This publication is based on the impact assessment report on the Paranas Community-Based Forest Management Project

(PCBFMP) submitted in June 2011 by Independent Consultant Errol A. Gatumbato to the Foundation for the Philippine
Environment (FPE). Published as the fifth volume ofFPE's Kaalamang Likas Yaman (KALIKASAN) educational publication
series on biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, it also includes outputs from the Sikal Community Writing
Workshop conducted on 17-20 November 2010 by Mr. Herrninigildo A. Sanchez for members of the two communities
involved in PCBFMP. The assessment covered the physical, biological and socio-economic/cultural and geopolitical aspects
of the project site, a large portion of which is located within the Samar Island Natural Park (SINP), a nationally declared
protected area and an acknowledged environmentally critical area in the Philippines. The writing workshop focused on
drawing out community perspective on the value of natural resources and the need to protect them.
Errol A. Gatumbato (Impact Assessment Consultant). Herrninigildo A. Sanchez (Community Writing Consultant)
Abridged version edited by Asuncion Sia (March 2012)
Cover photo shows a view of olot River, Paranas, Samar (Photo by: Raymunda V. Debuayan)
Kaalarnang Likas Varnan (KALIKASAN)
The BCSD Knowledge Series of FPE
Kaalamang Likas Yaman or simply, KALIKASAN, is the publication series of the
Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE) on biodiversity conservation and
sustainable development (BCSD).
Kaalaman is the Filipino term for knowledge while Likas Yaman is the term for nature or
natural resources. Kaalamang Likas Yaman literally means knowledge of nature. As FPE s
main thrust is BCSD in key biodiversity areas of the Philippines, this series is essential in
presenting and promoting valuable theories, case studies, site assessments and best practices
and other learning materials.
As Atty. Danny N. Valenzuela, FPE Chair and CEO (2010-2012), explains, That the
work of the Foundation for the Philippine environment on biodiversity conservation and
sustainable development has gone a long way in the past twenty years cannot be over-
emphasized. In fact, it has become imperative for FPE to embark into an appropriate,
meaningful and innovative knowledge management system in order to preserve and
properly utilize the significant learnings out of its various collaborations with partners in
key biodiversity areas all over the country.f
As a major repository of the knowledge base of FPE and its partners, KALIKASAN will
serve as a series of dynamic and enriching resource materials that will educate the readers,
in particular those involved in the environmental protection of key biodiversity areas, and
equip them with both theoretical and practical knowledge.
Kaalamang Likas Yaman may also refer to the richness (yaman) of natural or intuitive
knowledge (kaalamang likas). This is in recognition of the a priori knowledge of the people of
local communities in FPE areas of operation and concern, especially among the grassroots
communities and indigenous peoples, in environmental protection and conservation.
KALIKASAN seeks to serve as a comprehensive BCSD reference and research source
while tapping and augmenting the existing knowledge base of its partners, beneficiaries
and communities. This is the legacy of the current FPE leadership to the next generation
of Filipino environmentalists who will continue and further develop the current advocacies
and endeavors of FPE and its partners.
Coming Home
to Mother Earth

Paranas Community-Based Forest Management
Proiect (PCBFMP)
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT

o 0
ndJ 0
AJrilgfo
o
N
+
Strict PrGIedlon Zone
Sustalnable/Muhlple Use ZOIIt
Buffer Zone
.. a.storatIon Zone
- ProwIncIal Bou_"
- .... lcIpal Boundary
Samar Island Natural Park (Adapted from Samar Island Biodiversity Project, 2005)
Site Profile
SITE PROFILE
Biophysical and Socio-economic Features
Ulot River, Paranas, Samar (Photo: SINP)
The project site s terrain is generally characterized as
moderate to rugged, with steep and rocky ridges and
an elevation ranging from 200 to 300 meters above
sea level (asl). Almost 55% of the total area is forested,
consisting of both secondary and primary growth
forests that largely exemplify the forest types of SINP.
There are no site-specific data currently available, but
the forests in the protected area and its buffer zone are
generally categorized into lowland evergreen, forest
over limestone, and forest over ultrabasic rock, the
same forest types that might be expected to occur in
the KAPPAS CBFMA area.
About 37% of the site is planted to coconuts, the rest
consists of cropland mixed in bare soil and rock (roughly 2%), built-up area and road (1 %), brushland
and grassland (2%), and water bodies (0.4%), which form part of a major network of rivers and creeks,
notably Vlot River.
Communities within the site include mostly displaced workers of the San Jose Timber Corporation
(SJTC), which ceased operations when a logging moratorium was declared in Samar in 1989. This
logging company was awarded a timber license agreement (TLA) covering an area of 93,595 hectares,
all of which is now included in SINP. Most residents in the project site are forest-dependent and are
permanently settled in the area.
Conservation Importance
SINP is listed among 128 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in the Philippines, World Wildlife Fund s
(WWF) 200 Eco-Regions of the World, and the 117 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) and Key Conservation
Sites identified in the country by Birdlife International and Haribon Foundation. The island is also
included in the Threatened Plants at Kew s list of 18 centers of plant diversity in the Philippines. For all
these reasons, FPE included it as a priority area for its site-focused community-based resource
management (CBRM) program.

COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Kay-ano nga Ulot? Han gutiay pa ako nahipausa ako kay kun ana nga
an Utot River na an ngaran han salug. Akon ini gin-inuino. Akon ini gintagan
hin pag-aram Samtang nagtitika-dako ako, waray ko ini kapiho.
Han pag-attender ko hin seminar-traning, bagan nagkaymayda ako
ideya kun kay ana ginngaranan nga Utot. Dida han akon pagpasyada hito
nga salug, nakit-an ko an tawo dida han baloto nga naglulukso-Iukso labi
na kun mayda mga bangin ug kun tilikay ha mga bate nga aagian. Waray
pa hadto 'torpedoe' ug bugsay pa la an gamit pati tokon.
Damo an mga manggad nga makikita ha Utot River. An kagurangan
ha ligid han salog; an mga bukal ug bangin; katamsihan nga nanmamarayaw
ha kahanginan; mga kasili ngan tilapia ha salog. Pero danay ako mabido kun nakakakita ako hin mga pinulod nga
kahoy ug mga tablon. Sanglit nakayakan gud ako nga angay inin nga lugar protektahan.
Nagsering ako nga maupay na la kay naging miyembro ako han KAPPAS, ngan nagtatalinguha kami pagbantay
hini nga aton mga manggad. Tungod kay kaparte ini han 6,500-has. nga CBFM, nga gin-ayudahan han FPE, nakasering
ako ha akon ka-iriba nga kinahanglan atonon ta ini nga pagbantay, kay inin aton kagurangan, kinabuhi. - Nestor
Obidos
Why Ulot? Growing up, I always wondered why our river is called "Ulot," the Waray-Waray term for "monkey:'
Now I think I know why:The river must have been named after the boatmen there, who jump like monkeys in
their boats as they navigate the rocks in fast-moving currents. I shall forever marvel at their agility and skill, but
that is not the only thing about Ulot River that has amazed me.
Ulot River is filled with and surrounded by so many wonders. When I visited there, I saw a lush forest
embracing its banks; rare plants and vibrant flowers showing off their colors amid blues, greens and browns;
fascinating birds flying above, and below, in the river waters, bright fishes flitting about. What grandeur! It gave
me such sense of peace and belonging that I didn't want to leave.
But every so often I also saw decaying tree stumps and floating logs, and I realized why we must protect
the place. I told myself how fortunate I was to have been a member of KAPPAS, and to have contributed, with
help from FPE, toward preserving this great treasure through my involvement in managing our 6,500-hectare
CBFMA area.And I told myself that now I must take responsibility for making sure that our forest continues to
be protected, because this forest is our life.
Tagbaya ... May usa ka tamsi, nga
naglilinupadlupad, namimiling hin
kahoy, bunga nga iya kakaunon, kay
waray na sulod an iya balun an.
- Lilia P. Obin, BOSIS
Ungara Han Katamsihan ...
Aton kagurangan, ayaw ta hibanga,
kamakaluluoy tamsi magasa na,
kay kulang na an ira urukyan.
I
Sanglit mga kabugtuan pag-urusa
kita, an at kalibungan bantayan ta,
pinulod nga kahoy saliwani ta, basi
may haponan 'kalaw' nga maluya.
- Liezel B. Obingayan, BOSIS
Little Bird ... Little bird flies alone,
searches for a tree, fruits to feed on.
Feeling hungry, growing weary, little
bird flies on and on.
The Birds' Dream ... What
mournful song the birds are singing!
"Please harm not the trees, the
forest where we're living, we have
nowhere to flee, our home is
dwindling away to nothing." And so
brothers and sisters, let us pull
together, our environment let us
always watch over, the felled trees let
us replace, give back to the birds
their roosting place.
(Sikal Community Writing Workshop,
November 20 I 0)
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Ang Bukid. Bukid nga may kagugub-an,
ukyanan han kahayupan, maupay pagpuy-
an. presko an ngatanan. An mga puna nga
kahoy, oway ngan iba pa, nahatag hin
presko nga hangin, ngan presko nga tubig
para han ngatanan, sanglit na kasangkayan.
- Romulo B. Cabacaba, TAP
The Mountain. Oh forested mountain,
cradle of all life, a beautiful place, so
pure, so wild. The motley trees, palms
and myriad plants, wellspring of sweet air
and water for all, our friends
forevermore.
Site Profile
,
/
,.. I ....
Karikohan ... An iroy nga tuna maupay pa, labi na gud damo
nga kakahuyan. Kay amo ini an aton karikuhan, nga surundon
hinin kabataan.Aton igpananglit hin usa nga kahoy, Ginpulod an
puna an sanga nagroydoy. Ini nga sarinsing kay naghihingandoy,
adlaw ug gab-i hiya nagnguyngoy.
- Cheryl B. Socarra, TAP
Wealth ... Mother Earth is good and giving, bestowed upon
us the forest, all lush and teeming. T'was great wealth we
were told to nurture, for our sake and for our children's
future. But look at that tree felled to the ground, once lofty
branches, now slumped and hanging down. A tiny leaf
struggling to break out, weeps and whimpers all day,
and in the night it cries out.
Kahoy. May ada ko nakita, kapatagan nga haluag,
marampag nga dahon, damo nga kakahuyan.
- Ulia P. Obin, BOS/S
Trees. Here I saw, this vast valley, a verdant meadow,
and tall lush trees.
(Siko/ Community Writing Workshop,
November 20/0
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJeCT
An Kagugub-an. Una nga panahon han gutiay pa ako,damo an mga tawo nga
naukoy ha Brgy. San Isidro. Hirani pa an mga kahoy ngan damo an magkadurudilain
nga katamsihan. Mababati-an mo an iba-iba nga huni han tamsi.
An kagugub-an in hirani pa kay diri pa ginagamit an chainsaw. Waray problema
an pagbalay kay harani la an surok han kakahuyan. An salog ha San Isidro in
kamakaruruyag. Kadamo an mga isda, tilapia, sawag ug karpa. An mga tuminungnong
in diri nagkukuri kay damo pa an madadakop ug makukuha ha salog.
Ha yana nga panahon, dara nga damo na an tawo, damo na an nawawara.
Tungod han panginahanglan, an mga tawo in ginamit na hin dinamita, ug panhilo,
sanglit pati gudti nga mga isda nagkakamatay. An dalan han barangay in danay di na
naagian kay gin-anas na an tuna. Naruba an kalsada ug naglubog an tubig.
Dako gud ini nga problema nga oman gin-atubang. Maupay na la nga nagkamayda
organisasyon an barangay. An mga tawo naaghat pag-api, tungod nga kinahanglan
nira proteheran an kagugub-an ug an salog para han tisurunod nga henerasyon. Tungod
han ira pagkaurusa nakigpartner hira han FPE ug gintagan hira hin suporta ha
pagdumara ha CBFM. Dako an nabulig han FPE ha ira dida han CBFM area. - Merlita
B. Lauron
The Forest.1 cannot forget how productive and healthy life was when I lived in myoid village of San Isidro. The
trees were a just stone's throwaway from where I lived. Fresh air constantly breathed a rhythmic sound that
made the branches hum and the leaves dance. Birds of different species entertained with their sweet and
inspiring songs. Living was easy. as the land gave of itself generously. The forest and river supplied us with bountiful
food. Life was simple. but it was full of joy.
As time passed, things changed. There was an upsurge in the population that resulted in increased demand
for food. which in turn magnified the pressure on forest and fishery resources. Then people started to use
dynamite and poison to catch fish. while illegal trade in forest resources grew.
When our forest and fishery resources began to dwindle. we took it as a sign for us to organize ourselves
as a PO. and to forge a covenant with concerned government agencies. NGOs and other POs to protect our
forest and river. It was a necessary step, not only for our own survival but also for our children and all the
generations that will come after us. With support from FPE. we qualified for a CBFMA, which opened opportunities
for us to work with other concerned groups for the protection of the forest, and allowed us to look to the future
with renewed hope and strength.
An Kahoy Nga Marampag . . . An
usa nga kahoy bungahan ngan
marampag damo nga katamsihan an
nagtatalabkad. Katamsihan tigda
nagkalpag, kay bangin an bunga tigda
makarag. An adlaw nasirang ha este
nga portahan, suporta han kapawa
hinin kalibutan, tawo, hayop, ug mga
I
kakahuyan, kun waray na ad/aw
patay kita ngatanan. /nin mga kahoy
ayaw ta pagpud/a, kay sirak han
ad/aw kita an biktima.
- Leonoro C. Montallana, BOSIS;
Benedicto Cabubas, TAP
The Vibrant Tree ... There
was a tree, lush and teeming,
so the birds, they all came
swarming. tasting. Then all of
a sudden away they flew,
because the fruits were
quickly wasting. The mighty
Sun warms the Earth,
supports and nurtures life.
but without the trees the
Sun shines blazingly hot, it
can harm. and it can hurt.
(Sikol Community Writing Workshop,
November 20 I 0)
Context. Goals & Objectives
CONTEXT, GOALS & OLiECTIVES
Context
Up until the 1950s, Samar Island remained thickly forested, with about 86% of its land area covered
with primary lowland forests. Over the next four decades, however, extensive logging, as well as
miningl, drastically reduced the island s forest cover, opening up its vast timberland to human settlement
and agricultural development. Logged over areas were subjected to slash-and-burn farming and converted
to coconut plantation and other uses. By 1987, Samar s forest cover had shrunk to about 33% of its
previous size, while permanent settlements expanded across large areas officially classified as timberland.
The massive floods in 1989 that destroyed crops and left tens of thousands homeless across 36 towns
on Samar Island provided the impetus for conservation. Responding to clamor from local communities
and NGOs, DENR imposed that year a total ban on logging on the entire island. Thus began the civil
society s involvement in the conservation cause, which increased over the years as new threats to the
environment emerged. In 1993, a proposed road network threatened the forested areas in Samar and
Eastern Samar, prompting NGOs to launch a campaign opposing the project and advocating permanent
protection of the island s remaining forests. This eventually led to the declaration in 1996 of the 366,000-
hectare Samar Island Forest Reserve (SIFR) through PP 744. The SIFR was not placed under NIPAS,
although it was established some four years after the NIPAS Act (Republic Act [RAJ 7586) went into
effect.
In 200 I, DENR launched the Samar Island Biodiversity Project (SIBP) with funding support from the
United Nations Development Programme-Global Environment Facility (UNDP-GEF). This facilitated
the establishment in 2003 of the protected area now known as SINP. FPE supported SINP through
PCBFMP, one of its longest running site-focused projects.
PCBFMP started in 1994 as the Community Forestry Project (CFP), a primarily NGO-led initiative
implemented by the Samar-based Tandaya Foundation Inc. and jointly supported by FPE and the John
D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. CFP was introduced mainly to address the economic
displacement that happened in San Isidro and Tenani as a result of the shutdown of SJTC following the
logging ban declaration in 1989. It was based on the national government s Community Forestry Program
1 About 209.000 hectares of the island is a Bauxite Mineral Reservation by virtue of PP 1651 issued in February 1977.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Turista.Huwebes nga adlaw bulan han Nov. 20 I 0, naging usa ako nga turista.
Sumakay komi hin balota nga demotor tipakadto ha 'Denio' Pag-uti ko gin-istorya
ko in ha akon anak.
"A no man nanay, maupay ba didto?"
"Super anak, kamaupay gud hin duro! Inus-og komi hin damo nga mga bangon,
sugad han 'degay, kamadbaran, ginkakasiko ug damo po nga ipa: Nakakita tiwat
komi hin mga tamsi, sugad han Takray,Atalabong. ug Kalaw!"
"Tinuod ba nanay?"
"Syempre anak, magsusumat ba ako ha imo kun diri ungod?'
"Kunta pagdako ko 'nay, aadto po ito nga mag-upay nga kiritaon."
"Ayaw kabaraka inday, aada man an KAPPAS para magprotekta hini nga aton
karikuhan, Maaram ka naman nga aktibo nga myembro hini im' nanay. Maupay
tiwat nga may kapartner namon ng FPE nga pirme nga nabutig ha amon. 8is'
ngani ini nga at' pakabuhian tikang ini ha ira.
"Mayda po ba mga isda didto nay?"
"00 anak, aguy pagkadto nom on may ngani nakadakop hin 'kasi/i', ug mayda po didto
mga karpa, ug butibol:
Naghihinunahuna po hi Inday han iya igyayakan, hin tigda nagsangpit hi Mode Lina. "To hala anak, signga no 10 im Itay
nga makadi no komi ha PASu, magtitikang no kosi on amon Community Writing Workshop." - Rosita Lim-it (Photo: R.
Debuayan)
The Tourist. On a Thursday morning in November 20 I 0 I played tourist in my own town and joined a torpedo boot ride
to Deni Point in U/ot River. It was on experience that I just hod to shore with my six-year-old daughter Inday as soon as I
got home.
"Was it fun. Mother?"
"Yes.lnday, it was so much fun. We rode the rapids. moved through cascading waterfalls and a lush rainforest,
and saw colorful birds - kingfishers. egrets, and hornbills!"
"Really, Mothed"
"Yes, Inday, really."
"Wow! When I grow up,l will visit Ulot River, too. Do you think those wonderful things would still be there?"
"Yes, my dear. I certainly hope so. We have KAPPAS to protect and preserve this great treasure, and I am an
active member. And we also have FPE as a partner. FPE has always been there to help us in resource management.
They even helped us find livelihood!"
"Did you also see fishes, Mother?"
"Oh yes! We saw carps and tilapia in the river, and the boatmen caught some eels when we were there."
I could tell that Inday was awestruck and still bursting to speak, but just then, my friend come to pick me up.
"I have to go,lnday. Please tell your father that we are going to the Office of the Protected Area Superintendent
(PASu) for a community writing workshop."
Sukad Mahamot nga bukad,
bukad pinalangga, tatamnon ko ikaw,
bawbaw hinin tuna, bison dUn kadto,
hitutultulan ko, kahamot hamuton,
diri gud mapapara. Kasirom siruman
hine nga kagab-ihon, matutunod no
dow on bolan ug bituon, kahamot
hamuton hini nga bukad, ha dughan
mapabilin pirme narampag.
- Nida C. Obidos
Flower Fragrant flower, I'll
sow your seed upon this land.
Wherever I go, your sweet
perfume, I'm sure I'll find.
Darkness comes, drowns the
moon and stars, but your
bright bouquet, with me will
forever stay.
(Siko/ Community Writing Workshop,
November 20/0
Hoin No ... Sangkay kon gin-
upay tala, mga oportunidad aton
nakita, kabutangan naton diri
sugad la, kon kita ngatanan
nagbuhat han tama. Hain na
sangkay an at mga ungara, para
ha tisurunod baga'n
napapara.May panahon pa para
di mawara, makainadmanon
nga plano an at igdumara.
- Danilo 0 Miralles
Context, Goals & Objectives
Lost Dreams ... Friends if only we
made good of the many chances we've
had,we would have a life better than
the life we now have, if only we did
what was wise and what was right.
Where are they now, our friends and
dreams, the future we long for, the
future we hope to claim. We do have
time still, our dreams we will
redeem,with the right plan, we will
manage well the land we hold so dear.
(Sikof Community Writing Workshop,
November 20 f 0)
that was created under DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 123, Series of (s.) 1989 and later supported
by DAO 22 s. 1993. The program authorized the organization of forest communities and awarded
qualified organizations Community Forestry Management Agreements (CFMA) which granted them
rights to manage, develop, and utilize forest resources in clearly defined forestlands.
Tandaya Foundation implemented CFP for three years (1994-98), during which time it facilitated the
formation of two POs, namely, the Basarahan nga Organisasyon han Barangay San Isidro (BOSIS) and
the Tenani Action for Progress (TAP). In 1998, these two POs formed their own federation to become
what is now known as KAPPAS. KAPPAS s registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) was approved in 1999, and shortly thereafter, the federation (with FPE approval) took over the
management of CFP. This marked a new phase in project implementation characterized as essentially
PO-led. Also in 1999, KAPPAS signed with the DENR the CBFMA that granted the federation rights
to manage the forest resources within the project site, with a greater focus on conservation. Consequently,
echoing this new focus, the project s name was changed from CFP to PCBFMP.
PCBFMP continued until 2008, after which KAPPAS assumed full control of the CBFMA area s
management.
Goals & Objectives
The project s evolution mirrored its goals and objectives as they changed in response to the communities
emerging needs, as well as to public policy developments relevant to resource management in the
project site.
When CFP started in 1994, its most immediate objective was to address the economic displacement of
the communities of San Isidro and Tenani affected by the logging ban in Samar. CFP s overall goal was
contained in a single broad statement and focused on establishing a community-based forestry project.f
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Yono No ... Kagugub-an naton
nauubos na, kagurangan naton
nawawara na, boyodaybersidad
naton tikapara, kinahanglan kita
magburublig. yana na. Diri niyan 0
buwas pa, angay kita gumios na,
diri niyan a buwas pa, bangin an
tanan maurhi na.
- Danilo O. Miralles
Now is the Time ... Trees
nearly all gone. forest fading
away. diverse life no more. here
and now is the time to make
right this grievous wrong. for
soon may be too late to ponder
a later or the next morn. so
please do your part right here.
right now. not later. not
tomorrow.
(Sikal Community Writing Workshop,
November 20 I 0)
It was consistent with DENR s Community Forestry Program framework at that time, which, while
encouraging conservation, emphasized sustainable utilization of forest resources to promote social
equity and prevent further degradation of natural resources}
To achieve its goals, CFP identified five objectives broadly presented under the following themes: (I)
land tenure security; (2) food security and subsistence; (3) improved socio-economic well-being through
income-generating activities; (4) improved capacity to manage resources; and (5) multi-sectoral
participation in forestry management.
As it evolved from CFP in 1999, PCBFMP had five goals, defined in broad terms as follows: (I)
community empowerment; (2) land tenure acquisition and management; (3) improved economic well-
being through sustainable use of resources; (4) assertion of community rights over forest resources
through information, education and communication (IEC); and (5) partnership building. Perhaps
reflecting a better understanding of community needs, PCBFMP s objectives were more clearly defined
than CFP s, and in a few instances, were quite specific, although not always easily measurable. Moreover,
following prevailing trends in the development sector, PCBFMP was more heavily oriented toward
resource conservation than CFP was, and specifically cited gender sensitivity as a desired feature of its
biodiversity conservation goal.
As earlier noted, PCBFMP was PO-led, in contrast to CFP which was NGO-Ied. Being a follow-up to
the CFP initiative, the PCBFMP design recognized the PO members improved capacity to manage
their forest resources and their own internal organizational affairs, while simultaneously addressing
the continuing need to empower and strengthen them. PCBFMP had a clear emphasis on community
empowerment , organizational development and capacity building, themes that not only defined one of
its goals but also underpinned its other goals.
Goal!, which dealt specifically with community empowerment, involved three aspects of organizational
development, namely, (I) individual capacity and institutional building; (2) membership expansion;
and (3) installation of organizational and financial management systems. This goal and its associated
objectives were designed to enable KAPPAS and its two member POs to strengthen their membership,
leadership and institutional capacities, which are all important components of a community-based project

Context, Goals & Objectives
Goal 2, which focused on land tenure acquisition and management, called for the following management
measures: (1) Community Resource Management Framework (CRMF) enhancement and policy
development; (2) development of agroforestry and other sustainable resource uses; (3) data banking,
monitoring and evaluation; (4) 75% threat reduction through forest protection and rehabilitation; and
(5) family-based stewardship. Aided by a survey and mapping of the individual PO members farm
lots, the family-based approach to forest management was introduced midway through project
implementation primarily to promote personal responsibility and sense of ownership for resource
management among members.
Goal 3, improved economic well-being through sustainable use of resources, carried mUltiple objectives
that included: (1) formulation of a benchmark plan for all income-generating projects (IGPs); (2)
development and implementation of sustainable IGPs; (3) promotion of food security; (4) livelihood-
related capacity building, including technology transfer; (5) enhancement of rattan production; and (6)
development of income-generating activities to promote the institutional sustainability of KAPPAS
and its two member POs.
Goal 4, assertion of community rights over forest resources through IEC, specified the use of conservation
awareness-raising, constituency building, and multi-level advocacy to support the community s exercise
of their tenurial rights, as well as their effort to conserve their forest resources.
Lastly, GoalS, partnership building, was similar to and supported Goal 4 in that it involved the use of
IEC approaches, primarily constituency building and awareness-raising.
In addition to these objectives, the project design implied FPE support for the objectives of KAPPAS
under the terms and conditions of its CBFMA. These objectives were specified in KAPPAS s CRMF,
which is a requirement under DENR s CBFM program. The KAPPAS CRMF s overall goal was the
improvement of the economic well-being of the local community through participatory management
and conservation of forest resources.f It identified the following five thematic objectives, which are
remarkably more conservation-oriented than economic-oriented: (1) environmental awareness; (2)
conservation-compatible livelihood; (3) delivery of basic social services; (4) capacity building; and (5)
biodiversity conservation and ecological balance.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Dekada han Pagbabag-o./986. Umabot aka ha 8arangay Tenani tikang
ha Manila. Upod an akon asawa ngan tulo nga an ok nga mga babayi. Nakita
ko an katahom hini nga lugar. Naboyo aka pag-api han mga aktibidades parte
han illegal nga pamulod han kahoy. Lagadi po 10 hadto an gamit Umabot an
panahon, nga chainsaw no an gamit paglagadi, ug kumusog an mga panmulod
ug panlagadi hin kahoy. Tungod han kadako han kutsitsa, nahimugso aka maging
8aranggay Chairman han 8rgy. Tenani han tuig 1988. '
Dinhi nagtikang an akon kalbaryo. Ngatanan nga akosasyon in gin 10 bay ha
. akon. Kumo kapitan ako an ginpatawag ha mga imbestigasyon. Gin-angkon ko
an iba nga mga akosasyon ha rason nga waray man namon sadang nga
pakabuhian nga pwede mahiliwan hini.
Nasaydan aka nga seryoso an gobyerno pagbulig ha amon. Damo an mga ahensya nga mabulig sering han mga
sundalo ug toga DENR nga nagpatawag ha amon. Damo nga mga alternatibo nga pakabuhian an pwede mahimo.
Dinhi hini pinangunahaan ko an paghimo hin resolusyon, nga ginsumiter ngadto ha CENRO, gobernador, sugad man
an DENR ha rehiyon. Tungod hini waray magdugay an pag-abot hini nga mga ahensya pagpasilidar ha komunidad hin mga
buruhaton kaparte ha pankabuhian.
Sumunod an pagsulod ug pagbulig han mga NGO, sugad han Tandaya Foundation. Pinaagi han Foundation for the
Philippine Environment, nga amo an naghatag hin programa parte han pagdumara han kagurangan 0 C8FM. Nakag-
organisa komi nga mga parag-uma, nga amon gintawag nga KAPPAS Federation. Damo an mga aktibidades nga ginpalusad
han FPE pinaagi hini nga organisasyon. Aada an Livelihood, Community Organizing, Resource Management ug iba po. Yana
nga mga panahon kaagapay liwat komi ha pagproteher han Utot Watershed 0 an SINP. - Romulo Cabacaba
(Photo: R. Debuayan)
Decode of Chonge. I came to Tenani from Manila with my family in 1986 and immediately saw the great potential
of the place. I was dazzled by the vast forest and its promise of economic gain. Soon I was engaged in illegal logging
and the illegal selling of forest products. I acquired a small fortune and. in 1988, I got elected Barangay Chairman
of Tenani. Ironically, that turned out to be my time for reckoning. when as a forest violator I finally faced the
prospect of retribution.
Accused of illegal logging and other illegal activities. I was summoned by DENR and AFP (Armed Forces of
the Philippines) to a dialogue. I told them that all ofTenani relied on the forest for food. and that when I said that
logging was the only way we could feed our families, I spoke for the entire village. They were unmoved. but they
offered ideas for alternative livelihood and promised to help us out. Eventually we were compelled to sign a
resolution to stop illegal forest activities and protect our forest.
The government made good on its promise and facilitated assistance for forest stakeholders through
orientations. workshops. impact assessments. community development projects and livelihood training. Later, the
NGOs also came to help, and we formed a partnership with FPE. We formed a federation of farmers. which we
called KAPPAS. With FPE's help. KAPPAS took the lead in community organizing, advocacy work. resource
management and alternative livelihood training. Today. our federation is working in partnership with SINP in the
management of the Ulot Watershed.
Kobubuwoson ... Murayaw nga ~ . A 6#N/I'
kaagahon, mga huni kaupay pamation,
kaupay imo pamahungpahong, pakusga
im tuhod, igdungan an pagtapod, an FPE
asay ig-upod.Ayaw kawangi inin higayon,
bangin maurhi an panahon, kagugub-an
bantayi naton, para kabubuwason han at
mga baton-on.
- Mo. Isabel D. Miralles
----- -
The Future ... A restful morning.
birds sweetly chirping, a happy
feeling - strength, faith, drive, FPE
by our side. Waste not this chance,
later may be too late, protect the
forests now for our children's
future and the future's children, the
future cannot wait.
(Siko/ Community Writing Workshop,
November 20/0)
Outputs, Outcomes & Impacts
OUTPUTS, OUTCOMES & IMPACTS
Outputs & Outcomes
The project s outputs and outcomes are discussed below under four headings corresponding to the
main project components, namely, (1) community organizing and institutional building, (2) resource
management, (3) enterprise development; and (4) IEC and advocacy.
Community organizing and institutional building - The key outcomes under this component were
the formation of two POs in the beneficiary communities, namely, BOSIS in San Isidro and TAP in
Tenani, and their eventual federation as KAPPAS. KAPPAS, the main project proponent from 1999,
was the focus of organizational development and strengthening, which consisted of numerous capacity
building exercises involving organizational, technical and financial management.The federation was
registered with SEC, Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and
Social Security System (SSS), and was accredited by the barangay of San Isidro and the municipal
government of Paranas. Its vision, mission and goals were clearly articulated and translated into an
institutional development plan. It also had an organizational manual, and project funding allowed the
hiring of a project coordinator and finance officer to ensure the smooth running of day-to-day business
operations. Consequently, KAPPAS attained a certain degree of organizational personality during the
life-of-project. Besides implementing PCBFMP to its full term, it also received additional funding
from the European Community (EC)-VNDP Small Grants Programme, became an important partner
for SIBP, and was represented in the SINP Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) and the Vlot
Model Watershed Alliance. By the time PCBFMP ended in 2008, KAPPAS had 280 active members
out of a total of 364 members (177 from BOSIS and 187 from TAP).
There was a downside to such heavy focus on a single organization. Throughout the life-of-project,
KAPPAS operated much like an individual membership PO, disbursing project funds directly to the
individual members of its two member POs. Because of this, there was no transfer of capacity or skills
targeted at either BOSIS or TAP at the organizational level, although all members of these POs
automatically became members of KAPPAS, and some of their officers also held positions in the
federation. Going into the project phase-out, KAPPAS had a well-crafted sustainability plan that included
internal resource generation, enhancement of family-based resource management, mobilization of funds
from livelihood activities, and provisions for the development of and access to other project resources.
But it was not able to successfully implement the plan, and when PCBFMP ended in 2008, the federation
went into hiatus, apparently because of lack of funding to hire staff.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
In; Ngo Kogurongon ... Dinhi ha
sulod han aton ginsakupan, an CBFM
area aton bantayan, mga kahoy ug
mga katamsihan, aton ta hira
protektahan.lni nga kagurangan,
ginhatag ha aton, kaupay, karibhong
aton angkunon, ha dayuday nga
panahon hikakaplagan naton, mga
tisurunod mayda pa gihapon.
- Rosita B. Um-it, KAPPAS
These Woodlands ... We are this
land's caretakers, our CBFMA says
the woodlands, the trees, the birds,
they're ours to look after. This
forest was entrusted to us, so with
grateful hearts, accept it we must;
because time passes and so will
we, but for our children this land
should forever remain the place to
be.
(Sikal Community Writing Workshop,
November 20 I 0)
It should be noted that the capacities built during PCBFMP s time were not altogether left unused.
After the project ended, BOSIS officers who were also KAPPAS officers registered
their PO with SEC and applied the knowledge and skills they learned from the project to solidify their
membership through reorganization and restructuring, develop internal resource generation mechanisms,
and prepare proposals for funding. On the other hand, like KAPPAS, TAP became inactive, although it
was already a SEC-registered PO during the implementation of PCBFMP.
Resource management - The awarding of CBFMA to KAPPAS was the most important outcome of
the project, because it secured land tenure for the communities, laying down a concrete foundation for
implementing CBRM. The CBFMA compelled KAPPAS to adopt a resource management framework
(the CRMF) and paved the way for various management interventions to be introduced in the area.
These interventions included the following: (1) mapping of the CBFMA area facilitated by SIBP for
the purpose of implementing a zoning scheme based on the general management plan of SINP; (2)
survey and mapping of individual PO members farm lots that led to the introduction of the family-
based approach to forest management; (3) additional funding from EC-UNDP for the rehabilitation of
two mined-out sites within the CBFMA area; and (4) agroforestry development (assisted natural
regeneration [ANR] and timber stand improvement [TSI]).
PO members also participated in forest protection initiatives in the protected area, with 76 of them
serving as Deputized Environment and Natural Resources Officers (DENROs) of DENR. Through a
food-for-work scheme, the project provided logistical support and operational resources for the volunteers
to conduct foot patrol operations, which reportedly helped reduce the incidence of timber poaching,
wildlife hunting and slash-and-burn farming in the area. However, this activity had no clear operational
framework and was not properly integrated with the PASu Office (composed mostly of SIBP personnel)
so when PCBFMP support stopped, the operations of the DENROs also stopped. Some PO members
claimed there has been a resurgence of illegal activities in SINP, particularly the harvesting of wood for
charcoal.
Other activities that KAPPAS members participated in were rapid site assessment (RSA), an inventory
of rattan and other non-timber forest products (for the purpose of acquiring a resource use permit
I
Outputs, Outcomes & Impacts
[RUP]), biodiversity monitoring and evaluation (BlOME) and threat reduction analysis (TRA), which
was reportedly used to evaluate biodiversity in the area. There appeared to be no accurate recording of
the biodiversity data, however, as there were no documents available that showed the biodiversity
profile of the area based on either the TRA or BlOME.
Enterprise Development - From the very outset, livelihood development was a critical objective for
PCBFMP and was in fact the primary motivation for the conceptualization and implementation of its
precursor CFP. This component was therefore frequently highlighted in project documentation, which
described numerous capacity building and material support for livelihood and enterprise projects (notably
agroforestry development and rattan production) with potential to provide income opportunities for
beneficiary communities while promoting environmental rehabilitation and management. Rattan
production, in particular, was seen as a promising prospect that merited a major investment from the
project.
Besides facilitating resource protection, the CBFMA also enabled KAPPAS to access and use the
natural resources found in the protected area, a privilege not granted to many pas. The federation was
given an RUP for rattan and Manila copal (Almaciga resin), which opened up the opportunity for
PCBFMP to help KAPPAS start up a rattan-based enterprise. Working with trainers from OTI and the
University of the Philippines at Los Banos, FPE facilitated the training of 48 individual KAPPAS
members in rattan harvesting, planting, processing and enhancement. Four of these trainees eventually
became rattan production trainers themselves.
With capitalization from FPE, the project set up a rattan furniture-making plant on site and a showroom
in Catbalogan, Samar. The business was not sustained, however. Poor sales and high overhead costs
forced KAPPAS to close its showroom, and weak and ineffective regulatory monitoring led to a depletion
of natural stocks that eventually shut down the plant s operations. Nevertheless, a KAPPAS officer has
pursued the rattan production business, though the business operates as a private enterprise and not as
a KAPPAS project. By the same token, agroforestry continues to provide income opportunities for
individual members (mainly from the production and sale of fruits and vegetables), albeit no longer as
an activity under the KAPPAS mantle.
lEe and advocacy - PCBFMP s IEC and advocacy work, consisting of the production of informational
materials and events targeted at schools and communities and reinforced by similar work done by
SIBP, clearly made a mark on the community psyche. There was a remarkably high level of awareness
among PO members about the importance of biodiversity, even if some of them admitted to occasional
poaching of timber when forced by necessity (usually before the opening of classes in June or whenever
school tuition and fees were due). About two years after PCBFMPended, a community writing workshop
was conducted to draw out community perspective on the project through stories, poems, songs, chants,
and visual art. The outputs of this workshop are included in this volume ("In Their Own Voices";
Annex A) to provide insight into how the community members appreciated the critical need for resource
conservation, and how they perceived their personal role in it.
In addition to awareness building, the project s advocacy work also contributed to building up KAPPAS s
reputation as a professional organization and forged linkages between the federation and other groups
working for conservation in SINP. These groups included a regional federation of pas and, as already
noted, two local government units, the Ulot Model Watershed Alliance, EC-UNOP, SIBP, and SINP-
PAMB.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJ]jCT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Mga Sangkay. Tikang ako maging myembro han TAp,
nahibaruan ko an kaupay han kagugub-an ug kay kun
ana nga kinahanglan namon ini mangnuan ug
proteheran. Usa ini han amon adbokasiya nga
ginpalusad ha amon pinaagi han pakigsumpay namon
ha FP.
Dinhe hini nga programa, nah'iapi ako han mga
proyekto sugad han panhimo hin Rattan Furniture .
Nahibaro ako paglara hin uway nga amo an amon
ginhimo nga lingkuran. An 'Nito' nga nahihimo nga kalo,
an Bariw nahihimo hin banig. Dara han paniguro han
opisyales han KAPPAS, na-accredit kami ha TESDA ug
sumulod an DTI nga amo an naghatag kadugangan
nga training parte han paghimo rattan furniture.
Nali/ipay gud ako hin duro kay waray kami bayai han FPE nga padayon naghatag hin magkadurudilain nga aktibidades
pagtimangno han mga rekurso han guba. Ug dida liwat hini nahimugso an handicraft making nga amo an nakapadukwag
han am on pangabuhian. - Cheryl B. Bacarra
Friends.When I joined TAp, I learned to love the beauty of the
forest, and began to understand why we should try to preserve
and protect it. Forest conservation was one of the advocacies
that we did as an organization in partnership with FPE.
As a member of TAp, I also learned to clean and strip rattan,
and make handicraft using materials sourced from native plants.
These skills helped me get into furniture-making. KAPPAS has
been accredited with TESDA (Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority) and DTI, which also gave us additional
training.
I am happy that FPE has not left us, and that it continues to
undertake activities to help us take care of our forest and support
our livelihood project and source of living.
Puno hin Kohoy Kit-on ta an usa
nga puno, maupay, marabong,
nahatag landing, angay naton ini
paurahon, basi diri maruba an
kagugub-an naton. Yana nga panahon
damo an iligalista, sanglit sangkay
mag-ikmat kita, hatag han FPE nga
mga programa, aton palangbuon kay
nakakabulig manta. Kagugub-an aton
bantayan, agud pa mahiabtan,
tisurunod nga henerasyon,
ira pa hikaplagan.
- Mer/ita B. Lauron;
Fedelina I Ba/anay, TAP
The Tree ... Look at that tree,
lush and luxuriantly shady, foster
it, let it grow tall and mighty,
maybe then our forest will stay
safe, bountiful and healthy. These
are uncertain times, violations
are aplenty, so friends be on
guard, always be ready, this
program that FPE started we
must pursue, because it keeps us
alert and our forest protected.
Always guard our forest so it will
endure, so the next generations
will be secure.
(Sika/ Community Writing Workshop,
November 2010)
Outputs, Outcomes & Impacts
Impacts
An assessment conducted in 2010 examined the project according to the following four criteria:
relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability. In addition, the project was assessed in relation
to the three core roles of FPE as a grant provider, catalyst for cooperation, and funding facilitator. In
the absence of baseline information and indicators, the assessment was for the most part based on a
(generally subjective) review of the project results and an analysis of community perception (generated
through focus group discussions [FGDs] and key informant interviews [KIIs]) on the performance of
PCBFMP and how it affected the communities. The results of this assessment are summarized below.
Relevance - In determining relevance, the assessment looked at project implementation relative to the
critical issues it was intended to address. The project, first as CFP and later as PCBFMP, was conceived
based on the premise that the problem of forest denudation cannot be solved unless the economic needs
of forest-dependent communities are met. From the outset therefore, one of its primary goals was the
economic well-being of the people of the logging communities of San Isidro and Tenani, who were
displaced by the suspension of logging in the area. Working within a sustainable forestry framework as
prescribed by, first, the Community Forestry Program and, later, the CBFM Program ofDENR, PCBFMP
successfully assisted KAPPAS in acquiring a CBFMA and an RUP, which turned them from informal
forest settlers to forest managers and from illegal forest users to legitimate forest users, respectively.
The project had some initial success in making these instruments economically rewarding to KAPPAS
members, but such success was short-lived, as the federation was unable to sustain the enterprise. In
addition, KAPPAS failed to deliver on the implementation of a zoning scheme that would have allowed
its members to manage the CBFMA area in individual, family-based! farm lots. One KAPPAS officer
did pursue the rattan production business as a private venture, and a number of community members
continue to benefit from their involvement in the agroforestry project initiated by PCBFMP, although it
appears to have only provided them with supplemental income at best, rather than a real alternative
source of livelihood.
The lack of baseline information made it difficult to determine if the project had indeed contributed
significantly to any improvement in the communities economic conditions. Nevertheless, the CBFMA
o perhaps translated into a Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement
(PACBRMA) ~ remains a valid and relevant tenurial instrument that the communities should continue
to use and benefit from.
Efficiency - Efficiency was assessed based on how well project implementation was carried out,
particularly in capacity building, livelihood creation, and conservation of critical habitats and endemic
flora and fauna. In terms of overall efficiency, the project was deemed to have performed satisfactorily,
but implementation was uneven.
Firstly, as already noted, project investment in capacity building was heavily skewed toward KAPPAS.
The project was successful in developing the right skills, operational systems and procedures at the
federation level but not at the PO level, largely because KAPPAS implemented activities directly and
thereby generally interacted directly with individual PO members rather than organizationally with its
member POs.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Secondly, while the project scored some notable
successes in creating livelihood and enterprise
opportunities for KAPPAS and moreover
assisted the federation with livelihood-related
capacity building, business development was
constrained by the absence of a clear livelihood
framework and efficient monitoring and
evaluation schemes.
Finally, the project installed measures to protect
species and habitats through forest protection
and rehabilitation activities, but implementation PCBFMP impact assessment, 2011 (Photo: M. Tabao)
was sporadic and not integrated with authorities
involved in the management of SINP. There was a clear effort to undertake forest rehabilitation, but no
site suitability assessment was done to determine, for example, what plant species were most appropriate
in the area. Also, BlOME and TRA were considered during project implementation, but they were not
clearly explained and thus not appreciated by the communities, and the monitoring results were not
documented properly.
Effectiveness - Project effectiveness related to how well the project s goals and objectives were met.
Five thematic goals with corresponding objectives were identified, namely, (1) community empowerment,
(2) land tenure acquisition and management, (3) improved economic well-being through sustainable
use of resources, (4) assertion of community rights over forest resources through IEC, and (5) partnership
building.
The assessment identified the following weaknesses in implementation that might have limited project
effectiveness: (1) the final delineation of management zones, awarding of individual farm lots tenure,
and forest protection and rehabilitation were not adequately implemented; (2) capacity and institutional
building was focused only on KAPPAS, and did not extend to its two member pas; (3) the correlation
between forest rehabilitation and livelihood development was not properly established through
agroforestry and forest management, making it difficult to ascertain that there was in fact any lasting
improvement in the community s economic well-being that could be linked to sustainable use of
resources; and (4) the good standing achieved by KAPPAS in the development sector was not fully
utilized to generate and mobilize resources.
Overall, however, the project was found to have satisfactorily delivered on its goals and objectives, and
was particularly successful in the following areas: (1) land tenure acquisition through CBFMA and
rights to use forest resources through RUP; (2) raising the communities awareness (through IEC and
advocacy) about the importance of conservation and their role in it; and (3) building a reputation for
KAPPAS as a professionally run organization through capacity and institutional development and
partnership building.
SustainabilityV Like many capacity building initiatives, PCBFMP faced its biggest challenge in
responding to the question of sustainability. Prior to project closure, well-crafted strategies were
developed at the federation level, but more than one year after the project ended, these strategies had
yet to be implemented as KAPPAS went into hiatus, unable to capitalize on its CBFMA, RUP, well-
trained officers, and good standing as an organization. Its rattan production enterprise did not fare
I
Outputs, Outcomes & Impacts
much better. Having no clear mechanisms for monitoring rattan gathering and production and in the
absence of an effective business plan, the venture did not prosper.
The assessment identified the following gaps in project implementation that might have affected
sustainability:
(1) Lack of "capacity transfer" to member POs. By opting to directly implement project activities,
KAPPAS missed the opportunity to develop the capacities of its two member POs and
furthermore spent much time and energy in project implementation instead of concentrating
on its broader agenda for sustainability.
(2) Missed opportunity to focus on land tenure development and management as the focal point of
project activities. Having secured the CBFMA, the project should have invoked KAPPAS s
responsibility, accountability and authority to develop and implement land tenure policies not
only for its members but also for the other occupants of the area. The CBFMA should have
been used as a leverage to engage in appropriate and economically productive joint venture
activities with interested entities.
Role of FPE - FPE played three main roles in relation to the project: grant provider, catalyst for
cooperation, and funding facilitator. With its years of experience in administering its grants program
and its well-developed criteria, procedures and guidelines for project proposal evaluation, the Foundation
delivered its role as grant provider as effectively as might be expected. It also performed well in its role
as catalyst for cooperation, successfully demonstrating to its community partners the importance of
building multi-sectoral partnerships, and facilitating linkages between KAPPAS and the other groups
working in SINP.
As funding facilitator, FPE also helped link KAPPAS to various technical assistance providers that
directly contributed to the implementation of PCBFMP, at least for the duration of its life-of-project.
However, it could have done more to promote KAPPAS s organizational sustainability by helping the
federation leverage its strengths in order to access more resources for its operations and activities.
KAPPAS certainly could have benefited from FPE assistance in the preparation of their annual proposals,
which should have been structured more logically for project monitoring and evaluation purposes.
Some proposal writing training would have also proved valuable in terms of helping KAPPAS and its
member POs with resource generation.
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Chainsaw Ngadto Ha Crutches. Chainsaw operator ako hadto
nga mga panahon han diri pa utod an akon too nga tiil. Dako an akon
sweldo kay P500.00 an akon nakakarawat kada adlaw.
Han Enero 29,2000, mga alas dyes han aga, ginkuha ako ha
Bagacay hin tolo kaadlaw pagchainsaw hin Banoyo. Dida han akon
pagtikang pag-utod hin usa nga banoyo, sumaday ini hq hirani nga puno.
Nagchainsaw ngahaw ako hin puna harani han nasaday nga Banoyo.
Tigda nalugas an nasaday nga puna ug naipit an akon botas. Dinhi
bumirik an kahoy ug naligis an akon mukobuko ha bitiis. Mitingpiting na
la an nasalin nga nadat-ol han bato nga igang. Paglugas han sanga,
pagtumba, bumudlong ha ako an puno. Kun waray ako makakilikid kay
dara ko pa an naandar nga chainsaw, utod an akon hawak. Pagkita han
akon kabulig nga nadat-ugan ako, tigda ini nga nadismayo, kahimugutaw-
I dayon ini nga nag-apura pag-uli.Waray lugod ako buligi. Magpapahibaro
kuno hiya. An am on usa nga upod nga lagas amo an binulig ha akon.
Iya ginbinundol an bato para ako matalwas ha pagkaipit Gindara ako
ha ospital. Tungod kay utod ug rumok man an tul-an ug diri na kaya
dugtungon, gin-utod na la ini nga akon tiil.
Kasirum han akon kinabuhi pagkatapos hito nga panhinabo. Pero
apesar hini waray aka kawarayi hin paglaum. Dinhi umapi aka ug
naging aktibo nga myembro han KAPPAS. Ginpatraining aka ha TESDA ug iba po nga mga training, hiunong hin
panhimo hin furniture nga rattan. Yana may-ada ko no gutiay nga furniture shop.
Tungod kay guti po man an puhunan, gingagamit ko an akon panahon ha pagiging aktibo nga miyembro han
KAPPAS.Aada ako ha komitiba han Bantay Kalikasan ug usa nga Board of Directors. Nakit-an ko dinhe an kaimportante
han pagpreserbar og pagproteher han aton manggad, an kagugub-an han Samar nga amo an naghahatag ha aton han
aton kinabuhi.
Diri ko liwat ginhahalut an akon hibabruan. Akon ini ginpapaangbit, pinaagi hin pagtutdo ha mga kababayen-an, ug
han mga interesado ha komunidad nga mahibaro hin sugad hini nga pakabuhi. - Roberto O. Morales (Photo: R.
Debuayan)
From Choinsow to Crutches. I used to work as a chainsaw operator for logging operations in Samar. In those
days, our forests were still relatively abundant and extensive, and many logging companies came to set up
operations here. The expansion of logging operations on the island opened up income opportunities for me.
As a chainsaw operator. I was earning as much as PhpSOO a day, a big fortune in those days. Life was good.
Everything changed all of a sudden one fateful day in January 2000. I was commissioned to cut several
Banoyo trees in the hinterlands of Bagacay, where I stayed for three days, wantonly cutting the prized trees.
Things were going well, but on the third day, an old tree I was cutting fell onto another tree. I did not pay too
much attention to it, and simply went on working. But suddenly, the tree crashed, pinning my left foot between
two logs. I was in terrible pain for many hours, but remained conscious. I watched as the tree kept falling and
falling. Eventually, it landed heavily on me, completely crushing my right foot.
By some miracle, I got out of the forest alive, but the doctors could not save my right leg, which had to be
amputated at the knee. For weeks, I suffered physical pain, and even longer, I wallowed in anguish, regret and
fear. At some point I surrendered to hopeless acceptance and began to believe that my accident was just
payback for all the insults I heaped on our Mother Earth with my marauding chainsaw.
Then, one day, a helping hand reached out to me. I was invited to join a farmers group, and before them
I humbled myself by confeSSing to my past mistakes. In return, they offered support, which gave me a resurgence
of hope. Soon, I found myself learning to make rattan furniture and then running a rattan furniture shop.
I started to rebuild my life. I was elected to the Board of Directors (BOD) of our Bantay Kalikasan, rising from
despair to grow into becoming a protector of our forest, and living in the essence of being one with our
Mother Earth. And now I also get to enjoy giving free training in handicraft and rattan furniture making to
my fellow villagers.
I
Lessons & Recommendations
LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Broad Lessons for Project Development
Valuable lessons were generated from the project experience that can be applied to future project
development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Listed below are some broad lessons
that can be applied to CBRM projects.
1. Projects like PCBFMP (and before it CFP) that are designed within an appropriate policy
framework and local development context are often the most relevant because they generally
employ strategies and approaches that are applicable and realistic, and respond in a timely
manner to the specific needs of the project site.
2. Setting baselines and quantifiable indicators at the start of project implementation is critical to
tracking project progress, evaluating impacts, and improving management. The lack of baseline
information and indicators proved to be a major weakness of the project in that it limited the
project managers ability to properly monitor, evaluate and respond to changes in the project
environment and the challenges of implementation.
3. PCBFMP underscored the importance of having in the project framework the core components
of a CBRM project, namely, (l) community organizing, (2) land tenure security, (3) access to
resource use rights and livelihood, and (4) capacity development and partnership building.
These core components are closely interconnected and must be implemented as mutually
supportive activities in one implementation cycle.
4. Capacity building is the foundation of institutional development and strengthening, community
empowerment, natural resource conservation, enterprise and livelihood development, and
constituency and partnership building. To really matter, however, it must respond to the capacity
needs of its target beneficiaries, and must build capacities at all organizational levels. A capacity
needs assessment is therefore a prerequisite to any capacity building initiative.
5. Land tenure security and access to resource use rights are important elements of empowerment.
The transformation of communities from informal forest settlers to forest managers and from
illegal forest users to legitimate forest users was the single most important outcome of PCBFMP,
which the communities and the groups assisting them can and must continue to build on.
6. Land tenure and resource use rights must be properly managed within a sustainable development
context. Safeguard and monitoring mechanisms must be installed to keep yield and harvesting
at sustainable levels, address potential impacts on biodiversity, and ensure that the pursuit of
economic objectives is properly balanced with the goal of environmental sustainability. To this
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Bantay Kalikasan.Usa ako nga kaapi han sobra 40 nga miyembro
han Bantay Kagugub-an 0 Bantay Kalikasan. Usa ini nga grupo nga
gin-organisa han KAPPAS agud magbantay ug maglibot han 6.500
has. nga protektado nga kagugub-an.
Apesar han kamakuri han pangabuhian. waray ginpipili an grupo
han matag-ad/aw nga paglibotlibot han kagugub-an. Bisan pa man
daw mauran. masagka kami ha higtaas nga kabukiran. Dinhi nakon
naangkon nga maupay ngay-an an pagbantay hin sugad hini nga
rekurso. Waray namon kabut/aw.
Kun ada ka ha su/od han kagugub-an. mababati mo an konsyerto
han mga katamsihan. ug an dagko nga mga kakahuyan nga nasayaw
ha musika tikang han hangin.
Sanglit nagkamay-ada ako hin pag-angkon. nga ini nga karikuhan diri angay pasibay-an ug pag/amadyaan. Diri
angay abusuhon agud ini nga manggad in makit-an pa han aton mga kabataan. - Leonora C. Montallana
Forest Watch. I am one of 40 members of Bantay Kalikasan (Forest Watch), a group organized by KAPPAS to
guard the 6.500-hectare forest under the federation's care. Despite these tough economic times, I and the
other forest guards never shirk our duties in protecting the forest. We patrol the forest every day. in the rain.
under the hot sun. whatever the weather may be. We see the forest as a precious heritage that we must pass
on to our children and all future generations. and we have made it our personal mission to protect and
preserve it.
The forest has become a part of my life. and I find fulfillment and happiness in guarding and protecting it.
When I am in the forest, I am able to bask in peace and serenity. serenaded by singing birds and whistling
winds. and cheered by the swinging. swaying trees. Being in the forest always makes me feel like I'm coming
home to Mother Earth.
Pagbantay . Maupay nga oras ha
aton ngatanan. inin akon siday iyo
unta pamatian. magin giya unta han
kaupayan. agud ma/ikyan an karat-
an. han aton kagugub-an. Sanglit
kasangkayan aton ipadayon.
pagbantay han aton kagugub-an.
agud magmalipayon. inin aton
tisurunod nga henerasyon. kita nga
bantay kalikasan pirme
magmasugong.
- Eugene T. Igdalino. TAP/KAPPAS
Steadfast ... I bid you good day.
please hear my poem. words I
have to say; May it point us to
what is good. that danger and grief
we might avoid. So please friends
stay strong. let's protect our
forest, keep going on;And when
it's the next generation's turn to
do their part. they'd be glad we
stayed the course. that we were
true and we held fast.
CSFM... Kagugub-an angay paghirutan. ahensya han gobyerno ginbuligan.
bisita respetuhan. basi an inop matuman. CBFM nga matahom. komunidad
aton paurahon. serbisyo ighadang naton. agud ha urhi magmainuswagon.
Huyuhoy han hangin. dahon malipayon. ayaw naton pabay-i aton angkunon.
aton sawayon an mga waray ka/ooy. agud mga katamsihan magmalipayon.
- Jimmy Bueno. BOSIS
CBFM The plunder of our forests needs to end. with government
here and a little help from our friends. for then and only then maybe we
can claim. our dreams are not just dreams because they are meant to
happen. CBFM is for our own good and the community we love. a way to
serve and a way to give back. that in the end we can all revel in the
progress that's been so long coming. Listen to the wind singing through
the swaying leaves. "Hey people do your job. stop the pillage. all callous.
careless acts. then life can go on. so life can last ... Forever."
(Sikol Community Writing Workshop, November 20 I 0
Lessons & Recommendations
end, CBFM programs typically offer target communities the opportunity to participate in food-
for-work and similar schemes that provide immediate economic benefits, while emphasizing
the long-term benefits of forest restoration and rehabilitation.
Site-specific Recommendations
There are specific measures that future projects and assisting organizations should undertake to build
on the gains achieved by PCBFMP. Lingering questions about sustainability make it particularly
imperative that something is done about the organizational and other issues discussed in the previous
section (see Outputs, Outcomes & Impacts), as these issues could potentially cancel out the significant
progress that the San Isidro and Tenani communities have already made toward implementing CBRM.
Below are some recommendations that can immediately be put in action:
I) Revisit the project site and assess the potential of BOSIS to implement on a pilot scale the
family-based forest gardening strategy espoused by PCBFMP. Should pilot implementation be
pursued, it should be done to test the viability and replicability of the forest gardening scheme
under a well-defined conceptual and implementation framework that includes guidelines for
the selection of family co-operators. As a requisite for participation, each co-operator must
sign an agreement with BOSIS based on a family-based land tenure system and according to
CBFMA guidelines.
2) Encourage TAP members to restructure and revitalize their organization. Once properly
revitalized, the PO could participate in SIBP s ecotourism development initiative in Ulot River.
3) As a way to catalyze the reactivation of KAPPAS, consider awarding individual land tenure to
its members in coordination with DENR and the PASu through SIBP. For this to happen, the
federation must adopt appropriate guidelines for farm lot development and a fee structure for
the family-based land tenure system as part of its internal resource mobilization strategy. The
program can be expanded later to include other (non-KAPPAS) occupants of the CBFMA
area.
4) Restructure KAPPAS to serve primarily coordinating functions in relation to its two member
POs. This will require a review of the federation s bylaws and a reorientation of its main focus
and strategy, and possibly the election of new officers and a revision of their functions.
5) Enable KAPPAS to capitalize on its solid reputation as an organization and develop in-house
skills and capacity in resource generation, project coordination, monitoring and evaluation,
and resource mobilization and financial management. KAPPAS may be encouraged to
participate in DENR s National Greening Program. By allowing the two member POs to assume
the responsibility for project implementation, this may provide some opportunities for the
federation to source new project funds and develop coordinating and oversight skills.
6) Integrate KAPPAS and its two member POs with the overall management of SINP by forging
a working relationship between these community organizations and the PASu and other SINP
personnel responsible for providing technical assistance to and monitoring the operations of
various organizations within the protected area.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
IN THEIR OWN VOICES
Surok Han Katubigan ... Surok
han katubigan aton pagmangnuan,
kahoy nga nawara aton pagbalyuan,
bangin ha kaurhian tubig nga
bulawan, ha at panginahanglan kita
makurian. Kakahuyan padamuon,
tubig kinahanglan naton, san-o nga
panahon, waray na kita iinumon.
Tubig aton hirutan, kay nakakabulig
han kakahuyan, kun tubig an
mawaray, kita manluluya upod an
kakahuyan.
- Danifo O. Mirafles, BaSIS; Fedelina T.
I
Balanay, TAP; Nestor Obidos, TAP!
KAPPAS
Pag-urusa ... Kita pag-urusa,
pagproteher hinin kalibungan,
pagburublig kita. Basi sunod nga
henerasyon makatagamtam pa,
hinin bukid nga bulawan, angay
bantayan ta.
- Romulo B. Cabacan, TAP
Watershed ... Let's take care
of the watershed, every tree cut
must be replanted, that in the
end, this precious water, will
abound forever. Let's plant more
trees and no one will go thirsty,
we wouldn't dread a time, when
water we cannot find. Let's
conserve water that everyone
needs, for if all water should
disappear, none of us will ever
live.
United ... Hand in hand let's
stand as one, protect Creation,
this Golden Land, for all people
right here right now, for all
children for all days to come.
(5ikol Community Writing Workshop,
November 2010)
Annexes
ANNEXES
Annex A: Additional Community Writing Workshop Outputs
Chants and songs by participants of the Sikal (Echo) Siday, Istorya, Kanta ug Ladawan
Community Writing Workshop, 17-20 November 2010, Campo Uno, Brgy. Tenani, Paranas,
Samar
Chants
Barayong
May ada ako kahoy
Nga akon gintanom
Ini gin-ngaran
Kahoy nga barayong.
Diri matutumba
Bisan pa bagyuhon
Kay ini nga tanom
Kahoy nga marig-on.
Tubig
Tubig! Tubig!
T Tubig ha sapa
U Ungara namon
B Bulig kita
I Importante
G Guba maruruba.
TUB I GGGGGGGGG!
MAL MAL
M Mamamayan
A Ayaw
L Lagi sa
M Mina
A And
L Logging!
Barayong Tree
I planted a tree
It's called Barayong
It will not fall
Even in a storm
Because this tree
Is strong and sturdy.
Water
Water! Water!
W Water in the stream,
A Advise us, HELP US!
T Trees in our great forest
E Endangered, extirpated
R Ravaged, razed to the ground.
WATERRRRRRRRRR!
MAL MAL
M -Movement
A -Against
L - Licentious
M - Mining
A-And
L -Logging
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Vlot River
ALL:
BOYS:
GIRLS:
Songs
V-L-O-T R-I-V-E-R, Vlot River
Vlot River ayaw Iabogi hin basura,
kay madi-discourage an mga turista
Mga taga-KAPPAS, pagproteher,
mga paragbadil in dakpon ta, para
mga isda in dumamo pa.
(REPEAT BOYS AND GIRLS)
Ha Amon Barangay
1 -
2 -
Koro-
3 -
Pagkaurusa
Dinhi hini nga amon barangay
Kakahuyan nawawara
Bisan Ia kon nauubos na
Hi kami in nagialaum pa.
Kita n mga tawo pagmata na
Kakahuyan in ubos na
Diri na gud maibabalik pa
Kay an tawo in hubsak na
Sanglit yana pag-urusa
Kakahuyan bantayan ta
Ayaw naton pag-abusuha
Mga anak dumduma ta
Diri na gud man hira Makita
Kay an guba ginkaibo na.
1 - Inin aton yana pagkaurusa
V g pagkatitirok nga gin-uungara
Dinhi hini nga aton pederasyon.
Aton pa pakusgon agud
magmarig-on
Ini aton talinguhaon
Agud di mawara mga
Hingyap naton
An pagbantay han aton
kagugub-an
V sa ta nga dako nga karikuhan
Koro - Diri gud diri gud sadang pagiabtan
Mga gindidiri ha kagurangan
Aadi kita nga mga PO
Ulot River
ALL: U-L-O-T R-I-V-E-R, Ulot
River
BOYS: Don't throw trash in the river, we
say. Trash is filthy and drives
visitors away.
GIRLS: KAPPAS members, protect our
river, go after all blast fishers, let
the fishes fructify, let the fishes
multiply!
(REPEAT BOYS AND GIRLS)
In Our Village
I - In our little village the forests are
rapidly shrinking. But we keep
hoping, even if the trees keep
disappearing.
2 - Folks listen! Our trees are
vanishing. We cannot bring them
back, if people do not change, if we
do not act.
Chorus- Let us all join forces!
Always protect our forest!
3 - We can stop this tragedy; write for
our children a better destiny
United
Else they will never see trees in a
land stripped of nature's beauty.
I - We are one
United in our vision
Here in our federation
Let us keep it alive
Let us make it strong
So our work will endure
And we can keep protecting
Our forest
Our great treasure.
Chorus- Never ever harm
Our protected Land
We the pas are here
And we will always be around
FPE has helped us well
Sadang nga magbantay
Han kagurangan
An FPE nabulig ha aton
Hingyap han at dughan
Diri mawawara.
(Otro Koro)
Inin Aton Kalibutan
1 - Inin aton kalibutanlkalibungan
Aton na gad protektahan
Agud di maubos mga karikuhan
Aton timangnuon kagugub-an
Yana nga takna ug ha kadayunan
Pagkaurusa an panawagan
2 - Kamatam-is pagdumdumon,
kaupay pagkit-on kun may
KAPPAS nga nagdudumara n
kalibungan.
Kamatam-is pagdumdumon,
kaupay pagkit-on, ada an FPE,
nabulig ha aton
Annexes
And we have hope
That in our hearts
Will always dwell.
(Repeat Chorus)
Our Environment
1 - The forest that's nurtured us
for so long, shouts out for care,
and urgently needs protection.
So this is our plea and call to
unity: Defend our forest and keep it
safe today and for always.
2 - How sweet it is to remember, and
how wonderful to see, if KAPPAS is
always here, wisely managing our
land.
And how sweet to remember, and
how wonderful to see, that FPE is
also here to lend a helping hand.
I
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Annex B: Impact Assessment & Writing Workshop Participants
B.t. Project Impact Assessment, 20-21 and 24 July 2010, SINP Headquarters, Tenani,
Paranas, Samar
Orientation on Impact Evaluation, 20 July
2010
Facilitators: Errol A. Gatumbato & Salve D.
Narvadez
Participants:
Abalos, Abraham L., Chairman, KAPPAS
Bueno, Jimmy B. , BOD, BOSIS
Bulfa, Ricardo P., Chairman, TAP
Igdalino, Elmer T., BOD, KAPPAS
Igdalino, Eugene T., BOD, KAPPAS
Igdalino, Jenna T., Procurement Asst., SIBP
Lim-it, Rosita B., BOD, KAPPAS
Miralles, Danilo 0., Chairman, BOSIS; BOD
KAPPAS & Brgy. LGU
Oblino, Roberto P., BOD, KAPPAS
Royandoyan, Jesus B., LGU, Paranas
Tan, Yolanda T., Vice Mayor, Paranas
Project Impact Evaluation, 21 July 2010
Brgy. Tenani (TAP)
Facilitator: Salve D. Narvadez
Participants:
Abola, Nora S.
Bacarra, Cheryl B.
Bulfa, Beatriz J.
Bulfa, Richard I.
Cabasaris, Rosalia M.
Cabocabo, Manuel B.
Cabubas, Benedicto
Cinco, Victoria N.
Gabane, Gulio C.
Gabi, Teresita A.
Igdalino, Anita M.
Igdalino, Eugene T.
Obidos, Joel
Obidos, Nestor
Obidos, Nida C.
Oblino, Roberto P.
Oborsa, Virginia N.
Orape, Eutiquio P.
Pabriga, Eulita M.
Pomarejos, Florencia J.
Romanos, JeneUa I.
Rondina, Edita A.
Samonte, Erlinda A.
Brgy. San Isidro (BOSIS)
Facilitator: Errol A. Gatumbato
Participants:
Abargar, Elias 1.
Agate, Pablo C.
Amable, Delia L.
Amable, Gina O.
Bantilan, Fedirico C.
Bantilan, Myra R.
Annexes
Baronda, Elena A.
Barsana, Roberto A.
Bueno, Francis B.
Bueno, Jimmy R.
Calc ita, Conrado M.
Cinco, Lourdes N.
Cinco, Teodorico V.
Lauron, Merlita B.
Lim-it, Rosita B.
Miralles, Oanilo O.
Miralles, Filagia O.
Miralles, Roberto C.
Miralles, Yolanda C.
Molina, Yolanda B.
Montallana, Leonora C.
Obingayan, Liezel B.
Oblino, Juan B.
Santos, Lina O.
Exit Meeting, 24 July 2010
Abalos, Abraham L., KAPPAS President
Amable, Gina 0., BOD, TAP
Bulfa, Ricardo P., TAP President
Cabocabo, Manuel B., BOD, TAP
Cinco, Ma. Clara A., Secretary, TAP
Cinco, Teodorico v., BOD, BOSIS
Igdalino, Eugene, BOD, KAPPAS
Igdalino, Jenna T., SIBP
Lauron, Merlita B., BOD President
Lim-it, Rosita B., BOD, KAPPAS
Miralles, Oanilo, BOSIS President
Obidos, Nestor, PIO
Oblino, Roberto P., BOD, TAP
B.2. Sikal (Echo) Siday, Istorya, Kanta ug Ladawan Community Writing, 17-20 November
2010, Campo Uno, Brgy. Tenani, Paranas, Samar
Facilitator: Herminigildo A. Sanchez
Participants:
Abalos, Abraham ~ President, TAP
Amable, Gina O. ~ Member, BOSIS
Bacarra, Cheryl B. ~ Member, TAP
Balanay, Fedelina T. ~ Member, TAP
Bueno, Jimmy B. ~ Member, BOSIS
Cabacaba, Romulo ~ Member, TAP
Cabubas, Benedicto ~ Auditor, TAP
Oebuayan, Ramie V. ~ Project Officer, FPE
Gabin, Teresita ~ Member, TAP
Igdalino, Eugene T. ~ Secretary, TAP/KAPPAS
Lauron, Merlita B. ~ Member, BOD, BOSIS
Lim-it, Rosita B. ~ Member, BOD, BOSIS
Miralles, Ma. Isabel O. ~ Member, BOSIS
Miralles, Roberto o. ~ Member, BOSIS
Montallana, Leonora C. ~ Vice President,
BOSIS
Morales, Oanilo O. ~ Chair, BOSIS
Obidos, Nestor ~ PIO, TAP
Obidos, Nida C. ~ Treasurer, TAP
Obin, Lilia P. ~ Member, BOSIS
Obingayan, Liezel B. ~ Member, BOSIS
Rota, Susan M. ~ Member, TAP
COMING HOME TO MOTHER EARTH: PARANAS COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROJECT
asl
ANR
BCSD
BOD
BlOME
BOSIS
CBFM
CBFMA
CBRM
CFMA
CFP
CRMF
DENR
DAO
EC
FGD
FPE
lEA
IEC
IGP
KAPPAS
KBA
KII
NGO
NIPAS
PAMB
PACBRMA -
PCBFMP
PO
PP
RA
RSA
s
SEC
SIEP
SIFR
SINP
SJTC
TAP
TESDA
TLA
TRA
TSI
UNDP-GEF-
WWF
Annex C: Acronyms & Abbreviations
above sea level
assisted natural regeneration
biodiversity conservation and sustainable development
Board of Directors
Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation
Basaranan nga Organisasyon han in Barangay San Isidro
community-based forest management
Community Based Forest Management Agreement
community-based resource management
Community Forest Management Agreement
Community Forestry Project
Community Resource Management Framework
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENR Administrative Order
European Community
focus group discussion
Foundation for the Philippine Environment
Important Bird Area
Information, Education and Communication
income-generating project
Katatapuran nga Pederasyon han Parag-uma ha Samar
Key Biodiversity Area
key informants interview
non-governmental organization
National Integrated Protected Areas System
Protected Area Management Board
Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement
Paranas Community Based Forest Management Project
people s organization
Presidential Proclamation
Republic Act
rapid site assessment
series
Securities and Exchange Commission
Samar Island Biodiversity Project
Samar Island Forest Reserve
Samar Island Natural Park
San Jose Timber Corporation
Tenani Action for Progress
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Timber License Agreement
threat reduction analysis
timber stand improvement
United Nations Development Programme-Global Environment Facility
World Wildlife Fund