What is migration?

The movement of people (and

animals/birds) either within a country or between countries, either voluntary or forced. There are a number of different factors that are considered before the decision is made to move. These are called push and pull factors. Push Factors reasons why people move country. The things that make people want to move, or leave a place. Pull Factors reasons why people come to a country. The things that attract people to another place. Immigrants people coming to a country Emigrants people who leave a country (exit) Push Factors Poverty Abuse Marriage reasons Political/ religions instability War Pull Factors Business opportunities Jobs Higher salary Living in better climates Free NHS healthcare (England) No taxes (Malta) Better governments

Economic Migrants People who move to another country for work. Theyre usually from the EU, America or Australia. They usually employ themselves in casual labour. Sineads family come from Ireland. They come to London to find work because there were not enough jobs at home. This is ECONOMIC MIGRATION. Rural to Urban Migration The movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities where they wish to live permanently. Owens family come from Wales. The family decided to leave when the village school closed, and move to Cardiff. This is RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION. It can be vice versa (urban to rural).

Forced Migrations This is when people have no choice and are made to move. In this case they are pushed out of their homes. Forced migrants who move to another country are called refugees. o Reasons include Higher salary Improved amenities: hospitals, schools and entertainment To be we with relatives and friends Voluntary Migrations This is when people who choose to move. This is usually because of the pull or attraction of a better quality of life elsewhere. o Reasons include Persecution Natural disasters: floods or volcanic eruptions Wars Racial discrimination

Refugees
Refugees People forced to move from an area where they live, and so made homeless. Refugee camps are temporary housing tents and shelters put up to help escaping people. Mariams family came from Somalia in Africa. There was a civil war in the country and her older brother was killed. The family fled to Britain as Refugees. These large numbers of people, who have usually left all their personal possessions behind, live in extreme poverty and have virtually no prospects. They are unlikely ever to return to their homeland and often live in large concentration camps where they need food, shelter and water. This has to be provided by the host country or by charities such as the Red Cross. Over half of the worlds refugee population are children, and most of the adults are women. Over 80% are from developing countries, where the shortage of money makes the problem even greater. Most refugees go towards already developed countries, rather than developing countries, expecting a higher standard of living. But they are actually disappointed. Asylum Seekers People who are seeking to live in another country usually to get away from religions/political/gender persecution. Seeking safety in a different country. Once refugees have found asylum, the situation is still very difficult because most do not speak the language, have much money and live in poor conditions.

Immigration advantages and disadvantages to people and the country

Migration in the UK
Migrants have been arriving in Britain from other countries for over 2000 years. Some have come as invaders, some to escape problems in their own countries and some simply to find jobs and a better way of life. In fact, the UK population is made up of immigrants and has always been a country of mixed races and cultures. The majority of UK residents are descended from Roman, Vikings, Angles, Saxons, and Normans. The Irish have also settled in Britain for several centuries, while many other Europeans migrated here both during and after the Second World War. Some of the largest groups of immigrants are form countries that were once part of the British Empire: India, Pakistan and the West Indies.

What are the impacts of migration?

Migration has an impact on the place that has been left behind by the migrant and also on the place that they are migrating to. These impacts can be both positive and negative. The example below shows how migration from Turkey to Germany affects the two countries.