Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sources of Polarizability
Space-charge Polarizability
Space-charge Polarization occurs due to the accumulation of charges at the electrodes or at the interface in a multiphase material. The ion diffuse over appreciable distances in response to the applied field, giving rise to redistribution of charges in the dielectric medium.
Sources of Polarizability
1. Elemental Dielectrics have single type of atoms such as diamond, sulphur, germanium etc. Such dielectrics exhibit only Electronic Polarization. 2. Ionic Nonpolar Dielectrics exhibits Electronic and Ionic polarization. Ex- NaCl, KCl, LiF, KBr. 3. Polar Dielectrics exhibits Electronic, Ionic and orientational polarization. Ex-BaTiO3.
Sources of Polarizability
Molar Polarizability
Molar Polarizability
Clausius-Mosotti Relation
1013
1015
Electronic Polarization is extremely rapid. Even when the frequency of the applied voltage is very high in the optical range (~1015 Hz), electronic polarization occurs during every cycle of the applied voltage. At optical frequency, electronic polarization alone is present.
10
1013
1015
Ionic Polarization involves the displacement of ions which are heavier than electron cloud. The time taken for displacement will be higher. The frequency with which ions are displaced is of the same order of the lattice vibration frequency (~1013Hz). At optical frequency there is no ionic polarization. At 1013 Hz, both electronic and ionic polarization will be present
11
102
1010
1013
1015
Orientational Polarization is even slower than ionic polarization. Orientational polarization occurs, when the frequency of the applied voltage is in the audio range.
12
102
1010
1013
1015
Space charge polarization is the slowest process, as it involves the diffusion of ions over several interatomic distances. It occurs at power frequencies (50-60 Hz).
13
Problems
14