Charlesʼ Law For a fixed mass of gas, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas at constant pressure. Copper sulphate solution Load Air Gas molecules
As temperature increases, the copper As temperature increases, the
sulphate solution rises up the glass tube, volume of the gas also increases showing that the volume of air has increased. at constant pressure.
Charlesʼ Law Experiment
Length of Length of Half metre ruler Thermometer air column air column l (cm) l (cm) Capillary tube Air
Stirrer
−273 0 Temperature θ (ºC)
Celsius temperature scale Concentrated 0 273 Temperature T (K) sulphuric acid (Absolute temperature) Absolute temperature scale
When the graph is extrapolated to
–273 ºC or (0 K), we have l ∝T Hence, V∝T V = constant T V1 V2 As temperature increases, the air column or = T1 T2 increases in height, showing that the volume of air has increased. The new temperature scale is called The air pressure remains constant at absolute temperature scale. atmospheric pressure. T = 273 + θ