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Objective: Study Gas Power Plants in which working fluid is always a gas Gas turbines Internal combustion engines: spark-ignition and compression-ignition Internal Combustion Engines Engine Terminology Air-Standard Cycles: Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles Gas Turbine Power Plants Modelling gas turbine power plants Air-Standard Brayton cycle Improving performance using Regeneration, reheating and intercooling Gas turbines for aircraft propulsion Combined gas turbine vapour power cycle
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Ericsson and Sterling cycles 1
OPEN SYSTEM
CLOSED SYSTEM
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics 3
CYCLE ANALYSIS
TURBINE
COMPRESSOR
HEAT INPUT
NUMERICAL PROBLEM
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a volumetric flow rate of 5 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 9. The turbine inlet temperature is 1500 K. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, (b) the back work ratio, (c) the net power developed, in kW.
ASSUMPTIONS: 1. Each component is analyzed as a control volume at steady state. 2. The turbine and compressor processes are isentropic. 3. There are no pressure drops for flow through the heat exchangers. 4. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. 5. The working fluid is air modeled as an ideal gas. 6. Specific heat is assumed to be constant.
s (T ) =
0 T
'
c p (T ) T
dT
(T T ) (T2 T1 ) = 1 T4 T1 = 3 4
T3 T2 T3 T2
= 1
(R )
p
( 1) /
T3 Rp = T1
2( 1)
T2 = T4 = T1T3
Regenerator effectiveness
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Moran and Shapiro (2006)
around 60-80%
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Other Cycles
Ericsson Cycle
Stirling Cycle
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Numerical Problem
Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa, 300K and is compressed to 1000 kPa. The temperature at the inlet to the first turbine stage is 1400 K. The expansion takes place isentropically in two stages, with reheat to 1400 K between the stages at a constant pressure of 300 kPa. A regenerator having an effectiveness of 70% is also incorporated in the cycle. Determine the thermal efficiency. Consider an isentropic efficiency of 85% for each turbine.
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Numerical Problem
A regenerative gas turbine with intercooling and reheat operates at steady state. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa, 300 K with a mass flow rate of 5.807 kg/s. The pressure ratio across the two-stage compressor is 10. The pressure ratio across the two-stage turbine is also 10. The intercooler and reheater each operate at 300 kPa. At the inlets to the turbine stages, the temperature is 1400 K. The temperature at the inlet to the second compressor stage is 300 K. The isentropic efficiency of each compressor and turbine stage is 80%. The regenerator effectiveness is 80%. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the back work ratio, (c) the net power developed, in kW.
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Air enters a turbojet engine at 0.8 bar, 240 K, and an inlet velocity of 1000 km/h (278 m/s). The pressure ratio across the compressor is 8. The turbine inlet temperature is 1200 K and the pressure at the nozzle exit is 0.8 bar. The work developed by the turbine equals the compressor work input. The diffuser, compressor, turbine, and nozzle processes are isentropic, and there is no pressure drop for flow through the combustor. For operation at steady state, determine the velocity at the nozzle exit and the pressure at each principal state. Neglect kinetic energy at the exit of all components except the nozzle and neglect potential energy throughout.
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