EdExcel Mathematics

C3 paper

Jun 2005
4.

f(x) = 3ex (a) Differentiate to find f (x).

1 2

ln x 2, x > 0.

1.

(a) Given that sin2 + cos2 1, show that 1 + tan2 sec2 . (2) (b) Solve, for 0 < 360, the equation 2 tan + sec = 1,
2

(3)

The curve with equation y = f(x) has a turning point at P. The x-coordinate of P is .
(b) Show that = 1 6e .

giving your answers to 1 decimal place. (6)

(2)

The iterative formula xn + 1 = 1 e xn , x0 = 1, 6 is used to find an approximate value for .

2.

(a) Differentiate with respect to x (i) 3 sin2 x + sec 2x, (3) (ii) {x + ln (2x)}3. (3) Given that y = 5 x 2 10 x + 9 , x 1, ( x 1) 2

(c) Calculate the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4, giving your answers to 4 decimal places.
(2)

(d) By considering the change of sign of f (x) in a suitable interval, prove that = 0.1443 correct to 4 decimal places. (2) (a) Using the identity cos (A + B) cos A cos B sin A sin B, prove that cos 2A 1 2 sin2 A.
(2)

(b) show that

dy 8 . = dx ( x 1) 3
(6)

5.

(b) Show that

3.

The function f is defined by f: x a 2 , x > 1. (a) Show that f(x) = x 1

(4)

5x + 1 3 , x > 1. x+2 x +x2

2

2 sin 2 3 cos 2 3 sin + 3 sin (4 cos + 6 sin 3).

(4)

(c) Express 4 cos + 6 sin in the form R sin ( + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < .
1 2

(4)

(d) Hence, for 0 < , solve 2 sin 2 = 3(cos 2 + sin 1),

(3)

(b) Find f (x).

giving your answers in radians to 3 significant figures, where appropriate.

(5)

The function g is defined by g: x a x2 + 5, x . (b) Solve fg(x) =

1 4

.
(3)

EdExcel Mathematics
6.

C3 paper
Figure 1

Jun 2005
7.

A particular species of orchid is being studied. The population p at time t years after the study started is assumed to be p=

2800ae 0.2t , where a is a constant. 1 + ae 0.2t

Given that there were 300 orchids when the study started, (a) show that a = 0.12,
(3)

O b (1, a)

(b) use the equation with a = 0.12 to predict the number of years before the population of orchids reaches 1850. (4) (c) Show that p = 336 . 0.12 + e 0.2t
(1)

Figure 1 shows part of the graph of y = f(x), x . The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point (1, a), a < 0. One line meets the x-axis at (3, 0). The other line meets the x-axis at (1, 0) and the y-axis at (0, b), b < 0. In separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation (a) y = f(x + 1),
(2)

(d) Hence show that the population cannot exceed 2800.

(2)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END

(b) y = f(x).
(3)

Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes. Given that f(x) = x 1 2, find (c) the value of a and the value of b,
(2)

(d) the value of x for which f(x) = 5x.

(4)

EdExcel Mathematics
1.

C3 paper
Figure 1

Jan 2006
4.

(a) Differentiate with respect to x (i) x2e3x + 2,

(4)

y M (2, 4)
cos (2 x 3 ) (ii) . 3x

(4)

(b) Given that x = 4 sin (2y + 6), find 5 O 5 x

5.

dy in terms of x. dx
(5)

f(x) = 2x3 x 4. (a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 can be written as

Figure 1 shows the graph of y = f(x), 5 x 5. The point M (2, 4) is the maximum turning point of the graph. Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of (a) y = f(x) + 3,
(2)

x=

2 1 + . x 2
(3)

The equation 2x3 x 4 = 0 has a root between 1.35 and 1.4. (b) Use the iteration formula xn + 1 =
2 1 x + 2 , n

(b) y = f(x),
(2)

(c) y = f(x).
(3)

with x0 = 1.35, to find, to 2 decimal places, the value of x1, x2 and x3.

Show on each graph the coordinates of any maximum turning points.

The only real root of f(x) = 0 is .

(3)

2.

Express 6 2 x 2 + 3x 2 (2 x + 3)( x 2) x x2 as a single fraction in its simplest form.

(7)
1 The point P lies on the curve with equation y = ln x . The x-coordinate of P is 3. 3

(c) By choosing a suitable interval, prove that = 1.392, to 3 decimal places.

(3)

3.

Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point P in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are constants. (5)

EdExcel Mathematics
6.

C3 paper
f(x) = 12 cos x 4 sin x.

Jan 2006
8.
The functions f and g are defined by f : x a 2x + ln 2, x , x .

Given that f(x) = R cos (x + ), where R 0 and 0 90, (a) find the value of R and the value of . g : x a e2x,

(4)
(b) Hence solve the equation 12 cos x 4 sin x = 7 for 0 x < 360, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(a) Prove that the composite function gf is gf : x a 4e4x, x .

(4)
(b) Sketch the curve with equation y = gf(x), and show the coordinates of the point where the curve cuts the y-axis. (1) (c) Write down the range of gf.

(5)
(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x 4 sin x.

(1)
(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this minimum value occurs. (2)

(1)
d (d) Find the value of x for which [gf(x)] = 3, giving your answer to 3 significant figures. dx

(4) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END

7.

(a) Show that (i) cos 2 x cos x sin x, cos x + sin x

1 2

x (n

1 4

), n ,

(2)
(ii) (cos 2x sin 2x) cos x cos x sin x
2
1 2

(3)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation
cos 2 1 cos = cos + sin 2

can be written as sin 2 = cos 2.

(3)
(c) Solve, for 0 < 2, sin 2 = cos 2, giving your answers in terms of .

(4)

EdExcel Mathematics
1.

C3 paper

Jun 2006
4.

3x 2 x 2 (a) Simplify . x2 1
(3)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, express

A heated metal ball is dropped into a liquid. As the ball cools, its temperature, T C, t minutes after it enters the liquid, is given by T = 400e0.05t + 25, t 0. (a) Find the temperature of the ball as it enters the liquid.
(1)

3x 2 x 2 1 as a single fraction in its simplest form. x( x + 1) x2 1 (3)

(b) Find the value of t for which T = 300, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(4)

2.

Differentiate, with respect to x, (a) e3x + ln 2x,

(c) Find the rate at which the temperature of the ball is decreasing at the instant when t = 50. Give your answer in C per minute to 3 significant figures. (3)
(3)

(b) (5 + x ) .
2

3 2

(3) 3. Figure 1

(d) From the equation for temperature T in terms of t, given above, explain why the temperature of the ball can never fall to 20 C. (1)

y y = f(x)

O (0, 2) P

(3, 0)

Figure 1 shows part of the curve with equation y = f(x), x , where f is an increasing function of x. The curve passes through the points P(0, 2) and Q(3, 0) as shown. In separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equation (a) y = f(x),
(3)

(b) y = f1(x),
(3)

(c) y =

1 2

f(3x).

(3) Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates of the points at which the curve crosses or meets the axes.

EdExcel Mathematics
O
5. Figure 2

C3 paper

Jun 2006
7.

For the constant k, where k > 1, the functions f and g are defined by f: x a ln (x + k), g: x a 2x k, x > k, x .

(a) On separate axes, sketch the graph of f and the graph of g. O P Figure 2 shows part of the curve with equation y = (2x 1) tan 2x, 0 x <

On each sketch state, in terms of k, the coordinates of points where the graph meets the coordinate axes. (5) (b) Write down the range of f.
(1)

k (c) Find fg in terms of k, giving your answer in its simplest form. 4

(2)

The curve has a minimum at the point P. The x-coordinate of P is k. (a) Show that k satisfies the equation 4k + sin 4k 2 = 0.
(6)

The curve C has equation y = f(x). The tangent to C at the point with x-coordinate 3 is parallel to the line with equation 9y = 2x + 1. (d) Find the value of k.
(4)

The iterative formula xn + 1 =

1 4

(2 sin 4xn), x0 = 0.3,

8.

(a) Given that cos A =

3 4

, where 270 < A < 360, find the exact value of sin 2A.
(5)

is used to find an approximate value for k. (b) Calculate the values of x1, x2, x3 and x4, giving your answers to 4 decimals places.
(3)

(b) (i) Show that cos 2 x + + cos 3

Given that
(2)

2 x cos 2x. 3
(3)

(c) Show that k = 0.277, correct to 3 significant figures.

y = 3 sin2 x + cos 2 x + + cos 2 x , 3 3

(ii) show that dy = sin 2x. dx
(4) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

6.

(a) Using sin2 + cos2 1, show that the cosec2 cot2 1.

(2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that cosec4 cot4 cosec2 + cot2 .

(2) END

(c) Solve, for 90 < < 180, cosec4 cot4 = 2 cot .

(6)

EdExcel Mathematics
1.

C3 paper

Jan 2007
5. Figure 1

(a) By writing sin 3 as sin (2 + ), show that sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin3 .

(5)

(b) Given that sin =

3 , find the exact value of sin 3 . 4

(2)

x
2.

f(x) = 1

3 3 + , x 2. x + 2 ( x + 2) 2

(a) Show that f(x) =

x2 + x +1 , x 2. ( x + 2) 2
(4)

(b) Show that x2 + x + 1 > 0 for all values of x.

(3)

Figure 1 shows an oscillioscope screen. The curve on the screen satisfies the equation y = 3 cos x + sin x. (a) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = R sin (x + ), where R and are constants,

(c) Show that f(x) > 0 for all values of x, x 2.

(1) 3.

The curve C has equation x = 2 sin y.

R > 0 and 0 < <

.
(4)

(a) Show that the point P 2, lies on C. 4

(1)

(b) Find the values of x, 0 x < 2, for which y = 1.

(4)

1 dy = at P. (b) Show that dx 2

(4)

(c) Find an equation of the normal to C at P. Give your answer in the form y = mx + c, where m and c are exact constants. (4)

4.

(i) The curve C has equation y =

x . 9 + x2
(6)

Use calculus to find the coordinates of the turning points of C. (ii) Given that y = (1 + e 2 x ) 2 , find the value of
3

dy at x = dx

1 2

ln 3.
(5)

EdExcel Mathematics
6.

C3 paper

Jan 2007
8.

(i) Prove that sec2 x cosec2 x tan2 x cot2 x.

(3)

The function f is defined by f : x a ln (4 2x), x < 2 and x . (a) Show that the inverse function of f is defined by f 1 : x a 2 and write down the domain of f 1.
(4)
1 2

(ii) Given that

y = arccos x, 1 x 1 and 0 y ,
ex (a) express arcsin x in terms of y.
(2)

(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of .

(1) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END

(b) Write down the range of f .

(1)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f 1(x). State the coordinates of the points of intersection with the x and y axes. (4) The graph of y = x + 2 crosses the graph of y = f 1(x) at x = k. The iterative formula
xn xn + 1 = 1 , x0 = 0.3, 2e

is used to find an approximate value for k. (d) Calculate the values of x1 and x2, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.
(2)

(e) Find the values of k to 3 decimal places.

(2)

7.

f(x) = x4 4x 8. (a) Show that there is a root of f(x) = 0 in the interval [2, 1].
(3)

(b) Find the coordinates of the turning point on the graph of y = f(x).
(3)

(c) Given that f(x) = (x 2)(x + ax + bx + c), find the values of the constants a, b and c.
(3)

(d) Sketch the graph of y = f(x).

(3)

(e) Hence sketch the graph of y = f(x).

(1)

EdExcel Mathematics
1.

C3 paper

Jun 2007
4.

f(x) = x3 + 3x2 1. (a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 can be rewritten as

Find the exact solutions to the equations (a) ln x + ln 3 = ln 6,

(2)

x=

(b) ex + 3ex = 4.
(4)

1 . 3 x
(2)

(b) Starting with x1 = 0.6, use the iteration

2.

f(x) = 4x 6 . 2x 1

2x + 3 9 + 2x , x> x+2 2 x 2 + 3x 2

1 2

xn + 1 =

1 3 xn

(a) Show that f (x) =

to calculate the values of x2, x3 and x4, giving all your answers to 4 decimal places.
(7) (2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find f (x) in its simplest form.

(3) 5.

(c) Show that x = 0.653 is a root of f(x) = 0 correct to 3 decimal places.

(3)

3.

A curve C has equation y = x2ex. dy (a) Find , using the product rule for differentiation. dx
(3)

The functions f and g are defined by f : a ln (2x 1), g: a 2 , x3

x , x >

1 2

x , x 3.

(b) Hence find the coordinates of the turning points of C.

(3)

(a) Find the exact value of fg(4).

(2)

d y (c) Find . dx 2
(2)

(b) Find the inverse function f 1(x), stating its domain.

(4)

(d) Determine the nature of each turning point of the curve C.

(2)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = |g(x)|. Indicate clearly the equation of the vertical asymptote and the coordinates of the point at which the graph crosses the y-axis. (3) (d) Find the exact values of x for which
2 = 3. x3

(3)

EdExcel Mathematics
6.

C3 paper

2 .

Jun 2007
8.

The amount of a certain type of drug in the bloodstream t hours after it has been taken is given by the formula

(a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin (x + ) where R > 0 and 0 < <
4

x = De 8 ,
(4)

-1t

(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x) .

(2)

where x is the amount of the drug in the bloodstream in milligrams and D is the dose given in milligrams. A dose of 10 mg of the drug is given. (a) Find the amount of the drug in the bloodstream 5 hours after the dose is given. Give your answer in mg to 3 decimal places.
(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2, the equation 3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1, giving your answers to 3 decimal places.
(5)

A second dose of 10 mg is given after 5 hours. (b) Show that the amount of the drug in the bloodstream 1 hour after the second dose is 13.549 mg to 3 decimal places. (2)

7.

(a) Prove that

sin cos + = 2 cosec 2, cos sin

90n.
(4)

(b) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cosec 2 for 0 < < 360.

(2)

No more doses of the drug are given. At time T hours after the second dose is given, the amount of the drug in the bloodstream is 3 mg. (c) Find the value of T.
(3) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END

(c) Solve, for 0 < < 360, the equation sin cos + =3 cos sin giving your answers to 1 decimal place.
(6)

EdExcel Mathematics
1.

C3 paper

Jan 2008
4.

Given that 2 x 4 3x 2 + x + 1 dx + e (ax2 + bx + c) + 2 , ( x 2 1) ( x 1) find the values of the constants a, b, c, d and e.

(4)

2.

A curve C has equation

y = e2x tan x, x (2n + 1)

(a) Show that the turning points on C occur where tan x = 1.

(6)

Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = f (x). The curve passes through the origin O and the points A(5, 4) and B(5, 4).

(b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 0.

(2)

3.

f(x) = ln (x + 2) x + 1,

x > 2, x .
(2)

In separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation (a) y =f (x), (3) (b) y = f (x) , (3)

(a) Show that there is a root of f(x) = 0 in the interval 2 < x < 3. (b) Use the iterative formula

xn + 1 = ln (xn + 2) + 1,

x0 = 2.5,

(c) y = 2f(x + 1) . (4)

(3)

to calculate the values of x1 , x2 and x3 , giving your answers to 5 decimal places.

On each sketch, show the coordinates of the points corresponding to A and B.

(c) Show that x = 2.505 is a root of f(x) = 0 correct to 3 decimal places.

(2)

EdExcel Mathematics
5.

C3 paper

Jan 2008
7. A curve C has equation y = 3 sin 2x + 4 cos 2x, x .

The radioactive decay of a substance is given by R = 1000e ,

ct

t 0.

The point A(0, 4) lies on C. (a) Find an equation of the normal to the curve C at A. (5) (1) (b) Express y in the form R sin(2x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < Give the value of to 3 significant figures. (4)

where R is the number of atoms at time t years and c is a positive constant. (a) Find the number of atoms when the substance started to decay.

. (4)

It takes 5730 years for half of the substance to decay. (b) Find the value of c to 3 significant figures. (c) Calculate the number of atoms that will be left when t = 22 920 . (2) (d) Sketch the graph of R against t . (2) 8. 6. (a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity cos(A + B) cosA cosB sinA sinB

(c) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve C with the x-axis. Give your answers to 2 decimal places. (4)

The functions f and g are defined by f : x a 1 2x3, g:x a x .

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only. (4) (b) (i) Prove that cos x 1 + sin x + 2 sec x, 1 + sin x cos x (ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2, all the solutions of cos x 1 + sin x = 4. + 1 + sin x cos x (3) x (2n + 1) (a) Find the inverse function f 1.

3 4, x > 0, x . x

(2) . (4) gf : x a (b) Show that the composite function gf is

8x 3 1 . 1 2x 3
(4)

(c) Solve gf (x) = 0. (2) (d) Use calculus to find the coordinates of the stationary point on the graph of y = gf(x). (5) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END

EdExcel Mathematics
1. The point P lies on the curve with equation

C3 paper

Jun 2008
3.

y = 4e2x + 1. The y-coordinate of P is 8. (a) Find, in terms of ln 2, the x-coordinate of P. (2) (b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are exact constants to be found. (4) Figure 1 2. f(x) = 5 cos x + 12 sin x. Given that f(x) = R cos (x ), where R > 0 and 0 < < Figure 1 shows the graph of y = f(x), x , , The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point P. The graph cuts the y-axis at the point Q and the x-axis at the points (3, 0) and R. (4) (b) Hence solve the equation 5 cos x + 12 sin x = 6 for 0 x < 2. (5) (c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5 cos x + 12 sin x. (1) (ii) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs. (2) (d) solve f(x) =
1 2

(a) find the value of R and the value of to 3 decimal places.

Sketch, on separate diagrams, the graphs of (a) y = f(x), (2) (b) y = f ( x). (2) Given that f(x) = 2 x + 1, (c) find the coordinates of the points P, Q and R, (3) x. (5)

EdExcel Mathematics
4. The function f is defined by f: x a 1 (a) Show that f(x) = , x > 3. x +1

C3 paper

Jun 2008
6. (a) Differentiate with respect to x, (i) e3x(sin x + 2 cos x),

2( x 1) 1 , x > 3. x 2x 3 x 3
2

(3) (ii) x3 ln (5x + 2). (3) Given that y = (4) 3x + 6 x 7 , x 1, ( x + 1) 2

2

(b) Find the range of f. (2) (c) Find f 1 (x). State the domain of this inverse function. (3) The function g is defined by g: x a 2x2 3, x . (d) Solve fg(x) = 1 . 8 (3) (a) Given that sin2 + cos2 1, show that 1 + cot2 cosec2 . (2) (b) Solve, for 0 < 180, the equation 2 cot2 9 cosec = 3, giving your answers to 1 decimal place. (6) 7.

(b) show that

dy 20 = . dx ( x + 1) 3 (5)

(c) Hence find

d y d y 15 and the real values of x for which = . 4 dx 2 dx 2

(3) f(x) = 3x3 2x 6.

(a) Show that f (x) = 0 has a root, , between x = 1.4 and x = 1.45 (2) (b) Show that the equation f (x) = 0 can be written as x=

5.

2 2 + , x 0. x 3
(3)

(c) Starting with x0 = 1.43, use the iteration

2 2 x + 3 n

xn + 1 =

to calculate the values of x1 , x2 and x3 , giving your answers to 4 decimal places. (3) (d) By choosing a suitable interval, show that = 1.435 is correct to 3 decimal places. (3) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END