UNIVERSITI INDUSTRI SELANGOR APRIL 2007 SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2/2006/2007 SESSION

SUBJECT SUBJECT CODE DURATION FACULTY GROUP LECTURER

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FLUID MECHANICS II KMS 2333 3 HOURS ENGINEERING INDUSTRY DEGREE IN ENGINEERING ONG LEONGTECK

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Answer ALL FOUR (4) questions.

Do Not Open The Question Paper Until Instructed This Question Paper Consists of Eight (8) Printed Pages

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KMS 2333 Fluid Mechanics II

Air flows from a reservoir maintained at 250C and 500 kPa absolute, 25 marks as shown in Fig 1. It flows through a nozzle with throat and exit diameters of 5 cm and 10 cm respectively. The back pressure pb in the receiver tank is adjusted until a normal shock forms at a location where the diameter is 8 cm. Assume the air behaves as an ideal gas with R = 287 J.kg-1K-1 and k = 1.4. A set of tables for compressible flow is attached at the end of this paper. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) calculate the velocity and pressure at the throat find the mach no before and after the shock determine the pressure before and after the shock calculate the velocity just before and after the shock what is the back pressure? find the mass flow rate.

D = 5 cm

D = 8 cm

P01 T01

Pb

D = 10 cm

Reservoir Receiver Shock

Fig 1

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(a)

State the continuity and momentum equations for control volume 25 marks flows in one dimension. Apply the equations in part (a) to the fully developed viscous flow in a circular pipe, as illustrated Fig 2, and show that:

(b)

(p r) x
(c)

( r) r

For a Newtonian fluid, the shear stress is related to the velocity gradient. Integrate the equation in part (b) to obtain the velocity profile: u =

r2 R 2 dp 1 4 dx R2

(d)

Find the pressure difference required to drive a flow of 0.6 liters/min of water through a pipe 1.5 cm diameter and 10.5 m long. Take the density and viscosity of water to be 1000 kg.m-3 and 0.001 kg.m-1s-1 respectively.

(e)

What will be the maximum velocity in the pipe in part (d)?

r+r
R

r
Px

Px+x

Fig 2

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Air with a uniform free stream velocity of 0.9m/s flows over a flat 25 marks plate 1 m long and 0.5 m wide. Take the density and viscosity of air to be 1.2 kg.m-3 and 1.8x10-5 kg.m-1s-1 respectively. The velocity profile in the boundary layer can be assumed to be

u = U
Determine

3 y 2

1 y 2

(i)

Boundary layer thickness at the distance x from the leading edge of the plate The momentum thickness at 0.5 m from the leading edge. The wall shear stress at the distance x The skin friction coefficient

(ii) (iii) (iv)

(v)

The force required to hold the plate stationary, assuming only one side is exposed to the air flow.

(vi)

If the plate is oriented with the short side in the direction of flow, would you expect the drag to increase, decrease or remain the same?

Fig 3

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(a) (b)

Define lift and drag In the case of an airfoil, how does flow separation affect lift and drag respectively?

25 marks

(c)

A commercial plane has a total mass of 80,000 kg and a wing platform area of 200 m2. The plane has a cruising speed of 750 km/h and a cruising altitude of 12,000 m where the air density is 0.031 kg.m-3. The plane has double slotted flaps for use during takeoff and landing, but it cruises with all flaps retracted. The lift and drag characteristics of the wings can be approximated by NACA 23012, data for which is shown in Fig 4. Take the air density at ground to be 1.2 kg/m3. Determine The takeoff speed at an angle of attack of 50. The stall speed with flaps The required power to maintain the cruising speed

(i) (ii) (iii)

Fig 4

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