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Summary
This example is designed to give you the big picture of AFT Fathom's layout and structure. Some of the more basic concepts will be used to build a three-pipe, four-junction model to solve the classic three-reservoir problem.
Topics Covered
Drawing the system with Pipes and Junctions Entering Pipe and Junction Specifications Specifying System properties and Solution Control
Required Knowledge
This example assumes the user has not used AFT Fathom previously. It begins with the most basic elements of laying out the pipes and junctions and solving a hydraulic methodology.
Model File
Walkthru Three Reservoir.fth
Figure 1:
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Once on the Workspace, junction objects can be moved to new locations and edited with the features on the Edit menu. Cutting, copying, and pasting are all supported. A single level of undo is available for all editing operations.
Figure 2a:
Figure 2b:
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Figure 2c:
Figure 2d:
Figure 2e:
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Figure 2f:
Figure 2g:
Reference positive flow direction Located on the pipe is an arrow that indicates the reference positive flow direction for the pipe. AFT Fathom assigns a flow direction corresponding to the direction in which the pipe is drawn. You can reverse the reference positive flow direction by choosing Reverse Direction from the Arrange menu or selecting the reverse direction button on the Toolbar. In general, the reference positive flow direction indicates which direction is considered positive. However, when used with pumps and certain other junction types the pipes must be in the correct flow direction because that is how AFT Fathom determines which side is suction and which is discharge. If the reference positive direction is the opposite of that obtained by the Solver, the output will show the flow rate as a negative number.
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Figure 2h:
Figure 3:
The Checklist tracks the models status. You may or may not see a sixth Checklist item called Transient Control. This is only visible when the XTS Module is active.
Figure 4:
3. 4. 5.
Chempak Mixture This fluid model allows you to create a liquid mixture from among the Chempak database fluids. These fluid properties are pressure and temperature dependent. This fluid model supports heat transfer analysis. After selecting either Chempak option above, you must then select Liquid Properties or Gas Properties. Upon entering a pressure, AFT Fathom will display a temperature range applicable to liquid or gas, depending upon which was selected. Note: As heat transfer has a significant impact on compressible flow fluid properties and, since AFT Fathom calculates flow on an incompressible basis, heat transfer is disabled when Gas Properties are selected.
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Select System Properties from the Analysis menu to open the System Properties window. For this example, select the AFT Standard fluid option, then choose "Water at 1 atm" from the list and click the Add to Model button. The properties for AFT Standard water are given only as a function of temperature. Enter 21 C in the temperature box, click the Calculate Properties button and click OK. Open the checklist once more or observe the Status Bar and you should now see the third item checked off.
Figure 5:
A. Define Reservoir J1
To define the first reservoir, open the J1 Reservoir Specifications window (see Figure 6) by double-clicking the J1 icon. Enter a reservoir surface elevation of 90 meters. You can assign any unit of length found in the adjacent dropdown list box of units. Note: You can also open an object's Specifications window by selecting the object (clicking on it) and then either pressing the Enter key or clicking the Open Pipe/Jct Window icon on the Toolbar. Enter surface pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm) and leave the pipe depth as zero in the table on the Pipe Depth & Loss Coefficients tab. The Temperature option, which is only used when heat transfer is chosen in the System Properties window, is disabled. The Density option, which is not required for constant density models, is also disabled. Note: You can specify preferred units for many parameters (such as meters for length) in the Parameter & Unit Preferences window. You can give the component a name, if desired, by entering it in the Name field at the top of the window. In Figure 6, the name of this reservoir is Supply Tank A. By default the junctions name is the junction type. The name can be displayed on the Workspace, Visual Report or in the Output. Most junction types can be entered into a custom databaseallowing the junction to be used multiple times or shared between users. To select a junction from the custom database, choose the desired junction from the Database list. The current junction will get the properties from the database component. The Copy Data From Jct list will show all the junctions of the same type in the model. This will copy selected the parameters from an existing junction in the model to the current junction. The pipe table on the Pipe Depth & Loss Coefficients tab allows you to specify entrance and exit loss factors for each pipe connected to the reservoir (in this case there is one). You can enter standard losses by selecting the option buttons at the right. The default selection is the Custom option with loss factors specified as zero. To later change the loss factors, click within the pipe table and enter the loss. You can also specify a depth for the pipe. The Optional tab allows you to enter different types of optional data. You can select whether the junction number, name, or both are displayed on the Workspace. Some junction types also allow you to specify an initial pressure as well as other junction specific-data. The junction icon graphic can be changed, as can the size of the icon. Design factors can be entered for most junctions, which are applied to the pressure loss calculations for the junction in order to give additional safety margin to the model. Each junction has a tab for notes, allowing you to enter text describing the junction or documenting any assumptions. The highlight feature displays all the required information in the Specifications window in light blue. The highlight is on by default. You can toggle the highlight off and on by double-clicking anywhere in the window or by pressing the F2 key. The highlight feature can also be turned on or off by selecting it on the Options menu. Click OK. If Show Object Status is turned on, you should see the J1 ID number turn black again, telling you that J1 is now completely defined.
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Figure 6:
The Inspection feature You can check the input parameters for J1 quickly, in read-only fashion, by using the Inspection feature. Position the mouse pointer on J1 and hold down the right mouse button. An information box appears, as shown in Figure 7. Inspecting is a faster way of examining the input in an object than opening the Specifications window.
Figure 7:
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Figure 8:
C. Define Pipe P1
Data for pipes and junctions can be entered in any order. In this example, we did the junctions first. The next step is to define all the pipes. To open the Pipe Specifications window, double-click the pipe object on the Workspace. First open the Pipe Specifications window for Pipe P1 (see Figure 9). For Pipe P1, enter a length of 300 meters, and select the Material as Steel with a nominal 8 inches (20.3 cm ID) size, schedule 40. Click OK. Pipe P1 is now defined. The Pipe Specifications window The Pipe Specifications window offers control over all important flow system parameters that are related to pipes. The Inspect feature also works within the Pipe Specifications window. To Inspect a connected junction, position the mouse pointer on the connected junction's ID number and hold down the right mouse button. This is helpful when you want to quickly check the properties of connecting objects. (You can also use this feature in junction Specifications windows for checking connected pipe properties.) By double-clicking the connected junction number, you can jump directly to the junction's Specifications window. Or you can click the Jump button to jump to any other part of your model.
Figure 9:
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Figure 10:
Figure 11:
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Figure 12:
Figure 13:
The Visual Report Control window selects content for the Visual Report window, which integrates results with model layout
Figure 14:
The Visual Report window displays output data on the input schematic. It also can operate in "Input Mode" where it displays input data.
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Figure 15:
Figure 16:
Conclusion
You have now used AFT Fathom's five Primary Windows to build a simple model. Review the rest of this Users Guide for more detailed information on each of the windows and functions.
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