
7.2
7.7
9.2
6.2
7.9
3.1
4.0
9.9
5.5
7.6
4.0
9.5
9.9
7.9
3.6
4.1
7.5
13
2.5
4.2
8.2
4.6
7.6
7.7
7.6
5.1
8.3
6.0
11.9
4.8
11.5
7.7
7.3
8.7
9.3
6.4
7.9
3.3
3.9
11.1
6.3
6.4
4.1
9.9
10.2
6.7
3.7
4.1
9.3
14
2.2
4.1
9.1
6.0
8.1
8.4
6.7
5.1
8.8
5.9
11.8
4.5
11.3
7.0
7.6
8.6
10.8
8.2
6.3
5.0
4.8
12.1
5.1
6.6
4.2
10.4
10.4
6.2
4.5
3.1
8.2
15
2.3
3.9
10.4
5.6
8.0
7.9
6.1
4.7
8.3
6.5
10.3
5.1
10.3
5.3
7.5
8.6
11.5
7.8
5.9
4.4
4.8
10.7
5.3
6.6
5.0
9.4
10.6
6.2
5.4
2.4
8.3
16
2.9
3.6
9.0
3.9
7.2
7.3
6.3
3.9
7.7
7.5
8.4
5.0
8.0
5.6
6.7
6.9
10.1
7.0
5.4
4.3
5.6
9.8
4.0
4.3
4.1
9.1
10.3
6.2
4.9
1.6
5.8
17
3.1
3.9
8.0
5.3
6.6
7.4
7.0
4.4
6.8
9.0
6.6
5.3
5.9
6.3
4.8
6.5
9.8
6.4
5.1
4.6
5.1
7.7
4.7
2.3
3.9
7.8
7.4
5.5
4.2
4.6
5.6
18
3.1
3.6
7.3
7.1
5.6
7.4
6.2
6.8
5.4
9.3
6.0
6.8
5.0
6.4
5.3
5.4
9.8
6.0
6.1
5.0
5.1
6.4
7.1
2.8
3.1
7.1
7.5
5.3
4.4
5.3
4.8
19
3.6
4.0
6.8
8.5
7.2
6.9
5.8
5.9
4.2
10.8
5.6
8.1
5.6
7.3
5.7
5.6
8.6
6.5
6.8
3.9
6.4
5.2
7.1
4.3
3.9
6.5
7.9
4.9
4.2
7.3
6.3
20
4.4
5.2
4.8
9.2
7.1
6.3
5.3
7.3
4.7
10.9
5.5
6.7
5.6
6.4
5.7
6.0
9.3
6.5
6.9
4.6
8.0
5.0
7.3
5.0
4.6
6.5
8.7
4.1
5.3
7.8
6.2
21
3.0
5.6
5.2
9.2
6.2
7.0
6.0
8.6
4.4
10.9
6.1
6.3
4.9
8.6
5.1
6.5
8.6
6.4
6.4
4.8
7.7
4.8
6.1
6.3
5.0
6.6
8.3
3.6
4.7
7.6
6.4
22
4.5
6.6
4.2
8.6
4.8
6.7
6.2
8.0
5.8
7.5
5.7
6.9
6.2
8.4
5.1
5.6
7.6
6.0
6.0
3.5
6.8
4.8
6.4
4.9
5.9
6.3
7.7
5.0
4.6
7.6
7.6
23 Mean
6.4
3.7
6.4
4.6
4.6
6.8
9.7
6.0
4.1
7.0
5.8
6.3
5.4
6.5
5.6
5.9
6.1
6.6
6.2
5.9
5.0
7.7
6.9
5.4
5.3
7.8
8.2
6.8
5.5
6.6
5.5
6.4
8.3
7.9
5.4
5.7
5.3
6.7
4.7
4.3
6.1
5.4
5.2
7.7
7.8
6.3
3.2
6.0
5.7
4.8
7.3
7.8
7.4
8.4
5.1
6.0
4.1
4.7
6.9
5.2
8.2
7.2
Decem ber
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
3
5.4
2.7
5.8
4.1
5.9
6.3
6.0
10.4
4.8
10.3
7.9
4.8
2.6
4.4
3.7
3.2
6.5
6.9
6.1
5.1
4.8
3.3
8.3
9.2
6.4
5.4
8.8
4.2
4.5
3.3
3.0
3
7.2
4.9
4.3
6.8
7.5
5.8
5.3
3.8
7.9
8.1
6.2
7.3
5.4
6.2
7.5
4.4
5.7
6.5
5.4
4.5
7.5
7.4
9.4
10.2
4.3
6.9
3.7
7.1
5.5
7.1
4
5
7.1 5.3
4.8 4.1
4.2 4.8
5.5 5.6
8.2 7.6
6.2 8.0
4.5 5.0
3.9 3.3
6.7 6.1
7.8 6.7
7.0 7.3
8.1 8.2
5.3 5.4
7.0 6.7
6.5 6.1
4.9 4.6
6.7 6.0
6.1 6.6
5.3 6.0
4.2 5.7
7.8 7.5
6.5 7.3
10.2 10.2
10.3 10.9
4.3 4.1
6.5 5.1
6.4 7.2
6.7 6.9
6.0 6.0
6.6 6.1
3
3.6
3.9
5.8
6.4
6.7
5.0
6.7
5.2
7.6
3.4
5.5
5.2
8.1
6.5
5.9
6.3
6.1
5.0
6.9
3.6
4.9
9.0
5.3
7.0
5.8
7.2
6.9
6.5
5.4
5.4
6.4
4
3.5
3.7
7.4
5.9
8.0
4.7
6.8
5.4
6.0
3.6
5.2
5.3
7.8
6.6
7.9
6.0
6.1
5.6
7.6
3.7
5.2
8.5
5.1
7.1
5.7
7.2
8.2
7.8
6.0
4.7
7.5
5
4.5
3.9
6.7
4.9
7.2
5.5
7.2
6.7
6.7
3.6
6.6
4.6
8.9
6.0
6.9
6.6
5.8
3.8
7.2
3.7
4.1
8.3
4.9
7.2
5.6
6.8
8.3
8.0
5.3
5.0
9.7
6
4.5
3.9
6.3
4.6
6.8
5.5
7.7
6.8
6.7
3.6
8.6
4.3
7.6
6.2
6.4
5.8
5.8
3.8
7.4
3.5
3.8
8.2
7.5
7.2
5.6
7.1
7.9
7.6
5.9
5.5
9.0
7
5.6
3.9
5.8
4.9
7.7
5.8
8.1
6.9
8.3
3.1
9.1
4.4
8.3
6.5
6.0
5.1
6.7
3.7
7.3
5.5
4.2
7.6
7.7
7.1
5.9
7.0
7.6
7.5
5.1
5.4
7.9
8
5.1
4.9
6.8
4.5
7.5
5.8
7.1
5.8
8.1
2.6
8.7
5.5
6.4
7.2
7.0
5.8
6.4
3.4
7.8
6.0
5.0
7.4
8.3
6.6
4.6
7.8
8.4
7.0
5.2
5.9
7.7
9
4.7
4.2
7.5
4.5
6.2
4.9
5.9
5.3
6.7
3.2
7.9
4.5
6.8
7.0
7.2
6.1
6.3
4.7
7.2
3.9
5.4
6.4
8.4
7.7
3.9
9.2
7.6
5.9
3.8
6.4
7.1
20000
25000
El. Energy (kWh)
February
25000
15000
10000
5000
0
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Day
Day
March
April
30000
35000
25000
30000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Day
May
Day
June
20000
25000
15000
10000
5000
0
15000
10000
5000
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Day
July
Day
August
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
15000
10000
5000
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Day
October
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Day
December
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
3
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Day
25000
El. Energy (kWh)
25000
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Day
November
30000
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Day
September
20000
El. Energy (kWh)
12000
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Day
January
NW
NNW
February
NW
NNE
NNW
NNE
NE
WNW
NE
WNW
ENE
ENE
ESE WSW
WSW
SW
ESE
SE
SSW
SW
SE
SSE
SSW
March
NW
NNW
SSE
April
NNE
NNW
NE
WNW
NW
NNE
ENE
NE
WNW
W
ENE
ESE
WSW
SW
WSW
SE
SSW
ESE
SW
SSE
SSW
May
SSE
SE
June
NNE
NW
NNW
NE
NNW
NNE
NW
NE
ENE WNW
WNW
WSW
SE
SSW
WSW
ESE
SW
ENE
ESE
SW
SSE
SE
SSW
SSE
S
July
NNW
August
NNE
NW
NNW
NNE
NW
NE
NE
WNW
ENE
WNW
WSW
ESE
SW
ENE
SE
SSW
NNW
WSW
ESE
SW
SSE
SE
SSW
SSE
September
October
NW
NNE
NW
NNW
NNE
NE
WNW
NE
ENE
WNW
ENE
WE
WSW
E
ESE
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
SSW
SSE
SW
SE
SSW
SSE
WNW
ENE
WNW
ENE
WE
WSW
E
ESE
WSW
ESE
SW
SE
SSW
SW
SSE
SE
SSW
November
NNW
December
NNE
NW
NNW
NE
WNW
E
ESE
WSW
SW
E
ESE
WSW
SW
SSE
SE
SSW
SSE
Tim e
Best direction
NW
NW
February
WNW
March
NW
April
ENE
May
S
June
S
July
S
August
Septem ber ESE
NW
October
Novem ber WNW
Decem ber W
January
NE
ENE
Energy
Month
NNE
WNW
SE
S
NW
ENE
SSW
SSE
21.7%
22.8%
22.6%
26.7%
11.1%
10.0%
15.3%
21.7%
18.2%
23.7%
19.5%
27.1%
Best direction
W
W
NW
NNW
NW
E
ENE
WNW
E
WNW
WSW
WSW
W
W
W
W
NNE
E
ESE
S
ESE
WSW
WSW
W
21.1%
17.0%
21.5%
14.2%
9.0%
8.9%
10.5%
15.9%
16.3%
17.2%
17.3%
22.7%
30.2%
24.5%
14.1%
13.7%
9.2%
9.8%
10.7%
12.8%
14.9%
24.5%
23.4%
37.2%
WSW
WSW
WSW
WSW
NE
ESE
E
WNW
E
W
W
WSW
18.3%
19.6%
13.1%
13.7%
8.4%
9.5%
10.0%
8.5%
13.3%
20.3%
22.3%
26.7%
12
Wind speed (m/s)
February
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10
Hour
March
Wind speed (m/s)
10
8
6
4
2
22
8
6
4
2
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10
14
16
18
20
22
June
12
12
Hour
May
10
8
6
4
2
12
Wind speed (m/s)
20
10
Hour
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10
Hour
12
14
16
18
20
22
Hour
July
August
12
10
8
6
4
2
12
Wind speed (m/s)
18
0
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10
Hour
14
16
18
20
22
October
12
12
Hour
September
10
8
6
4
2
12
Wind speed (m/s)
16
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Hour
12
14
16
18
20
22
December
12
10
Hour
November
10
8
6
4
2
0
12
Wind speed (m/s)
14
April
12
12
Hour
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
Hour
14
16
18
20
22
10
12
Hour
14
16
18
20
22