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Outline of humanism
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Humanism

Happy Human

Outline of humanism List of humanists History

Renaissance humanism Humanism in Germany Humanism in France Humanist Manifesto

Secular humanism

Council for Secular Humanism A Secular Humanist Declaration Amsterdam Declaration

Religious humanism

Christian

Jewish

Buddhist

Organizations

International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) American Humanist Association British Humanist Association National Secular Society Related articles

Ethical culture Marxist humanism Deistic humanism Cosmic humanism Existential humanism Rationalist humanism Integral humanism Transhumanism Personism Posthumanism Antihumanism

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to humanism: Contents
[hide]

1 What is humanism?

1.1 What type of thing is humanism?

2 Branches of humanism 3 Humanist positions

3.1 Religious humanist positions

3.1.1 Supports 3.1.2 Rejects

3.2 Secular humanist positions

3.2.1 Supports 3.2.2 Rejects

4 Manifestos and statements setting out humanist viewpoints 5 History of humanism 6 Humanist beliefs

o o

6.1 Religious humanist beliefs 6.2 Secular humanist beliefs

7 Humanist ethics

7.1 Humanist virtues and values

8 Humanist culture 9 General concepts pertaining to and embraced by humanism 10 Organizations 11 Humanists

o o

11.1 Leaders in humanism 11.2 Other notable humanists

12 Related philosophies 13 See also 14 References 15 External links

[edit]What

is humanism?

Humanism group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence (rationalism, empiricism), over established doctrine or faith (fideism). Two common forms of humanism are religious humanism and secular humanism.

[edit]What

type of thing is humanism?

Humanism can be described as all of the following:

Approach manner in which a problem is solved or policy is made.

Branch of philosophy study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.

Social movement type of group action. A large informal grouping of individuals or organization which focuses on specific political or social issues. In other words, it carries out, resists or undoes a social change.

Ethical movement Philosophical movement either the appearance or increased popularity of a specific school of philosophy, or a fairly broad but identifiable sea-change in philosophical thought on a particular subject.

[edit]Branches

of humanism

Religious humanism philosophy that integrates secular ethics with religious rituals and beliefs that center on human needs, interests, and abilities.

Buddhist humanism philosophical perspective based on the teaching of inherent dignity of all human beings, their potential for attaining highest wisdom about their condition
[2] [1]

and their essential nature of

altruism exemplified by the Bodhisattva spirit of compassion. In practical terms, humanism is expressed on the individual level through action: to relieve sufferings and impart joy,[3] to contribute to the welfare of society,[4] abiding by the attitude of nonviolence [5] supporting human rights,[6] and acting for world peace,[7][8] effectively advocating the concept of global citizenship.[9]

Christian humanism emphasizes the humanity of Jesus, his social teachings and his propensity to synthesize human spirituality and materialism. It regards humanist principles like universal human dignity and individual freedom and the primacy of human happiness as essential and principal components of, or at least compatible with, the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christian existential humanism theo-philosophical movement which takes an existentialist approach to Christian theology.

Humanistic Judaism movement in Judaism that offers a nontheistic alternative in contemporary Jewish life. It defines Judaism as the cultural and historical experience of the Jewish people and encourages humanistic and secular Jews to celebrate their Jewish identity by participating in Jewish holidays and life cycle events (such as weddings and bar and bat mitzvah) with inspirational ceremonies that draw upon but go beyond traditional literature.

Secular humanism philosophy or life stance that embraces human reason, ethics, social justice and philosophical naturalism, whilst specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience or

superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.[10][11][12] Alternatively known by some adherents as Humanism, specifically with a capital H to distinguish it from other forms of humanism

Personism ethical philosophy of personhood as typified by the thought of the preference utilitarian philosopher Peter Singer.[13][14][15] It amounts to a branch of secular humanism with an emphasis on certain rights-criteria.[16]

Posthumanism "after humanism" or "beyond humanism". It has at least 5 contexts, and may refer to:

Ideas concerning the Posthuman condition Cultural posthumanism Philosophical posthumanism Transhumanism (see below) Antihumanism set of ideas, beliefs, and practices in the realm of social theory and philosophy which respond critically to traditional humanism or to traditional ideas about humanity and the human condition.[1] Central to antihumanism is the view that concepts of "human nature", "man", or "humanity", should be rejected as historically relative or metaphysical.

Renaissance humanism Transhumanism international intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities. That is, striving to become posthuman. According to transhumanist thinkers, a posthuman is a hypothetical future being "whose basic capacities so radically exceed those of present humans as to be no longer unambiguously human by our current standards."[17]

[edit]Humanist [edit]Religious [edit]Supports [edit]Rejects [edit]Secular [edit]Supports

logic

positions
humanist positions

humanist positions

scientific skepticism scientific method rationalism empiricism

humanitarianism human rights Naturalism (philosophy) secularism

[edit]Rejects
revelation mysticism divinity tradition authoritarianism extreme skepticism faith

[edit]Manifestos

and statements setting out humanist viewpoints

Humanist Manifesto Amsterdam Declaration 2002 A Secular Humanist Declaration

[edit]History

of humanism

Main article: History of humanism

Greek roots

Democracy Free thinking Greek philosophy

Renaissance humanism 1853 - Humanistic Religious Association formed in London 1900 to the 1930s New Humanism developed by the American scholar Irving Babbitt and the scholar and journalist Paul Elmer More. It was an influential strand of conservative thought up to the 1930s.

1929 - First Humanist Society of New York 1930 - Humanism: A New Religion published 1933 - Humanist Manifesto published 1941 - American Humanist Association founded By region

Humanism in Germany Humanism in France

[edit]Humanist [edit]Religious [edit]Secular

Agnosticism Atheism Evolution

beliefs
humanist beliefs

humanist beliefs

[edit]Humanist [edit]Humanist
Common good Compassion Creativity Empiricism Experience

ethics
virtues and values

Experimentation Freethought Human dignity Humanitarianism Human rights Imagination Justice Knowledge Nature Observation Personal liberty Rationality Reason Scientific method Social responsibility

[edit]Humanist

culture

The "Happy Human"

Ceremonies and services

Celebrancy movement to provide agents to officiate at ceremonies often reserved in law to clergy or officers of the courts. These agents, generally referred to as "celebrants", perform weddings, funerals, and other life ceremonies for those who do not want a traditional religious ceremony.

Humanist officiant person who performs secular humanist celebrancy services for weddings, funerals, child namings, coming of age ceremonies, and other rituals.

Humanist baby naming some humanists perform a naming ceremony as a non-religious alternative to ceremonies such as christening. The principle is conceptually similar to a civil wedding ceremony as an alternative to a religious wedding ceremony.

Symbols

Happy Human (pictured) icon and the official symbol of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU), a world body of Humanist organizations, and has been adopted by many Humanist organisations and individuals worldwide.

[edit]General

concepts pertaining to and embraced by humanism

Other humanist terms include:

Ecosphere (global ecosystem) Ethical Ethics Evolutionary Humanism Life stance Non-theistic Rationalism Scientific skepticism Secular

[edit]Organizations
American Humanist Association British Humanist Association Council for Secular Humanism Human-Etisk Forbund the Norwegian Humanist Association Humanist Association of Canada Humanist Association of Ireland Humanist International Humanist Movement Humanist Party Humanist Society of Scotland Institute for Humanist Studies International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) National Secular Society Rationalist International Sidmennt Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association

For more organizations see Category:Humanist associations

[edit]Humanists
Main article: List of humanists

[edit]Leaders

in humanism

People who have made a major impact on the development or advancement of humanism:

Charles Francis Potter Julian Huxley John Dewey Albert Einstein Thomas Mann F.C.S. Schiller Raymond B. Bragg Roy Wood Sellars Isaac Asimov Kurt Vonnegut

[edit]Other

notable humanists

Phillip Adams Steve Allen Sir Arthur C. Clarke Richard Dawkins Gareth Evans Richard Feynman Tim Flannery E. M. Forster (see in particular "What I believe") William Hayden Thomas Jefferson Paul Kurtz Philip Nitschke Philip Pullman Gene Roddenberry Bertrand Russell Carl Sagan John Ralston Saul Michael Shermer Peter Singer Barbara Smoker Ibn Warraq Robyn Williams E. O. Wilson

[edit]Related
Empiricism

philosophies

Extropianism Freethought Infinitism Objectivism[disambiguation needed] Philosophical naturalism Pragmatism

Rationalism Rationalist movement Secularism

[edit]See

also

Humanistic psychology branch of psychology that emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. It holds that people are inherently good, and adopts a holistic approach to human existence which pays special attention to such phenomena as creativity, free will, and human potential. While humanistic psychology is a specific division within the American Psychological Association, humanistic psychology is not so much a discipline within psychology as a perspective on the human condition that informs psychological research and practice.

Social psychology Marxist humanism branch of Marxism that primarily focuses on Marx's earlier writings, especially the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 in which Marx espoused his theory of alienation, as opposed to his later works, which are considered to be concerned more with his structural conception of capitalist society.

Deistic humanism Cosmic humanism Existential humanism Integral humanism

[edit]References

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

^ http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/philos/buddhist/buddh-05.html ^ http://zenbuddhisttemple.org/about.html ^ http://www.iop.or.jp/0515/ikeda_unger.pdf, page 4 ^ http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/jones/wheel285.html ^ http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/syllabi/g/gier/306/gbnd.pdf ^ http://www.buddhanetz.org/texte/rights.htm ^ http://www.uthumanist.com/2011/02/secular-ethics-necessary-for-world.html ^ http://www.iop.or.jp/1121/Journal21_Y.Kawada1.pdf ^ http://www.columbia.edu/cu/buddhism/document/tc1996.pdf

10. ^ Edwords, Fred (1989). "What Is Humanism?". American Humanist Association. Retrieved 200908-19. "Secular Humanism is an outgrowth of eighteenth century enlightenment rationalism and nineteenth century freethought... Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same

worldview and the same basic principles... From the standpoint of philosophy alone, there is no difference between the two. It is only in the definition of religion and in the practice of the philosophy that Religious and Secular Humanists effectively disagree." 11. ^ Compact Oxford English dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2007. "humanism n. 1 a rationalistic system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters." 12. ^ "Definitions of humanism (subsection)". Institute for Humanist Studies. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 13. ^ Rethinking Peter Singer: a Christian Critique, by Gordon R. Preece 14. ^ Applied ethics: a non-consequentialist approach, by David S. Oderberg 15. ^ Humanism and Personism: The false philosophy of Peter Singer, by Jenny Teichman 16. ^ Singer, Peter (Oct/Nov 2004). "Taking Humanism Beyond Speciesism". Free Inquiry 24 (6): 19 21. Retrieved 16 February 2012. 17. ^ World Transhumanist Association (2002-2005). The transhumanist FAQ. Retrieved 2006-08-27.