SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The news paper vending system is equipped with a loading dock where news papers are loaded by the Administrator . Also available is a matrix keypad to feed quantity loaded for vending . A coin is assumed to be valid if it lies between weight limits characteristic of a standard one rupee coin . For this purpose we use a Load Cell which is interfaced with an ADC (Analog Digital Converter) . When the coin is inserted ,it falls upon a plate where its weight is determined , after which an electromagnet under the load cell is magnetized to make the coin drop into the cell bank . If the coin is invalid ,i.e. outside the valid weight range , it is dropped into the coin bank without the paper being sent out (as specified in the problem statement ). If valid , the paper is vended along with the coin being dropped . A spring mechanism brings the plate back to the original position on demagnetization of the electromagnet . When all the stock newspapers are vended, both input and output slots are closed. The user has access to two keys . One to view the number of papers remaining and the other to display number of papers vended The administrator has access to keys 0 to 9 ,ENTER and RESET . He switches on the machine and presses RESET key and then enters the number of papers loaded in the dock for that day . Three seven-segment LED displays are used for the purpose of displaying requested data to the user . The display holds a value until another value is requested by the user . For input/output interfacing we have used two 8255 (PPI-Programmable Peripheral Interface ). First one interfaces the displays , the load cell through ADC , the electromagnet ,and two LEDs . The second interfaces the keypad and the stepper motor . 7447 is used as the BCD 7 segment display converter .(CA - common anode mode configuration)

Total two LEDs are employed . First indicates if the coin inserted was correct (vending in process) and the second indicates insertion of an incorrect coin . A stepper motor opens the dispensing slot and a newspaper is vended out , it closes after the paper has gone out .

Functioning of load cell

Coin details : A standard Ferratic Stainless Steel (FSS) 1 Rupee (INR) coin weighs : 4.85gm*

We provide a tolerance of 0.35 gm (arbitrary decision) due to wear out or manufacturing limitations . Range of weight that will be accepted : 4.50 gm to 5.20 gm Load cell specification : The load cell is interfaced to 8255(#1) through ADC . Minimum weight measured = 00gm Maximum weight measured = 100gm Change in voltage per 1gm change in load = 0.5mV The 8 bit ADC suitably samples the incoming current from load cell and outputs 256 (00H to FFH or 0 to 255) To obtain the weight in the load cell we find the decimal values we get from ADC using above values . We assume the load cell output maps linearly with the increase in weight . Y=mx + c

Y : decimal value of output of ADC X : weight input to load cell As Y=255 when x=100gm , we substitute it in the linear equation and obtain C=0 and m=255/100=2.55 . The equation becomes : Re 1 coin minimum weight = 4.7gm corresponding Y=2.55x4.5=11.475~ 11d = 0BH = 00001011b Re 1 coin minimum weight = 5.0gm corresponding Y=2.55x5.2 = 13.26 ~ 13d = 0DH = 00001101b
*SOURCE http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/ic_coins_5.aspx

Y=2.55x