ELECTRONIC DICE.

1.1Dice A dice is a small throwable object with multiple resting positions, used for generating random number. This makes dice suitable as gambling devices for games like craps, or for use in non-gambling tabletop games. A traditional die is an often rounded cube, with each of its six faces showing a different number. The design as a whole is aimed at the die providing a randomly determined integer from one to six, each of those values being equally likely. A variety of similar devices are also described as dice; such specialized dice may have polyhedral or irregular shapes and may have faces marked with symbols instead of numbers. They may be used to produce results other than one through six. Loaded and crooked dice are designed to favor some results over others for purposes of cheating or amusement.

1.2Digital Dice Digital dice is a device that displays, in random, the numbers from 1 to 9 on the 7 segment display. This is an alternative device that can be used to replace the traditional dice when you are playing games such as snake ladder, monopoly etc.

ICs 1* NE555 1* 4017B -

DIODES 6* 1N4148 7* LED -

TRANSISTORS RESISTORS CAPACITORS 4* BC109 7* 1K 5* 10K 2* 2.2K 1* 100K 1* 22uF 1* 0.01uF -

OTHER 1* NO push switch -

The objective of the circuit is to build an electronic dice based on the functions of a 555 timer integrated circuit that operates in the astable mode. LM555 a highly stable device for generating accurate oscillation or time delays with additional terminals provided for resetting or triggering, used in linear ramp generator, pulse position and width modulation, time delay & pulse generation, sequential &precision; timing, with features such as adjustable duty cycle, temperature stability,TTL compatible output, availability in 9pin MSOP package, timing from microseconds, and operates in both astable & monostable modes 4017 a decade counter where the count advances as the clock input becomes high that may be combined with diodes for some functions such as flash sequences BC550 an NPN general purpose transistor with low current and low voltage used for low noise stages in audio frequency equipment The 555 IC is a highly stable device for generating oscillation or accurate time delays used in pulse width/position modulation, sequential timing, time delay generation, linear ramp generator, precision timing, and pulse generation due to its features such as normally open and normally off output, temperature stability, output and supply TTL compatible, adjustable duty cycle, and operates in both a stable and monostable mode. The a stable mode produces a continuous square wave or rectangular pulses as with an oscillator. In this circuit, the clock pulses are fed to the IC2 through the 10K Ohms resistor. A 10 stage counter is the main function of IC2 where the RESET at pin 15 is connected to the output 6 at pin 5 which gives a 6 stage counter where the output if from 0 to 5. Three pairs were formed from six of the LEDs which will require 4 different signals coming from the 4 transistors. The transistors are connected to the essential outputs of the IC2. To prevent short circuits to occur between outputs, diodes are being used when a transistor is operated from more than one output. The INHIBIT at pin 13 of IC2 is connected to the positive emitter voltage through a 100K Ohms resistor which stops the counter from advancing. Pin 13 will only connect to 0 V line when the START button S1 is pressed since it is an open push switch. This will allow the counter to advance and will signify the throwing of the dice. The supply of the circuit may come from a 9 V battery source or from an external supply from 9 V to 12 V.

Comparator 1 has a threshold input (pin 6) and a control input (pin 5). In most applications, the control input is not used, so that the control voltage equals +2/3 VCC. Output of this comparator is applied to set (S) input of the flip-flop. Whenever the threshold voltage exceeds the control voltage, comparator 1 will set the flip-flop and its output is high. A high output from the flip-flop saturates the discharge transistor and discharge the capacitor connected externally to pin 7. The complementary signal out of the flip-flop goes to pin 3, the output. The output available at pin 3 is low. These conditions will prevail until comparator 2 triggers the flip-flop. Even if the voltage at the threshold input falls below 2/3 VCC, that is comparator 1 cannot cause the flip-flop to change again. It means that the comparator 1 can only force the flip-flops output high. To change the output of flip-flop to low, the voltage at the trigger input must fall below + 1/3 Vcc. When this occurs, comparator 2 triggers the flip-flop, forcing its output low. The low output from the flip-flop turns the discharge transistor off and forces the power amplifier to output a high. These conditions will continue independent of the voltage on the trigger input. Comparator 2 can only cause the flip-flop to output low. From the above discussion it is concluded that for the having low output from the timer 555, the voltage on the threshold input must exceed the control voltage or + 2/3 VCC. They also turn the discharge transistor on. To force the output from the timer high, the voltage on the trigger input must drop below +1/3 VCC. This also turns the discharge transistor off. A voltage may be applied to the control input to change the levels at which the switching occurs. When not in use, a 0.01 nano Farad capacitor should be connected between pin 5 and ground to prevent noise coupled onto this pin from causing false triggering. Connecting the reset (pin 4) to a logic low will place a high on the output of flip-flop. The discharge transistor will go on and the power amplifier will output a low. This condition will continue until reset is taken high. This allows synchronization or resetting of the circuits operation. When not in use, reset should be tied to +VCC.

The 4017B is an integrated circuit which has been designed to count pulses. It has 16 pins and looks like any oth integrated circuit. They can be used in timing circuits and are often used to switch on and off LEDs or motors or other circuits. They are versatile and relatively simple to put together. Counters such as the 4017B are cheap and yet surprisingly useful. The 4017B is most useful when combined with a timer such as a 555 based circuit. The pulse from the 555 timer can be used to activate the 4017B circuit. A good example is seen below. A 555 a stable circuit is used to pulse the 4017B at regular intervals. The pulse from the 555 IC is generated from pin 3. In the circuit seen below, pin 3 of the 555 IC feeds into pin 14 of the 4017B (called clock in). When this occurs pin A of the 4017B emits current, lighting its LED. The next pulse from the 555 IC results in pin B of the 4018B IC emitting current and lighting its LED.