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Phn tch d n
t cc quan im khc nhau & gii thiu chi ph vn
Ng Thanh Tr
Ni dung
Phn loi cc quan im thm nh Xt v d Phn bit mt s khi nim Phn tch DA trn quan im ti chnh Gii thiu sut chit khu & chi ph vn Nguyn tc chit khu ngn lu
Subsidy
Tax
Equity
DEBT Enterprise
Phn loi cc quan im thm nh Theo phn tch ti chnh, kinh t, phn phi thu nhp hay x hi. Theo quan im ca cc c nhn hay t chc: ch u t, nh cung ng NVL, ngi dn, ngn hng, Chnh ph, c quc gia. m bo c ph chun v thc hin thnh cng, DA phi hp dn nh u t v c nhng ngi thc hin c lin quan.
Xt v d
Hy xt mt d n xy dng cu c thu ph.
Xt v d
Quan im ti chnh: Dng thu ca nh u t t DA l s tin thu ph thc t. Dng thu ca ch n l li vay v n gc. Dng thu ca ngn sch Chnh quyn l thu. Quan im kinh t: Nh c cu mi, ngi dn tit kim c thi gian i li, pht trin ngnh du lch hay kinh t a phng Tt c c th quy thnh tin l dng thu ca DA.
Quan im phn phi thu nhp: Ai c, ai mt t DA ny: C quan ngn sch NN, ngi li qua sng, cng nhn xy cu cng ty qun l ph?
Bi ging ny ch yu phn tch trn quan im ti chnh
xem xt).
Ngi nng dn c g v mt g trong 2 trng hp: (i) C so vi Khng c d n? (ii) Trc so vi Sau d n?
1 2 3 4
Nam Ngan lu ca d an Ngan lu vay va tra n Ngan lu chu s hu Lai suat tien vay
2 Ch u t (B)
Ch u t quan tm n dng ngn lu th ba, bao gm: (i) Thu nhp rng tng thm ca DA (so vi khi khng c DA) (ii) Vn vay ngn hng nh l khon thu tin mt (iii) Tin tr li vay v n gc nh l khon chi tin mt
B = A + Vn vay Tr li v n vay
Ch s hu
NPV 0
NPV < 0
C = Thu, ph Tr cp, tr gi
10
K hiu: rd
Ngn lu ca d n l tng ca ngn lu thuc v ch s hu v ngn lu thuc v ch n. Do vy, chi ph vn ca d n l gi tr bnh qun trng s ca chi ph vn ch s hu v chi ph n vay.
K hiu: WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) - Chi ph s dng vn bnh qun trng s
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(1) dng khi DA khng c thu TNDN hoc c thu TNDN nhng tnh n li ch l chn thu ca li vay trong ngn lu rng ca DA. Khi c thu thu nhp DN: WACC = re*E/(D+E) + rd*D/(D+E)*(1 t%) = re*%E + rd*%D*(1 t%) (2)
(2) dng khi DA c thu TNDN nhng cha tnh n li ch l chn thu ca li vay trong ngn lu rng ca DA. re - chi ph vn ch s hu; E - gi tr vn ch s hu; rd - chi ph n vay D - gi tr n vay tC - thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip
V d
Trong bo co ngn lu trn, sut sinh li ca vn ch s hu re l 28%, li sut tin vay rd l 8%, t trng n vay 40%, t trng vn ch s hu 60%. Chi ph s dng vn bnh qun gia quyn s c tnh theo cng thc nh sau: WACC = re*E/(D+E) + rd*D/(D+E) = re * %E + rd*%D = %6028% + 40%8% = 20%
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Tng kt
Quan im Doanh thu Tr cp Gi tr thanh l CP u t CP hot ng CP c hi Vay, tr n vay Tr li vay Thu Sut chit khu Ngn hng (Tng u t) Ch u t Ngn sch NN
+ + + -
+ + + +,-,+ + + Reco -
WACC
Re
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