HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING

IDEAL SIZE OF A CITY = 10,000 20,000 (by Aristotle) HIPPODAMUS Gridiron Layout City in the form of Grid PIRAEUS, Athens Harbor NEOPOLIS New Town PALEOPOLIS Old Town URBAN DESIGN GREEK Sense of finite Romans Political Power & Organization USE OF SCALE GREEK based on Human Measurements Romans Proportion that would relate to the Parts of the Building Settlements Rectilinear & Circular MODULE GREEK use of House Romans use of Street FORM A Latin word meaning Open Space or Market Place Administrative & Corporate Heart of Rome REPUBLICAN FORUM Roman Forum o Designed by Vitruvius o Proportion 3:2 (Length to Width) o Small Area, 6 acres o Architectural Masses, Full of Odd Corners o Curia Senate House IMPERAIL FORUM Urban Space o Architectural or Urban Masses were made Subordinate to Spaces o Composed of Piazas formed by Colonnades o Colonnade serve as Transition (Spacious, Open, Sense of Openness)

Une Cite Industrielle (1901- 1904) Anticipated the Modern Day Zoning Plan is incredibly Detailed

Don Arturo Soria Y Mata o La Ciudad Lineal o Stalingrad (Planned Linear City) o Created Madrids 1st Streetcar & Telephone System

THE CONVENTIONISTS & PARK MOVEMENT George Perkins Marsh o Founder of Modern Conservation o Man & Nature Frederick Law Olmsted o Pioneer of American Park System o Central Park in New York o Cities planned for generations ahead o Maintain sufficient breathing space

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT Ebenezer Howard o Garden City Concept o Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform Letchworth 1st Garden City

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH Connurbation o The Wave of the Population Inflow to Large Cities o Wave of Backflow CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT Golden Age of Urban Design (Termed the City Beautiful Era) Worlds Fair As a Civic Art As Urban Renewal Operations Civic Centers ( City Hall, Country Courthouse, Library, Museum & Plaza) Public Works ( Bridges, Rivers, Colleges & Universities, Railroads) City as a Whole Daniel Burnham Make No Little Plans, They have no Magic to stir Mans Blood ARCHITECTS IN URBAN PLANNING Eliel Saarinen Le Corbusier o Une Ville Contemporaine o Plan Voisin (Neighborhood Plan) o Le Plan de Paris o Spokesman International Movement o Chandigrah, India Designed Entire City Louis Khan Central Philadelphia Kenzo Tange Plan for Tokyo o Circulation as a Determinant of Urban Form Frank Lloyd Wright Disappearing City o Broadacres every Family on acreland o Changed Scheme o Full Mile High Skyscraper Constantine Dioxadis Arch Transition o Ekistics Grid System for Recording Planning Data & Ordering Planning Process o Ekistics Science of Human Settlement

ANCIENT GREECE Acropolis Agora ANCIENT ROME Republican Forum Imperial Forum MEDIEVAL ERA Decline of Rome Urban Settings Military Strongholds, Castles, Monasteries RENAISSANCE ERA Ideal Cities o Accomplishments of Early Renaissance Public Works & Civil Improvement of Projects o Leon Battista Alberti Foremost, Theoretical o Rebuilding the Ferrara 1ST Modern City o Palazzo Diamenti Most Famous Structures o Biaggio Rosetti Earliest Modern Urban Designers o Leonardo Da Vinci Sketched a City Straddling River Proposed Movable Houses Anticipated the Greenbelt Concept Satellite Town for Workers REBUILDING LONDON Several Designers : o Christopher Waren o John Evelyn Robert Hooke o Valentine Knight o John Gwynn Produced The Plan of London (1716) INDUSTRIAL TOWNS Tony Garnier - French Architect