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Testing and Commissioning of Current Transformer

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Technical Articles Home / Technical Articles / Testing and Commissioning of Current Transformer

T esting and Commissioning of Current T ransf ormer (on photo two current transf ormers in MV cubicle; by alcatelmacedonia @ Flickr)

Content
1. Objective 2. Test Equipment Required

2. Test Equipment Required 3. Test procedures 1. Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection 2. Insulation Resistance Test 3. Polarity Test 4. Secondary/Loop Resistance Test 5. Burden Test (optional test) 6. Magnetization Curve Test (optional test) 7. Turns Ratio Test (optional test) 8. Primary Injection Test 9. High Voltage Test 10. Commisioning Test 4. Applicable Standards 5. Live VIDEO CT Testing (6 Testings)

1. Objective
To confirm the physical condition and electrical characteristics of current transformer installed in the installation. Ensure the CT is connected to system properly in all respect (primary and secondary).

2. T est Equipment Required

Required equipment for testing: 1. Insulation tester 2. Polarity tester 3. Digital low ohmmeter 4. Current source, multimeter 5. Variac, step-up transformer (0-2kv) 6. Primary current injection set Go to Content

3. T est Procedures 3.1. Mechanical Check and Visual Inspection

1. Verify nameplate ratings are in accordance with the approved drawings and specifications. 2. Inspect for physical damage/ defects and mechanical condition. 3. Verify correct connection of transformers with system requirements. 4. Verify that adequate clearances exist between primary and secondary circuit wiring. 5. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method. 6. Verify that all required grounding and shorting connection provided. 7. Verify all shorting blocks are in correct position, either grounding or open as required. 8. Verify single point grounding of eachcore done properly. Grounding point shall be nearer to the CT location. However grounding shall be at relay point in case of several CT secondaries connected together like differential protection. Go to Content

3.2. Insulation Resistance T est

The voltage shall be applied between: 1. Primary to secondary plus ground (covered during switchgear test). 2. Secondary to primary plus ground. 3. Secondary core to core. Test voltage limits mentioned in table below. The ambient temperature shall be noted down during test. Table Test Voltage Limits Rated voltage 100-1000V AC/DC >1000 to 5000V Test voltage 1000V DC 5000V DC

Go to Content

3.3. Polarity T est

Polarity test is to confirm the polarity marking on the CT primary and secondary and verify it is matching with drawing. More ever it is giving an idea, how to connect the secondaries to make the protection (like directional, differential) and metering function properly. Isolate CT secondary from the load and make circuit connection as shown in Figure 1. Close and open the battery switch connected on the primary. Observe the pointer is moving +ve direction, while closing and ve direction while opening for correct polarity. Go to Content

3.4. Secondary / Loop Resistance T est (optional test)

Secondary resistance test is to verify the CT secondary winding resistance with specified one and no discontinuity in the winding. This value can be used in other calculations. Loop resistance to ensure load is connected properly and circuits not left open. The circuit connection shall be made as shown Figure 2 for secondary resistance. Measure the dcresistance value and record. The same shall be done for all taps and cores. These values are influenced by temperature, so ambient temperature must be recorded during this test. The circuit connection shall be made as shown Figure 2 for loop resistance.

Figure 1 - CT Polarity T est

Measure the dc resistance including CT and load, phase by phase and values can be compared between them. Limits: The value must be with in specified on nameplate after the effect of temperature taken in to account. If not factory test results shall be taken as reference.

Notes: Ohmmeter connection for CT resistance excluding burden. Ohmmeter connection for CT loop resistance including burden. Go to Content

Figure 2 - CT resistance / Loop Resistance T est

3.5 Burden T est (optional test)

Burden test is to ensure the connected burden to CT is with in the rated burden, identified on the nameplate. Injected the rated secondary current of the CT, from CT terminals towards load side by isolating the CT secondary with all connected load and observe the voltage drop across the injection points. The burden VA can be calculated as Burden VA = Voltage drop x rated CT sec. Current. Limits: The calculated burden should be less than rates CT burden. Note: Ammeter selector switch should be at respective phase during test. High impedance relays shall be shorted during the test. Go to Content

3.6. Magnetization Curve T est (optional test)

Magnetization Curve test is to confirm the magnetisation characteristics of CT with nameplate specification.

This test shall be conducted before ratio test and after secondary resistance and polarity test, since residual magnetism left in the core due to DC test (polarity, resistance), which leads additional error in ratio test. The meters used for this test shall be having true RMS measurement. The circuit connection shall be made as shown Figure 3. The primary should be open during test. Demagnetisation Before start the test demagnetise the core by Inject voltage on secondary terminals and increase up to where considerable increment in current with small voltage increment. Now start decreasing the voltage to zero, the rate at which increased. Magnetisation test Now increase the voltage and monitor the excitation current up to the CT reaching near to saturation point. Record the reading of voltage and current at several points. Plot the curve and evaluate the Vk and Img from the graph.

Limits: Class X CT: The obtained Vk should be greater than specified one; mag current should be less than specified one. Prot ect ion class CT: The secondary limiting voltage can be calculated as follow: Vslv = Is * ALF (Rct + (VA/Is*Is)) Where: Is rated secondary current Rct CT secondary resistance VA rated CT burden ALF Accuracy limit factor The mag current (Img) drawn at Vslv can be obtained from graph. The following criteria should be satisfied. Img < accuracy class * ALF * Is Metering Class CT: Accuracy can be ensured as follow:

Img at Vs (= 1.2 * VA / Is) should be less than (accuracy class * Is) And instrument security factor to be verified. Go to Content

3.7. T urns ratio T ests (optional test)

This test is to ensure the turns ratio of CT at all taps. The circuit connection shall be made as shown Figure 4. The primary current of minimum of 25% rated primary Figure 3 - Magnetisation T est current to be injected on primary side of CT with secondaries shorted and the secondary current can be measured and recorded for all cores. Limits: The obtained turns ratio should match with rated nameplate ratio. Go to Content

3.8. Primary Injection T est

This test is to ensure the CT circuits are properly connected with respected cores and there is no mix up in the circuit (phase identification). The circuit connections shall be made as shown in Figure 4. Single point grounding shall be verified for CT circuits, before starting this test. Inject 25% of rated primary current between one phase and earth with all connected burden. Measure secondary current at all points of CT circuits. It shall be done for other phases. Core identification: When one CT is having several cores used for different purposes. The cores can be identified during primary injection test by shorting the one of the core at CT terminal itself and check there

during primary injection test by shorting the one of the core at CT terminal itself and check there isno current only at relevant load. The same can be verified for other cores. Inject 25% of rated primary current between phase to phase with all connected burden. Measure secondary current at all points of CT circuits. It shall be done for other phases. Limits: Secondary current should only be observed at respective phase and neutral leads during Phase to earth injection. Secondary current should only be observed at respective phases and no current on neutral during Phase to phase injection. Go to Content

3.9. High Voltage T est

This test is included with switchgear high voltage. Objective of HV test is to determine the equipment is in propercondition to put in

service, after installation for which it was designed and to give some basis for predicting whether or not that a healthy condition will remain or if deterioration is underway which can result in abnormally short life. Test Instruments Required for HV Test Calibrated AC hi-pot test set for switchgear with leakage current indicator and overload protection. Calibrated DC hi-pot test set for cables with leakage current indicator and overload protection. Go to Content

Figure 4 - Primary injection / Ratio test

3.10. Commisioning T est

After commissioning, secondary current measurement shall be carried out in CT circuits. Phase

angle check shall be done for correct direction. Go to Content

4. Applicable Standards
IEC 60044-1: Instrument transformers current transformer. IEC 60694: common specifications for HV switchgear. Go to Content

5. Live VIDEO CT T esting (6 T estings) 1. CT T ests Ratio and Polarity

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2. CT T ests Burden Secondary Side

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3. CT T ests Excitation Curve

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4. CT T ests Winding or Burden Resistance

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5. CT T ests Voltage Withstand T est

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6. CT T ests Polarity By Pulses

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Resource: Testing and Commissioning of Electrical Equipment Schneider Electric Service Dpt.

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