Power plant efficiency mainly calculate by measuring the efficiency of

i) ii) iii)

Boiler efficiency Turbine efficiency Auxiliary consumption of plant

Hence change in any one May results in change in efficiency of the plant.

Boiler :Boiler is a closed vessel in which water is heated.It is use coal combustion energy to convert water into steam.It is made up of steel material and working on high temperature and pressure. Hence boiler operation depends on the factors which on which it is opearate i.e.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Quality of coal Water Amount of air Temperature and pressure Quality of steel material

Turbine :A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. A turbine is a turbo machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. Hence Turbine operation depends on the factors which on which it is opearate i.e.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Quality of steam Flow of steam on blades Blades angle Inlet Temperature and pressure in turbine Oulet Temperature and pressure of turbine Quality of steel material

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Auxiliary consumption of plant :-

Auxiliary consumption is the amount of source energy required to generate the electricity. All the auxiliary components are design as per the full load ratings.but it is not necessary that , the plant will running on full load all the time. Auxiliary power consumption in a thermal power plant is a major source of energy consumption. The auxiliary consumption of the plant do not change with the change in load. Hence when plant run on less load than its full capacity, it takes more auxiliary consumption than required and the efficiency of the palnt reduced. Auxiliary consumption also depends upon

1) Types of equipment used 2) Types of lightning system used 3) Distribution system

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Research Methodology

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Boiler efficiency, when calculated by the ASME heat balance method, includes stack losses and radiation and convection losses. But what factors have the most effect or "sensitivity" on boiler efficiency? As discussed earlier, the basic boiler design is the major factor. However, there is room for interpretation when calculating efficiency. Indeed if desired, you can make a boiler appear more efficient than it really is by using a little creativity in the efficiency calculation. The following are the key factors to understanding efficiency calculations.

Flue gas temperature (Stack temperature) Fuel specification Excess air Ambient air temperature Radiation and convection losses. Flue Gas Temperature

Flue gas temperature or "stack temperature" is the temperature of the combustion gases as they exit the boiler. The flue gas temperature must be a proven value for the efficiency calculation to be reflective of the true fuel usage of the boiler. A potential way to manipulate an efficiency value is to utilize a lower-than-actual flue gas temperature in the calculation. When reviewing an efficiency guarantee or calculation, check the flue gas temperature. Is it realistic? Is it near or less than the saturation temperature of the fluid in the boiler? And can the vendor of the equipment refer you to an existing jobsite where these levels of flue gas temperatures exist? Jobsite conditions will vary and have an effect on flue gas temperature. However, if the efficiency value is accurate, the flue gas temperatures should be confirmable in existing applications. Don't be fooled by estimated stack temperatures. Make sure the stack temperature is proven. Fuel Specification The fuel specification can also have a dramatic effect on efficiency. In the case of gaseous fuels, the higher the hydrogen content, the more water vapor is formed during combustion. This water vapor uses energy as it changes phase in the combustion process. Higher water vapor losses when firing the fuel result in lower efficiency. This is one reason why fuel oil fires at higher efficiency levels than natural gas. To get an accurate efficiency calculation, a fuel specification that represents the jobsite fuel to be fired must be used. When reviewing an efficiency guarantee or calculation, check the fuel specification. Is it representative of the fuel you will use in the boiler? The representation of efficiency using fuel with low hydrogen content will not provide an accurate evaluation of your actual fuel usage. The Efficiency vs. H/C Ratio bar graph shows the degree to which efficiency can be affected by fuel specification. The graph indicates the effect of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio on efficiency for five different gaseous fuels. At identical operating conditions, efficiencies can vary as much as 2.5-3.0%, based solely on the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel. When evaluating boiler efficiency, knowing the actual fuel specification is a must.

Excess Air Excess air is the extra air supplied to the burner beyond the air required for complete combustion. Excess air is supplied to the burner because a boiler firing without sufficient air or "fuel rich" is

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operating in a potentially dangerous condition. Therefore, excess air is supplied to the burner to provide a safety factor above the actual air required for combustion. However, excess air uses energy from combustion, thus taking away potential energy for transfer to water in the boiler. In this way, excess air reduces boiler efficiency. A quality burner design will allow firing at minimum excess air levels of 15% (3% as O2). O2 represents percent oxygen in the flue gas. Excess air is measured by sampling the O2 in the flue gas. If 15% excess air exists, the oxygen analyzer would measure the O2 in the excess air and show a 3% measurement. Seasonal changes in temperature and barometric pressure can cause the excess air in a boiler to fluctuate 5% - 10%. Furthermore, firing at low excess air levels can result in high CO and boiler sooting, specifically if the burner has complex linkage and lacks proper fan design. The fact is even burners theoretically capable of running at less than 15% excess air levels rarely are left at these settings in actual practice. A realistic excess air level for a boiler in operation is 15% if an appropriate safety factor is to be maintained. When reviewing an efficiency guarantee or calculation, check the excess air levels. If 15% excess air is being used to calculate the efficiency, the burner should be of a very high quality design with repeatable damper and linkage features. Without these features, your boiler will not be operating at the low excess air values being used for the calculation, at least not for long. If less than 15% excess air is being used for the calculation you are probably basing your fuel usage on a higher efficiency than will be achieved in your day to day operation. You should ask the vendor to recalculate the efficiency at realistic excess air values. Ambient Temperature Ambient temperature can have a dramatic effect on boiler efficiency. A 40 degree variation in ambient temperature can effect efficiency by 1% or more. Most boiler rooms are relatively warm. Therefore, most efficiency calculations are based on 80 deg. F ambient temperatures. When reviewing an efficiency guarantee or calculation, check the ambient air conditions utilized. If a higher than 80 F value was utilized, it is not consistent with standard engineering practice. And, if the boiler is going to be outside, the actual efficiency will be lower due to lower ambient air temperatures regardless of the boiler design. To determine your actual fuel usage, ask for the efficiency to be calculated at the lower ambient conditions.

Radiation and Convection losses Radiation and convection losses represent the heat losses radiating from the boiler vessel. Boilers are insulated to minimize these losses. However, every boiler has radiation and convection losses. Some times efficiency is represented without any radiation and convection losses. This is not a true reflection of fuel usage of the boiler. The boiler design also can have an effect on radiation and convection losses. For example, a waterback design boiler tends to have much higher rear skin temperatures than a dryback design. This is easy to prove. Just go to the back of a quality dryback boiler and touch the rear door. Cool rear temperatures are the result of low radiation and convection losses in the rear of the boiler. Boilers operating with high rear temperatures are wasting energy every time the unit is fired.

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Radiation and convection losses also are a function of air velocity across the boiler. A typical boiler room does not have high wind velocities. Boilers operating outside, however, will have higher radiation and convection losses.

Improving Boiler Efficiency

Your boiler probably accounts for the majority, if not all, of your heating fuel bill. If you tend to budget a fixed dollar amount for this fuel bill, you may be interested in knowing that most boiler systems are, at best, 85% efficient with an average efficiency of only 65% to 75%. This means from 25 to 35% of your heating bill is going up the chimney with no appreciable benefit to you. There are many ways to increase a boiler system's efficiency. These range from ongoing low-cost or no-cost operation and maintenance improvements, to one-time capital improvements. Some proven onetime investments are discussed below. Reduce Excess Air Properly operated boilers require a certain amount (10% to 20%) of excess air to ensure complete combustion. However, operating with too much excess air reduces boiler efficiency by heating up and throwing away this "cushion" of excess air. On the other hand, operating the boiler with no excess air can lead to sooting on the fireside, air pollution, poor efficiency and even potentially explosive flue gases, so that boiler operators tend to have a cushion of excess air rather than a deficiency. Monitoring the flue gas temperature, oxygen content, and carbon dioxide content allows the operator to minimize this cushion and fine tune the boiler for optimal efficiency under varying ambient and load conditions. Portable or fixed combustion efficiency tests are available from many sources and may be used to manually adjust combustion air quantities. This is typically the only choice for natural draft type boilers and should be performed on a weekly basis. For forced draft boilers, an automatic combustion control system can be added to automatically monitor flue gas combustion and adjust combustion air quantities on an instantaneous basis.

Condensate Return Condensate from a steam boiler system is hot mineral free water. Strong consideration should be given to returning all usable condensate in order to minimize the use of cold makeup water which must be heated prior to entering the boiler. An added benefit will be the decreased use of chemicals and improved boiler surfaces. This will reduce corrosion (which can lead to early failure) and/or the buildup of scale (which can hurt boiler efficiency).

Blowdown Heat Recovery Blowdown of boilers to reduce the sludge and solid content allows heat to go down the drain. The amount of blowdown should be minimized by following a good water treatment program. Installing

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a heat exchanger in the blowdown line allows this waste heat to be used in preheating makeup and feed water. Heat recovery is most suitable for continuous blowdown operations which in turn provides the best water treatment program.

Exhaust Heat Recovery A device like the one shown below can be attached to the flue to recover a portion of the exhausted heat. This heat can be used to preheat boiler make-up water. Take care not to extract so much heat that the flue gases condense (causing corrosion).

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Preheat Combustion Air If you have a large temperature difference (20 to 40) between your boiler intake air location and the ceiling of your boiler room and this hot air is a result of boiler and stack losses, you can increase your boiler efficiency by either extending the intake upwards or forcing the hot air down. Both options may require a fan and ductwork. If the hot air is due to boiler wall losses, you may want to consider insulating the boiler.

Replace Burners If you presently have an old, inefficient oil burner (such as rotary up or atmospheric), or an oversized burner (causing excessive short cycling), it may be cost-effective to replace the burner with a modern, efficient and properly sized burner. You may want to consider variable firing rates and/or dual fuel capabilities allowing you to choose the least expensive heating fuel at any given time. Natural gas burners can replace oil burners without requiring boiler replacement.

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Turbulators and Soot Blowers. Turbulators are metal baffles inserted into fire tube boilers to increase the heat transfer by increasing the surface area and slowing down the combustion gases. Soot blowers use steam or compressed air to help keep the fire-side surface of solid fuel or oil fired boilers clean. Check with your boiler manufacturer to determine the suitability of either of these measures.

Improve Steam Turbine Efficiency

Steam Turbine Efficiency Improvement Technology The improvement in turbine efficiency reduces running cost and increases reliability. turbine effciency improvements achieved by conducting detailed analyses of various losses in turbine stages as well as through simulations using three dimensional turbine internal flow models. Effect of operating conditions on steam turbines Turbine exhaust operating below atmosphere, is condensed in a shell and tube exchanger called surface condenser. Condensate flows in the shell side of the condenser and steam is condensed by the cooling water. Vacuum in the surface condenser i.e. turbine exhaust vacuum is controlled/ maintained by vacuum ejector system of the surface condenser. Turbines are designed for a particular operating conditions like steam inlet pressure, steam inlet temperature and turbine exhaust pressure/ exhaust vacuum, which affects the performance of the turbines in a significant way. Variations in these parameters affects the steam consumption in the turbines and also the turbine efficiency. Theoretical turbine efficiency is calculated as workdone by the turbine to the heat supplied to generate the steam. Efforts are made to show the impact of various operating conditions by considering the following steam conditions as illustration Effect of Steam inlet pressure

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Steam inlet pressure of the turbine also effects the turbine performance. All the turbines are designed for a specified steam inlet pressure. For obtaining the design efficiency, steam inlet pressure shall be maintained at design level.Lowering the steam inlet pressure will hampers the turbine efficiency and steam consumption in the turbine will increase. Similarly at higher steam inlet pressure energy available to run the turbine will be high, which in turn will reduce the steam consumption in the turbine. It indicates that increase in steam inlet pressure by 1 kg/cm2 in condensing type turbine reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 0.3 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0.1 % respectively. In case of back pressure type turbine increase in steam inlet pressure by 1 kg/cm2 reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 0.7 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0.16 %. Improvement inback pressure type turbine is more than the condensing type turbine.

Effect of Steam inlet temperature Enthalpy of steam is a function of temperature and pressure. At lower temperature, enthalpy will be low, work done by the turbine will be low, turbine efficiency will be low, hence steam consumption for the required output will be higher. In other words, at higher steam inlet temperature, heat extraction by the turbine will be higher and hence for the required output, steam consumption will reduce. It indicates that increase in steam inlet temperature by 10 deg C in condensing type turbine reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 1.1 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0.12 % respectively. Contd.. In case of back pressure type turbine increase in steam inlet temperature by 10 deg C reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 1.5 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0.12 %. Improvement in back pressure type turbine is more than the condensing type turbine.

Effect of exhaust pressure/ vacuum

Higher exhaust pressure/ lower vacuum, increases the steam consumption in the turbine, keeping all other operating parameters constant. Exhaust pressure lower than the specified will reduce the steam consumption and improves the turbine efficiency. Similarly exhaust vacuum lower than the specified , will lower the turbine efficiency and reduces the steam consumption .It indicates that improvement in exhaust vacuum by 10 mm Hg, reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 1.1 %. Improvement in turbine efficiency varies significantly from 0.24 % to 0.4 %. In case of back pressure type turbine reduction in exhaust pressure by 1.0 kg/cm2, reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 0.8 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0.14 % .

Various turbine efficiency improvement technology. HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE DESIGN Minimizing blade incidence angle loss Optimization of inlet angle Minimizing secondary flow loss Selection of inlet angle Reducing blade root mixing steam loss Optimization of blade root leakage Decreasing non-uniform flow loss Optimization of stage construction

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EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR NOZZLE Advanced laminar nozzle profile Controlled vortex nozzle Advanced vortex lean nozzle EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR MOVING BLADE Advanced laminar moving blade profile Balance blade profile Notch block conversion into notch blade

AUXILIARY CONSUMPTION
Thermal power stations use 3 to 8 % of their gross generation capacity for auxiliary processes. A conventional coal-fired thermal power plant uses slightly more (5 8%) of the electricity it produces for the auxiliary load. For a combined-cycle power plant, the auxiliary consumption can be less than 3.5 %. Auxiliary processes are required to keep the generator running; they are, for instance, conveying fuel coal to coal mills and maintaining the cooling water flowing through the condenser. Most of the auxiliary power demand, up to 80%, is used by large electric motors that are typically connected to the medium voltage switchboard, supplied through auxiliary transformers. The increasing demand for clean coal and CO2 emission capture and storage technologies will increase the auxiliary electricity consumption of electric power generation. Power stations, especially baseload ones, are running at full load all the time. It is easy to imagine that not much change or control is needed for the auxiliary processes in such cases. The fact is however, that very few power stations run at their maximum capacity throughout the year; instead the capacity is being adjusted all the time to match demand and various operation conditions and parameters Auxiliary load machines, like centrifugal blowers, pumps or compressors, must be designed to operate reliably under all operating conditions, which leads to part load operation most of the time. speed control technology is being introduced as alternative to traditional mechanical control methods. The considerable economical benefits will be demonstrated in a case example. The paper concludes that Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) increase plant availability and flexibility through improved process control. VFDs reduce maintenance costs and improve heat rate by increasing the efficiency of auxiliary processes, which, in turn, reduces emissions. The improved heat rate and power output results in a higher profitability and faster return on investment.

Advantages of variable speed fans driven by medium voltage AC drives

Variable speed fans driven by medium voltage AC drives have the following advantages over conventional inlet vane or inlet damper controlled fans:

1. Energy efficiency

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The outstanding efficiency of variable speed fans has been discussed in this paper. The fan input power varies as the cube of the speed and while satisfying the system requirements at maximum continuous rating or at lower loads, power savings are maximized as compared to any other method of flow control. Sometimes it is difficult to match all three parameters (flow, pressure and speed) at the maximum efficiency point. To select a fan at maximum efficiency, sometimes the fan needs to be selected at a speed other than synchronous speed, which becomes possible with a variable speed drive. Also, a fan has higher efficiency when inlet vanes or inlet dampers are totally eliminated Through the energy efficiency of variable speed fan, investment in electric variable speed drives can typically prove to be the most economical choice in all cases with longer than few years operating period. This is especially the situation in cases where investment must be split over several years and the alternative is to install and operate a heavily throttled fixed speed fan dimensioned to future demand.

2. Reliability, controllability, operability Faster and better control together with an increased control range are major reasons for considering variable speed drive control. Controllability This is a major advantage over any damper or vane controlled fans. Flow varies directly proportional to speed and pressure varies with the square of the speed. Additionally, the system resistance (pressure drop) varies with the square of the flow. The superior control of these parameters, flow and pressure, is achieved by adjusting the speed of the fan with an electric variable speed drive. With inlet vanes or inlet dampers the control is not as precise. 19 The reliability of the system is greatly increased because there are no other moving parts in the system. Power-Loss-Ride-Through Some medium voltage AC drives have the ability to ridethrough prolonged voltage fluctuations (e.g. transient voltage dips) on the supply network without tripping. This feature is an advantage compared to DOL (Direct-On-Line) motors, which will trip in a shorter period of time. This feature, together with Flying Start (when a drive can catch a spinning fan for example after an extended loss of supply) results in a fan drive system, which is robust towards fluctuations in the supply network, refer to Table 2. Lower noise Due to the fact that dampers are eliminated in the fan for flow control and the elimination of throttling action, the noise level is considerably lower. This usually amounts to 8 to 10 dBA noise reduction. Furnace implosion may be a concern in power plants, meaning the ID fan could cause the boiler to collapse due to too much under-pressure in the furnace. The implosion may occur as a result of a control malfunction or through operator error, for instance the dampers on the FD fan are closed while the ID fan is in operation. Risk of furnace implosion can be reduced with variable speed fan control, because of the following known operational characteristics. First, as learned, a variable speed fan operating at MCR has considerably lower speed than the design speed (TB) of the corresponding fixed speed fan. This means lower pressure, and lower risk of implosion, at zero flow. Secondly, a variable speed fan can be controlled to reduce speed immediately upon detection of a dangerous situation. The operation point will thus route towards zero head of the head capacity curve, unlike the situation of a fixed speed fan, which has the characteristic of increased pressure with declining flow. Further, an electrical variable speed control will be actively controlled during the emergency speed reduction. A fixed speed fan motor will slowly coast down towards zero speed when the circuit breaker is opened, and depending on the system design, it may not be possible to re-start the motor directly across the line, as long as speed of the rotating inertia has decreased under a defined minimum starting speed.

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3. Soft starting capability There is no motor inrush current (which typically can be 650% of the full load current), which means less wear and tear and increased lifetime of the motor, coupling and fan. Additionally, the impact on the supply network is greatly reduced, meaning less likelihood of causing problematic voltage drops during starting. The inherent feature of the variable speed drive makes it possible to nullify the effects of inertia and the rate of acceleration of the system can be adjusted or programmed.

4. Reduced maintenance Inlet vane or damper control usually requires some periodic maintenance and elimination of inlet vane controls reduces maintenance costs. As the speed is reduced, the peripheral velocity of the fan rotor is reduced and, as a result, impingement and sliding velocity of the particles in the gas is greatly reduced compared to constant speed fans. This increases the fan lifetime and reduces maintenance. Large ID fans equipped with inlet dampers at certain damper settings can cause a rotating stall. This can result in ductwork vibrations of very high magnitude, which forces the user not to operate the fan at the onset of stall or below. Inlet vane controls can cause cone vortex problems because of too much swirl and can cause ductwork pulsations in the discharge side ductwork. Speed control of the fan eliminates the use of damper or vane control and, thus, the pulsation problems are avoided.

5. Reduced investment in other parts of plant Because of the soft start capabilities, a less expensive motor having lower inertia capabilities can be utilized (as long as there is no drive by-pass requirement). When the motor power can be reduced, savings can also be achieved in the electrical distribution system, as voltage drop due to direct on line starting is no longer an issue. The distribution system can have a lower fault level. . Variable frequency drives offer the possibility to rotate the fan at a lower speed to avoid thermal stratification, thereby eliminating the need for a turning gear. Ability to start a hot gas fan at ambient conditions at slow speed Though power consumption varies directly with the density of gas, with speed control, power consumption varies as cube of the 21 speed. As such, a variable speed fan makes it possible to operate a hot gas fan at ambient conditions at lower speed, and eliminates the need for a two-speed motor or a larger motor.

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DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

.

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FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF PLANT ,THE DIFFERENT STEPS DECIDED BY MANAGEMENT

FOR IMPROVING BOILER EFFICIENCY

Reduce percentage of excess air flow in boiler , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 5 percentage points. Raising temperature of combustion air by preheating , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 1 percentage point. Replacement of burners and FD sir nozzle in every shutdown , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 5 percentage points. Recover flue gas temperature for heating purpose , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 5 percentage points. Reducing numbers of blowdown , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 2 percentage points.

FOR IMPROVING TURBINE EFFICIENCY

Maintaining inlet pressure nearer to rated pressure , Efficiency Improvement - Up to 2 percentage points. Maintaining temperature of inlet steamabove 500d.cen , Efficiency Improvement Up to 10 percentage point. Maintaining exhaust pressure/vaccum nearer 0.90kg/cm , Efficiency Improvement Up to 5 percentage points. Maintaining exhaust steam temperature nearer50d. cen , Efficiency Improvement Up to 5 percentage points.

ACTION TAKE BY MANAGEMENT FOR REDUCING CONSUMPTION OF LIGHT LOADS Excessive illumination Avoided keep only those fans and lights which are need. Use of neon sign boards stops. Use only painted sign boards. Use energy saving compact fluorescent lamps for the illumination. Switch off all the unused lights and fans.

ACTION TAKE BY MANAGEMENT FOR REDUCING CONSUMPTION OF PLANT AUXILIARIES

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Use of VFDs for the motors wheres variable flow of Air, Water are required. Examples : -

1) FD Fan KW-200 AMPS-348 VOLTAGE -415V FREQUENCY-50HZ

Before installation of VFD PA Fan was operate on near full load and take full amperes upto 340 Amps , but after installation of VFD it load reduced to 270amps(~160kwh ) Before installation of VFDs Total consumption of FD= kw * 24 = 200 * 24 = 4800 kwh /day

After installation of VFDs: Total Consumption of FD= kw * 24 = 160* 24 = 3840 kwh /day Energy saving in a day = 4800 3840 = 960 kwh /day Energy saving in a month = 30* 240 = 23040 kwh

2 ) PA Fan

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KW-75

AMPS-126 VOLTAGE -415V FREQUENCY-50HZ

Before installation of VFD PA Fan was operate on near full load and take full amperes upto 125 Amps , but after installation of VFD it load reduced to 111 amps(65 Kwh) Before installation of VFDs Total consumption of FD= kw * 24 = 75* 24 = 1800 kwh /day
After installation of VFDs: Total Consumption of FD= kw * 24 = 65* 24 = 1560 kwh /day Energy saving in a day = 1800-1560 = 240 kwh /day Energy saving in a month = 30* 240 = 7200 kwh

In the same way more motors of boiler and turbines are changes fron simple starter to VFDs to reduce the auxiliary consumption.

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By the use of this techniques of power plant performance and efficiency improvement , company reduce the auxiliary consumption of the plant from 14 to 12 %. Management saves 2 % auxiliary consumption from required consumption. By reducing the consumption , power plant output generation are increased without increasing the input source materials. Hence energy generation cost are reduced. It means , by using this techniques , management improve the performance of the plant and generate the electricity at lower cost.

Total capacity of plant = 40 MW Total auxiliary required = 14 % of 40 MW without improvent = 5.6MW per hour After installation of VFDs and improvent of plant = 12 % of 40 MW = 4.8 MW Total power save = 5.6- 4.8 MW = 0.8 Mw ~1 MW per hour .

Means management saves 24 MW a day. It is lot of energy saving from the old and running plant. Company invest Rs. 3 behind the generation of each unit.

Hence by saving the ~24 MW energy in a day , company save the (24000*3=) Rs. 72000 per day. PAYBACKS of VFD : Page | 18

A VFD purchased by company for FD motor was cost Rs. 1000000 .

A VFD save near about 23000kwh /month.

And each unit has a price of Rs. 3.

It means a VFD save total = 23000 * 3

= Rs 69000/month.

So , that VFD recover its total cost in = 1000000 / 69000

= 15 months

Means company easily recover the total cost of the VFD in 15 month.

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16

14

12

10

REDUCE IN AUXILIARY CONSUMPTION RUNNING AUXILIARY CONSUMPTION

0 BEFORE VFD'S AFTER VFD'S

AUXILIARY CONSUMPTION COMPARISON

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100%

90%

80%

70%

60% ENERGY LOST 50% EFFICIENCY RUNNING

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% BEFORE VFD'S AFTER VFD'S

Efficiency comparison of plant

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LIMITATION OF STUDY

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Difficult to make changes in running plant. Risk of working on actual location of plant. Require performances standard of IEA. Reqires ratings and documents of all equipments in plan. Need to be take shutdown of plant. Performance improvement techniques requires skilled persons. Efficient improvement tools are very costly and requires 1 to 2 years to cover their prices. It is necessory to continuously monitor and evaluate the performance and efficiency of the plant. Need to be measures and store all the data on regular basis. It is a Lengthy process , requires more time for installation of the performance and efficiency ysytem.

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CONCLUSION

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The objective of the project will be fulfilled only if the performance of all thermal power generating units improves and approaches the world class standards. In our opinion, the mass movement for performance improvement of thermal power generating units will give additional fillip and facilitate the process of achieving the objective.The model world class power plants will inspire the other power generating units to0 join the movement and demonstrate the benefits of achieving the world class standards. We are sure that the Indian power industry, will make use of this excellent opportunity, improve their performance and move towards the world class standards.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Manual on Best Practises in Indian Thermal Power Generating Units. Power Generation From Coal Coal Industry Advisory board. Books of Bereau of Energy Efficiency Increasing efficiency of the conventional auxiliary systems of power plants (Reduction of Life Cycle Cost by operational excellence) - Thomas Schmager

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