6.

Balance the following equations (Note: the exercises cannot be done until the topics of naming and formula writing of compounds have been learned.) a. iron(III) hydroxide + sulfuric acid iron(III) sulfate + water b. calcium carbonate + nitric acid calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide c. phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium phosphate + water d. silver nitrate + cupric chloride barium carbonate + ammonium nitrate e. barium nitrate + ammonium carbonate barium carbonate + ammonium nitrate 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 6H2O CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 Fe2(SO4)3 +

H3PO4 + 3NaOH

Na3PO4 + 3H2

2Ag NO3 + CuCl2 Cu(NO3)

2AgCl +

Ba(NO3)2 + (NH4)2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NH4NO3

f. lead(II) chloride + nitric acid PbCl2 + 2HNO3 lead(II) nitrate + hydrogen chloride g. magnesium chloride + ammonium carbonate ammonium chloride + magnesium carbonate h. mercurous nitrate + sodium chloride mercurous chloride + sodium nitrate i. barium nitrate + sodium hydroxide barium hydroxide + sodium nitrate j. iron + sulfur ferrous sulfide

Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl

MgCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 MgCO3

2NH4Cl +

Hg2(NO3)2 + 2NaCl 2NaNO3

Hg2Cl2 +

Ba(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Ba(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

Fe + S

FeS

k. aluminum + nitric acid aluminum nitrate + hydrogen

2(Al + 3HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + (3/2)H2) 2Al + 6HNO3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2 CaCl2 + H2

l. calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid CaO + 2HCl calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid m. stannic nitrate + potassium sulfate stannic sulfate + potassium nitrate n. mercurous oxide +oxygen mercury

Sn(NO3)4 + 2K2SO4 Sn (SO4)2 + 4KNO3

2(Hg2O Hg + (1/2)O2) 2Hg2O 2Hg + O2 2LiCl + Pb(NO3)2 PbCl2 + 2LiNO3

o. lithium chloride + plumbous nitrate plumbous chloride +lithium nitrate p. calcium + aluminum chloride calcium chloride + aluminum q. nitric acid + aluminum hydroxide aluminum nitrate + water

3Ca + 2AlCl3

3CaCl2 + 2Al

3HNO3 + Al(OH)3 3H2O

Al(NO3)3 +

23. 6.75g of aluminum is reacted with excess H2SO4. (a) Find the volume of H2 produced at STP. (b) What volume is this at 880mm and 27C?

2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) (a) moles Al = 6.75g/27g/mole = 0.25mole moles H2 = (0.25 molesAl)(3 moles H2/2 moles Al) = 0.375 mole VH2 @ STP = (0.375 moles)(22.4 liters/mole) = 8.4 liters P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 V2 = (P1)(V1)(T2)/(P2)(T1) = (760mm)(8.4 liters)(27+273K) = 7.95 liters (880mm)(273K) 1. Find the density of a peice of wood measuring 2cm x 1.5cm x 1cm and weighing 2.8g.

(b)

V = L x W x H = 2cm x 1.5cm x 1cm = 3cm3 D = M/V = 2.8g / 3cm3 = 0.93 g/cm3 2. Will the wood in question 1 float on fresh water? (Density of fresh water = 1.00 g/ml) Since Dwood < DH2O, the wood floats! Dwood = .93 g/cm3 DH2O = 1.00 g/ml or 1.00 g/cm3 3. Find the density of a piece of lead measuring 5cm x 30mm x 20mm and weighing 336g. 30mm = 3cm and 20mm = 2cm V = 5cm x 3cm x 2cm = 30cm3 D = M/V = 336g/30cm3 = 11.2 g/cm3 4. Find the density of a sugar solution having a 15g mass and a 13.5ml volume. D = M/V = 15g/13.5ml = 1.11 g/ml 5. 100,000ml of a gas weighs .02g. Find the density of the gas. 100,00 ml = 100 D = g/ = .02g/100 = 0.0002 g/ 6. A solid aluminum cylinder has a diameter of 3.0cm and a height of 6cm. The cylinder weighs 114.5g. Find the density. (i.e. V = pr 2h for cylinders.) V = pr2h = (3.14)(3cm/2)2 (6cm) = 42.39cm3 D = M/V = 114.5g/42.39cm3 = 2.7 g/cm3 7. What is the mass of a piece of metal which has a density of 6 g/cm 3 and a volume of 8cm3? D = M/V M = DV = (6 g/cm3)(8cm3) = 48g 8. What is the volume of a solution which has a density of 1.2 g/ml and a

mass of 5g? D = M/V

9. 10gof H2O at 4C has a 10ml volume while the same weight of H2O at 98C has a volume of 10.05ml. a. Calculate the density of H2O at the 2 temperatures. 4C: D 4C = 10g/10ml = 1.00 g/ml 98C: D 98C = 10g/10.05ml = 0.995 g/ml

b. State a general relationship between temperatures, volume, and density.

When a substance is heated, it expands (V ). Since mass is unchanged, the fraction M/V decreases (or D decreases).

10. A rock has a 3.2 g/cm3 density and weighs 20g. What is the rocks volume? D = M/V

18. Fill out the table below: Element Iron Mercury Tin Lead Copper Ion Fe2+ Fe3+ Hg22+ Hg2+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Pb2+ Pb4+ Cu1+ Cu2+ Ion Name (Give two) Ferrous, Iron(II) Ferric, Iron(III) Mercurous, Mercury(I) Mercuric, Mercury(II) Stannous, Tin(II) Stannic, Tin(IV) Plumbous, Lead(II) Plumbic, Lead(IV) Cuprous, Copper(I) Cupric, Copper(II)

4. Find the # oxygen atoms present in 20g of each of the following # moles CO = = .71 moles =

1 mole CO 1 mole C and 1 mole O .71 moles CO .71 moles O # O atoms = (.71 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 4.26 x 1023 atoms MW CO2 = # moles CO2 = = 44g/mole = .45 moles

1 mole CO2 1 mole C atoms and 2 moles O atoms .45 Moles CO2 2(.45 moles) = .90 moles O atoms # O atoms = (.90 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 5.4 x 1023 atoms MW H2O = 2(1g) + 1(16g) = 18g/mole # moles H2O = = 1.1 moles

1 mole H2O 2 moles H atoms and 1 mole O atoms 1.1 moles H2O 1.1 moles O atoms # O atoms = (1.1 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 6.6 x 1023 atoms MW Al2(SO4)3 = = 54g + 96g + 192g = 342g/mole Moles Al2(SO4)3 = 1 mole Al2(SO4)3 = .059 moles 12 moles O atoms (12 moles)(.059 moles)

.059 moles Al2(SO4)3 = .70 moles O

# O atoms = (.70 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 4.2 x 1023 atoms 5. 320g of Bromine molecules contains how many

a) molecules?

MW Br2 = 2(80g) = 160g/mole # moles Br2 = 2 moles

# Br2 molecules = (2 moles)(6 x 1023 molecules/mole) = 12 x 1023 molecules = 1.2 x 1024 molecules b) atoms? 1 mole Br2 molecules 2 moles Br atoms

# Br atoms = (2 atoms/mole)(1.2 x 1024 molecule) = 2.4 x 1024 atoms 6. Find the # of each atom present in a 77.5g sample of Ca3(PO4)2. MW Ca3(PO4)2 = = 120g + 62g + 128g = 310g/mole # moles Ca3(PO4)2 = 1 mole Ca3(PO4)2 8 moles O atoms = .25 moles 3 moles Ca atoms, 2 moles P atoms and

.25 moles Ca3(PO4)2 3(.25) = .75 moles Ca, 2(.25) = .5 moles P, and 8(.25) = 2 moles O # Ca atoms = (.75 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 4.5 x 1023 atoms # P atoms = (.5 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 3 x 1023 atoms # O atoms = (2 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 12 x 1023 = 1.2 x 1024 atoms 7. Find the grams of each atom present in the sample of Ca3(PO4)2 from question 6. #g Ca = (.75 moles)(40g/mole) = 30g Ca #g P = (.5 moles)(31g/mole) = 15.5g P #g O = (2 moles)(16g/mole) = 32g O 8.a) Find the # nitrogen and oxygen atoms present in a 23g sample of N2O4. MW N2O4 = # moles N2O4 = 1 mole N2O4 = 28g + 64g = 92 g/mole = .25 mole 2 moles N and 4 moles O

.25 moles N2O4

2(.25) = .5 moles N and 4(.25) = 1 mole O

# N atoms = (.5 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 3 x 1023 N atoms # O atoms = (1 mole)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 6 x 1023 O atoms 8.b) Find the #g of each atom. #g N = (.5 moles)(14 g/mole) = 7g N #g O = (1 mole)(16 g/mole) = 16g O 9.a) Find the # oxygen atoms in 284g of P2O5. MW P2O5 = # moles P2O5 = = 62g + 80g = 142 g/mole = 2 moles

1 mole P2O5 5 moles O 2 moles P2O5 2(5 moles O) = 10 moles O # O atoms = (10 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 60 x 1023 atoms = 6 x 1024 atoms

13. Find the molecular weight of Molecular Weight (MW) = #g/# moles a) A molecule for which 3 moles weigh 180g. b) A molecule for which 0.5 moles weigh 150g. c) A molecule for which 2 moles weigh 80g. 14. Consider the reaction C + O2 a) How many moles of carbon is this? MW = 180g/3 moles = 60 g/mole

MW = 150g/.5 moles = 300 g/mole

MW = 80g/2 moles = 40 g/mole

CO2. If 6g of carbon are used

# moles C =

= .5 moles

b) How many carbon atoms is this?

# C atoms = (.5 moles)(6 x 1023 atoms/mole) = 3 x 1023 atoms

c) How many moles of O2 molecules Same # moles .5 moles would be needed to react with the 6g (See the reaction) of carbon? d) How many molecules of O2 is this? e) How many atoms of O is this? (.5 mole)(6 x 1023 molecules/mole) = 3 x 1023 O2 molecules # O atoms = 2(3 x 1023 atoms) = 6 x 1023 atoms C + O2 CO2 .5 moles + .5 moles

f) How many moles of CO2 are formed? g) How many molecules of CO2 is this? h) How many grams of CO2 form?

.5 moles

# CO2 molecules = (.5 moles)(6 x 1023) = 3 x 1023 molecules MW CO2 = 44 g/mole #g CO2 = (.5 moles)(44 g/mole) = 22g

Molar Volume of a Gas

1. Calculate the number of moles of each gas that are present for each. Give volume at STP. a) 8 liters of N2

x= b) 134.4 liters of H2

= .36 moles

x= c) 5.6 liters of CO

= 6 moles

x= d) 67.2 liters of N2O4

= .25 moles

x= e) 89,600ml of NO2 89,600ml= 89.6

= 3 moles

x=

= 4 moles

2. Find the number of molecules present in exercises 1 a), b), and c). a) N2 # N2 molecules = (.36 moles)(6 x 1023 molecules/mole) = 2.16 x 1023 molecules # H2 molecules = (6 moles)(6 x 1023 molecules/mole) = 36 x 1023 molecules = 3.6 x 1024 molecules # CO molecules = (.25 moles)(6 x 1023 molecules/mole) = 1.5 x 1023 molecules

b) H2

c) CO

3. Four moles of N2O5 gas will occupy what volume at STP.

x=

= 89.6

4. 1.5 moles of NH3 gas will occupy what volume at STP.

x=

= 33.6

5. How many grams of Cl2 gas are present in 11.2 liters of gas at STP?

x= = .5 moles MW Cl2 = 2(35.5) = 71 g/mole #g Cl2 = (MW)(moles) = (71 g/mole)(.5 moles) = 35.5g 6. How many grams of NH3 gas are present in 44.8 liters of the gas at STP?

x= = 2 moles MW NH3 = 14 + 3(1) = 17 g/mole #g NH3= (MW)(moles) = (17 g/mole)(2 moles) = 34g 7. 2.5g of a gas occupies 4 liters at STP. Find the molecular weight of the gas.

x=

= 14g = MW

8. 1.25g of a gas occupies 2.5 liters at STP. Find the molecular weight of the gas.

x=

= 11.2g = MW

9. A gas has a density of 1.75g/l at STP. Find its molecular weight.

x=

= 39.2g = MW

10. A gas has a density of 2.75g/l at STP. Find its molecular weight.

x=

= 61.6g = MW

11. Calculate the density of the following gases at STP: a) SO2

MW SO2 = = 64 g/mole 1 mole = 22.4 D = 64g/22.4 = 2.9 g/

b) O3

MW = O3 = = 48 g/mole D = 48g/22.4 = 2.1 g/

c) PCl5

MW PCl5 = = 208.5 g/mole D = 208.5g/22.4 = 9.3 g/

12. Calculate the volume (in liters and milliliters) occupied by each of the following gases at STP: a) 14g of N2 MW N2 = 2(14) = 28 g/mole

x= x = 11.2 = 11,200ml b) 528g of UF6

MW UF6 =

= 352 g/mole

x= x = 33.6 = 33,600ml c) 90g of H2O

MW H2O =

= 18 g/mole

x= x = 112 = 112,000ml

Percent Composition Problems

1. Find the percent composition of the following compounds: a. KBr Atomic Weights: K=39 Br=80 MW: 39 + 80 = 119g/mole %K = (39/119) x 100 = 32.8% %Br = (80/119) 100 = 67.2% b. MgCO3 Atomic Weights: Mg=24 C=12 O=16 MW: 24 + 12 + 3(36) = 84g/mole %Mg = (24/84) x 100 = 26.8% %C = (12/84) x 100 = 14.3% %O = (48/84 ) x 100 = 57.1% c. Ca3(PO4)2 Atomic Weights: Ca=40 P=31 O=16 MW: 3(40) + 2(31) + 8(16) = 310g/moles %C = (120/310) x 100 = 38.7% %P = (62/310) x 100 = 20% %O = (128/310) x 100 = 41. 3% d. CO2 Atomic Weights: C=12 O=16 MW =12 + 2(16) = 44g/moles %C = (12/44) x 100 = 27.3% %O = (32/44 ) x 100 = 72.7% e. CO Atomic Weight: C=12 O=16 MW: 12 + 16 = 32g/mole %C = (12/28) x 100 = 42.9% %0 = (16/28 ) x 100 = 57.1%

f. C11H22O11

Atomic Weights: C=12 H=1 O=16 MW: 11(12) + 22(1) + 11(16) = 330g/mo. %C = (132/330) x 100 = 40% %H = (22/330) x 100 = 6.7% %O = (176/330) x 100 = 53.3%

2. Find the percent H2O in each hydrate: a. CaSO4 2H2O Atomic Weights: Ca=40 S=32 O=16 H2O=18 MW: 40 + 32 + 4(16) + 218) = 172g/mole %H2O = (36/127) x 100 = 20.9% b. NiSO4 6H2O Atomic Weights: Ni=59 S=32 O=16 H2O=18 MW: 59 + 32 + 4(16) + 6(18) = 263g/mole %H2O = (108/263) x 100 = 41.0% c. Na2SO4 10H2O Atomic Weights: Na=23 S=32 O=16 H2O=18 MW: 2(23) + 32 + 4(16) + 10(18) = 322g/mole %H2O = (180/322) x 100 = 55.9% 3. Find the percent of each element in CaCl2.2H2O. Atomic Weights: Ca=40 Cl=35.5 H=1 O=16 MW: 40 + 2(35.5) + 4(1) + 2(16) = 147g/mole %Ca = (40/147) x 100 = 27.2% %Cl = (71/147) x 100 = 48.3% % H = (4/147 ) x 100 = 2.7% %O = (32/147) x 100 = 21.8% 4. Find the percent oxygen in Na2SO4 10H2O. Atomic Weights: Na=23 S=32 O=16 H=1 MW: 2(23) + 1(32) + 14(16) + 20(1) = 322g/m %O = ((14 x 16)/322) x 100 = (224/322) x 100 =

69.6% 5. A 10g sample of CO2 contains (a) how many grams of oxygen? (b) how many oxygen atoms? Use the percent composition of CO2 to solve this problem. a. Find grams of oxygen: Atomic Weights: C=12 O=16 MW: 12 + 2(16) = 44g/mole %O = ((2 x 16)/44) x 100 = (32/44) x 100 = 72.7% gO = 10g x .727 = 72.7gO b. Find number of oxygen moles of O = (7.27/16g per mole) = 0.45 moles atoms: atoms = (.45 mole) x (6 x 1023 atoms per mole) = 2.7 x 1023 atoms 6. A 90g sample of glucose (C6H12O6) contains how many grams of oxygen? Atomic weights: C=12 H=1 O=16 MW: = 6(12) + 12(1) + 6(16) = 180g/mole %O = ((6 x 16)/180) x 100 = 53.34% gO = (.533) x 90g = 48gO

Empirical & Molecular Formulas

1. Find empirical formulas for the compounds containing the following percentages of each element. Use these atomic weights: Li=7 Br=80 K=39 S=32 Mg=24 C=12 O=16 Ca=40 Sc=45 In all problems in which percentages of each element are given, because all the percentages of the elements in a compound add up to 100%, simply assume a 100g sample, then the weight of each element is the same as the percent. Calculate the moles of each element as: moles = grams/atomic weight.

a. 8.04 percent lithium, 91.96 percent bromide

b. 70.9 percent potassium, 29.1 percent sulfur

c. 28.6 percent magnesium, 14.3 percent carbon, 57.1 percent oxygen

d. 29.4 percent calcium, 23.5 percent sulfur, 47.1 percent oxygen

e. 65.2 percent scandium, 34.8 percent oxygen

f. 42.9 percent carbon, 57.1 percent oxygen

2. A 20g sample of a hydrate of nickel sulfate (NiSO4) lost 9.63g of water when heated. Determine the hydrates formula.

3. A hydrate containing copper, sulfur, oxygen, and water lost 9g upon heating. Originally the hydrate had weighed 25g. Analysis of the anhydrous substance revealed that the 6.4g of Cu, 3.2g of S, and 6.4g of O were present. Find the formula of the hydrate.

4. When heated in the presence of oxygen, 12g of the magnesium forms and oxide weighing 20g. Find the empirical formula of the oxide formed.

5. A sample of gas occupies 2.0 liters at STP. The sample contains 2.143g of carbon and 0.358g of hydrogen. Find the empirical and molecular formulas of the gas.

6. A compound was found to contain 55.2 percent xenon and 44.8 percent chlorine. Find the empirical formula.

7. Find the empirical and molecular formulas for the compounds given below. Atomic weights: C=12 H=1 O=16 N=14 Cl=35.5 a. 51.28 percent C, 9.40 percent H, 27.35 percent O, 11.97 percent N, MW=234

b. 33.18 percent C, 4.60 percent H, 29.49 percent O, 32.72 percent Cl, MW=108.5

c. 45.71 percent C, 10.48 percent H, 30.48 percent O, 13.3 percent N, MW=210

d. 40.00 percent C, 6.67 percent H, 53.33 percent O, MW=330

8. A 10g sample of a compound contains 4.00g C, 0.667g H, and 5.33g O. Find the empirical and molecular formulas. The MW is 180 amu.

Chemical Equations
Balance the following equations: 1. Combination a. C + O2 b. H2 + Cl2 c. I2 + Br2 d. Fe + S e. Mg + N2 f. Fe + O2 CO2 HCl IBr Fe2S3 Mg3N2 Fe2O3 C + O2 H2 + Cl2 I2 + Br2 2Fe + 3S 3Mg + N2 CO2 2HCl 2IBr Fe2S3 Mg3N2

2(2Fe + (3/2)O2 Fe2O3) 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

2. Decomposition a. SO3 S + O2 2(SO3 S + (3/2)O2) 2SO3 2S + 3O2 2(KNO3 KNO2 + (1/2)O2) 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 2(HgO Hg + (1/2)O2) 2HgO 2Hg + O2 2(H2O H2 + (1/2)O2) 2H2O 2H2 + O2 2(H2O2 H2O + (1/2)O2) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 2(NO2 (1/2)N2 + O2) 2NO2 N2 + 2O2 Na2SO4 + H2O Na2SO4 10H2O Na2SO4 + 10H2

b. KNO3

KNO2 + O2

c. HgO

Hg + O2

d. H2O

H2 + O 2

e. H2O2

H2O + O2

f. NO2

N 2 + O2

g. Na2SO4 10H2O h. NaNO3

NaNO2 + O2

2(NaNO3 NaNO2 + (1/2)O2) 2NaNO3 2NaNO3 + O2

3. Single displacement a. K + CuCl2 KCl + Cu LiNO3 + Zn 2K + CuCl2 2KCl + Cu 2LiNO3 + Zn

b. Li + Zn(NO3)2 c. Fe + HNO3

2Li + Zn (NO3)2

Fe(NO3)3 + H2

2(Fe + 3HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ (3/2)H2) 2Fe + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2 Cl2 + 2NaBr Zn + Ag2SO4 2Al + 3H2SO4 2NaCl + Br2 ZnSO4 + 2Ag Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

d. Cl2 + NaBr e. Zn + Ag2SO4 f. Al + H2SO4

NaCl + Br2 ZnSO4 +Ag Al2(SO4)3 + H2

g. F2 + CuCl2

CuF2 + Cl2

F2 + CuCl2

CuF2 + Cl2

4. Double displacement a. Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + HNO3 b. PbCl2 + Na2SO4 c. AgNO3 + K2CrO4 Ag2CrO4 + KNO3 d. B(OH)3 + NaCl e. Ca(NO3)2 + KOH Ca(OH)2 + KNO3 f. Fe(NO3)3 + LiOH Fe(OH)3 + LiNO3 g. SnCl4 + Na3PO4 NaCl 5. Neutralization a. HNO3 + KOH b. HCl + Ca(OH)2 c. H2SO4 + LiOH H2O + KNO3 H2O + CaCl2 H2O + Li2SO4 HNO3 + KOH 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 H2SO4 + 2LiOH H2O + KNO3 2H2O + CaCl2 2H2O + Li2SO4 2H2O + Sn3(PO4)4 + NaOH + BCl3 PbSO4 + NaCl Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 2HNO3 PbCl2 + Na2SO4 2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 KNO3 B(OH)3 + 3NaCl Ca(NO3)2 + 2KOH 2KNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3LiOH 3LiNO3 3SnCl4 + 4Na3PO4 12NaCl BaSO4 +

PbSO4 + 2NaCl Ag2CrO4 +

3NaOH + BCl3 Ca(OH)2 +

Fe(OH)3 +

Sn3(PO4)4 +

d. HClO4 + Mg(OH)2 H2O + Mg(ClO4)2 e. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 f. HCl + NaOH H2O +

2HClO4 + Mg(OH)2 Mg(ClO4) H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2

2H2O + CaSO4

H2O + NaCl

HCl + NaOH

H2O + NaCl

6. Balance the following equations (Note: the exercises cannot be done until the topics of naming and formula writing of compounds have been learned.) a. iron(III) hydroxide + sulfuric acid iron(III) sulfate + water b. calcium carbonate + nitric acid calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide c. phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium phosphate + water d. silver nitrate + cupric chloride barium carbonate + ammonium nitrate e. barium nitrate + ammonium carbonate barium carbonate + ammonium nitrate 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 6H2O CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 Fe2(SO4)3 +

H3PO4 + 3NaOH

Na3PO4 + 3H2

2Ag NO3 + CuCl2 Cu(NO3)

2AgCl +

Ba(NO3)2 + (NH4)2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NH4NO3

f. lead(II) chloride + nitric acid PbCl2 + 2HNO3 lead(II) nitrate + hydrogen chloride g. magnesium chloride + ammonium carbonate ammonium chloride + magnesium carbonate h. mercurous nitrate + sodium chloride mercurous chloride + sodium nitrate i. barium nitrate + sodium hydroxide barium hydroxide + sodium nitrate j. iron + sulfur ferrous sulfide

Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl

MgCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 MgCO3

2NH4Cl +

Hg2(NO3)2 + 2NaCl 2NaNO3

Hg2Cl2 +

Ba(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Ba(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

Fe + S

FeS

k. aluminum + nitric acid aluminum nitrate + hydrogen

2(Al + 3HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + (3/2)H2) 2Al + 6HNO3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2 CaCl2 + H2

l. calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid CaO + 2HCl calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid m. stannic nitrate + potassium sulfate stannic sulfate + potassium nitrate n. mercurous oxide +oxygen mercury

Sn(NO3)4 + 2K2SO4 Sn (SO4)2 + 4KNO3

2(Hg2O Hg + (1/2)O2) 2Hg2O 2Hg + O2 2LiCl + Pb(NO3)2 PbCl2 + 2LiNO3

o. lithium chloride + plumbous nitrate plumbous chloride +lithium nitrate p. calcium + aluminum chloride calcium chloride + aluminum q. nitric acid + aluminum hydroxide aluminum nitrate + water

3Ca + 2AlCl3

3CaCl2 + 2Al

3HNO3 + Al(OH)3 3H2O

Al(NO3)3 +

Stoichiometry
1. In each reaction below 0.5 mole of A reacts to form the products B and C. Using the coefficients in the chemical equation, calculate the moles of B and C produced. a. A B + 2C

b. A

3B+4C

c. 2A

B + 3C

d. 3A

2B + 5C

2. In each reaction below 0.25 mole of compound C is produced. Find the moles of compound A which reacted to produce C. a. A b. 2A c. 3A d. 4A 2B + C B + 3C 2B + C 5B + 3C

3. How many moles of Fe and CO are produced when 7 moles of CO react with excess Fe2O3? Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

4. How many moles of Cl2 are produced when 0.5 mole of KMnO4 reacts with excess HCl? 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2+5Cl2 +2KCl+8H2O 5. If 3 moles of aluminum are reacted with excess Mercury (II) chloride, how many moles of mercury and aluminum chloride form? 3HgCl2 + 2Al 3Hg + 2AlCl3

6. (a) If 5 moles of Al react with 7 moles of HgCl 2, how many moles of Hg and AlCl3 form? (see previous problem for the reaction.) (b) Find the number of moles of excess reagent leftover.

a. Moles of Hg and AlCl3 formed.

b. Moles of excess reagent leftover.

7. (a) If 9 moles of NH3 react with 13 moles of oxygen, find the number of moles of NO and H2O produced. (b) Find the number of moles of excess reagent leftover. (c) If 13 moles of H2O is actually produced, what is the percent yield of the reaction?

4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O a. Number of moles of NO and H2O produced

b. Number of moles of excess reagent leftover c. Percent yield of the reaction

Excess = O2 = 1.75 moles O2

8. If 258g of Hexane (C6H14) reacts with excess oxygen, find: (a) the grams of water produced, and (b) the volume of CO2 in milliliters produced at STP. a. Grams of H2O produced

b. Volume (ml) of CO2 produced at STP

9. If 16g of ethane (C2H6) reacts with excess oxygen, calculate the volume of CO2 produced at STP (in liters). You write the reaction.

10. If 30.63g of KClO3 is decomposed by heating in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst, calculate (a) the grams of O2 produced, and, (b) the volume of O2 produced at STP.

a. Grams of O2 produced

b. Volume of O2 produced at STP

11. If 9g of aluminum is placed in aqueous hydrogen chloride, calculate (a) the grams of hydrogen produced, and, (b) the volume of hydrogen in milliliters at STP. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 a. Grams of H2 produced

b. Volume of H2 in milliliters at STP

12. If 30.75g of cupric carbonate is heated, calculate (a) the volume of CO 2 produced at STP, and, (b) the weight of cupric oxide produced. CuCO3 CuO + CO2

a. Volume of CO2 produced at STP

b. Weight of CuO produced

13. If 8g of CO2 is produced by the following reaction, calculate the number of grams of C5H12 which was burned.

C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O

14. If 22g of dinitrogen oxide was produced by the following reaction, calculate (a) the number of grams of NH4NO3 which decomposed, (b) the number of grams of H2O produced. NH4NO3 2H2O + N2O Grams of NH4NO3 decomposed

b. Grams of H2O produced

15. If 33.6 liters of NO2 is decomposed, find the volumes of N2 and O2 produced at STP. 2NO2 N2 +2O2

16. If 2 liters of N2 reacts with 5 liters of H2 (at STP), calculate the volume of NH3 produced.

N2 + 3H2

2NH3

17. If 49.0g of H2SO4 reacts with 35g of NaOH, calculate the following: (a) the number of grams of Na2SO4 produced, (b) the number of grams of excess reagent remaining, and (c) the percent yield if 50.5g of Na 2SO4 was actually obtained. H2SO4 + 2NaOH 2H2O + Na2SO4 a. Grams Na2SO4 produced

b. Grams of excess reagent

c. Percent yield of Na2SO4

18. If 32.7g of H3PO4 reacts with 39.6g of Ca(OH)2, find: (a) the weight of Ca3(PO4)2 produced, (b). the weight of H2O produced, (c). the weight of excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction, and (d). the percent yield if 12.0g of H2O is actually obtained. 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 6H2O + Ca3(PO4)2 a. Grams of Ca3(PO4)2 produced

b. Grams of H20 produced

c. Grams of excess reagent

d. % yield of H2O produced 19. 60g of the hydrate MgSO4 xH2O is heated, cooled, and re-weighed. The anhydrous MgSO4 weighs 30.00 grams. Find the formula of the hydrate. MgSO4 xH2O MgSO4 + xH2O

20. 5.6 liters of CO2 gas is reacted with 10.0 grams of LiOH at STP. (a) find the grams of Li2CO3 produced, (b) find the moles of excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction.

CO2(g) + 2LiOH Li2CO3 + H2O a. Grams of Li2CO3 produced

b. Moles of excess reagent

Find moles CO2 used Equiation: 1CO2 uses 2LiOH So: xCO2 uses .42 LiOH

x - .21 moles CO2 used Now, moles CO2 unused = .25 - .21 = .04 21. If 10g of calcium is placed in a solution containing 29.5g of nitric acid, calculate the volume of hydrogen produced at STP.

Ca + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2