IS 11948:1999 w7G9Tm5

( Reaffirmed 2003 )

AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES - STEERING EFFORT - METHOD OF EVALUATION ( First Revision )

ICS

43.040.50;

19.060

0 BIS 1999

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS
MARG

9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR NEW DELHI 110002

February

1999

Price Group

Automotive

Vehicle Testing and Performance

Evaluation

Sectional Committee,

TED 8

FOREWORD This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Automotive Vehicle Testing and Performance Evaluation Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering Division Council. The overall performance of an automotive vehicle is a function of performance of its various components, systems, instrumentation, etc. Assessment of steering effort is an important parameter in the performance of an automotive vehicle. This revision has been undertaken to update the contents of the standard in accordance with the following: EEC Directive No. 92/62 ECC Regulation No. 79.01 The composition of the committee responsible for preparation of this standard is given in Annex B

IS 11948: 1999

Indian Standard

AUTOMOTIVEVEHICLES -STEERING EFFORT- METHODOFEVALUATION (First Revision )

1 SCOPE This standard outlines the method of evaluation of steering effort of all automotive vehicles fitted with steering wheel. 2 REFERENCES The following Indian Standard contains provision which through reference in this text, constitutes provision of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below: IS No. 14272 (Part 1) : 1995 Automotive Terminology wheelers Title vehicles - Types : Part 1 Three and four sufficiently manoeuvres. large to carry out the required 5 PREPARATION OF THE VEHICLE

5.1 The vehicle shall conform in all its parts, components and systems to the design and/or production series as applicable. 5.2 The vehicle shall be run-in as per the practice recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. 5.3 The adjustments of fuel system, ignition system, grade and quantity of lubricants for the various moving parts, adjustment of brakes, clutch, idling speed, etc, shall conform to the recommendations of the manufacturer. 5.4 Prior to test, it shall be ensured that the vehicle including all its parts, components and systems attained a stable temperature normal to the vehicle operation. 5.5 The vehicle shall be loaded to the maximum total weight specified by the manufacturer and the load the axles shall be as distribution between recommended by the manufacturer. 5.6 The vehicle shall be fitted with tyres which have not covered more than 10 percent of its expected life. Tread depth measurement may be used to assess the tyre life. The tyres shall be inflated in the cold condition to the pressures specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 5.7 If the vehicle is fitted with power assisted steering, the pressure setting of the assistance shall be as per the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer. 5.8 The steering geometry shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturer. 6 TEST CONDITIONS 6.1 The fitment and operation of all instruments shall be such as not to hamper the visibility or freedom of the driver to have proper control of the vehicle at all the times. 6.2 In the case of vehicles where the steered wheels are driven, the test shall be conducted with the drive connected. If the steered wheel drive is optional the test shall be conducted with drive disconnected.

3 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this standard definitions shall apply. 3.1 Steering Effort the following

It means the effort applied to the steering control in order to steer the vehicle. 3.2 Steering Force operating in the steering

It means all the forces transmission. 3.3 Test Turning Circle

It means the circle within which are located the projections on to the ground plane of all the points of the vehicle, excluding the external mirrors and the front direction indicators, when the vehicle is driven in a circle. 3.4 Vehicle It means any motor vehicle as defined (Par? 1). 4 FEATURES OF TEST TRACK in IS 14272

The test track shall be an area flat, clear, smooth, dry, covered with concrete or similar material,

IS 11948 : 1999 7 EVALUATION OF STEERING EFFORT 7.6.1 Repeat the test specified in 7.1 to 7.4 as per the details given in Table 1. 7.6.2 The steering effort shall not exceed the values given in Table I. 8 VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS

7.1 Normal Mode Test 7.1.1 The vehicle shall be driven from straight ahead into a spiral at a speed of 10 km/h. The steering effort shall be recorded for the whole opern:ion. 7.1.2 The peak effort at or before reaching the Test Turning Radius, as indicated by the predetermined number of turns of the steering wheel or steering angle, shall be recorded. 7.1.3 Peak effort values of duration less than 0.2 seconds shall be discarded, that is peaks on graphs to be made flat with a duration of 0.2 seconds. Record this as the maximum steering force. 7.1.4 One steering movement right and one to the left. shall be made to the

Vehicle characteristics declared by the vehicle manufacturer to tllc: testing agency shall contain at least the details given in Annex A.
NOTE - If the vehicle, submitted for type approval of the vehicle contain the details given in Annex A, it is not necessary to submit them again.

9 CHANGES IN VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS 9.1 In case the test is conducted for verification of compliance to statutory requirements the following shall be carried out. 9.2 Every modification to vehicle characteristics declared in accordance with 8 shall be intimated by the manufacturer to the testing agency. The testing agency may then consider, whether: a) the model with the changes specifications still complies with the requirements of this standard; or any further verification is required to establish compliance to this standard.

7.2 In case of vehicles with power steering, additional test as specified in 7.1.1 to 7.1.4 shall be conducted with the power supply to the steering disconnected. 7.3 If a steering torque meter is issued, the steering effort shall be calculated from steering torque by dividing it by the steering wheel radius. 7.4 The maximum permitted steering time, maximum permitted steering effort and the test turning radius is given in Table 1 for the conditions specified in 7.1 and 7.2. 7.5 The steering effort shall not exceed the values given in Table 1. 7.6 In the case of vehicles with the power assisted steering, an additional test shall be conducted with the power supply to the steering disconnected.

b)

9.3 Changes where testing is considered necessary for establishing compliance to this standard are as follows: Any increase of weight on steered axle in excess of 10 percent in case of MI and NI type of vehicles and 5 percent for other vehicles. Any increase in wheel base in excess of 10 percent in case of MI and NI type of vehicles and 5 percent for other vehicles.

Table 1 Requirements of Steering Control Effort (Clauses 7.4,7.5,7.6.1 and 7.6.2)

SI No. Vehicle Category ) r Maximum Effort (1) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) (2) MI
M2

Normal

Mode (see 7.1) A Time (s) (4) 4 4 4 4 4 4 \ Test Turning Radius(m) (see Note 1) (9 12 12 12 12 12 12 /

With Power Disconnect A Time (s) (7) 4 4 6 4 4 6

Mode (see 7.6) \ Turning Radius(m) (8) 20 20 20 20 20 20

(daN) (3) 15
15

M3 NI
N2 N3

20 20 20 20

Maximum Effort (daN) (6) 30 30 45 30 40 45 (see Note 2)

NOTES 1 Or full lock if 12 is not attainable. 2 50 for rigid vehicles with two or more steered axles excluding ) The category of vehicles are defined in IS 14272 (Part 1).

self-tracking

equipment

IS 11948: 1999 Any decrease in steering wheel dia [see 9.3 (a)]. Any change in steering linkage/steering gear box ratio which decreases the number of turns of steering wheel from lock to lock. Type of construction of steering gear box (such as recirculating ball type to rack and pinion type, power steering, etc). An increase of caster angle. Increase of tyre size. Change of tyre type from diagonal or cross ply to radial ply. Any change in wheel lock angle that affects the test turning circle. Increase in number of axles. a) If steered axle becomes driven: In the case of decrease in the steering wheel diameter, if the effort calculated from the previous test using the new steering wheel diameter is within limits, a re-test need not be carried out. Changes other than those listed above, are considered to be having no adverse effect on steering effort. In case of fulfillment of criterion specified in 9.2 (a) or after results of further verification as per 9.2 (b) are successful, the test results shall be validated for the changes carried out.

b)

c.

ANNEX

(Clause 8)
VEHICLE A-l Model: CHARACTERISTICS

A-2 Number of axles (Steered/Non-steered): A-3 Gross vehicular A-4 Maximum Front axle: Rear axle: Intermediate axle: weight (GVW): mass for:

recommended

A-5 Wheel base (Laden): A-6 Track of steered axle (s) (Laden): A-7 Steering gear type: A-8 Steering gear ratio: A-9 Steering wheel diameter: A-10 Tyre size and ply rating and tyre pressure: A-11 Tyre type (radial/diagonal/cm): A-12 Wheel lock angle: Inner Left Right A-13 Number of steering wheel rotations from lock to lock: A-14 Caster angle (Laden): A-15 Minimum turning circle diameter: of outermost point which defines the turning circle: Outer

A-16 Coordination

A-17 Pressure setting in case of power steering:

IS 11948: 1999

ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE Automotive Testing and Performance COMPOSITION Evaluation Sectional Committee, TED 8

Chairman SHRI R. RAMAKRISHNAN

28, I Cross Road, Kasturi Bai Nagar Adyar, Chennai 600020 Membe,s
SHRI R. R. G. MENON SHRI R. C. BAL,AKRISHANAN (Alternate) SHRI RAIAT NANDI SIIRI S. G. SHAH (Alternute) SHRI V. K. BHATIA SHRI HIRA LAL (Altenzute) SHRI K. E. TAKAVALE SHRl AKBAR BADUSH(Alternate) SHRI T. M. BALARAMAN SHRI V. M. MANEL (Alternate) SHRI V. M. MUNDADA SHRI R. M. KANITKAR(Alterntrfe) SHRI S. R. TapADE Shri P. C. BARIATIA (Alternute) Kepresentin,q

Ashok Leyland Ltd. Chennai Association Association Automotive of Indian Automobile Mfrs, New Delhi New Delhi

of State Road Transport Undertakings, Research Assn of India Ltd, Pune

Bajaj Auto Ltd. Pune Bajaj Tempo Ltd, Pune Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune

SHRI R. S. DASS SHRIM. L. MEHTA (Akmufe) SHRI P. K. SAHA

MAJ BALWINDERSINGH(Alternate)

Central Farm Machine Training and Testing Institute, Budni Controllerate of Quality Assurance (Vehicles) \DGAQ(V)], Ministry of Defence, Ahmednagar Daewoo Motors India Ltd. New Delhi Dte General of Supplies & Disposals, Dept of Industrial Development, New Delhi

SHRI DINESHTYACI
SHRISURYA PATNAIK(Alternate) SHRI N. K. KAUHAL SHRI S. K. GAUTAM (Alternute) SHRI S. K. BHARIJ SHRI R. K. TRIPATI(Ahrnute) SHRI VEENV MATHUR SHRI K. C. JAIN SHRI R. K. GUAVA (Alternate) SHRI S. B. GWTA SHRI HARIIT SINGH(Alternute) SHRI U. K. KINI SHRI M. G. JHINGRAN(Alternute)

New Delhi

Royal Enfield Motors Ltd. Chennai Escorts Ltd, Faridabad Hero Honda Motors Ltd. New Delhi Hindustan Motors Ltd. Hooghly Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun Kinetic Engg Ltd. Pune Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Bombay Maruti Udyog Ltd, Gurgaon Premier Automobiles Standing Committee Ltd. Bombay (Technical & Stores) CIRT, Pune

DR K. K. GANDHI SHRI MLIKESH SAXENA (Alternate) SHRI P. V. BHANDARE

SHRIS. K. MUKHERIEE SHRI Z. A. MUJAWAR(Alternate)

SHRI I. V. RAO SHRI P. PANDA (Alternate) 33~1 S. N. SRINIVASAN SHRI K. D. DIGHE iALternate) DR Y. SATYANARAYANA SHRI M. L. GORE (AEternute)
SHRI LAKHINDER SINGH SHRI S. R. AGRAHARI(Alternate) SHRIA. T. PHATAK SHRI A. V. KULKARNI (Alfernute) SHRI R. C. SWHI SHRI R. RAJARAMAN (Alfernufe) SHRI M. K. MISHRA SHRI R. G. KAREMORE(Alternute) SHRI P. N. RANGAN

Swaraj Mazda Ltd. Chandigarh Tata Engg & Loco Co Ltd. Pune Vehicle Research & Dev Estt, Ahmednagar Vehicle Factory, Jabalpur Volvo India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore Director General, BIS (Ex-oficio

SHRI A. R. GULATI, Director (Transport

Member)

Engg)
Member Secretury SHRIA. K. NAGPAL

Additional Director (Transport

Engg), BIS

Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standm-ds Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details. such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and Standards: Monthly Additions. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. TED 8 ( 267 ).

Amendments Amend No.

Issued Since Publication Text Affected

Date of Issue

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