Ch.4 ( CRC)Ch.6~8 Ch.5,10 70~80% 2.Compare and contrast the three types of addresses used in a network.

. Computers can have three different addresses: application layer address, network layer address, and data link layer address. Data link layer addresses are usually part of the hardware whereas network layer and application layer addresses are set by software. Internet registrars assign network layer and application layer addresses for the Internet. Addresses within one organization are usually with the same first 3 bytes. Subnet masks are used to indicate whether the first 2 or 3 bytes (or partial bytes) indicate the same subnet. Some networks assign network layer addresses in a configuration file on the client computer whereas others use dynamic addressing in which a DHCP server assigns when a computer first joins the network. 3.What is routing? Routing is the process of selecting the route or path through the network that a message will travel from sending computer to the receiving computer. 10.How is TCP different from UDP? How is TCP different from UDP? The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only has a small amount of overhead added to the data that is transmitted. This includes a source port, destination port, the message length and an error control. It lacks of an error checking method like CRC. 12.How does TCP/IP perform address resolution for network layer addresses? It uses a service called Domain Name Service (DNS). This service stores thousand of internet addresses and their IP addresses. The computer sends a DNS request to the DNS server and this server respond with the desired IP address. 13.How does TCP/IP perform address resolution for data link layer addresses? It uses a service called Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) that sends a request for the data link layer address to the receiver. Because the sender does not know the specific data link address, this request is send through the whole network (broadcast) and can therefore also be used to create fast routing tables. 14.What type of routing does a TCP/IP client use? What type of routing does a TCP/IP gateway use? Explain. The TCP/IP client uses static routing because the client must always point to a single gateway router. The TCP/IP gateway router uses dynamic routing because typically it must

process multiple requests for routing beyond the single segment that it physically supports. 22.What is address resolution? Address resolution is the process of translating an application layer address into a network layer address or translating a network layer address into data link layer address. 24.What is QoS routing and why is it useful? Quality of service routing is a special type of connection-oriented routing. It is the ability of devices to give different priorities to different types of messages so that some messages (e.g., voice telephone data) are transmitted faster than other messages (e.g., e-mail). 27.What is the transmission efficiency of a 10-byte Web request sent using HTTP, TCP/IP, and Ethernet? Assume the HTTP request has 100 bytes of overhead in addition to the 10-byte URL and the Ethernet frame has 33 bytes overhead. Efficiency = Information bytes/ Total bytes (Request, HTTP, TCP, IPv6 and Ethernet) = 10 / 10 + 100 + 24 + 40 + 33 = 4.83% 26.What is the transmission efficiency of a 1,000-byte file sent in response to a Web request HTTP, TCP/IP and Ethernet? Assume the HTTP request has 100 bytes of overhead in addition to the 10-byte URL and the Ethernet frame has 33 bytes of overhead. Efficiency = Information bytes/ Total bytes (Request, HTTP, TCP, IPv6 and Ethernet) = 1000 / 1000 + 100 + 24 + 40 + 33 = 83.54%