ETHICS RULES

Rule 1.0
(d) Fraud: Denotes conduct that is fraudulent under substantive or procedural law of the applicable jurisdiction and
has the purpose to deceive.
(f):  "Knowingly," "known," or "knows" denotes actual knowledge of the fact in question. A person's knowledge may
be inferred from circumstances.
(e) Informed Consent: denotes the agreement by a person to a proposed curse of conduct after the lawyer has
communicated adequate info and explanation about the material risks of and reasonably
available alternatives to the proposed course of conduct.

Rule 1.2: “Scope of Representation and Allocation of Authority Between Client-Atty”

(a) Subject to paragraphs (c) and (d), a lawyer shall abide by a client's decisions concerning the objectives of
representation and, as required by Rule 1.4, shall consult with the client as to the means by which they are to be
pursued. A lawyer may take such action on behalf of the client as is impliedly authorized to carry out the
representation. A lawyer shall abide by a client's decision whether to settle a matter. In a criminal case, the lawyer
shall abide by the client's decision, after consultation with the lawyer, as to a plea to be entered, whether to waive
jury trial and whether the client will testify.
Client decides objective of representation (usually with advice/guidance by the lawyer).
Lawyer must consult client as to means to pursue objective
Civil Cases: client decides whether or not to settle
Criminal Cases: client decides:
o Whether to plead guilty
o To waive jury
o To testify.
(b) A lawyer's representation of a client, including representation by appointment, does not constitute an endorsement
of the client's political, economic, social or moral views or activities.
(c) A lawyer may limit the scope of the representation if the limitation is reasonable under the circumstances and the
client gives informed consent.
Lawyer and client may agree that the lawyer will provide less than the full range of services. Client
may prefer because of lower costs.
(d) A lawyer shall not counsel a client to engage, or assist a client, in conduct that the lawyer knows is criminal or
fraudulent, but a lawyer may discuss the legal consequences of any proposed course of conduct with a client and
may counsel or assist a client to make a good faith effort to determine the validity, scope, meaning or application
of the law.
CMT 6: The scope of services to be provided by a lawyer may be limited by agreement with the client or by the
terms under which the lawyer's services are made available to the client. When a lawyer has been retained
by an insurer to represent an insured, for example, the representation may be limited to matters related to the
insurance coverage. A limited representation may be appropriate because the client has limited objectives
for the representation. In addition, the terms upon which representation is undertaken may exclude specific
means that might otherwise be used to accomplish the client's objectives. Such limitations may exclude
actions that the client thinks are too costly or that the lawyer regards as repugnant or imprudent.
CMT 7: Limitaion must be reasonable under the circumstances.

RULE 1.3: Atty shall act with reasonable diligence & promptness representing a client.
Rule 1.14 “Client With Diminished Capacity”
(a) When a client's capacity to make adequately considered decisions in connection with a representation is
diminished, whether because of minority, mental impairment or for some other reason, the lawyer shall, as far as
reasonably possible, maintain a normal client-lawyer relationship with the client.
(b) When the lawyer reasonably believes that the client has diminished capacity, is at risk of substantial physical,
financial or other harm unless action is taken and cannot adequately act in the client's own interest, the lawyer
may take reasonably necessary protective action, including consulting with individuals or entities that have the
ability to take action to protect the client and, in appropriate cases, seeking the appointment of a guardian ad
litem, conservator or guardian.
(c) Information relating to the representation of a client with diminished capacity is protected by Rule 1.6. When
taking protective action pursuant to paragraph (b), the lawyer is impliedly authorized under Rule 1.6(a) to reveal
information about the client, but only to the extent reasonably necessary to protect the client's interests.

Rule 1 “Declining or Terminating Representation”

(a) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer shall not represent a client or, where representation has
commenced, shall withdraw from the representation of a client if:
(1) the representation will result in violation of the rules of professional conduct or other law;
(2) the lawyer's physical or mental condition materially impairs the lawyer's ability to represent the
client; or
(3) the lawyer is discharged.
(b) Except as stated in (c), a lawyer may withdraw from representing a client if:
(1) withdrawal can be accomplished without material adverse effect on the interests of the client;
(2) the client persists in a course of action involving the lawyer's services that the lawyer reasonably
believes is criminal or fraudulent;
(3) the client has used the lawyer's services to perpetrate a crime or fraud;
(4) the client insists upon taking action that the lawyer considers repugnant or with which the lawyer
has a fundamental disagreement;
(5) the client fails substantially to fulfill an obligation to the lawyer regarding the lawyer's services and
has been given reasonable warning that the lawyer will withdraw unless the obligation is fulfilled;
(6) the representation will result in an unreasonable financial burden on the lawyer or has been
rendered unreasonably difficult by the client; or
(7) other good cause for withdrawal exists.
(c) A lawyer must comply with applicable law requiring notice to or permission of a tribunal when terminating a
representation. When ordered to do so by a tribunal, a lawyer shall continue representation notwithstanding
good cause for terminating the representation.
(d) Upon termination of representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent reasonably practicable to protect a
client's interests, such as giving reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for employment of other
counsel, surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled and refunding any advance payment
of fee or expense that has not been earned or incurred. The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to
the extent permitted by other law.

Rule 1.4: “Communication”

(a) A lawyer shall:
(1) Promptly inform the client of any decision or circumstance with respect to which the client’s informed
consent, as defined under 1.0(e), is required by the rules;
(2) Reasonably consult with the client about the means by which the client’s objectives are to be
accomplished;
(3) Keep the client reasonably informed about the status of the matter;
(4) Promptly comply with reasonable requests for information; and
(5) Consult with the client about any relevant limitation on the lawer’s conduct when the lawyer knows that
the client expects assistance not permitted by the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law.
(b) A lawyer shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions
regarding the representation.
Client-Lawyer RelationshipRule 1.5 Fees
(a) A lawyer shall not make an agreement for, charge, or collect an unreasonable fee or an unreasonable amount for
expenses. The factors to be considered in determining the reasonableness of a fee include the following:
(1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill requisite to
perform the legal service properly;
(2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude
other employment by the lawyer;
(3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;
(4) the amount involved and the results obtained;
(5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;
(6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;
(7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the services; and
(8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
(b) The scope of the representation and the basis or rate of the fee and expenses for which the client will be
responsible shall be communicated to the client, preferably (Ma omits and must disclose in writing) in writing,
before or within a reasonable time after commencing the representation, except when the lawyer will charge a
regularly represented client on the same basis or rate. Any changes in the basis or rate of the fee or expenses shall
also be communicated to the client.
(c) A fee may be contingent on the outcome of the matter for which the service is rendered, except in a matter in
which a contingent fee is prohibited by paragraph (d) or other law. A contingent fee agreement shall be in a
writing signed by the client and shall state the method by which the fee is to be determined, including the
percentage or percentages that shall accrue to the lawyer in the event of settlement, trial or appeal; litigation and
other expenses to be deducted from the recovery; and whether such expenses are to be deducted before or after
the contingent fee is calculated. The agreement must clearly notify the client of any expenses for which the client
will be liable whether or not the client is the prevailing party. Upon conclusion of a contingent fee matter, the
lawyer shall provide the client with a written statement stating the outcome of the matter and, if there is a
recovery, showing the remittance to the client and the method of its determination.
(d) A lawyer shall not enter into an arrangement for, charge, or collect:
(1) any fee in a domestic relations matter, the payment or amount of which is contingent upon the securing of a
divorce or upon the amount of alimony or support, or property settlement in lieu thereof; or
(2) a contingent fee for representing a defendant in a criminal case.
(e) A division of a fee between lawyers who are not in the same firm may be made only if:
(1) the division is in proportion to the services performed by each lawyer or each lawyer assumes joint responsibility
for the representation;
(2) the client agrees to the arrangement, including the share each lawyer will receive, and the agreement is confirmed
in writing; and
(3) the total fee is reasonable.

Rule 1.6: “Confidentiality of Information”

(a) A lawyer shall not reveal info relating to the representation of a client unless the client gives informed consent,
the disclosure is impliedly authorized in order to carry out the representation or the disclosure is permitted by
paragraph (b)
(b) A lawyer may reveal info relating to the representation of a client ot the extent the lawyer reasonably believes
necessary:
(1) To prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm;
(2) To prevent client from committing crime etc of which the client has used or is using the lawyering
services.
(3) To prevent, mitigate or rectify harms crimes or frauds the furtherance of which the client used the lawyer’s
services.
(5) To establish a claim or defense on behalf of the lawyer in a controversy between the lawyer and the client,
to establish a defense to a criminal charge or civil claim against the lawyer based upon conduct in which
 the client was involved or to respond to allegations in any proceeding concerning the lawyers
representation of the client
(6) To comply with other law or court order.
1.6 cmt1: not use info to disadvantage of clients and former clients.
1.6 cmt2: policy. Encourage discourse btwn atty-client
Situation Scope of Exception
- Client waives confidentiality | Disclosure permitted if informed consent.
- Disclosure needed to represent | Disclosure permitted where it is “impliedly
the client. | authorized” to carry out representation.
- Past physical harms to people | No exception permits disclosure.
- Threats of harm to people | Disclosure permitted but not required to prevent “reasonably certain death or
bodily harm (whether or not by the client)

Rule 1.7 “Conflict Of Interest: Current Clients”

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), a lawyer shall not represent a client if the representation involves a
concurrent conflict of interest. A concurrent conflict of interest exists if:
(1) The representation of one client will be directly adverse to another client; or
(2) There is a significant risk that the representation of one or more clients will be materially limited
by the lawyer's responsibilities to another client, a former client or a third person or by a personal
interest of the lawyer.
Even if there is no direct adversity, there is a conflict if there is a significant
likelihood that a difference in interests will eventuate and, if it does, that will
materially interfere with the lawyers independent professional judgment. CMT 8
(b) Notwithstanding the existence of a concurrent conflict of interest under paragraph (a), a lawyer may
represent a client if:
(1) The lawyer reasonably believes that the lawyer will be able to provide competent and diligent
representation to each affected client;
A lawyer may not ask for consent if in the circumstances the lawyer cannot
reasonably conclude that the lawyer will be able to provide competent and diligent
representation. CMT 15
(2) The representation is not prohibited by law;
For example, some state law provides that even with consent a lawyer may not
represent more than one defendant ina capital case CMT 16
(3) The representation does not involve the assertion of a claim by one client against another client
represented by the lawyer in the same litigation or other proceeding before a tribunal; and
(4) Each affected client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing.
To get informed consent a lawyer must explain to each affected client the ways
that the conflict could have adverse effects on the interests to that client CMT 18
May require disclosure of anothers clients confidences which requires that clients
consent CMT 19

Rule 1.8 Conflict Of Interest: Current Clients: Specific Rules

(a) A lawyer shall not enter into a business transaction with a client or knowingly acquire an ownership, possessory,
security or other pecuniary interest adverse to a client unless:
(1) The transaction and terms on which the lawyer acquires the interest are fair and reasonable to the client
and are fully disclosed and transmitted in writing in a manner that can be reasonably understood by the
client;
(2) The client is advised in writing of the desirability of seeking and is given a reasonable opportunity to
seek the advice of independent legal counsel on the transaction; and
 (3) the client gives informed consent, in a writing signed by the client, to the essential terms of the
transaction and the lawyer's role in the transaction, including whether the lawyer is representing the
client in the transaction.
(b) A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client unless the
client gives informed consent, except as permitted or required by these Rules.
(c) A lawyer shall not solicit any substantial gift from a client, including a testamentary gift, or prepare on behalf of a
client an instrument giving the lawyer or a person related to the lawyer any substantial gift unless the lawyer or
other recipient of the gift is related to the client. For purposes of this paragraph, related persons include a spouse,
child, grandchild, parent, grandparent or other relative or individual with whom the lawyer or the client maintains
a close, familial relationship.
(d) Prior to the conclusion of representation of a client, a lawyer shall not make or negotiate an agreement giving the
lawyer literary or media rights to a portrayal or account based in substantial part on information relating to the
representation.
(e) A lawyer shall not provide financial assistance to a client in connection with pending or contemplated litigation,
except that:
(1) a lawyer may advance court costs and expenses of litigation, the repayment of which may be contingent
on the outcome of the matter; and
(2) a lawyer representing an indigent client may pay court costs and expenses of litigation on behalf of the
client.
(f) A lawyer shall not accept compensation for representing a client from one other than the client unless:
(1) the client gives informed consent;
(2) there is no interference with the lawyer's independence of professional judgment or with the client-
lawyer relationship; and
(3) information relating to representation of a client is protected as required by Rule 1.6.
(g) A lawyer who represents two or more clients shall not participate in making an aggregate settlement of the claims
of or against the clients, or in a criminal case an aggregated agreement as to guilty or nolo contendere pleas,
unless each client gives informed consent, in a writing signed by the client. The lawyer's disclosure shall include
the existence and nature of all the claims or pleas involved and of the participation of each person in the
settlement.
(h) A lawyer shall not:
(1) make an agreement prospectively limiting the lawyer's liability to a client for malpractice unless the
client is independently represented in making the agreement; or
(2) settle a claim or potential claim for such liability with an unrepresented client or former client unless
that person is advised in writing of the desirability of seeking and is given a reasonable opportunity to
seek the advice of independent legal counsel in connection therewith.
(i) A lawyer shall not acquire a proprietary interest in the cause of action or subject matter of litigation the lawyer is
conducting for a client, except that the lawyer may:
(1) Acquire a lien authorized by law to secure the lawyer's fee or expenses; and
(2) Contract with a client for a reasonable contingent fee in a civil case.
Acquiring Proprietary Interest in Litigation
[16] Paragraph (i) states the traditional general rule that lawyers are prohibited from acquiring a proprietary
interest in litigation. Like paragraph (e), the general rule has its basis in common law champerty and
maintenance and is designed to avoid giving the lawyer too great an interest in the representation. In
addition, when the lawyer acquires an ownership interest in the subject of the representation, it will be
more difficult for a client to discharge the lawyer if the client so desires. The Rule is subject to specific
exceptions developed in decisional law and continued in these Rules. The exception for certain
advances of the costs of litigation is set forth in paragraph (e). In addition, paragraph (i) sets forth
exceptions for liens authorized by law to secure the lawyer's fees or expenses and contracts for
reasonable contingent fees. The law of each jurisdiction determines which liens are authorized by law.
These may include liens granted by statute, liens originating in common law and liens acquired by
contract with the client. When a lawyer acquires by contract a security interest in property other than
that recovered through the lawyer's efforts in the litigation, such an acquisition is a business or
 financial transaction with a client and is governed by the requirements of paragraph (a). Contracts
for contingent fees in civil cases are governed by Rule 1.5.
To take lien on property for example has to be described in writing, be fair
and reasonable, client must be advised in writing and advised to seek
alternative counsels advice on the matter.
(j) A lawyer shall not have sexual relations with a client unless a consensual sexual relationship existed between them
when the client-lawyer relationship commenced.
(k) While lawyers are associated in a firm, a prohibition in the foregoing paragraphs (a) through (i) that applies to any
one of them shall apply to all of them.
[CMT2] Paragraph (a)(1) requires that the transaction itself be fair to the client and that its essential terms be
communicated to the client, in writing, in a manner that can be reasonably understood. Paragraph (a)(2)
requires that the client also be advised, in writing, of the desirability of seeking the advice of independent
legal counsel. It also requires that the client be given a reasonable opportunity to obtain such advice.
Paragraph (a)(3) requires that the lawyer obtain the client's informed consent, in a writing signed by the
client, both to the essential terms of the transaction and to the lawyer's role. When necessary, the lawyer
should discuss both the material risks of the proposed transaction, including any risk presented by the
lawyer's involvement, and the existence of reasonably available alternatives and should explain why the
advice of independent legal counsel is desirable.

1.9: Duties to Former Clients.

(a) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter represent another person in the
same or a substantially related matter in which that person's interests are materially adverse to the interests of the
former client unless the former client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing.
Substantially Related: [3] Matters that involve the same transaction or legal dispute or if there substantial risk
that confidential factual information (normally obtained in prior representation)
would materially advance client's position in subsequent matter.
1. Likelihood: Information acquired in a prior representation may have been rendered obsolete by the passage
of time, a circumstance that may be relevant in determining whether two representations are
substantially related.
2. Relevance: Knowledge of specific facts gained in a prior representation that are relevant to the matter in
question ordinarily will preclude such a representation.
Info disclosed to public or other parties adverse to former client ordinarily will not be disqualifying. In the
case of an organizational client, general knowledge of the client’s policies and practices ordinarily will not
preclude a subsequent representation; Former client is not required to reveal confidential information learned
by the lawyer in order to establish a substantial risk that the lawyer has confidential information to use in the
subsequent matter. A conclusion about the possession of such information may be based on the nature of the
services the lawyer provided the former client and information that would in ordinary practice be learned by a
lawyer providing such services.
(b) A lawyer shall not knowingly represent a person in the same or a substantially related matter in which a firm with
which the lawyer formerly was associated had previously represented a client
(1) whose interests are materially adverse to that person; and
(2) about whom the lawyer had acquired information protected by Rules 1.6 and 1.9(c) that is material to the matter;
unless the former client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing.
[Cmt6] Application of paragraph (b) depends on a situation's particular facts, aided by inferences, deductions or
working presumptions that reasonably may be made about the way in which lawyers work together. A lawyer
may have general access to files of all clients of a law firm and may regularly participate in discussions of
their affairs; it should be inferred that such a lawyer in fact is privy to all information about all the firm's
clients. In contrast, another lawyer may have access to the files of only a limited number of clients and
participate in discussions of the affairs of no other clients; in the absence of information to the contrary, it
should be inferred that such a lawyer in fact is privy to information about the clients actually served but not
those of other clients. In such an inquiry, the burden of proof should rest upon the firm whose
disqualification is sought.
(c) A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or whose present or former firm has formerly
represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter:
(1) use information relating to the representation to the disadvantage of the former client except as these Rules would
permit or require with respect to a client, or when the information has become generally known; or
(2) reveal information relating to the representation except as these Rules would permit or require with respect to a
client.

Rule 1.10 Imputation Of Conflicts Of Interest: General Rule

(a) While lawyers are associated in a firm, none of them shall knowingly represent a client when any one of them practicing alone would
be prohibited from doing so by Rules 1.7 or 1.9, unless
(1) The prohibition is based on a personal interest of the disqualified lawyer and does not present a significant risk of materially
limiting the representation of the client by the remaining lawyers in the firm; or
(2) The prohibition is based upon Rule 1.9(a) or (b) and arises out of the disqualified lawyer’s association with a prior firm, and
(i) The disqualified lawyer is timely screened from any participation in the matter and is apportioned no part of the fee
therefrom;
(ii) Written notice is promptly given to any affected former client to enable the former client to ascertain compliance with the
provisions of this Rule, which shall include a description of the screening procedures employed; a statement of the firm's
and of the screened lawyer's compliance with these Rules; a statement that review may be available before a tribunal; and an
agreement by the firm to respond promptly to any written inquiries or objections by the former client about the screening
procedures; and
(iii) Certifications of compliance with these Rules and with the screening procedures are provided to the former client by the
screened lawyer and by a partner of the firm, at reasonable intervals upon the former client's written request and upon
termination of the screening procedures.
(b) When a lawyer has terminated an association with a firm, the firm is not prohibited from thereafter representing a person with
interests materially adverse to those of a client represented by the formerly associated lawyer and not currently represented by the
firm, unless:
(1) The matter is the same or substantially related to that in which the formerly associated lawyer represented the client; and
(2) Any lawyer remaining in the firm has information protected by Rules 1.6 and 1.9(c) that is material to the matter.
(c) A disqualification prescribed by this rule may be waived by the affected client under the conditions stated in Rule 1.7.
(d) The disqualification of lawyers associated in a firm with former or current government lawyers is governed by Rule 1.11

Rule 2.1: Advisor

In representing a client, a lawyer shall exercise independent professional judgment and render candid advice.
In rendering advice, a lawyer may refer not only to law but to other considerations such as moral, economic, social
and political factors, that may be relevant to the client's situation.

Rule 5.1: Responsibilities of Partners, Managers and Supervisory Lawyers

(a) a partner in a firm, and a lawyer who individually or together with other lawyers possesses comparable
managerial authority in a firm, shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the firm ahs in effect measures
giving reasonable assurance that all lawyers in the firm conform to the Rules of Prof Conduct.
(b) An Atty having direct authority over another lawyer shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the other
lawyer conforms to the rules of Prof.
(c) A lawyer shall be responsible for another lawyers violation of the rules if:
(1) The lawyer orders, or with knowledge of the specific conduct ratifies the conduct involved, or
(2) The lawyer is a partner or has comparable managerial authority in the firm in which the other
lawyer practices or has direct supervisory authority over the other lawyer and knows of the
conduct at a time when its consequences can be avoided or mitigated but fails to take remedial
action.

RULE 7.1 Prohibits a lawyer from making false or misleading communications about themselves or their services.
This rule has an eye to lawyer advertising etc.

Rule 8.1 “Bar Admission and Disciplinary Matters”

 An applicant for admission to the bar, or a lawyer in connection with a bar admission application or in
connection with a disciplinary matter, shall not:
(a) Knowingly make a false statement of material fact; or
 (b) Fail to disclose a fact necessary to correct a misapprehension known by the person to have arisen
in the matter, or knowingly fail to respond to a lawful demand for information from an admission
or disciplinary authority except that this rule does not require disclosure of information otherwise
protected by rule 1.6.

Duty To Report
Rule 8.3 “reporting Professional Misconduct.
(a) A lawyer who knows that another lawyer has committed a violation of the rules that raises a
substantial question as to that lawyers honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a lawyer, shall
inform.
 Knows: objective test  reasonable pers.
o Exception:
(1) Not all violations must be reported. Only “substantial questions of lawyers honesty
etc.
(b) Requires reporting misconduct by judges
(2) A report need not be made if it would reveal info required to be kept in confidence
under rule 1.6. But a lawyer should encourage a client to wave confidence and
permit report if substantial prej. To client.
(c) Rule NOT require report of info under 1.6 or info gained by lawyer obtained while during
approved lawyers assistance program

Rule 8.4: “Misconduct”

(a) Violate or attempt to violate the Rules of Professional Conduct, knowingly assist or induce another to do
so, or do so through the acts of another;
(b) Commit a criminal act that reflects adversely on the lawyer’s honesty, trustworthiness or fitness as a
lawyer in other respects;
(c) Engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation;
(d) Engage in conduct that is prejudicial

D.R 4-101: “Preservation of Condiences & Secrets of a Client”

A.  "Confidence" refers to information protected by the attorney-client privilege under applicable law, and "secret"
refers to other information gained in the professional relationship that the client has requested by
held inviolate or the disclosure of which would be embarrassing or would be likely to by
detrimental to the client.
B.  Except when permitted under DR 4-101(C), a lawyer shall not knowingly:
1. Reveal a confidence or secret of his client.
2. Use a confidence or secret of his client to the disadvantage of the client.
3. Use a confidence or secret of his client for the advantage of himself or of a third person unless the
client consents after full disclosure.
C.  A lawyer may reveal:
1. Confidences or secrets with the consent of the client or clients affected, but only after a full disclosure
to them.
2. Confidences or secrets when permitted under Disciplinary Rules or required by law or court order.
3. The intention of his client to commit a crime and the information necessary to prevent the crime.
4. Confidences or secrets necessary to establish or collect his fee or to defend himself or his employees
or associates against an accusation of wrongful conduct.
D.  A lawyer shall exercise reasonable care to prevent his employees, associates, and others whose services are
utilized by him from disclosing or using confidences or secrets of a client, except that a lawyer may reveal the
information allowed by DR 4-101(C) through an employee.
EC NOTES:
1: Confidence to disclose everything.
2: in the absence of express consent should not discuss with others or identity.
Unless otherwise directed lawyer may:
o Disclose affairs to partners or associates.
3: It is ok for lawer to give limited info to outside agency for statistics, books etc.
4: Atty-client is more limited than ethical obligation to guard confidences of client.
5: lawyer should be diligent to not misuse any of the confidences.
6: Lawyer should provide protection after termination of practice, death or retirement.