MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION Faculty of Engineering

COURSE CODE LEVEL / SEMESTER COURSE TITLE ACADEMIC YEAR DATE TIME DURATION MAXIMUM MARK : : : : : : : :
CHEM4012 4/2 Industrial Wastewater & Solid Waste Management 2011-2012 Tuseday 10th April 2012 10:00 2 Hours 100 Ahmed J. Ali Al-Dallal

COURSE COORDINATOR :

STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID GROUP NO

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This question paper consists of 5 pages only. Answer ALL questions. Write your ID, NAME and GROUP NUMBER clearly on all of your answer books. Follow all examination rules. Do not bring books or other related materials into the examination room.

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Question 1:

[30 marks]

A wastewater facility is currently treating municipal wastewater using a conventional activated-sludge system. The sedimentation tank used at the facility receives 3030 m3/d of wastewater. The mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration in the aeration basin is maintained at 2800 g/m3. The solid flux plot is given in Figure Q1. Estimate: i) underflow velocity (Ub) in m/h, [4 marks] ii) limiting solids flux (SFL) in g/m2.h, [4 marks] iii) maximum underflow solids concentration by ordinary and useful version methods, in g/m3, [8 marks] iv) sedimentation tank area required for clarification in m2 and [8 marks] v) sedimentation tank area required for thickening in m2. [6 marks]
15000 14000 13000 12000 11000 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Solid Flux (g/m2.h)

SFt

SFu SFg

Solid Concentration (g/m3) Figure Q1: Solid flux plot. Question 2: [30 marks]

A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) requires an equalization basin to provide a more consistent flow and reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD) variation. An equalization basin allows storage of wastewater when the inflow is above average and provides additional wastewater flow to the treatment plan when inflow is below average. Over a days time, the volume of wastewater stored in the equalization basin should fluctuate between zero and a maximum value at peak flow to the system. Table Q2, gives the average variation in flow over 24 hours. Determine the volume required for an equalization basin in m3 to provide uniform flow equal to the average daily flow to downstream processes. Assume 25% excess capacity in the basin to allow for equipment failure, unexpected flow variations, and solids accumulation.

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Table Q2: Average flowrate during time period.

Time Period (h) 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 Flow (m3/s) 0.120 0.112 0.090 0.089 0.093 0.129 0.181 0.260 0.332 0.393 0.478 0.449 Time Period (h) 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 Flow (m3/s) 0.414 0.416 0.423 0.380 0.332 0.391 0.464 0.468 0.445 0.340 0.312 0.204

Question 3:

[10 marks]

Two hundred mL of a river water was collected from just below a certain chemical plant. Two mL of river water diluted to 250 mL, aerated and incubated. The dissolved oxygen content was 7.6 mg/L initially. After 5 days, the dissolved oxygen content had dropped to 5.7 mg/L. A second sample was obtained 60 days later and retested in identical fashion. The initial dissolved oxygen was 7.5 mg/L and, after 5 days, dropped to 5.3 mg/L. The first order reaction constant is equal to 0.23 d -1. i) What is the ultimate biological oxygen demand for each sample in mg/L? [8 marks] ii)Which water sample was cleaner? [2 marks]

Question 4:

[30 marks]

A waste stream flow of 0.57 m3/min and a temperature of 39.4 oC contains significant quantities of nonemulsified oil and non-settleable suspended solids. At this temperature the solubility of oxygen = 18.6 mg/L and the fraction of saturation = 0.85. The concentration of oil in feed is 120 mg/L. It is intended to reduce the oil to less than 20 mg/L. Laboratory studies for flotation showed: Alum dose = 50 mg/L Recycle pressure = 515 kPa abs. Solid sludge production due to alum = 0.64 mg/mg alum Total solid sludge concentration = 3 wt% The bench-scale batch flotation data and the hydraulic loading for oil removal are shown in Figures Q4-1 and Q4-2 respectively. Estimate: i) the recycle rate in m3/min, [8 marks] ii) surface area of floatation unit in m2, [8 marks] iii) total solid sludge quantities generated due to oil and alum in kg/d and [10 marks] iv) total volume of sludge generated in L/min. [4 marks]

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0.05

0.04

Air solid ratio (mg/mg)

0.03

0.02

0.01

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Effluent oil concentration (mg/L)

Figure Q4-1: Bench-scale batch flotation test.

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Effluent oil and grease concentration (mg/L)

Surface loading rate

(gal/(min.ft2))

Figure Q4-2: Hydraulic loading for oil removal.

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USEFUL INFORMATION

vscour

1 m = 3.28 ft 1 kg = 2.2046 lb 1 gal = 3.786 liter