Example An object does free fall motion. It hits the ground after 4 seconds.

Calculate the velocity of the object after 3 seconds and before it hits the ground. What can be the height it is thrown?

Example The boy drops the ball from a roof of the house which takes 3 seconds to hit the ground. Calculate the velocity before the ball crashes to the ground. (g=10m/s)

Velocity is;

V=g.t

V=10m/ s.3s=30m/s

We have learned how to find the velocity of the object at a given time. Now we will learn how to find the distance taken during the motion. I give some equations to calculate distance and other quantities. Galileo found an equation for distance from his experiments.

This equation is;

Using this equation we can find the height of the house in given example above. Lets found how height the ball has been dropped? We use 10 m/s

for g.

Example Calculate the velocity of the car which has initial velocity 24m/s and acceleration 3m/s after 15 second. We use the first equation to solve this question.

Example The car which is initially at rest has an acceleration 7m/s and travels 20 seconds. Find the distance it covers during this period.

Example 2: Equations of motion I

Question
A motorcycle, travelling East, starts from rest, moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration and covers a distance of 64 m in 4 s. Calculate

its acceleration its final velocity at what time the motorcycle had covered half the total distance what distance the motorcycle had covered in half the total time.

Answer
Identify what information is given and what is asked for We are given:

(7) All quantities are in SI units. Acceleration: Find a suitable equation to calculate the acceleration We can use (Reference)

(8) Substitute the values and calculate the acceleration

(9) Final velocity: Find a suitable equation to calculate the final velocity We can use (Reference) - remember we now also know the acceleration of the object.

(10) Substitute the values and calculate the final velocity

(11) Time at half the distance: Find an equation to calculate the time We can use (Reference):

(12) Distance at half the time: Find an equation to relate the distance and time Half the time is 2 s, thus we have to get the distance: , and - all in the correct units. We can use (Reference)

(13)

Exercise 1: Equations of motion

Problem 1: A car starts off at 10 ms1 and accelerates at 1 ms2 for 10 s. What is its final velocity? Answer 1: We use the equations of motion. We are given the initial velocity, acceleration and the time taken. We are asked to find the final velocity.

Problem 2:A train starts from rest, and accelerates at 1 ms2 for 10 s. How far does it move? Answer 2: We are given the initial velocity ( , since it starts from rest). We also are given the time and the acceleration. We want the distance.

Problem 3: A bus is going 30 ms1 and stops in 5 s. What is its stopping distance for this speed? Answer 3: The final velocity is The acceleration is given by: , since the bus stops. The initial velocity and time are given.

Problem 4: A racing car going at 20 ms1 stops in a distance of 20 m. What is its acceleration? Answer 4: The final velocity is since the car stops. The final velocity and distance are given.

The acceleration is negative which indicates that the racing car is slowing down. Problem 5: A ball has a uniform acceleration of 4 ms2. Assume the ball starts from rest. Determine the velocity and displacement at the end of 10 s. Answer 5: We are given the acceleration and time. The initial velocity is .

The final velocity is:

The displacement is:

Problem 6: A motorcycle has a uniform acceleration of 4 ms2. Assume the motorcycle has an initial velocity of 20 ms1. Determine the velocity and displacement at the end of 12 s. Answer 6: We are given the acceleration, the initial velocity and the time.

The final velocity is:

The displacement is: