A

AAA
America Accounting Association

Abacus

abacus

(accounting computer)
(electronic financial
calculator)
Abandonment

retirement

abandonment value
(abandoned asset)

(cash salvage)
(abandonment
decision)

abatement

ABC system of inventory control

(selective inventory control)

ABC

A
10%
70%
(EQQ)
B 20%
20%
C 70%
10%

ability to service debt

abnormal cost
abnormal not normal not
usual

abnormal spoilage

(normal spoilage)

above par
(premium)

(par value)
above the line

absolute amount

absolute endorsement
(unqualified endorsement)

absolute insolvency

(technical insolvency)

absolute priority

(prior claim)

(relative priority)

absolute value

-62 62
absorb

absorption account

absorption costing
(full costing)

(direct costing)
(variable costing)

(break-even analysis)

abstract

(trial balance)
abuse

abuse of tax shelter

(tax deduction)

(IRS)

ACCA
(The Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants
ACCA)) 1904

ACCA
ACCA

ACCA
(FEE)(CAPA)
(ICAC)
ACCA
(IASB)
(IFAC)

accelerated cost recovery system

ACRS 1981
(ERA) 1986

(rapid
amortization)
3 5 7 10
15 20 3
5
15 20

accelerated depreciation method

(1)
(2)


(ACRS)(3)

(declining-balance depreciation)
(sum-of-the-year-digits depreciation)
acceleration clause

acceptance

(drawee)
(acceptor)

accepted bill

acceptance check
(acceptance sampling)
acceptance bill

(payment bill)

acceptance register

acceptance sampling

(1)(2)(3)

access time

accommodation

accommodation bill
accommodation note, accommodation paper

(double-name paper)
accommodation endorsement

account

(nominal account)

(real account)

(main account) (subsidiary

account)

(control account)
(controlled account)

for

accountability

accountability unit

(cost center)(profit center)

Accountancy

(ICAEW)

(ASB)
(FRS)
accountancy

accounting
accountant

(public accountant)
(public accounting)

(certified public accountantCPA)

(chartered accountantCA)
(private accountant)
(private accounting)

accountant general

accounting in charge

(senior accountant)

accountants legal liability

(CPA)

(gross negligence)(fraud)

accountants report
(auditors report)
accountants responsibility

(due professional care)

(accountants legal liability)
account form
(balance sheet)

(report form)
accounting

(controller)
(financial accounting)
(management accounting)
(data processing)(internal audit)(budgeting)(tax
accounting)(financial analysis)

accounting assumption

accounting postulate
accounting basis

(accrual basis of accounting)

(cash basis of accounting)
accounting changes

(APB) 22

(1)(accounting principle)

(2)(accounting estimate)

(3)(reporting entity)

accounting concept

(
)(
)
(conceptual framework)
accounting control

(internal check) (internal audit)

(administrative control)

accounting convention

(APB)
(FASB)

(accounting standard)
(accounting principle)
accounting corporation

(firm)

accounting cycle
(accounting information processing cycle)

accounting data

(source document)
accounting doctrine

accounting document

accounting elements

(accounting
concept)

accounting entity

(legal entity)

accounting entry

accounting equation
(accounting identity)

(assets)=(liability)+
(owners equity) (assets)=
(equities)

accounting event

(external transaction)
(internal transaction)
accounting exposure

(foreign currency translation risk)

accounting firm
(public accounting
firm)(CPA firm)

(Big Five)
Accounting Hall of Fame
1950

36
1976

accounting harmonization
harmonization of accounting
accounting identity
(accounting equation)
accounting income

(taxable income)

(economic income)

accounting information

(1)
(2)

accounting information system

(accounting information processing system) AIS


()
()
(computer
based accounting information system)

(MIS)

accounting internationalization

(standardization of accounting)
accounting journals

20
(1) (Abacus)
(2) (Accountancy)
(3) (Accountant)
(4) (Accountants
Magazine)
(5) (Accounting
and Business Research)
(6) (Accounting
Historians Journal)
(7) (Accounting Review)
(8) (Audit)
(9) (CA Magazine)
(10) (CPA
Journal)
(11) (Financial
Analyst Journal)
(12)
(Financial Executive)
(13) (Government
Accountants Journal)
(14) (Internal
Auditor)
(15) (Journal of Accountancy)
(16) (Journal of
Accounting and Economics)

(17) (Journal
of Accounting, Auditing and Finance)
(18) (Journal of Accounting Research)
(19) (Management
Accounting)
(20) (The Tax Adviser)
accounting legislation

accounting manual

accounting objective

1973 (Trueblood
Committee)
12

accounting period
fiscal period

(natural business year)

(10 31 )

accounting policies

(summary of
significant accounting policies)

(Opinion)
(Statement)
(FASB)
accounting postulate
(accounting assumption)

accounting practice

(accounting
theory)
accounting principle

(accounting postulate)
(accounting objective)

(accounting
standards)

(GAAP)
(accounting convention)

Accounting Principle Board

APB
(AICPA)1959
1973

(FASB)
15
(ARS)31 (Opinions)
4 (Statements)

accounting procedures

accounting profession

(private accounting)
(public accounting)

accounting rate of return

(simple rate of return)
(unadjusted rate of return)
ARR

(1)
()

(2)

 (discounted cash
flow method)
accounting records
(book of accounts)

Accounting Review

(AAA)

accounting rules
(accounting criteria)

(accounting principles)

Accounting Series Release

ASR
(SEC)

(Financial Report Releases

FRR)
accounting service
(CPA firm)

accounting software
(accounting
software package)

(Journal of Accountancy)
(Computer in Accounting)

accounting standard

(FASB)
(SFAS)(ASC)
(SSAP)

1973

(GAAP)

accounting standardization
standardization of accounting
Accounting Standards Board
()
ASB
( 1991
Accounting Standards Committee)
(Financial
Reporting Standard)
Accounting Standards Committee
()
ASC 6
(CCAB)

(SSAP) 1991
(ASB)
accounting system

(accounting information

system)
accounting technique
(accounting procedure)
(accounting methods)
accounting theory

(descriptive accounting
theory)

(normative accounting
theory)

accounting transaction

(internal transaction)

(business transaction)
Accounting Trend and Techniques

(AICPA)

accounting unit
(accounting entity)
accounting valuation

(asset
valuation)
accounting year
fiscal year( ) financial
year()

accounts
books of accounts
account sales

accounts payable
(trade accounts payable) A/P

60%
creditors
accounts receivable
(trade accounts receivable) A/R

40%
debtors
accounts receivable aging schedule

(aging of accounts receivable)

accounts receivable assigned

accounts receivable collection period

(accounts receivable turnover)

accounts receivable discounted

(factor)
(discount house)
6%

accounts receivable financing

(factor)(discount
house)

accounts receivable management

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
(aging of accounts receivable)

(6) (credit insurance)

accounts receivable turnover

accretion
(principal)

(appreciation)

accrual basis accounting

()

(cash flow statement)

(cash basis accounting)

accrued asset
(accrued revenue)
accrued expense
(accrued liability)

accrued liability
(accrued expense)
accrued revenue
(accrued asset)

accumulated depreciation
(contra account)

(book

value) (allowance for

depreciation)
(reserve for depreciation)

accumulated dividend
(dividend in arrears)
accumulated earnings tax

(retained earnings)

accumulation
(interest)(principal)
(net income)
(retained earnings)(accumulation
account)

(accumulated depreciation)
(accumulated dividend)
acid test ratio
(quick ratio)
acquired company

(acquiring company)

acquisition

(controlling interest)
acquisition accounting
purchase accounting
acquisition cost

(historical cost)

acquisition decision
(investment decision)
(capital investment appraisal)
acquisition excess
(acquisition surplus)
acquisition surplus
(pooling
of interest method)

(acquisition excess)

(goodwill)
across-the-board

(across-the-board
tariff change)

(across-the-board
wage increase)
ACT
advance corporation tax
act

(act of company)
(act of bankruptcy)
action

active account

active assets

activity

activity account


activity accounting
(responsibility accounting)

(activity account)

activity ratio

(financial ratio)
activity variance
(volume variance)
act of bankruptcy

(bankruptcy)
act of company

act of God

actual capital

(excess of par value)

(retained earnings)
actual value

actual wage

(money wage)

added value

added value statement

value added statement

added value tax

value added tax

addition
(capital expenditure)
additional depreciation

(backlog
depreciation)
additional paid-in capital

(par value)(stated value)

(contributed capital in excess of par value)

additional tax
(normal tax)

adequate disclosure
full disclosure.
adjunct account

(contra account)
adjustable-rate bond
(floating-rate bond)

80

adjusted gross income

AGI
(Internal Revenue Code)

adjusted trial balance

adjusting entry
(adjusting journal
entry)

(correcting entry).
adjustment
(adjusting entry)

adjustment account

(contra account)
(adjunct account)
adjustment bond
(reorganization
bond)
(reorganization)

administrative accounting

administrative budget

(capital
budget)
administrative expense
(general expense)

ADR
asset depreciation range
ad valorem tax

(excise
tax)(sales tax)(property
tax)
(value-added tax)
(specific tax)

advance

advance corporation tax

ACT

advances from customers

(deferred revenue)
(deferred income).
advance to suppliers

adventure

adverse opinion

(GAAP)

(auditors report).
adverse variance

advisory services
(CPA)

(management advisory services).

affiliated company
allied company, related company

( 51%)
()

affiliation

after closing trial balance

post-closing trial balance.
after cost

after date

payable 30 days after date

30 payable 30 days after sight
30

after sight

(at sight)
after-tax

(after-tax income)
(after-tax rate of return)

12% 28%
12%72%=8.64%

4%
8.64%-4.0%=4.64%.
AGA
Association of Government Accountants

age

age allowance

age analysis
(aging of accounts receivable)
agency

(principal)
(agent)

agency commission
(agent)

agency fund

agenda

agent

(general agent)

(special agent)

(sales agent)(purchasing
agent)(advertising agent)
(insurance agent)

(agency contract)

aggregate balance sheet

consolidated balance sheet.
aggregate income statement
consolidated income
statement.

AGI
adjusted gross income
aging of accounts receivable

1~30 31~60 61~90 90

(1)

(2)
aging schedule
(aging of accounts receivable)
agio

(premium)
agiotage

AGM
annual general meeting
agreement

agreement of partnership

AICPA
American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants
AIS
accounting information system
all capital earnings rate
return on total asset.
all-inclusive income concept
(clean surplus con-

cept)

(current operating income concept)

allocation

allocation criteria

(labor hour rate)

(machine hour rate)

allotment

allowance

(contra account)

(bad debt reserve)

(depreciation reserve)

(sales allowance)

allowance for bad debts

(contra account)

(allowance method)

allowance for depreciation

(accumulated depreciation)
allowance method

(direct write-off method)

(allowance for bad debts).
all-purpose financial statement

(CPA)

(condensed financial
statement)
(special purpose financial statement)
alpha risk
(type error)

(population)
(beta risk)

(overauditing)
(negligence)
(beta risk)
altered check

alternative accounting methods

(FASB)

(FIFO)
(LIFO)

alternative proposals

amalgamation
consolidation.
American Accounting Association

AAA

(Accounting Review)
(Accounting Horizons)
(Issues in Accounting Education)

American depository receipts

ADR
(depository receipts)

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

AICPA 1887
(AIA)1953

(Statement of Auditing Standard)

(certified public accountant)

(public accountant)
American option

(European
option)
American Stock Exchange
ASE

(NYSE)

amortization

(depreciation)(wasting asset,
)(depletion)
(intangible asset)(amortization)

intangible asset.

amortized cost
(amortized value)

amount

amount differ
(amount in figures)
(amount in words)
amount due

amount of 1 dollar 1
compound amount of 1 dollar 1

analysis

(financial analysis).
analyst

(chartered financial analyst

CFA)

analytical review
(analytical test)

annual audit
(CPA)

(external audit)
annual closing

(closing entry)
annual general meeting
annual stockholders meeting
AGM

(annual report)

annualize

20 000

20 000123 =80 000()

annualized net present value

ANPV

annual report

annuity

(pension)

(annuitant)

(indexation)

(3) (ordinary annuity)

(annuity in arrears)
(4) (annuity due)
(5) (deferred annuity)
(6) (perpetual annuity)

annuity due
(annuity in advance)

(ordinary annuity)(annuity in
arrears)
annuity in advance
(annuity due)
annuity in arrears
(ordinary annuity)

annuity method of depreciation

(compound interest
method of depreciation)

antedate
predate, backdate

anticipation

anti-dilution clause

(convertible bond)
(convertible preferred stock)

(conversion price)

anti-pollution investment

anti-profiteering tax
(excess profit tax).
anti-tax avoidance
(tax loophole)
anti-trust legislation

1936
(Clayton Act) 1950
(Celler Kefauver Act)

A/P
accounting payable
APB
Accounting Principle Board
APB Opinion
(AICPA)

(GAAP) 1962
1973 31

application

(application for
registration)(application for
letter of credit)
applied overhead

(predetermined overhead rate)

appraisal

appraisal capital

appraisal surplus
(appraised value)
(book value)

appraiser

(certified appraiser)
appreciation

(accretion)

appropriated retained earnings

appropriation

appropriation account

appropriation budget

approval

approved account

approved bond

(legal list)
legal
list.
A/R
accounts receivable
arbitrage


(1) (stock arbitrage)
(2) (exchange arbitrage)
(3) (interest arbitrage)
(4) (merger arbitrage)
arbitrage transaction

arbitration

(award)(arbitrator)

arithmetical error

arms-length price
(arms-length transaction)
(fair market
price)
arms-length transaction

(arms-length relationship)
(fair market value)

(related party transaction)

(affiliated company)

ARR
accounting rate of return
arrears

(annuity in arrears)

arrestment

Authur Anderson & Co.

Big Five.
article

(articles of partnership)(articles
of incorporation)
articles of incorporation
memorandum of association

(certificate of incorporation)
(charter) bylaw

articles of partnership

articulate

(LIFO)

articulated concept

(asset-liability view)

(revenue-expense view)

(non-articulated concept)
artificial intelligence
AI

LISPPRO LOGESIEPOPLOG

ASB
Auditing Standards Board
ASE
American Stock Exchange
Asian Development Bank
ADB 1966

Asian dollar
(Eurodollar)

asking price

assessed value

(actual value)
80%

assessment

special assessment.
asset

(economic resource)

(1)
(2)

(tangible asset) (intangible

asset)
(current asset)(fixed asset)

()(
)(economic resource)
asset cover
(collateral)

asset depreciation range

ADR
(IRS)

(3,5,7,10,15,20)
asset-liability view
(articulate)

(revenue-expense view).
asset quality
(CFA)

(revenue quality)

asset retirement

asset revaluation

asset stripping

asset structure

(operation leverage)
asset turnover

(
)
(financial ratio).
asset valuation

(asset revaluation)
assignment of accounts receivable

(factor)(discount house)

associated company
()
20%

(subsidiary)
50%

Association of Government Accounting

AGA
1950
6

()
assumed liability

AT
after tax
at cost

(cost principle)

(transfer price)

cost principle transfer price

at par
(face amount)

(premium)
(discount).
at sight
(drawee)
(after
sight)
attached account

(frozen account)
attachment

attest

(CPA)
(attest function)
attestation

(audit report)

audit

(finance
audit) (management audit)(performance audit)

(comprehensive audit)

auditability

(1)

(2)

audit committee

audit coverage

audited financial statement

()

audit evidence

Audit Guides
(AICPA)

(SAS)

auditing

(external auditing)
(internal auditing).

auditing procedure


(auditing process)
(working paper)

auditing process

auditing standard

(AICPA)
(ASB)
( GAAS)
(general standard)
(field word standard)
(reporting audit)
(APC)
Auditing Standards Board

ASB
(AICPA)
(SAS)
1978
15

auditor

(external
auditor)

(external auditor)
(internal auditor)

auditor general

auditors legal liability

(negligence)
(fraud)

auditors opinion
(auditors report).
auditors report
(auditors opinion)

(unqualified opinion)

(GAAP)

(qualified opinion)

(disclaimer opinion),

(adverse opinion)

(short form)(long form)

audit program
(general
standard)

(standard audit program)

audit report
(auditors report).
audit risk

(alpha
risk)(beta risk).
audit sampling
(sampling).
audit software
(audit software
package)

audit test

(compliance test)
(substantive test).
audit trail
(coding)(cross
references)

audit working paper

(working paper).
authorized capital stock

(nominal capital stock)

(registered capital stock)
(article of incorporation)

(issued capital stock)

automated clearing house

automated teller machine

(24-hour teller)
ATM

(debit card)

(personal identification number)

automatic transfer service

ATS 1978

(electronic funds
transfer system).
available asset

(collateral)
available inventory

average balance

average collection period

(days sales in
accounts receivable).
average cost

average-cost method
(average cost
flow assumption)

(first-in, first-out method)

(last-in, first-out method)


average inventory

average life

(composite depreciation)

average payment period (of accounts payable)

(days purchases
in accounts payable).
average rate of return

averages

(Dow Jones

averages) 30

(Standard
and Poors Index)
(New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock Index)
(American
Stock Exchange Index).
avoidable cost

(postponable cost)

(unavoidable cost)

B
back charge

back date
ante date, predate

backed bill
(guaranteed bill).
back-end load
(
)
(front-end load)
backer

backlog depreciation
(accumulated
depreciation)

(current cost depreciation)

(retained earnings)
back order
open order
()

back pay
back wage

back tax

back-to-back credit
(countervailing credit)

back-to-back loan

back wardation

(contango)
backward integration

(forward integration)
bad check
rubber check, NSF check

bad debt

6
(control
credit)
bad debt account

(allowance method)

(allowance for bad debts)

(direct write off

method)

bad debt expense

(allowance method)
(direct writhe off method)

bad debt ratio

(credit policy)
(financial ratio)

bad debt recovery

bad debt collected

bailment
(bailor)
(bailee)

bailout

bailout period

balance

(balance of account).

balance budget

(budget surplus)
(budget deficit).
balance due

(balance due from)(balance due to)

balance fund
(mutual fund)

(portfolio)
(
)
()
balance of account

(1) (zero balance)

(2) (debit balance)

(3) (credit balance)

balance of payment

(1)
(2) (
)
(3) (
)
balance of retained earnings

( 1 1 )()

( 1 1 )()

( 12 31 )
balance sheet
statement of assets and
liabilities (statement of financial position) balance sheet

(income statement)

balance sheet account

(permanent account)

(income statement account)(temporary account)

balance sheet analysis

(realizability)

(financial ratio)
(quick ratio)(current ratio)

balance sheet audit

balance sheet date

12 31

balance sheet ratio

(financial ratio)

(current ratio)
(quick ratio) (debt to
equity ratio)
balance sheet total

balloon payment

10
5 000
55 000

bank

(commercial bank)
(financial company)
(Federal Reserve
Banks)
(bank of England)
(IBRD)
(IMF)
(ADB)
(EIB)
bank(ers) acceptance

B/A

bank balance

(checking account)

(savings account)
bankbook
bank charge

bank checking account

checking account.
bank confirmation
bank certificate

bank credit
(loan)
(discount) (acceptance)
(guarantee)
(trade credit)
bank custody

()

bank draft
bank bill B/D

banker

(stock broker)
(investment adviser)

bank.
bank failure

bank loan

(collatered loan)(unsecured
loan)

bank overdraft
(overdraft).
bank reconciliation statement

(outstanding check)
(deposit in transit)(bank charge)

bank reference

bank run

bankruptcy

(voluntary bankruptcy)

(involuntary bankruptcy)

bankruptcy act
Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978.
bankruptcy cost


(debt
ratio)
bankruptcy court

(receiver)

bankruptcy prediction

(
)

(1)
(Z score)
(2) (
)

(3) (degree of financial leverage)

Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 1978

(order of priority)

order of priority.
bank transfer

bankers transfer

(mail transfer) (telegraphic

transfer)

bargain

(contract)

bargain money

bargain purchase option

bargain renewed option

bargain sale

barometers
economic barometers

(leading indicator)

barometers stock

.
barter

barter transaction
(compensation tracsaction)
(fair
market value)
base

(base data)(base price)

(base pay)
base period

()

base price

base rate

base stock

BASIC
beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code
basic earnings per share
(convertible bond)
(convertible preferred stock)

basis

(basis of
accounting)(basis of taxation).
basis of accounting

(cash basis of
accounting)(accrual basis of
accounting).
basis of taxation
tax base
(taxable income)
(taxable value)

basis point

1 0.01% 1% 1%
basket purchase
lump-sum purchase

(appraisal value)
batch costing

(job order costing)

(process costing)
batch processing
batch data processing

(real-time processing)
(real-time information system).
B/D
brought down
B/E
bill of exchange
BE analysis
break-even analysis
bear

(bull)

bearer

bearer bond
(negotiable bond)
(coupon bond)

(endorsement).

bearer draft
bearer bill

bear interest

bear market
bearish

bear squeeze

(bear)

beating the market

before-separation cost
(joint product)

(after-separation cost)

before-tax income

Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction

Code

BASIC

beginning balance

(account balance).
beginning inventory

bellwether security

(institutional investor)

20

below par

below the line

beneficial interest

(beneficial owner)

beneficial owner

beneficiary

(life tenant)
(income
beneficiary)

benefit

(fringe benefit).
benefit-cost analysis

 (benefit-cost ratio)

benefit-cost ratio
(profitability index).
benefit fund
(benefit
system) benefit system
benefit in kind

benefit system

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

best-efforts agreement

(underwriting agreement)
beta coefficient
(systematic risk)
(nondiversifiable risk)

1.0

1.0
beta risk
(systematic

risk) beta

(type error)

(population)

(alpha risk)
betterment
improvement

(capital expenditure)(maintenance)
(repairs)

B/F
brought forward
bias

(standard error)

bid

(auction)

bid bond
(bidder)
5%

bid price

big bath

Big Board
(New York Stock
Exchange)(Little Board)
(American
Stock Exchange).
Big Five

(1) [](Arthur
Andersen & Co.)
(2) [ ]
(Deloitte and Touche)
(3) [](Ernst
and Young)
(4) [](Peat
Marwick & Co.)
(5) [
](Price Waterhouse and Coopers)

1673 32319
Andersen Worldwide

Pricewaterhouse CoopersErnst young Deloitte
ToucheKPMG

20003000
30

(Grant Thornton)
BDO Seidman McGladrey
Pul1en

2000

rowe,

40000

Chizek Co BKD

30000

95%

1998 6

25

Price Waterhouse

Coopers Lybrand

Pricewaterhouse Coopers

bill

(bill of exchange)
(negotiable instrument)

(bill of lading)(bill of
materials)

(invoice)
billing

billing clerk

bill of entry
customs declaration B/E

bill of exchange
draft B/E(
drawer) (
drawee)
( payee)

(discount)

(1)
(clean bill)
(documentary bill)
(2)
(sight bill)(time bill)
(3)
(commercial bill)(bank bill).
bill of lading
B/L

(1)

(on board B/L)(received

for shipment B/L)
(2)
(straight B/L)(order B/L)
(bank B/L)
(3)
(direct B/L)(transshipment
B/L)(through B/L)
bill of materials
BOM

bill of sales
B/S

bills payable
B/P notes payable.
bills receivable
B/R notes receivable.
B/L
bill of lading
black market

black money

blank bill of lading

(consignee)

(bill of lading).
blank check

blank endorsement
(general endorsement)


blanket mortgage

blanket order

blanket price
lump-sum price

blind entry

blind purchase

blue-chip

blue-sky laws

board chairman

(president).
board minutes

board of directors
board

(inside director)
(outside director)

board of trade

bond

(1)
(2)

(3)

(monetary gain)

(1)
(secured bond)

(unsecured bond)

(2)
(convertible bond)

(unconvertible
bond)
(3)
(registered bond)

(bearer bond)

5
1 000

(performance bond)

bond conversion
(convertiable bond)

(option)

bond discount

(bonds payable)

bonded goods
(bonded store)

bonded warehouse
bonded store

bond financing

(capital cost)

bondholder
(bond creditor)

bond indenture
(deed of trust)

indenture.
bonding company

bond issue cost

(bond discount)
(bond expense)
(deferred charge)

bond premium

(bond discount)

bond rating

(Standard & Poors Corporation)(Moodys Invetors Service Inc.)

A
B CD

Aaa

AAA

Aa

AA

Baa

BBB

Ba

BB

Caa

CCC CC

Ca

bonds outstanding

bonds payable

(long-term liability)
bond yield

(yield)(yield to
maturity).
bonus

(extra dividend)
bonus issue
(capitalization issue)(stock
dividend)

(tetained earnings)

book

books of accounts

(book value)

book audit

(1)

(2)

(3)

(financial
statement audit)

book balance

(debit balance)
(credit balance)

book inventory

(shrinkage)

bookkeeper
accounts clerk
(assistant
accountant)

bookkeeping

(single-entry
bookkeeping) (double-entry
bookkeeping).

book of final entry

(general ledger)

(main account)

 (book of
original entry)
book of orginal entry
(book of first entry) (journal) (day
book)

(ledger)
book profit

book rate of return

(accounting rate of return)
books of accounts
books
(book of chronological entry)
(book of final entry)
book value

(going concern value)

()
(market value)
(liquidation value)
book value per share
(
)(
)
(stock-holders equity)

boot

5 000
5 000
borrowing

(1) (financial instiution)

(2) (financial market)

(borrowing power).
borrowing power

bottom line

(EPS)
B/R
bills receivable
branch

(subsidiary)

branch accounting

(control
account)
(current account)
branch current account

(head office current accout)

branch ledger

brand name
(trademark)brand
name

breach of contract

breach of trust
(trustee)
(beneficiary)

breakdown

break-even analysis

BE analysis
(CVP analysis)

(break-even point).
break-even chart

BE chart

()
break-even point

(1)

(2)

break-up value

(going-concern value)

(1) (forced
sales)
(2)

bribes and kickbacks

bridging loan

British Accounting Association

(British
Accounting Review)
broker

(commodity broker)(insurance
broker)(real estate broker).
brokerage

brought down
B/D

brought forward
B/F

budget

(1)
(capital budget) (operating
budget)
(2)
(flexible budget) (fixed
budget)
budgetary control

(responsibility centers)

budget decision

bugeting

(budget management).
budget management
(budgeting)
(budget control)

(master budget)

budget variance

(overhead
variance analysis)

(spending variance)
(volume variance).

buffer stock

bull

(bear)

bullion

bull market
bullish

burden
overhead

burden rate
overhead rate
business

business accounting

(financial accounting)
(management accounting)


(nonbusiness accounting)

business barometer
(economic indicator)
business combination

(conglomerate company)

(1) (merger)

(2) (consolidation)

(3) (control interest)

50%

business cycle
trade cycle

(1) (prosperity)
(2) (recession)
(3) (depression)
(4) (recovery)

business environment

business failure

(technical insolvency)
(1) (composition)

(2) (bankruptcy)

business income
()
(net income)

(accounting income)

(economic income) (real income)

business risk
operating risk

(operation leverage)

(financial risk)

(financial leverage)

business segment
(segment).
business transaction
(external transaction)
(accounting transaction)


business trust

(trustee)

buy and hold decision

(1)

(2)

(3)

buyers credit

buying expense

buyout

(controlling interest)
(management buyout)

(employee buyout)

(leveraged buyout).
buy over
bribery.
bylaws

by-product

C
CA
chartered accountant
cable transfer

calculation

(calculation of tax)
(calculation of expense).
calculator
(electronic financial calculator).
calendar year
1 1 12 31
(natural business year)

call

(call provision)

(call
premium).

(call option)(put option)

callable bond
(redeemable bond)
(call
provision)
(call price)

callable preferred stock

(redeemable preferred stock)
(call provision)

call loan
call money

(brokers loan).
call option

(option)
call premium
(redemption premium)
(call price)

(callable bond).
call price
(redemption price)
(call premium)
(callable bond).
call provision
(callable bond).
cancelable lease
(lessee)
cancelled check
(paid check)

C & F
cost and freight
C & I
cost and insurance

capacity

(1) (ideal capacity)

(2) (practical capacity)

(3) (normal capacity)

capacity cost

capacity to borrow

capacity to contract

capital
(net worth)

(1)

(equity capital)(debt capital)

(2)
(working capital)(fixed capital)
(3)
(senior capital)
(junior capital)
capital account
C/A(owners
equity)
(proprietary account
sole trader account)
(partner account)

(stock-holders equity account)

(register of members).
capital addition
(capital asset)

(replacement).
capital allowance
(investment allowance).
capital and liabilities ratio
(capital composition).
capital appreciation
(contributed
capital in excess of par value).
capital asset

(fixed asset)

(financial asset)

(liquidity).

capital asset pricing model

CAPM
()

r = rf + (rm-rf)
r =
rf=
rm=
= ()

()

capital authorized
(articles of incorporation)

capital budget
(capital expenditure
budget)

(capital investment appraisal).

capital cost
(minimum required rate of return)
(cut-off rate of return)
(hurdle rate of return)

capital deficit
(capital impairment)

(retained earnings)

capital expenditure
capital investment, capital outlay

(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)
(revenue expenditure)

capital gain
(capital asset)

1988

capital impairment
(capital deficit)
capital intensive
()

()
capital investment
(capital expenditure)

capital investment appraisal

(capital budget)

(1) (payback period)

(2) (accounting rate of
return);
(3) (internal rate of re-

turn)
(4) (net present value)
(5) (net present value index)

(discount cash flow methods)

(time value of money)

capitalization

capitalization of earnings, capitalization of

interest.
capitalization of earnings

(NPV)
(retained
earnings)
(bonus issue)
(capitalization issue).
capitalization of interest

capitalized value

capital lease
(financing lease).
capital leverage
(financing leverage)
capital loss

(capital gain)
(ordinary income).

capital maintenance concept

()
money(financial) capital maintenance
concept
physical capital maintenance concept
(historical cost accounting)
(current
cost accounting)
capital market

(NYSE)(ASE)

(OTC market)

(money
market)

capital market line

capital market line with beta

(capital asset pricing model)

(efficient capital market)
(portfolio)

(risk premium)

capital outlay
capital expenditure.
capital-output ratio
(capital coefficient)

capital paid-in
paid-in capital

capital rationing

(NPV) (profitability
index)(net present value index)

capital reorganization
(reorganization).
capital reserve

(revenue reserve)
capital return
return of investment.
capital stock
share stock

(authorized stock)
(paid-in stock)
capital stock outstanding

capital stock premium

(additional paid-in
stock) (capital
contributed in excess of par value)
capital stock subscriptions

capital structure
(financing structure)

(
)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

capital structure decision

capital surplus
(capital contributed in excess of par value)

capital turnover
(investment turnover)

(turnover of net worth)

(turnover of total capital).
capital verification
(CPA)

CAPM
capital asset pricing model
carried interest
(working
interest)

(working interest)
carry back

(carry
over)
carrying cost
holding cost.
carrying value

(book value)

carry over

carry forward

(carry back)

CASB
Cost Accounting Standards Board

cash

cashability
(exchangeability)

cash account

cash asset

(liquid assets)
(quick assets) liquid
assets quick assets
cash audit

(voucher)

cash basis accounting

()

(accrual basis accounting)

(accrual basis accounting)

cash bonus

(bonus stock)

cash break-even analysis

X =

FC D
P V

P =
V =
FC=
D =
cash budget

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (
)
(cash flow statement)
cash cow

cash deficit

cash disbursement journal

cash payment journal

(special journal)

(cash receipts journal)

cash discount

2/10n(et)/30 10
2%
30

discount
cash dividend

1.50
(retained earnings)
(dividend in kind)

(dividend)
cash equivalent

(check)
(bank draft)(cashers check)
(certified check)

cash equivalent value

(net realizable value).

cash flow

(net cash flow)

(net income).
cash flow statement

(funds flow statement) (statement of

changes in financial position)

(1)

(2) (net cash flow)

(net income)

cash-flow to capital-expenditure ratio

cash-flow to total-debt ratio

cash forecast
(cash flow forecast)

(cash budget)

cashier

cashiers check
treasurers check, officers check

(certified check)

cash in transit

cash journal
(cash receipts journal)
(cash payment journal)
cash on delivery
COD

(cash sale)(payment in
advance)
cash on hand

cash position

cash receipts journal

(special journal)

(cash disbursements journal)

cash records

cash sale

(credit sale)

cash shortages and overages

cash statement
cash report

cash turnover ratio

cash with order

CWO(payment
with order)

casting
footing.
casual audit

CBA
cost-benefit analysis
CCA
current cost accounting
CD
certificate of deposit
ceiling

(ceiling price)
ceiling price
(administered price)

(support price)

central bank

(Federal Reserve Bank)

centralization

(decentralization)
certainty

(probability analysis)

certainty decision

6% 6%

certainty equivalent
CE

()

10 000

0.95

9 500

15 000

0.80

12 000

20 000

0.70

14 000

certainty equivalent coefficient

()
()

certificate of capital verification

certificate of deposit
(negotiable certificate
of depositNCD) CD
(time deposit)

 3
1

certificate of incorporation

certificate of indebtedness

certificate of protest

certified accountant

(certified public accountantCPA)

certified check

(cashiers
check)
certified data processor
CDP

certified financial planners

CFP
(ICFP)

financial planner.
certified financial statement

(CPA)
(auditors report).
certified information system auditor

CISA

(EDP Auditor Association)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
certified internal auditor
CIA(IIA)

(
)

certified management accountant

CMA
(NAA)

certified public accountant

CPA

(AICPA)

CPA

certifying officer
(voucher)
(voucher system).
chain discount

(trade discount) 10%

5% 90%
95%

chain liquidation

chairman of the board of director

(president)

chairmans report
(annual report)

change fund

changing prices accounting

(inflation accounting)

(general
price level accounting)

(current cost accounting)

inflation accounting.
charge

(mortgage)(fixed charge)
(floating charge).
charge account
credit account

(cash account)
charge and discharge statement
()

charge card

(American Express card)(Visa)

charge off

charge sale
credit sale
charter

chartered accountant
CA

FCA

ACA
chartered financial analyst

CFA
(FAF)

charted financial consultant

ChFC

(CFP)
(financial
planner).
chartist

(fundamentalist)

chart of accounts
classification of accounts

1
101

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)
chattel
personal property(
)
chattel

personal property
chattel mortgage

()

(lien)
check

cheque

()

(1)

(2)
(stop payment
order)

(1)
(order check)
(bearer check)
(2)
(crossed check)
(open check).

(check mark)
9
(check list)

check and balance system

(internal check).
check cleaning

(check processing center)

checking account
bank account, current account

check register

check verification

chief accountant

(controller)
chief auditor

chief cashier

chief financial officer

CFO

(treasurer)
(controller) (chief auditor)

CHIPS
clearing house interbank payment system

chronological book

(general
journal)(special journal).
CIF
cost, insurance, and freight
circularization
(confirmation letter).
circulating asset
current asset

circulating capital
working capital

claim

(claimer)
(claimee)

classification of accounts
chart of accounts.
classification of assets
(economic resources)

classification of liabilities
(obligation)

classification of stockholders equity

(1) (capital stock)

(stock option);
(2) (paid-in capital)

(3) (retained earnings)

(4) (treasury stock)

classified common stock

A B

classified trial balance

claw back

clean

clean bill of exchange

()

(documentary bill of exchange)

clean letter of credit

()

clearance

clearing.

(clearance sale)
clearance agent
clearing agent

clearance sale

clearing

70
(CHIPS)

(EFTS)

clearing account

(current account).
clearing house
bankers clearing house

(clearing)
clear-up cause

(clear-up period)
clerical error

clerk

client

closed account

closed-end mutual fund

closely-held company
privately-held company

(family company)

(publicly-held company)
closely-held corporation
closely-held company.
closing

closing adjustment

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)
(5)
(6)

closing balance

closing date

(cutoff date)

closing entry

(nominal account)
(real account)

closing price

closing trial balance

(post-closing trial balance).
CM
contribution margin
CMA
certified management accountant.
CML
capital market line.
COBOL
Common Business Oriented Language.
code

code number

Code of Professional Ethics

CPE
(AICPA)

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)

(IIA)

(CIA)
coding

coding clerk

coding of accounts
(chart of accounts)

co-financing

coin

coinsurance clause

80%
20%
()

collateral

70%
collateral bond

(trustee)

(collateral-trust bond).
collateral loan
()

collectibles

collection agency

(factoring)
collection period

(collective
policy).
collective policy

(collection letter)

(collection agency)

collusion

(fraud)
(internal control system)

columnar journal

combination
(business combination)
(merger)
(consolidation)(control interest)

combined financial statement

consolidated financial statement

(combined
statement working paper)

combined journal and ledger

comfort letter

(CPA)

commercial bank

(national bank,
)
(state bank).
commercial bill
trade bill

(bankers bill)
(treasury bill)

commercial credit
trade credit

commercial law
mercantile law

commercial paper

mercantile paper

5 1
2 3 6
(discount)

(negotiable instrument)

commission
()

commitment

purchase commitment

commitment fee

commodity

(commodity futures)

commodity exchange
(produce exchange)

Common Business Oriented Language

COBOL

(BASIC)
(FORTRAN)
common cost

()()

(joint
cost)

common dollar

(general price index)

common-size statement
(percentage statement)

100%

()

100 000

100%

20 000

20%

80 000

80%

30 000

30%

50 000

50%

common stock
ordinary share

(voting right)

common stock equivalent

CSE
(stock
option)(warrants)
(EPS)
(fully diluted
earnings per share)
Common Stock Index

(NYSE)
1600
(ticker)

(Dow
Jones Averages)
(Standard and Poors Index).
community of interest

commuted value

company
Co.
corporation

(partnership)(proprietorship).

(1)
(limited liability company)
(unlimited liability
company)
(2)
(holding company or parent
company) (subsidiary company)
(3)
(publicly-held company)
(privately-held company).
company director

()
()
()

company finance

(financial management).
company law
company act
corporate law

company reserve
(retained earnings)

company tax
(corporate
income tax)
comparability
(consistency

principle)

comparative accounting

(comparative international accounting)

(standardization of accounting)
(international accounting).
comparative statement

1980
3
5
10
compensating balance

compensatory balance

( 10%)

50 000 10%
5%

5000
= 50000 5000 2500

=11.8%

compensating errors

compensation

compensatory stock option

competitive bidding
(bidder)

(investment bank).
compilation of financial statement

(CPA)

(accountants compilation report)

complete audit
(detailed audit).
complete cycle costs
(life cycle costs)

completed contract method

(percentage of completion method)

complete transaction

(incomplete transaction)

complex capital structure

(dilutive)
()

(primary enrnings per share)

(fully diluted earnings per
share).
complex information processing

(artificial intelligence).
compliance audit

compliance test
(internal
accounting control)

(substantive test)

(test)

composite break-even point

(weighted average contribution margin)

1.00

1.250

2.250

0.60

0.375

0.975

0.40

0.875

1.275

7 600
A 60%B 40%

=0.400.6+0.8750.4=0.59
7600
= 0.59 =12 881()

composite depreciation

(composite depreciation rate)

(composite service life)

(individual depreciation)
(group depreciation)

10 000

1 000

9 000

10

900

5 500

500

5000

1250

15500

1500

14000

2150

2150
=15500 =0.139
14000
= 2150 =6.152

composition

compound amount of 1 dollar 1

1
1
1
10% 1.331

1 =(1+i)n

compound discount

compound entry

compound interest

=(1+i)n -1

i n
compound amount of 1 dollar
(simple interest)
compound interest method of depreciation

(annuity method of depreciation).

compound value
(compound amount)
(future value)(current value)

comprehensive audit
(expanded scope audit)
(financial audit)

(management audit)

comprehensive budget
(master budget).
comprehensive income
(net assets)(owners equity)

(holding gains)
(FASB)

comptroller
controller

controller
Comptroller General

(General Accounting Office).

compulsory audit
(statutory audit)

(voluntary audit)
compulsory liquidation
compulsory winding-up

(voluntary
liquidation)
COMPUSTAT
(Standard and
Poors Corporation)

3000 20

(University of
Cambridge data base)
computed price
(spot price)

(cost-plus
price)
computer

computer-aided audit

computer-aided financial management

(decision support systemDSS)

computer conferencing

(computer
network)

computer fraud

computerized accounting

computer network

(National Automated Accounting

Research System)
(Internet).
computer software
(accounting software)
(audit software)

(FASB)1985
86

concealment

(concealment
of assets)

(concealment of income)

concept
(accounting concept).
conceptual framework
(accounting standard)

1976
(conceptual framework project)
6

concern
going concern

concession

(tariff concession).
condensed balance sheet

condensed income statement

conditional acceptance

conditional bond

(income bond)
confidential information

(Code of Professional
Ethics)

confirmation letter

(positive confirmation)

(negative confirmation)

confirmed letter of credit

(issuing bank)

(confirming bank)


(confirming charge).
confiscated goods

confiscation
()

conflict of interest

conglomerate combination

(conglomerate merger)

conglomerate company

multi-industry company, group

company
(holding company)

60

conglomerate financial statement

consolidated financial statement.

conservatism

(accounting principle)
(reporting objectives)

consignment

consignment account
(consignment profit
and loss account)

consistency
(accounting principle)

consolidated financial statement

consolidation
amalgamation

(merger)

consolidation goodwill
(consolidation excess)
(purchase method)

()

(earning power)
purchase method.
consortium
(syndicate)

50%
consortium project

constant price

()

constant purchase power accounting

(general price level accounting).

constituent company

construction contract accounting

(completed
contract method)
(percentage of completion method)

construction work in process

CWIP

(construction cost)

(progress billing)

constructive dividend

constructive fraud

(GAAS)

constructive receipt

consular invoice
(customs invoice)

consultant

consultant fee

Consultative Committee of Accounting

Bodies
CCAB1970

(ASC)
(ASSP)
consumed cost
(expired cost)

Consumer Price Index

(Retail Price
IndexRPI)(cost of
living index) CPI

1967
(GNP Implicit Price Deflator)
Continental European accounting

contingency

(contingent loss)

(contingent gain)
(contingent asset)

(contingent liability).
contingency account
(contingent reserve)
(contingent fund)

contingency financial plan

contingent gain

(contingent loss)

contingent loss

(contingent gain)

continuing account

continuing appropriation

continuing investment

continuing professional education

CPE

(CPA)

continuing security
continuing guaranty

continuity postulate
going-concern postulate.
continuous audit
(recurring audit)

continuous budget

continuous inventory
(perpetual inventory).
contra account
offset account

(valuation allowance account)

(accumulated depreciation)

(adjunct account)
contract

(agreement)(promise)

(capital lease)

contract labor

contractor

(prime contractor)
(subcontractor).
contract price

(1) (fixed price)

(2) (escalation price)
(3) (cost-plus price)
(4) (market price)
(5) (futures price)

contra entry

contributed capital
(invested capital)
(paid-in capital)
(stockholders equity)

(capital stock)
(contributed capital in excess of
par value)

(additional paid-in capital)

contributed capital in excess of par value

(capital
adjustment account)

contribution

contribution margin.

contribution approach to pricing

(incremental revenue)
(incremental cost)

(contribution price)

contribution margin
(marginal income)
CM

(gross margin)

contribution margin income statement

(break-even analysis)

(conventional income
statement)
(contribution margin)
(gross margin)

()

15 000

7 000
8 000

3 600
4 400

15 000

8 900

6 100
4 500
4 400

contribution margin ratio

(marginal income ratio)
(contribution margin)

contributory pension plan

(pension fund)

(noncontributory pension plan)

control

(management)

(planning)

control account ()
controlling account

(internal check)

controllable cost

(variable cost)

controlled accounts
(subsidiary accounts)
controlled company

50%

controller
comptroller

(treasurer)

controlling company

(holding company)
(parent company)
50%

controlling-company accounting

(investment account)

(current account)

controlling interest
(business combination)

51%

50%

convention

(accounting practice).
conventional accounting
(traditional accounting).
conventional costing
(traditional costing)
conventional income statement
(traditional income
statement)

(gross margin)
(contribution margin)
(contribution
income statement)

conversion


translation conversion

conversion price

(convertible bond)

conversion rate
conversion ratio

1000
40
25 25
convertible bond

convertible preferred stock

conveyance

cook

cooked books

coownership company

Scott Bader

coownership of property

copyright

50
copyright royalty

corporate accounting

(stockholders equity)
(retained earnings)

corporate bond
bond.
corporate charter
charter.
corporate finance
(financial management).
corporate joint venture

()

joint
venture.
corporate raider

(raider firm).
corporate readjustment
readjustment.

corporate reorganization

reorganization.
Corporate Report
1975 (ASC)

corporate risk

(financial risk)
(financial leverage)
(business risk)

corporation

(public)(private)

(publicly-held)(closely-held).
corpus

(principal)
correcting entry

(1)

(2)

(3)

correspondent

correspondent bank

corruption

(corrupt practices act)

100

cost

(original acquisition
cost)(replacement cost)

(expense)

cost absorption

cost accountant

(cost
accounting).
cost accounting

(1) (job order costing)


(2) (batch costing)

(3) (process costing)

(standard
costing)(direct costing).

(special cost
analysis)
(management accounting)

(cost and management accounting).

Cost Accounting Standards

(CASB)

cost accounts

cost allocation
cost apportionment, cost distribution
(1)

(2)

(3) (allocation base)

cost analysis

cost and freight

A&F

cost and insurance

C&I

cost audit

(1)

(2)

(3)

cost basis
(cost principle)

cost-benefit analysis
CBA

(net present value)

(net present value index)
cost center
(expense center)
cost center

(profit center)
(investment center)

cost classification


(1)
(functional classification)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

cost control

cost distribution
cost allocation.
cost flow

(cost
flow assumption)
(FIFO)(LIFO)
costing

(full
costing) (absorption
costing)(direct costing)
(variable costing)
(incremental costing)
(differential costing)

cost, insurance and freight

CIF

(FOB)
cost ledger

cost object

cost of capital
(
)

(
)

20

5.14%

40%

13.40%

10%

20

17.11%

40%

16.00%

10%

()

50

100%

5.14%0.4 + 13.40%0.1 + 17.11%0.4 +

16.00%0.1 = 11.84%

cost of goods manufactured

(cost of production)

cost of good sold

cost of sales CGS
COGS
+
-
(profit and loss
account)

100

70

30

80

110

-40

()

30

cost of living adjustment

COLA

(CPI)
(escalator clause)
(threshold agreement).
cost of sales
cost of goods sold.
cost or market, whichever is lower

lower of cost or market.

cost-plus pricing

( 20%
30%)
(internal
transfer price)
cost principle

(original acquisition cost)

cost records

cost report

(
)

cost sheet

(job cost sheet)

(cost of production report)

cost variance analysis

(quantity variance)
(price variance)
(spending variance)
(volume variance)

cost-volume-profit analysis

CVP analysis

(fixed cost)
(variable cost)

(break-even analysis)
counterfeit money

(counterfeit check)
(counterfeit bank-note)
countermand

countersign

coupon

coupon bond
(bearer bond)

Court of Bankruptcy

(receiver)

covenant

cover

coverage

insurance coverage.

coverage ratio
(earnings coverage ratio)
covered interest arbitrage

CPA
certified public accountant

CPA examination

(AICPA)
()
()
(CPA certificate)

CPA firm
(accounting firm)
CPA firm

credit

(creditor)

(debtor)

(tax credit)

credit account
charge account.
credit agency
credit bureau

(credit rating)

(Dun & Bradstreet)


credit analysis

(liquidity)
(solvency) (earning
power)(capital structure)

(discriminant analysis)
credit balance

credit card

5%
(Visa)
(American Express) (Master)
(debit card)
credit control

(credit policy)
credit guarantee

credit line

(compensating balance)

credit memorandum
credit note

()
(debit memorandum)

creditor
debtee
(debtor)

creditors equity

(stockholders equity)
creditors ledger

credit policy

credit rating

(credit agency)
(Moody)
(Standard & Poor)

ABCD


(bond rating)

: 1

A1

A2

A3

credit risk

credit sale

90%
(cash sale)
credit terms
s

criminal liability

critical path accounting

(critical path
method).
critical path method
(critical path analysis)(network analysis)
CPM 1957

cross check
cross footing

crossed check

(open check)

cross rate (of exchange)

1 136.5
1.75
78
cross-reference (index)

(audit trail)
cum dividend
cum with

(ex-dividend)
cum rights

(ex-rights)

cumulative preferred stock

(cumulative dividend)

cumulative voting

currency

(negotiable instrument)

(hard currency) soft

currency)
currency depreciation

currency exchange
currency swap

(back-to-back loan)
current

(current
asset)(current liability)

(current revenue)(current expense).

current account

checking account.

C/A

current asset
circulating asset, working asset

(fixed asset)
current asset turnover

current cost
(current replacement
cost)

current cost account

(current replacement cost accounting) CCA

16
(SSAP)
33 (SFAS)

1986

current cost income

(current cost
operation income)

(cost of sales adjustment)

(depreciation adjustment)
(monetary working capital adjustment)
current expense

(expense)


(nonrecurring charge)

current liability
circulating liability

current rate method

(closing
rate method)
(functional currency)
()
(reporting
currency)

(foreign currency translation)

current ratio

50%

(quick ratio)(financial
ratio)
current replacement cost
(
)
(fair market price).
current return
current yield

(yield to maturity)

current value

(current replacement cost) (current
exit value)

present value

custodial accounting
(traditional accounting)

custodial responsibility

(custody).
custom

(customary discount)

(customary price)
(FOB)(CIF)
customers advance

customers ledger
(sales ledger)

customs declaration
bill of entry

customs duty
tariff

customs office
customs house

cutoff

cutoff date

cutoff rate (of return)

(IRR) (capital
cost)
cutoff test

cycle count
()

D
daily cash report

daily statement

damages

data

(information)
data base
DB
(file)

(DBMS)

COMPUSTAT
(University of Cambridge data base)
data base management system

(data base system)

DBMS

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
data processing
DP

(automatic data processing)

ADP(electronic
data processing) EDP
data retrieval
(pass word)

date

date backward

(date
forward)
date due
due date
date forward
(dated billing)

30
1
60

date of balance sheet

12 31
date of payment

day book
(journal)

days purchases in accounts payable

days sales in accounts receivable

days sales in inventory

dBase

dBase
plus
DCF
discounted cash flow
dead account
bad debt.
dead capital

dead stock

deal

(cash deal)
(option deal)

dealer
jobber

(foreign exchange dealer)

(securities dealer)(broker)

(over the counter)

debenture(bond)

(collateral)(lien)

(mortgage bond)
debenture capital

(bond premium)(bond discount)

debit

debit and credit convention

(accounting equation)

(-)

(+)

(-)

(+)

(-)

(+)

(-)

(+)

(+)

(-)

debit

debit card
(credit card)

(ATM)
debit entry

debit memorandum
debit note

()

(credit memorandum)

debt

debt and equity securities

debt capacity

debt capital

(equity capital)

debt-collection agency

debt coverage ratio

coverage ratio

debt crisis

debt factor
(leverage ratio).
debt financing

(cost of capital)
(capital structure)

(financial risk)
(equity financing)
debt limit
debt ceiling

debtor

(creditor)

debtors ledger

debt ratio
(debt to total
assets ratio)
debt restructuring

(debt structure)

debt service

debt structure

(risk and return relativeship)

debt to equity ratio
(debt to
net-worth ratio)

()

(capital structure).
debt to total assets ratio

50%

(financial risk)
decentralization

(decision)

(1)

(2)

(3)
(centralization)
decentralized accounting
(cost center)
(revenue center)(profit center)
(investment center)

(responsibility accounting).
decision

(financial decision)(investment decision)(financing decision)

(dividend decision)
(strategic decision)
(tactical decision).
decision analysis


(quantitative analysis).
decision chart
(decision tree)
decision making

(decision rule)

decision rule.
decision making under certainty

(decision table)(payoff table)

decision making under uncertainty

(decision table)
decision model

()

(EQQ)

decision rule

(NPV)
(IRR)

decision software package

(
)

(AIS)
(FIS)
decision support system
DSS(financial
information system)

(decision
software package).
decision table
(decision matrix)

(decision tree)
decision theory

(decision rule)

decision tree
(decision table)

(1)

(2)

(3)

0.40

$ 450 000

$ 180 000

$ 225 000 0.50

$ 200 000

$ 100 000

0.10 (-)$ 100 000

(-)$ 10 000

A
B

(2)(3)=(4)

$ 274 000
0.20

$ 320 000

$ 64 000

$ 80 000 0.60

$ 100 000

$ 60 000

0.20 (-)$ 150 000

(-)$ 30 000
$ 94 000

A =$270 000-$225 000=$45000

B =$270 000-$225 000=$45000

A B
A B
decision variable

(risk and
return relationship)

(independent variable)
(dependent variable)
(time
value of money)

declaration of bankruptcy

declaration of dividend

(declaration date)
(dividend decision).
declining-balance method (of depreciation)

reducing balance method

decommissioning cost

deconglomeration
demerger

deductions

(payroll deduction)

(tax deduction)

deed

deed of arrangement
(deed of assignment)

(trustee)

deed of trust
(trustee)

indenture

deep discount bonds

1 000 800

defalcation

(falsification of accounts)
default

default notice

default risk

(1) (business risk)

(2) (financial risk)

defeasance

defective check

Defense Contract Audit Agency

DCAA

defensive asset
(quick asset)

(defensive asset internal)

(current ratio)(quick ratio)

defensive project

(aggressive project)

deferral

deferred annuity
(deferred payment
annuity)

deferred asset
(deferred expense)
deferred compensation plan

(contributory pension plan)

(tax avoidance)
deferred credit
(deferred income)
deferred debit
(deferred expense)
deferred dividend

deferred expense
deferred charge

 (deferred debit)
(deferred asset).
deferred income
(deferred revenue)

(deferred credit) (deferred liability)

deferred income tax liability

(timing difference)

(sales basis of revenue recognition)

deferred liability
(deferred income)
deferred maintenance

deficiency

(insolvency)
(bankruptcy).

deficiency statement
deficiency account

deficit

(retained earnings)

deficit budget

deflation
()

(inflation)
deflator

degree of financial leverage

DFL(NOI)
(EPS)

degree of operation leverage

DOL
(NOI)
degree of total leverage
DTL
(EPS)

DTL=DOLDFL
de jure corporation

(de facto corporation)

del credere

(factor)

delinquency

delinquency charge

delinquency ratio
(
)

(bad debt ratio)

(collection ratio)

delist
(SEC)

()

(listing)
delivery

delivery against cash

delivery against payment
DAC

delivery expense

delivery price

(FOB)
(CIF)
Deloitte and Touche

Big
Five.
demand

demand deposit
current deposit

(time deposit)

demand draft
demand bill
(time draft)

demand loan

(time loan)
demerger
deconglomeration.
demurrage

( ) (despatch
money)
denationalization

20 16
60
100

denomination
(face value)
department

departmental accounting

(cost center)
(profit center)

departmental cost

departmental income statement

(contribution margin income

statement).
departmental overhead

departmental burden

depletion
(depletive asset)
()

(depletion expense)
(accumulated depletion)

depletion expense

deposit

(demand deposit)
(time deposit)

margin

deposit account

deposit certificate

deposit in transit

(bank statement)

depository
depositary

depository receipts

depreciable asset

(nondepreciable asset)

depreciable cost
(depreciation base)

depreciation life

(physical life)
(economic life)
depreciated cost
(depreciated value)
(original cost)
(accumulated depreciation)
depreciation

()(
)

depreciation accounting

(cost principle)

(accumulated
depreciation)

(depreciation method)
(1) (straight-line method)

(2) (accelerated depreciation method)

(sum-of-the-digits method)
(declining-balance method)
(double-declining-balance
method)

()

depreciation adjustment

(current cost accounting)

(specific price index)

depreciation allowance
(accumulated depreciation).
depreciation base
(depreciable cost)

()

depreciation expense

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)

(depreciation base)
(depreciation rate)
depreciation fund

depreciation method
(depreciation accounting).
depreciation policy

(1)
(2)

(3)

depreciation ratio

deregulation

derivative evidence

derivative instrument

(option contract)

designated securities


desk audit

detail account
(subsidiary ledger)

detailed audit
(complete audit)

20

(test)
detail ledger
(subsidiary ledger)
detection of fraud

(management audit)
devaluation

devaluation depreciation

development cost
development expense

(research and development cost).

differential analysis

dilution

dilutive securities

(convertible preferred stock)

(convertible bond).
direct access
(random access)

(sequential access) (index

access)
direct allocation method

(step-down
allocation method)
(reciprocal allocation method)

direct cost
(variable cost)

direct costing

(variable costing)
(marginal costing)

(
)

(1)
(2)
(3)

(BE analysis)
(CVP analysis)
(absorption
costing)
direct debit

(EFTS)
direct financing r

(direct placement).
direct investment

(controlling interest)

(indirect investment)

direction of testing

(trace forward)

(trace backward)

direct labor

(indirect
labor)
direct labor budget
(direct labor
cost budget) (operating
budget)

direct material

direct material budget

(operating budget)

= +

director

(outside director)
(inside director)

directors report

(annual report)

direct placement
(private placement)

(underwriter)

direct rate
(direct quotation)

1 =1.95

(indirect rate)
direct tax

direct test
(substantive test)
direct write-off method

(allowance method)
()

(matching principle)

(allowance for uncollectibles)

disbursement

(expenditure)

(expenditure)
disbursement voucher

(certifying officer)

(voucher system).
discharge

disclaimer

(auditors report).
disclosure

(footnote)

(1)

(2)

(FASB)
(SEC)

discontinued operations

(income from
continuing operations)

discount

(future value)
(present value)
(project appraisal)
(future cash flow)


(par value)

(cash discount)
(trade discount)
(quantity discount)

discounted cash flow method

DCF method

(net present value method)

(internal rate of return method)
discounted payback period

(payback period)
5 000
5 000
4 000 4 000
10%

(10%)

5 000

0.909

4 545

4 000

0.826

3 304

4 000

0.751

3 004

1.14 [1+(5000-4545)3304]
discounted rate of return

discounted value
(discounted present
value)(discount rate)

discounted factor
1+(discount rate)

(1 + r )n

r (
)n

(electronic financial calculator)

discount house

(discount market).
discount lost
discount lapsed

discount market
(financial market)

(discount house)
(bill broker)

discount on bonds payable

discount rate

(cost of capital)
discretionary cost
(managed cost)
(programmed cost)

(quality
of earnings)

(committed
cost)
discretionary trust
(trustee)

discriminant analysis
(credit analysis)

()

(Z score)
Discussion Memorandum
(FASB)

dishonor

(nonpayment)(nonacceptance)

disinvestment
negative investment

dismissal pay
severance pay, termination pay

(annuity)

(lump-sum payment)
disposal

dissolution of company

(voluntary liquidation)
(compulsory liquidation)
distraint
(
)

distress price

(mark down)

(variable-cost plus price)

distributed computer system

(data base)

distributed income

(cash dividend)
(stock dividend)
(dividend in kind)

distribution expense

diversificable risk
(unsystematic risk).
diversification

dividend

(cash dividend)
(stock dividend)
(dividend in kind)

dividend decision
(dividend policy)

(1) ()
(2)

(3)

dividend payout ratio

payout ratio

(dividend rate)
dividend rate
dividend yield

dividend reinvestment plan

DRPs

dividends in arrears
(accumulated dividend)

dividends payable

dividends per share

division

(profit center)
(investment center)
divisional contribution margin income
statement

(divisional accounting)

(contribution margin income statement).

divisional performance evaluation

(1) (ROI)
(2) (RI)

document
(transaction)

(original document)
documentary bill of exchange

dollar accountability

(fund accounting)

(operational accountability)
donated capital

double-declining-balance method of depreciation

DDB(accelerated
depreciation method)

5
100%
1/5100%=20%
40%(20%2)

1 000

1 000

40%

= 400

1 000

600

40%

= 240

1 000

360

40%

= 144

1 000

216

40%

1 000

130

86
30

100 5

30

double-entry bookkeeping

= +

(1)

(1)

(2)

(2)

(3)

(3)

double leverage

double option
(put and call option)

double taxation

(double taxation relief)

doubtful account

Dow Jones industrials averages

(Dow Jones index)

DJIA 30 (
)
1928 10 1
100

Dow Jones News Service

(computer net

work)

10-K

down payment

(installment
sales)
downturn

draft

bill of exchange

drawback

(reexport)

drawings
(sole proprietor)
(partner)

dual presentation
(complex capital structure)
(EPS)
(primary earnings per share)
(fully diluted
earnings per share)
due care
due professional care
(general standard)
()

(gross negligence)
Dun & Bradstreet Inc.

D&B

(credit agency)(credit rating)

DuPont analysis
(DuPont formula)

duty

customs dutytariff

duty free

dynamic analysis
(horizontal analysis)

E
E & OE
errors and omission excepted
earmark

earmarked loan

earned income

earned income credit

earned surplus
(retained earnings)
(accumulated income)

surplus
earnest
earnest money

earning power

(internal rate of return)

earnings

(net income)
(earnings per share)

(wage)(salary)
earned income

earnings before interest and tax

EBIT

earnings coverage ratio

coverage ratio

(debt ratio)

(1) (interest coverage ratio)

(2) (fixed
charge coverage ratio)
earnings dilution

earnings-dividend ratio

earnings per share

EPS

(complex capital structure)

(primary earnings per share)

(fully diluted earnings per
share)

earnings quality
70

earnings rate
earnings yield
(price earnings ratio)
economic appraisal
economic evaluation
(economic
benefit)
(ROI)

(capital investment appraisal)

economic benefits

economic cost

(opportunity cost)

(current cost)

(economic
income)
economic entity

economic income

(accounting income)

economic interest

economic life

(physical life)

economic obligation

(fictitious liability)
economic order quantity
(optimum order quantity) EOQ
(
)

economic resource

(fictitious
asset)
economic value

(present value)
(book value)
ED ()
exposure draft
effective interest method

effective interest rate

10 000
10%(compensating
balance) 5%
1000
1000
=
= 11.8%
10000 1000 5000 8500

effectiveness

(efficiency)

effective rate of return

(financial expense)
(capital cost)
effective tax rate

efficiency

(cost efficiency)
(economic efficiency)
(technical efficiency)

efficiency audit
(management audit)
(performance audit)

(1)
(2)

efficiency variance
(quantity

variance)(usage variance)
efficient portfolio

(portfolio
management)
electronic cash register

electronic data processing

EDP

(1) (batch processing)

(2) (on-line processing)
(3) (real-time processing)
electronic exchange
(securities exchange)

(computer network)

electronic financial calculator

electronic funds transfer system

EFTS
(electronic banking)

electronic mail

MCI AT&T
(Internet)
electronic money
(EFTS)

(cash-less/check-less economy)
electronic point of sale
EPOS

elements of financial statement

elimination
(consolidated financial statement)

(elimination entry)
(elimination
ledger)

embezzlement

(1)
(2)
(3)

(internal check
system) (internal audit
system)
emergency fund

emoluments

employee benefit
fringe benefit
employee fraud

(management fraud)
employee pension

(pension)
employee report

(employment report)
Employee Retirement Income Security Act

ERISA 1974
(pension plan)

employee stock ownership plan

(employee purchase
plan) ESOP

(bonus stock)

(portfolio)

employers liability insurance

employment report
(annual report)

(social responsibility statement)

(employee report)
encumbrance
incumbrance

(commitment)
endorsement
indorsement

(payee)

(1) (blank endorsement)

(2) (special endorsement)

(3) (restrictive endorsement)

(4) (qualified endorsement)

endowment fund

energy audit

(energy cost)

20%~40%
energy cost

engagement letter

enrolled agent
(IRS)
5
(income tax specialist)

enterprise

enterprise accounting

(department accounting)
enterprise fund

entertainment expense

(IRS)

50%
entity
(accounting entity)
(economic
unit)

(entity theory)
entity theory

=
(proprietorship theory)
=+

entrepreneur

(entrepreneur ability)

entry

entry value
(entry price)

(exit value)

equalization

70%
80%

(dividend rate)
equation method
(BE analysis)
(CVP analysis)

=++

P X V
FC

PX=VX+FC+

PX=VX+FC+0

equipment

(machinery and
equipment)(delivery equipment)

equipment financing
(equipment leasing)
(equipment trust)

equipment leasing

(1) (financing lease)

(2) (operating lease)

(3) (sale and leaseback)

(lease)
equipment replacement

equipment-trust bond
equipment-trust certificate
()

equity
(interest)
(owners equity)
(net worth)

(entity theory)

equity
equities
equity account

equity capital

(debt
equity)
equity capital to total debit ratio

(debt to equity ratio)

equity capital turnover

equity dilution

equity financing
(capital stock)

(debt financing)
equity method
(consolidated financial
statement)
20%~50%

(cost method)
equity security

(stock
right)(stock warrant)(option)
(debt security)

equity transaction

equivalent cash

equivalent units
equivalent production
(process costing)

1000
80% 800
Ernst and Young

Big
five
error

(1) (error of principle)

(2) (error of original entry)
(3) (error of posting)

(internal
check system)

(prior period
adjustment)

errors and omission excepted

E&OE

escalator clause

escapable cost
avoidable cost
estate

(testator)
(executor)

(administrator)
estate accounting

estate tax
estate duty

60

estimate

(estimated cost)

(estimated liability)

estimated liability

(contingent liability)

estimated realizable value

estimated salvage value

(salvage value)
estimated tax

90%

estimated useful life

(economic life)
(physical life)
estimation sampling

()(
)(
)
(estimation sampling for attributes)
(estimation
sampling for variables)
estimator

ethics

(code of professional ethics)

Eurodollar

Euro
(external)(off shore)

(Eurodollar loan)

(Eurobond)

Euroequity market
(equity securities)

European option

(American option)

evaluation of asset

evaluation of internal control

(external auditor)

(1)

(2)
(3)
(4) (internal check)
(internal audit)

(5)

event

(accounting event)

(PERT)

evidence

(documentary)(oral)
(direct)(indirect)

ex
without
(ex dividend)(ex right)

ex

(ex dock)(ex
factory)
examination

(audit)

(CMA)
(CFP) CPA
examination

except for opinion

(qualified opinion)
exceptional item

(extraordinary item)

exception principle

(cost principle)

exception report

(variance)

10%

excess burden

excess capacity
over capacity

excess cash

excess earnings accumulation tax

(IRS) 25
(retained earnings)

excess liquidity

excess-profit tax
EPT

excess salary

exchange

(NYSE)
exchange contract

forward exchange contract

exchange gain and loss
foreign exchange gain or loss
exchange rate
foreign exchange rate
exchequer bill

excise tax
excise duty

ex-dividend
XD
(date of record)

(cum dividend)

ex-dock
ex quay ex wharf

execution of contract

executive

chief executive

executive compensation
executive pay package

executive director

executive stock acquisition plan

(stock acquisition
plan)
executory contract

executory cost
(capital lease)
(minimum lease
payment)

exempt corporation

exempt goods
(excise tax)(VAT)

exempt income
(taxable
income)

exemption

(exempt
income),
(municipal bond)

exercise

exercise price
striking price(option)

ex-factory
ex mill, ex works

exhibit

ex-interest
(flat)
exit value

(current selling price)(net re-

alizable value)
expanded scope audit
(comprehensive audit)
(financial audit)

expectation
anticipation

expected annual volume

(predetermined overhead rate)

expected cash flow

expected return

(cash flow)

(expected yield)

(target rate of return)

(required rate of return)
expected value

(decision tree)
expected yield

expenditure

disbursement
disbursement

expenditure reduction

expenditure variance
(spending variance)
expense

(expired cost)

(expenditure)
(disbursement)
(
)(net income)

(revenue)

(loss)

expense account

expense allocation
expense distribution

(
)(direct
expense)

()
(indirect expense
overhead)
(1) (direct-labor cost)
(2) (direct-labor
hours)
(3) (machine-hours)
expense budget

expense center
(cost center)
expense payable

expense variance
(standard cost system)

expired cost
consumed cost

exponential smoothing

exposure draft
ED

ex-rights
XR

(cum-rights)

extension
renew

(composition)

external account
(financial accounting)
external audit

(internal audit)

external auditor

(internal auditor)

external document

(audit evidence)
(internal document)

external financing

()

externalities

(external benefit)
(external cost)
external transaction

(internal transaction)
extraordinary gain and loss

extraordinary general meeting

extraordinary repair

ex-warehouse
(ex factory)

F
face value
par value, nominal value

factor
(factoring)
factoring

(factor)
(
)

factory cost
(manufacturing cost)

factory ledger

factory overhead
(manufacturing overhead)
failure
(failure in business)

(bankruptcy)

fair market price(value)

(forced sale value)

(liquidation value)
fairness

(GAAP)

(present fairly)

fair rate of return

fair transfer price

(internal transfer price)

false entry

false returns

FASB Statements
Statements of Financial Accounting
Standards
favorable financial leverage

(positive financial
leverage)

favorable variance
favorable difference

feasibility analysis

(technical
feasibility)(economic feasibility)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(economic feasibility)
feasible solution
(LP)

(constraints)
(feasible region)
(corner point)
Fed
Federal Reserve System
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

(Fed)

10

(bank run)

federal income tax

Federal Insurance Contribution Act Tax

FICA tax

5%
1 000
100 50
50

Federal Reserve Banks

FRB
12 24

federal unemployment tax

federal withholding tax

FWT

(FICA tax)
fee

()

100
5000
feedback

FEI
Financial Executive Institute
fellow members

(Institute of Charted Accountants in England and Wales)


(fellow of charted accountantsFCA)
(associate member)
fictitious asset
(deferred asset)

(preliminary expense)
(economic resource)

fictitious liability
(deferred liability)

(economic obligation)

fidelity bond
fidelity bond insurance

fiduciary

(trustee)
(executor)(receiver)

(prudent investment rule)

(trustor)
fiduciary accounting

(trustee)
(executor)(receiver)

(cash basis)
field audit

(physical inspection)

(paper audit)

field auditor
(traveling auditor)

FIFO
first-in, first-out method
figure

file

(record)
(accounts receivable record)
(accounts receivable file)
filling status

final audit

(subsequent events)

(interim
audit)

final dividend
(year-end dividend)

(liquidating dividend)

final inventory

(perpetual inventory)

(periodic inventory)

final statement
final accounts

finance

(financial management)finance
public finance
finance

financial accounting

(external accounting)

(managerial accounting)

Financial Accounting Standards Board

FASB1973
(APB)

(1) (Statements
of Financial Accounting Concepts)
(2) (Statements
of Financial Accounting Standards)
(3)
(Interpretation of Statements of Financial
Accounting Standards)

(SEC)
(AICPA)
financial accounts
financial statement
financial adviser
financial advisor FA

(financial
service)
financial analysis
()

(financial
analyst)

financial analysis software

(Dow Jones News Service)

financial analyst

(FAF)


Financial Analysts Federation

FAF

financial asset

(1) (liquidity)

(2) (risk)

(default risk)
(market risk)

(3) (yield)
(ROI)
(current yield) (maturity
yield)

financial audit
(traditional audit)
(convention audit)

(1)
(2)

(3)

(management audit)

financial budget

(cash budget)

(operating budget)
(capital expenditure budget)(capital financing budget)
financial capital
(money capital)

financial capital maintenance concept

(physical capital maintenance

concept)
financial crisis

financial decision

(investment decision)(financing
decision)(dividend decision)

financial executive

(treasurer)(controller)

Financial Executives Institute

FEI 1931

(Corporate Reporting Committee)

(SEC)

financial expense

financial forecast

(1) (percentage of sales

method)

(2) (regression analysis)

(3) (financial modeling)

financial futures

30%

(future contract)
financial highlight
(annual report)

(1)
(2)
(3)

financial guarantee

financial information system

(decision
software package)
(decision
support system)
financial institution
(financial intermediary)

(commercial bank)(mutual
saving bank)(saving and
loan association)(credit
union)

financial instrument

financial leverage
(capital leverage)

()

(leverage)(leverage ratio)
financial leverage ratio
(leverage ratio)
financial management

financial market

(1)
(money market)
(discount market)
(capital
market)
(2)
(spot market)
(future market)(option
market)
(3)
(primary market)
(secondary market)
financial objective

(profit maximization)
(wealth maximization)
wealth maximization
financial planner

(CFP)

financial position
financial condition

financial position statement

statement of financial position
(balance sheet)
financial ratio

()(profitability ratio)
(1) (rate of return on total asset)

(2) (rate of return on stockholders equity)

(3) (rate of return on common stock equity)

(4) (rate of return on sales)

(5) (earnings per share of common stock)

(6) (price-earnings ratio)

(1) (inventory turnover)

(2) (days of average inventory on hand)

365

(3) (receivables turnover)

()(activity ratio)

(4) (average collection period of receivables) 365

(5) (turnover of plant and equipment)

(6) (total asset turnover)

()(liquidity ratio)

(1) (times-interest earned)

(2) (current ratio)

(3) (acid-test or quick ratio)

()(financial structure ratio)

(1) (equity ratio)

(2) (debt to equity ratio)

financial ratio analysis

(financial analysis)

(financial analysis)
financial report

Financial Reporting Release

FRR

()

(Accounting Series Release)

(GAAP)
Financial Reporting Standards

FRS
(Accounting Standard Board)
1991
Accounting Standard Committee
(SSAP)
financial risk

(debt financing)
(leverage)

(business risk)
financial statement
accounts
(statement of cash
flows)

financial statement analysis

(1)

(2)

(profitability analysis)
(liquidity analysis)
(ratio analysis)

financial statement audit

(balance sheet audit)

(income statement audit)
financial statement footnotes

footnotes

financial statement structure

(articulate)

(asset-liability view) (revenue-expense

view) (not-articulated
view)

financial structure
(capital structure)
Financial Times Ordinary Share Index

(Financial Times
Index) 30

(Dow Jones Index)

financial year
(fiscal year)

fiscal year
financing

financing cost

(capital cost)
financing decision

financing lease
(financial lease)
(capital lease)

(operating lease)

finder

fine

finished goods inventory

finished product inventory

(gross profit) (inventory

control)
finished goods turnover

firm

first-in, first-out method

FIFO
(inventory assumption)

(LIFO)

fiscal agent

fiscal year

(financial year)
FY 12

(calendar year)
(natural business year)
6 30

10 1 9
30
fixed asset
(long-term asset)

(property, plant and equipment)

(depreciation)

(current asset)

fixed assets accounting

(depreciation
accounting)
depreciation accounting
fixed assets audit

fixed-assets to equity-capital ratio

(stockholders equity)
1

fixed-assets turnover

fixed budget
(static budget)

(flexible budget)
fixed capital
(fixed asset)

fixed charge

(fixed cost)

(floating charge)
fixed-charge coverage ratio

(net income before tax and fixed

charge)

fixed cost(expense)
(constant cost)
(nonvariable cost)

()

(direct costing)

(variable
cost)
fixed deposit
time deposit
fixed interest securities

fixed liability
(long-term liability)
fixed overhead

(direct costing)


fixed overhead spending variance

(fixed
overhead budget variance)

()

=-

fixed overhead variance

(fixed overhead
spending variance)
(fixed overhead volume variance)
(overhead variance
analysis)
fixed overhead volume variance

(denominator variance)

=(-)

fixture

flash report

(exception report)

flat rate

(proportional
tax)
flexible budget
(variable budget)
(dynamic budget)

(fixed budget)

float

(underwriter)
(floatation cost)

(floating exchange rate)

floatation cost

(underwriting
spread)

floating asset
current asset
floating capital
working capital
floating charge


(fixed charge)
floating liability
current liability
flow assumption

(FIFO)(LIFO)
(weighted average)

flow chart

(flow of
costs)

flow of cash

flow of costs

flow of funds

flow statement

(funds statement)
(cash flow statement)
folio

folio reference

(folio reference column)

footing
casting

footnotes
notes

for cash
(for money)

forced sale
(forced auction)

forced sale value

(liquidation value)

force majeure
superior force

forecast

(financial forecast)
forecasted statement

(forecasted balance sheet)

(forecasted income statement)

foreclosure

(mortgage loan)

(mortgagee)

(mortgagor)
foreign bill of exchange

foreign bond

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

FCPA 1977

Foreign Credit Insurance Association

FCIA 50

(Export-Import bank)

foreign currency

foreign currency account

foreign currency deposit

(foreign currency account)
foreign currency futures

(forward exchange contract)

foreign currency option

(foreign currency futures)

foreign currency securities

(depository receipts)
foreign currency statement

(functional currency)
(reporting currency)
(foreign currency translation)

foreign currency transaction

(foreign exchange transaction)

(one-transaction method)
(two-transaction method)
foreign currency translation

(functional currency)

(reporting currency)
(SFAS)

(1)

(2)

(3)

foreign currency translation risk

(translation gain or loss)

foreign direct investment

foreign exchange

FX

foreign exchange broker

foreign exchange dealer

exchange dealer

foreign exchange gain or loss

(1)

(2)

foreign exchange market

foreign exchange rate

(1) (direct quotation)

(direct rate)
(2) (indirect quotation)
(indirect rate)

(spot foreign
exchange rate)

foreign exchange risk

(foreign exchange gain or loss)

(foreign exchange risk management)

foreign exchange risk management

(1)
(foreign exchange
exposure)
(2)

(3)

(4) (forward exchange contract)

(5)
(6) (factoring
of foreign currency receivables)
(7)

(8) (swap)

foreign exchange settlement

foreign exchange transaction

(foreign currency transaction)

foreign income

foreign tax credit

forfeiture

forgery

formation expense
organization cost
form of balance sheet

(1) (account form)

(2) (report form)

forms control

Formula Translator
FORTRAN

forward accounting

(historical accounting)

forward exchange contract

()

(foreign exchange risk

management)
forward exchange rate
forward rate

30~180
(current exchange rate)

(forward exchange contract)

forward financial statement

(forecasted
statement)
founders shares
promoters stock

fractional currency
fractional coin, fractional money

fractional share

100
(bonus issue)
franchise

(franchisee)

(franchisor)

(franchise
fee)

fraud

(1) (employee fraud)

(2) (management fraud)

fraud audit

(GAAS)

(illegal acts)
fraudulent misrepresentation

fraudulent returns

(tax fraud)

free exchange rate

(official exchange rate)

freehold

(leasehold)
free of charge
FOC

free of income tax

free on board
FOB

(CIF)

free surplus

(unappropriated retained earnings)

free trade

freeze

freight

freight cargo

freight-in(ward)

freight-out(ward)

frequency distribution

0,1,2,3 50
10 20

12 8

10

20

12

8
50

(histogram) (bar
chart)
fringe benefit
(employee benefit)

(pension)
(medical and life insurance premium)
(vacation pay)

35%

front-end finance

front-end load
(
)
(back-end load)

frozen account

frozen credit
frozen loan

full audit
complete audit

(test audit)
(test)
full cost

full costing
(absorption costing)
(direct costing)
(variable costing)

full cost-plus pricing

(cost-plus pricing)

20%

full cost pricing

(internal transfer price)

full disclosure
adequate disclosure

(1)

(2)

(3)

full faith and credit bond

(general obligation
bond)

(revenue bond)

fully depreciated asset

(
)

fully diluted earnings per share

(fully diluted earnings per share)(primary

earnings per share)(EPS)
(dual presentation)
fully vested
15

(vested interest)
functional accounting
(responsibility accounting)
functional classification

functional currency
(local
currency)(foreign currency
translation)

(host country)

(host country)
(reporting currency)
fund

(1) (petty cash fund)

(2)
(replacement-and-renewed fund)
(3) (contingent fund)
(4) (sinking fund)
(5) (pension fund)

(1) (general fund)

(2) (special revenue
fund)
(3) (debt service fund)
(4) (special assessment
fund)
(5) (capital projects fund)

fund account

fund accounting

fundamental analysis

(horizontal
analysis)(vertical analysis)
(ratio analysis)

(chart analysis)
(technical analysis)

fund asset

fund balance

funds
working capital
funds flow statement

(cash flow statement)

funds statement
(funds flow statement)
furniture and fixtures

futures

(futures contract)
futures contract
(futures price)

futures exchange

(futures market)
70

(financial futures)
futures price

(spot price)

future value
(terminal value)
(compound amount) FV

(present value)
(present
value)
future value interest factor

FVIF(compound
interest rate) future value interest
factor table
future value interest factor table

(compound interest table)

(electronic financial calculator)

G
gain

gain income
gain
(nonrecurring transaction)
(incidental transaction)
income
gain and loss account
loss and gain account

garnishee
(judgment
debtor)
(garnishment order)

garnishment

gearing
(leverage)
gearing ratio
(leverage ratio)
general accountant

General Accounting Office

GAO

(comprehensive audit)

(Comptroller General)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GATT1947

1994

1995 1 1
(WTO)
general and administrative expense

(operating expense)
general auditor

(treasurer)
(controller)

general cash

(special cash)

general cashier

general creditor

general crossed check

(crossed check)

(special crossed check)

general fund

(special fund)

general journal
(special journal)

general ledger

(journal)

()
(controlling account)
(subsidiary ledger)

generally accepted accounting principles

GAAP

(APB)(FASB)

generally accepted auditing standards

GAAS

(ASB)

(Code
of Professional Ethics)

general meeting of stockholders

general mortgage
(mortgagor)

general mortgage bond

general partner
(jointly and
severally liability)
(limited partner)

general price index

(Consumer Price Index)

(retail price index)

(specific
price index)
general price level accounting

GPL accounting
(CPI)

(
)

70

(current-cost
accounting)

general purpose financial statement

(GAAP)
(special purpose financial statement)

general standard( of audit)

(ASB)

(1)
(2)

(3)
(due professional care)
gift

(contribution)

gift tax

(estate tax)
20 000

gilt-edged security

(credit rating) AAA

glamour stock

global accounting
(international accounting)
globalization

(standardization of accounting)
goal congruence

(responsibility center)

goal programming

goal seeking

20%(ROI)

(Interactive
financial
planning
system-IFPS)
going concern

(going-concern postulate)
going-concern postulate

(going-concern value)

going-concern value
(going-concern postulate)
going private
go private

(repurchased stock)

(going
public)
going public
go public

(going private)

gold arbitrage

gold bullion

24k 350 430

gold card
gold credit card

gold clause
(gold proviso
clause)

golden parachute

gold futures

(futures contract)
goods and services

(revenue)
goods in process
work in process
goods-in-process inventory
work in process inventory
goodwill

(intangible asset)
40
government accounting

(encumbrance)

Governmental Accounting Standards Board

GASB
1984
(FAF)

(FASB)

government audit

(General Accounting Office)

(comptroller general)

(National Audit Office)

(comptroller and audit general)
government auditor

(GAO)

government bond

5 10
(government securities)

(gilt-edged securities)
(portfolio)

government corporation

(public-utility company)
government subsidy

grace period
period of grace

grant

graphical method
(graphical technique)

graphic display
(visual display)

graphic software
s

greenback

greenmail payments
(acquired
company)(acquiring
company)

gross
(net)

gross book value

gross income

(gross profit)

(net income)

 gross revenue(gross
sales)
gross margin
(gross profit)(gross
profit ratio)
gross national product
GNP

(gross national product per capital)

gross price method
()

(net price method)

gross profit
gross margin(gross income)

gross-profit method
(gross profit test)

(plug)
100 20%
80
105

105 80 =25

(1)

(2)

gross profit ratio

gross margin ratio

(net profit ratio)

gross sales

(discount) (allowance)

gross wage
gross pay

(FICA
tax)
gross working capital

(net working
capital)
(working capital)
gross yield

group accounts

consolidated financial
statement
group depreciation

(composite
depreciation)

group financial statement

(consolidated statement)

conglomerate financial statement

growth rate a

(1) (earnings per share)

(2) (net income)

(3) (retained earnings)

growth stock

guaranteed bill
backed bill

guaranteed bond

(endorsement)

guaranteed letter of credit

guarantor
surety(guarantee)

guaranty funds

H
half finished goods
goods in process

half-stock
50

half-year closing

(half-year statement)
half-year convention

Hang Seng Index

33

hard copy

hard currency
hard money

(soft
currency)

hard loan

hardware

(CPU)
(CRT)

harmonization of accounting

(harmonization)

(directive)
)(standardization)

(standardization of accounting)

heading

head office

head office control account

head office current account

(branch accounting)

(owners equity)

hedge

(hedge buying)(hedge
selling)
hedge buying
(spot market)

(future market)

(hedge selling)

hedge selling
(spot market)

(future market)

(hedge buying)
hidden assets

(contingent asset)
hidden liability
(off-balance-sheet financing)
(contingent liability)
hidden reserve
(secret reserve)

high-grade securities

(Standard and Poors Corporation)

A
high-level language
(compiler
language)
(assembler language)

(COBOL)
(FORTRAN)
high-leveraging
(high-gearing)

(leverage ratio)
highlight
financial highlight
high-low method

y=a+bx

y a
b x
a b

b=

a= b

high-yielders
high-income bond

hire purchase

( 1 )

hire purchase accounting

(installment
method)
historical cost
(original acquisition cost)

historical cost accounting

(conventional accounting)(traditional accounting)
HCA

(current
cost accounting)
historical cost depreciation

(depreciation adjustment) (current cost

depreciation)
historical cost principle
(accounting principle)

(1)

(2)

historical summary

holdback

holder

(stockholder)
(bondholder)
holder in due course

holders of record
(stock register)

holding assets

holding company
(parent company)

50%

(1)

(2)

(1)
(2)
(negative leverage)

holding cost
carrying cost

26%
15% 3%
7% 1%
holding gain or loss

()

holding period

(wash transaction)
(capital
gain)
home country

(host country)

home currency
(reporting currency)

home currency transaction

(foreign
currency transaction)
home office
head office
honor

(dishonor)
honorarium

horizontal analysis
(trend analysis)
(dynamic analysis)(time
series analysis)

1996 10
1997 20
100%
(vertical analysis)(static analysis)
horizontal audit

(vertical audit)
horizontal combination

(vertical combination)

host country

(home country)

hot money

hourly wage rate

hour rate variance

=(

human assets

(capitalized value)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)


human resource accounting
(human asset accounting) HRA

(earning power)

hurdle rate
minimum required rate of return

hypothecated account

hypothecation
(pledge)

I
idle capacity

idle-capacity cost

(under
absorbed overhead)
idle money

idle time

idle time cost

illegal acts

54

(1)

(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)

(disclaimer opinion)
(adverse opinion)
illegal dividend

(capital surplus)

illiquid assets

illiquidity
(liquidity)

(quick asset)

impairment of capital

impairment of value

imperfect information

(full disclosure)

imperfect market

impersonal account

implicit cost

(trade credit)

(explicit
cost)

import credit
(import financing)

import declaration

import duty

impound

imprest fund
(petty cash fund)

(imprest system)

imprest system

improvement and extensions

imputed cost

(opportunity cost)

(outlay cost)

imputed interest

inactive money
(idle money)
inactive securities

inadequacy

(abnormal wear and tear)

(technological obsolescence)

inadmitted asset
unadmitted asset
(liquidation value)
in arrears

inavoidable cost

in bond

(bonded warehouse)


incentive stock option
ISO

incentive wage system

incentive plan

(basic piece rate)

(accelerating bonus)

(profit sharing)(stock option)

(deferred compensation)
in-charge accountant
accountant in charge
income

(net income)(gross income)

(revenue)(sales)

income account

(revenue and expense summary account)

(income summary) income
summary
income before interest and tax

earnings before interest and tax

income bond

(reorganization bond)

income concept

(1)
(money income)

(2)
(real income)

income deduction
(nonoperating expense)

income distribution account

(temporary account)

income from continuing operations

income from discontinued operations

income per share

earnings per share
income quality
earnings quality
income realization

income smoothing

(earnings quality)

(discretionary
cost)

(financial analyst)

income statement
profit and loss statement

()
()

()
()

income statement account

(nominal account)
(balance sheet account)
income statement audit

(financial audit)

(1)

(2)

(3)

income summary
(income and
expense summary account)
(temporary account)

()

income tax

(personal income tax)

(corporate income tax)
(tax
bracket)

35%

income tax credit

(tax credit)
income tax payable

(accelerated depreciation method)


(straight-line method)

incorporated
Inc. Ltd.

incorporation

(incorporator)
(articles
of incorporation)(charter)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
incremental analysis
(marginal analysis)

(incremental
cost)
(incremental
revenue)

incurred cost
(actual cost)
(budget cost)

indebtedness
(debt)
in default

indenture
(trust indenture)
(deed of trust)

(bond indenture)

independence

(attest function)

(1)
(2)

(3)

independent accountant
(public accountant)

(attest function)
independent auditor
(independent accountant)
independent variable

(dependent
variable)
index

index number

index access

(sequential
access)(direct access)
indexation

(bracket creep)
(CPP accounting)
(GPL accounting)

indexed bond

(indexation)
indexed pension

(indexation)
index number

100

5 6
120%

index number trend series

(trend analysis)
index of cost of living

(Consumer
Price Index)(Index
of Retail Price)
Index of Retail Price

(Consumer Price Index)

indirect arbitrage

indirect cost
overhead

(direct cost)
indirect investment
(portfolio investment)

(direct investment)

indirect labor

indirect liability

indirect material

indirect rate
(indirect quotation)

1 =0.53 (direct
rate)
indirect tax

(excise tax)(sales tax)

(direct tax)

individual depreciation

(group depreciation)
(composite depreciation)

individual income

individual investment

(institutional investment)

individual proprietorship
sole proprietorship
individual retirement account

IRA 1975

indorsement
endorsement

indorser
endorser
industrial accident reserve

industrial accounting
(cost accounting)

(cost
and management accounting)
industrial development bond

IDB
(industrial revenue bond)

industrial property
(patent)(industrial
design)(trade mark)

Industry Audit Guide

industry ratios
(industry standard)
(financial ratio)

(Dun
& Bradstreet)

125
14

300 16

inflation

inflation accounting

70

(general price level accounting) 80

(current
cost accounting)
inflation risk premium
(risk premium)

informal record


information

information benefit

information cost

information processing
(data processing)

(information generation)
(information retrieval)

information retrieval
(data base)
(index access)(sequential access)
(direct access)
information system
(data processing system)

inheritance tax

(estate tax)

initial audit
(audit contract)

(audit
program)(repeating audit)

initial capital

(1)
(2)
(3)

initial public offering

IPO
(unquoted company)

in kind

input

input cost

input-output analysis

(national income accounting)

(reciprocal
allocation method)

input value

(cost principle)(output value)

inquiry

(audit evidence)

inside director
(executive director)

(outside director)
insider

insider dealing
insider trading

insider information

insolvency

(solvency)
(bankruptcy)
inspection

inspection certificate

inspector

Inspector General
1978

installment

installment account
(installment accounts
receivable)

installment bond

installment method( of revenue recognition)

()

(
)
installment sale

(down

payment)

Institute of Certified Financial Planners

ICFP
(CFP)

()
institute of certified public accountants

(AICPA)

(institute of chartered accountants)

Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

ICAEW

(Accountancy)
(Accounting and
Business Research)
Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts

ICFA(FAF)
1947
(CFA)

Institute of Internal Auditors

IIA

1941

Institute of Management Accounting

(NAA)
1972
(CMA)
institutional accounting

(nonprofit accounting)
institutional investors

instrument

(negotiable instrument)
insurance
assurance

(insurer
underwriter)
(insured
policyholder)
(insurance policy)

(1) (disability insurance)

(2) (health insurance)
(3) (life insurance)
insurance coverage

insurance expense
insurance premium

1%
0.5%
intangible asset
immaterial asset, incorporeal asset
(capital asset)(patent)(trademark)
(goodwill)

40
(tangible asset)
intangible value

integrated data processing

IDP

integrated software
(integrated
software package)

intellectual property

intercompany account

(intercompany
transaction)

intercompany comparison

(trade
association)

intercompany elimination

(elimination
ledger)
intercompany income

(consolidated financial statement)

(elimination)
interest

(time value of
money)

(simple interest)(compound
interest)(principal)

10 2
20%

(minority interest)

(majority interest)
interest arbitrage

interest bearing investment

interest bearing note

interest coverage ratio

(times-interest earned ratio)

(financial ratio) (earnings

coverage ratio)

interest expense
interest charge

interest group

(accounting objective)
()
(
)
(Corporate Report)

interest on investment

interest on overdraft

(overdraft)
interest rate

(1)
(fixed interest rate)
(variable interest rate)
(2)
(nominal interest rate)
(effective interest rate)
(3)
(prime interest rate)
(open market interest rate)
(4)
(interest per annum)
(interest per mensem)
(interest per
diem)
interest rate risk

(financial risk)

interim audit

(final audit)

interim dividend

(year-end dividend)
interim financial statement

interlocking directorate

intermediate product

internal accounting
(management accounting)
internal accounting control
(internal control system)

(internal check)
(internal audit)
(internal administrative control)

internal audit
(responsibility audit)

(internal control system)

(external audit)

internal check

(1)

(2)

(3)

(internal
control system)
internal control questionnaire

(written narrative) (system

flow chart)
internal control system

(1)

(2)
(3)

(4)
(internal accounting control)
(internal administrative
control)
(SAS)

internal documents

(audit evidence)

internal financing
()

(external financing)
internal rate of return

IRR

(capital cost)

internal reporting

(external report)

Internal Revenue Service

IRS
(Internal
Revenue Code)

internal transaction

(accounting transaction)

(external
transaction)
internal transfer price
(international transfer
price)

international accountant
(IFA)

international accounting

(1) (comparative international accounting)

(2) (standardized
international accounting)

(3) (operational international accounting)

International Accounting Standard

IAS
(IASC)

31

International Accounting Standard Committee

IASC

1973

85 110

International Auditing Guidelines

IAG(IFA)
(IAPC)

(IAS)
International Auditing Practices Committee

IAPC(IFA)

(International Auditing
Guidelines)

International Auditing Standard

International Standards on Auditing(International

Auditing Guidelines)
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
(Word Bank)
IBRD

(International Development Association)

(International Finance Corporation)

international bonds

(Eurobond)
(foreign bond)

international capital market

(international monetary market)

(international depositary receipt)

international consortium of bank

international corporation
(multinational corporation)

multinational corporation
international depositary receipt

IDR

(American depositary receipt)

(European depositary receipt)
International Development Association

IDA
1960


international development bank

(ADB)(ADB)
(IDB)

(IBRD)
(IFC)
(IDA)
international double tax

(1) (tax exemption

method)
(2) (tax credit method)
(3) (tax deduction method)
International Federation of Accountants

IFA1977
(ICCAP)

(IASC)
International Financial Corporation

IFC
1956

international investment
(foreign investment)
(direct
investment)(portfolio investment)

internationalization of accounting

(standardization of accounting)
International Monetary Fund

IMF
150

international monetary market

(international capital market).

international money management

(1)

(2)

(3)
(lead and leg)

(4) (pooling)
international payment system

(international settlement)
international securities

(international depositary receipt)

international settlement

(1) (remittance)
(2) (bill of exchange)
(3) (letter of credit)
international tax

(double taxation relief)

international transaction

(foreign currency transaction)

international transfer price
(internal transfer
price)
Internet
20

interperiod tax allocation

(timing difference)

(
)
timing
difference
interpolation

interpretation

(Interpretation
of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard)

intracompany comparison

(intercompany
comparison)
intrinsic value

(fundamental analysis)(
)

inventory

stock

(lower of cost
and market)

inventory accounting

inventory control
stock control

(EQQ)

(ABC system of inventory control)

inventory cost
(acquisition cost)

(1) (holding cost)

(2) (stock out cost)

inventory flow assumption

(flow assumption)
inventory holding gain or loss

inventory system

(perpetual inventory) (periodic inventory)

inventory turnover

=()

(Dun &
Bradstreet)

inventory valuation
inventory pricing

(specific identification
method)(FIFO)
(LIFO) (weighted average
method)(flow assumption)
invested capital
(net worth)
(
)
investment

(project in-

vestment) (portfolio investment)

(real investment)
(capital asset)

(financial investment)
()
investment adviser
investment counselor

(
)

(SEC)

investment allowance
(capital allowance)

investment analysis

(investment adviser)

investment bank

investment center

(1) (ROI)
(2) (residual income)
investment club

(SEC)
investment company
(investment trust)
(securities company)

(1) (open-end investment company)

(2) (close-end investment company)
investment decision
(capital expenditure
decision)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(capital investment
appraisal)
investment environment
investment climate

investment guarantee

(Overseas Private Investment Corporation)

investment management
(investment project)
(project management)
(portfolio investment)
(1)

(2)

(
)

(3)

investment software

(computer program)

investment tax credit

ITC

investment turnover
(capital turnover)

=+

invisible asset
intangible asset
invisible earnings

invoice

involuntary bankruptcy

(voluntary bankruptcy)
IOU
I owe you
(internal control)

IRR
internal rate of return
irregularities

irrevocable letter of credit

(beneficiary)

irrevocable trust

IRS
Internal Revenue Service
issue
()

issued capital stock

itemized deductions

(standard deduction)

J
jobber
dealer

(stock broker)
job-order costing
job costing

(job-order cost sheet)

(process costing)

job-order cost sheet

(1)
(2)
(3)

(1)
(2)
(3)

(job-order costing)
joint account

joint adventure
joint venture
joint audit

(1)

(2)
(3)
joint cost

(joint product)
(splitoff point)
(common cost)

joint liability

(limited
partner)

joint product

joint return

joint-stock company
(limited company)
joint tenant

(joint
account)

joint venture
joint adventure

(1) (contractual joint venture)

(2) (equity joint venture)

journal
book of original entry

(ledger)
(1) (general journal)

(2) (special journal)

journal entry

(compound entry)
Journal of Accountancy

1905

Journal of Finance
(American Finance Association) 1946

journal voucher

judgment

(compliance

test)

judgment payable (or receivable)

()

(judgment debtor)(judgment
creditor)
judgment sampling

(sampling error)
(precision)(liability)
(random sampling)
junior accountant

(senior
accountant)
junior bond

junior mortgage

junior stock

K
kerb market
curb exchange

key business ratios

(Dun
& Bradstreet Inc.)
14
key executive option

()

kickback

kind

n
in kind
kiting
(float)

know-how

(1)

(2)

(3)

L
labor
labour

labor cost
(wage)
(salary)
(direct labor cost)
(indirect labor cost)

labor cost audit

labor efficiency variance

(labor quantity variance labor usage variance)

=(-)

(labor rate variance)

labor hour method

(1) (labor hour rate)

=

(2)

labor intensive

labor quantity variance

(labor usage variance)(labor efficiency
variance)
labor rate variance
(labor price variance)

=(-)

(labor efficiency variance)

labor turnover

labor variance

(1) (labor rate variance)

(2) (labor efficiency
variance)

lagging indicator

(leading indicator)

land

(land improvement)
(property,
plant and equipment)

(investment)
land improvement

(land)

land occupancy charge

(payment for the use of
site)

landowners royalty

lapping
teeming and lading

lapse

lapsed option

option
lapsing schedule

last-in, first-out method

LIFO

(FIFO)
last invoice price

last trading day

late payment fee

late presentation

laundered money

law

(commercial law)
(company law)

(law of increasing cost)

(law of diminishing returns)

lay off pay

leading indicator

11

(lagging indicator)
leads and lags
(foreign exchange risk
management)

foreign exchange risk

management
lead-time

learning curve

x
y

()

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
lease
(lessee)
(lessor)

(5) (financing lease)

(6) (operating lease)
(7) (sale and leaseback)
lease accounting

(financing lease)(operating
lease)

leasehold

(lessee)
(freehold)
(lessor)

leasehold property

leasehold improvement

lease-or-buy decision
lease-purchase decision

(differential
analysis)
lease rental
lease expense

(deferred charge)

least and latest rule

least cost routing

LCR
(critical path
method)
ledger
(book of final entry)
(general ledger)

(subsidiary ledger)

ledger account

(balance sheet account)

(income statement account)

ledger analysis

ledger asset

ledger clerk

ledger control
(control account)

ledger journal
(combined journal
and ledger)
legacy

(general legacy) (specific

legacy)
legal accounting
legalistic accounting

(1)

(2)

legal capital

(par value)

legal interest

(usury)
legal investment
(legal list)
legal liability

legal liquidation

(receiver)

legal list
(legal investment)

legal obligation

legal person

(natural person)

legal representative

(receiver)(executor)
legal reserve
(legal surplus)

( 30%)

() surplus
reserve
legal right

legal tender

5 10
5 50
10
legal valuation

lend

lender

letter of confirmation

(positive confirmation)
(negative confirmation)
letter of credit
L/C

(1)
(revocable L/C)
(irrevocable L/C)
(2)
(sight L/C)(usance L/C)
(3)
(transferable L/C)
(nontransferable L/C)
(4)
(revolving L/C)
(nonrevolving L/C)
letter of guarantee
bank guarantee L/G

letter of recommendation

(management
letter)

letter of representation

(
)
(GAAS)

letter of trust
trust letter, trust receipt

letter transfer

(telegraphic transfer)
leverage
(operating leverage)
(financial leverage)

operating leverage
financial leverage
leverage buyout
LBO
(acquiring
company)(acquired company)

leveraged firm

(beta coefficient)
(unleveraged firm)
leveraged lease

()
70%
()
30%

(direct lease)
leverage ratio
(debt factor)
(leverage factor)(financial
leverage ratio)

(financial risk)


(1) (debt to equity ratio)
(2)
(times-interest earned ratio)
levy

L/G
letter of guarantee
liability

(economic
obligation)

(short-term liability)(long-term
liability)

(owners equity)

(equities) economic obligation)

legal liability
liability account

liability dividend

liability insurance

liability management

liability structure

(liability management)
liability to equity ratio
(debt to equity ratio)
liability to total assets ratio

(debt to total
assets ratio)
license

licensed public accountant

(CPA)

(AICPA)

license fee

lien

life cycle costs

(complete cycle

costs)

life insurance

limited audit

limited company
Ltd.
(limited liability
company)
Inc. incorporated
corporation
limited liability

limited partner

(general partner)

limited partnership
(special partnership)

limited review
(analytical review)

linear programming
LP

(constraints)
(objective function)

line item budget

(program budget)
line of business reporting

line of business
division segment
line of business reporting

segment reporting
line of credit
credit line
liquid assets

(cash asset)
(quick
asset)
(current asset)

liquidating dividend
(liquidating distribution)

(contribution capital)
liquidation

realization
liquidation report
(liquidator)

(liquidation
statement)
liquidation sale

(forced
sale)
liquidation statement

liquidation value
(forced sale value)

liquidator

liquidity

(current asset) (quick

asset)

liquidity goal

(profit goal)

(liquidity ratio)
(liquidity index)
liquidity index

20 000

50 000

30

80 000

50

150 000

1 500 000
4 000 000
5 500 000

=5 500 000150 000=36.7()

liquidity ratio

(current ratio)(quick ratio)

(liquidity index)
(accounts receivable turnover)
(inventory turnover)
liquidity risk premium

(risk premium)

risk
premium
listed securities
on board securities

1 600 200

(NYSE)

(SEC)

listing requirement

(listed
securities)
list price

load

(prime cost)
(frond-end load)
(back-end load)
loan
(lender)(borrower)

loan account

(bank overdraft)

loan amortization

(present value
table)
(electronic financial calculator)
loan application

loan capital
debt capital

(equity capital)
loan fund

loan payable

(current
liability)
(fixed liability)
(long-term liability)
loan shark

loan value
surrender value

(loan-value ratio)


local currency
(functional currency)

(reporting currency)
local tax
local assessment

lock-box system
(concentration banking)

(EFTS)

London International Financial Futures

Exchange
LIFFE 1982

London Stock Exchange

LSE

(NYSE)
12 000
lone-form auditors report

(short-form auditors report)

long-lived asset
long-term asset(fixed
asset)

long-range budget
(strategic budget)
(annual budget)

long-term asset
long-lived asset
long-term contract

(construction contract accounting)

long-term liability
(fixed liability)

loss

loss and gain account

gain and loss account
loss carryback and carryforward

loss contingency

(contingent liability)
(
)

(estimated liability)

loss exposure
(risk exposure)

(risk management)

loss minimization
(profit maximization)

(
)
lost discount

lot
batch
(odd lot)
(round lot)
lottery bond

lower of cost or market

cost or market, whichever is lower
LCM
(acquisition cost)

(conservatism principle)

LP
linear programming
lump-sum payment

lump-sum pension

lump-sum price

lump-sum purchase
(basket purchase)
50

(fair market
value)

M
machine-hour method

machine-hour rate

macro-accounting
(national income accounting)

(micro-accounting)

macro-benefit
(social benefit)

macro-cost
(social cost)

main account

(temporary account) (contra

account)(adjunct account)

main books

maintenance and repair

(improvement betterment)

maintenance of operating capacity

(operating capacity maintenance concept)

maintenance of physical capital

(physical capital
maintenance concept)
majority interest
(subsidiary)50%

majority stockholders
50%

(minority interest)
make-or-buy decision

(qualitative)
(quantitative)

(relevant cost)

()

make-ready time
set-up time

make-up depreciation

make-up pay

malpractice insurance

managed cost
(discretionary cost)
management

(1) (planning)

(2) (control)

management accountant

(NAA)
(CMA)
certified management accountant
Management Accounting
(NAA)
1919

(ICMA) 1921

management account
managerial accounting

(financial accounting)

(internal accounting)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1)

(7)

(6)

management advisory services

MAS

management audit

(financial audit)

management buy-out

MBO

management by objectives

(
)

(financial objective)
management control
administrative control
(internal control system)

(accounting control)

management fraud

(employee fraud)
management game
(simulation)

management information system

MIS

(1)

(2)

(decision support systemDSS)

(3)

management letter
(letter of recommendation)
management override

(internal accounting control system)

(external auditor)

(management fraud)
managements discussion and analysis of
earnings

159 (ASR)

managements illegal act

 illegal act
manager

(engagement letter)

managerial accounting
management accounting
managerial finance
(financial management)
managers share

managing director

(president)
managing trustee

(custodian trustee)
manipulation of accounts

manufactory
factory

manufacturing account

manufacturing cost
(factory cost)

(manufacturing overhead)

manufacturing expense
(manufacturing cost)
manufacturing overhead
(factory overhead)

manufacturing statement

(cost of goods manufactured statement)

margin

gross margin gross profit

marginal analysis

(marginal income)
(marginal revenue equals
marginal cost)
(profit maximization)
marginal cost

(economic of scale)
(diseconomy of scale)
U ()
marginal costing

(direct costing)

(variable costing)
marginal cost of capital
MCC

(weighted average cost of capital)

marginal cost pricing

(full cost pricing)

(special order decision)

marginal income
(contribution margin)
(marginal revenue)
(marginal cost)

marginal income ratio

(contribution margin ratio) 1

=(-)

marginal revenue

marginal revenue equals marginal cost

(decision
rule) (profit
maximizing)

(breakeven
point)

margin of safety
M/S
(breakeven point)

(operating risk)

markdown

market

(New York Stock

Exchange)

marketability

marketability security
(near-cash asset)

(equity security)(debt
security)

marketability security management

(marketability securities portfolio management)

(1) (transaction motive)

(2) (precautionary motive)

(portfolio)

market-based price
(internal
transfer price)

(cost-basis price)
market economy
(market directed
economy)

(planned economy)

market index of stock prices

(DJIA)
(S&P 500 Stock Index)
marketing expense
selling expense
market price

(open market)

market rate of exchange

(floating rate)

market rate of interest

market risk
(systematic risk)
(nondiversifiable risk)
market share

market value
MV(market price)

market value method

(convertible bond)

(conversion price)
()
(conversion value)

(LCM)

(unrealized holding gain or loss)

markup

(markdown)

maroon

marshalling of assets

master budget
(comprehensive budget)

(
)

(liquidity goal)
(profit goal)

master of business administration

MBA

matching principle
(matching concept)

(accrual basis)

material

(direct material)
(indirect material)

(materiality
principle)
material cost

material cost variance

(material price variance)

(material quantity variance)
material inventory

(inventory control)

materiality principle
(accounting principle)

5%

material management

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
material price variance

material quantity variance

material usage variance

material requirement planning

MRP
(bill of
materials)

material requisition

material subsidiary ledger

(detail ledger)
mathematical model
(managerial decision
model)


(1) (
)
(2)
(what-if analysis)

(3)

(EOQ)(EB
analysis)
maturity date

(
)
maturity value
()
(face value)
(initial
price)
maturity yield
yield to maturity
maximization of profit
profit maximization
maximization of wealth
wealth maximization
measurement

measurement of income

(1) (historical cost

principle)
(2) (revenue recognition
principle)
(3) (matching
principle)
medium of payment
(medium of exchange)

(barter
system)
meeting of creditors

(receiver)

meeting of stockholders
general meeting of stockholders
(annual general
meeting) (extraordinary
general meeting)

member

(shareholder)
(members voluntary winding up)
member
members voluntary winding up

(voluntary liquidation)
memorandum account

(1)

(2)

(real account)

memorandum entry


memorandum of association

memory
storage

merchandise account

merchandise inventory

(finished goods
inventory)
merchant bank
investment bank

merger
takeover

(consolidation)

merger accounting
(pooling of
interest method)
merger arbitrage

Metcalf Report
1976

(The Accounting Establishment) 1760

(SEC)

micro-accounting
(enterprise accounting)

(macro-accounting)
(national income accounting)
microcomputer
(personal
computer)
(microprocessor)

80
microprocessor

(microcomputer)
(CPU)
minicomputer

1000~10 000

minimization of cost

(maximization of profit)

minimum cash balance

minimum charge
minimum rate

100

minimum economic size

300
300

(break-even sales)

minimum required rate of return

minimum desired rate of return

(cost of capital)
minimum stock
(safety stock)
minimum tax
(tax preference item)
15%

minimum wage

minority interest
()

(majority interest)
minority stockholders
50%

minute book

misappropriation

miscalculation

miscellaneous expense

miscellaneous revenue

misleading

(misstated) (distorted)
(augmented) (omitted)

misrepresentation

(fraudulent misrepresentation)
(innocent
misrepresentation)
mixed cost
(semi-variable cost)
mixed variance

M/O
money order
modern accounting
(accounting
objective)

(traditional accounting)
(custodial accounting)

modern financial management

modern portfolio theory

(risk and return relationship)

monetary asset

(
)

(monetary items)
monetary gain or loss

(CPP accounting)
(GPL accounting)

monetary items

(general price
level accounting)

monetary liability

(monetary items)
monetary unit

(dollar)(pound)
money

cash
money capital
(cash asset)

(physical capital)
money capital maintenance concept

(financial capital
maintenance concept)

(physical capital maintenance concept)

money income

(income concept)

(physical income)

(income concept)
money laundering

money market
()

 (capital
market)

money measurement postulate

money measurement assumption

money order
M/O

(1) (bank
money order)
(2) (postal
money order)
(3)
(international money order)
money wage
(nominal wage)

(real wage)
Moodys Investors Service, Inc.

(bond rating)
mortgage
(mortgagor)
(mortgagee)

(foreclosure)

(1)
(2)
(3)

mortgage bond

(debenture bond)
mortgagee

(mortgage)
mortgage loan

mortgage market

(primary mortgage market)

(secondary mortgage
market)
mortgage payable

mortgagor

(mortgage)
moving average inventory method

(moving
weighted average inventory method)

multi-column journal

multi-currency loan

multi-industry company
(conglomerate company)
(group of company)

multinational accounting firm

multinational corporation (company)

transnational corporation
MNC

multinational corporation accounting

multinational corporation finance

multinational financing

multiple capital structure

(complex capital structure)
multiple discriminant analysis

DMA
(Z
score)
multiple overhead rate

(heterogeneous product)

(plant-wide overhead rate)

multiple-step income statement

(1) (gross profit) (gross

income)
(2) (operating income)

(3) (net
income before extraordinary item)
(single-step income
statement)
municipal bond

(1) (revenue bond)

(2) (general obligation
bond)

mutual fund

5%~10%

(
)

(1)
(closed-end mutual fund)
(2)

(open-end mutual fund)

mutual holding

mutually exclusive projects

(1) (NPV)
(2) (IRR)

MV
market value

N
naive investor

(institutional investors)

(sophisticated investor)
narrative form

(account form)

(written narrative)
(internal control
questionnaire)(system flow
chart)

National Association of Accountants

NAA

(Institute of Management Accounting)

(CMA)

National Association of Securities Dealers

NASD
(over-the-counter market)

National Audit Office

NAO1983
(C&AG)

(Committee of Public Accounts)

National Automated Accounting Research

System
NAARS

national bank

(state bank)
national income accounting
(national economic
accounting)

(GNP)

natural business year

12

12
(calendar year)
natural classification
(object classification)

(
)
(functional classification)
natural resources

(depletion)

near cash asset


(quick asset)
(marketable
securities)

negative assurance

(GAAS)

negative confirmation

(positive confirmation)
negative goodwill
(purchase
method)

(deferred income)

negative interest

(real interest rate)

negative investment
disinvestment

negative leverage

negligence

(1) (ordinary negligence)

(2) (gross negligence)

negotiability

negotiable instrument

()
()

(1) (check)
(2) (bill of exchange)
(3) (promissory note)
negotiation

(negotiable
instrument)

(agreement)
net
(net worth)

net book value

(market value)
(net realizable value)

net cash flow

NCF

(cash flow)

net income
(net profit)
(revenue)
(expense)

net income to sales ratio

(net income ratio)

100%

1%
10%
net income to total assets ratio

(ROI)

100%

(net
income to sales ratio)

(Du
Pont analysis)
net loss

(net income)

net present value

NPV

(cost of capital)
(minimum required rate of return)

(net present value method)

(point of rejection)(NPV>0)
(NPV<0)

net present value index

(profitability index)

1
net price method

(gross price method)

net proceeds

net profit
(net income)
(ATB)

()

net purchases

net realizable value

NRV()
1985

net sales

network
(computer network)

(network graph)
(critical
path)(program evaluation
and review technique)
network graph
(network model)
(node)
(PERT)
(CPM)

(accounting
cycle)
net working capital
(net current assets)

net worth
(owners equity)
(stockholders equity)

new issue

(outstanding securities)

new plant and equipment expenditures

(capital expenditure)

New York Futures Exchange

NYFE1980
(NYSE)

(financial futures)
New York Stock Exchange
(Big Board)
NYSE

2 000
100 1 800
1 800

New York Stock Exchange Common Stock

Index

(New York Stock Exchange Composite

Stock Index)

1965
1 800
no charge
NC

no credit
(cash transaction)
node
(network graph)

no funds
N/F

nominal account
(temporary account)

(real account)
nominal capital
(par
value)(stated value)
(actual capital)

(capital contributed in excess of par

value)
(retained earnings)
nominal rate of interest

(compensating balance)
(effective rate)

nominal wage
(money wage)

(real wage)

nominal yield

nonadjusting events
(post balance sheet
event)

nonappropriated retained earnings

nonarticulated concept

(AAA)

(reconciliation)
noncontributory pension plan

100%

noncontrollable cost

nonconvertible bond

nonconvertible currency
(soft currency)

()()

noncumulative preferred stock

(cumulative preferred stock)

nondeductible expense

nondepreciable asset

nondiversifiable risk
(systematic risk)
nonexecutive director

noninterest-bearing note

(present value)(face
value)

nonmonetary asset

nonmonetary liability

nonmonetary transaction
(nonmonetary exchange)

(boot)

(monetary transaction)

nonnegotiable bill of lading

nonnotice audit
(surprise audit)
nonoperating asset

nonoperating income

(nonoperating revenue)
(nonoperating expense)
(nonoperating
loss)
nonprofit accounting

(fund accounting)

nonprofit organization
(nonprofit institution)

(surplus)
(increase in fund balance)
nonpublic corporation
(private corporation)
(over-the-counter market)

(SEC)

nonpublic information

(insider)
nonrecurring income

nonroutine decision

(1)
(2)
(3)

(relevant cost)(contribution
margin)
nontaxable income

(itemized deductions)
no par value stock

(stated value)
100
500
5 1 000
500

normal

normal cost

(
)

normal distribution
(normal probability
distribution) (frequency
distribution)

()
normal income
(normal profit)

normal return

10%

normal spoilage

(abnormal
spoilage)
note

(promissory note)
(draft bill of exchange)

promissory note

()

notes payable
N/P
(accounts payable)

notes receivable
N/R

notes receivable discounted

(1)
(2)

notes register

not-for-profit organization
nonprofit organization
notice of deficiency

notice of dishonor
(notarial protest
certificate)(notary public)

not negotiable

(crossed check)
not sufficient funds check
(bad check, rubber
check) NSF check

NSF(not sufficient funds)

number of days in receivables

days sales in accounts receivable

number of days sales in inventory

days sales in inventory

O
objective

objectives of accounting
(objectives of financial statement)

(FASB)

objectives of financial statement

(objectives of accounting)
objective value

objectivity principle
(accounting principle)

obligation

obligatory audit
(compliance audit)

observation test

(accounting control)
obsolescence

(wear and tear)

obsolete asset
(obsolete equipment)
(obsolete inventory)

occupancy expense

occupational licensing

occupational prestige

odd lot

100

off-balance-sheet activities
OBSA

(footnotes)
off-balance-sheet asset

(contingent asset)

off-balance-sheet financing

(operating lease)
(financing lease)

off-balance-sheet liability

(contingent liability)
off-board
over-the-counter

(dealer)
off-budget

office audit
(correspondence audit)

(field audit)
official audit

(compliance
audit)

official exchange rate

(free exchange rate)

official receiver
OR

(liquidator)

offset account
contra account
offset balance

offsetting error

10.00
1.00
65.48 56.48

offshore funds

(tax haven)

on account

()
()()
open account
oncost
overhead
on demand
on call

on hand

on-line data base

(modem)

on-line processing

open account

charge account
(trade credit)

(payment in advance)
open-end credit

open-end mortgage

open-end mutual fund

(closed-end
mutual fund)
opening balance

opening entry

open market purchase

(outstanding stock)
(treasury stock)

(SEC)

operating account

(income statement account)

operating activities
(cash flow statement)

(financing
activities) (investment activities)
operating budget

(capital
budget)
operating capacity
(normal capacity)
capacity
operating capacity maintenance concept

(monetary working capital)

operating decision

operating expense


(nonmanufacturing expense)
operating expense deduction

(IRS)

operating income
(operating profit)

(
)

(nonoperating income)

operating lease
(service lease)
(maintenance lease)

(IBM)

(financing lease)
operating leverage
()

(financial leverage)

operating leverage ratio

(1)
(2)
(3)

operating loss

(extraordinary gain or
loss)
operating performance ratio
(net income)
(operating income)(gross income)

operating profit
(operating income)
operating revenue

operating risk
business risk
operating statement

operational audit
(management audit)
operational budget
operating budget
operational decision
operating decision
operational research
operations research
operations management
(production
management)

(production operations management)

operations research
(quantitative analysis)
OR

(LP)
(EQQ)(learning curve)
(PERT) (regression
analysis)

opinion

(CPA)(ChFC)

(APB)
(Opinions)
(GAAP)
opportunity cost
(alternative cost)

8%

8%
8%

(outlay cost)
optimal(optimum) capital structure

optimal(optimum) investment

(risk and return relationship)

option

(employee stock option)

()

(call option)
(put option)
(option premium)

option market

option premium
(option)
order

(market order)
(limit order)(payment order)()

order bill of exchange

(bearer bill)

order bill of lading

ordering cost

(EQQ)

order of priority
(receiver)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
ordinary annuity
(annuity in arrears)

ordinary creditor
general creditor
ordinary income

(capital
gain) 1988

ordinary partnership
general partnership
ordinary share
common stock

organization cost
organization expense

(intangible asset)

40
5 6
original capital

original cost
(original acquisition
cost)()

()

original document
original evidences

original entry
(journal)

outgo
outlayoutgo income
income (revenue)
outlay
(expenditure)

outlay cost

(imputed cost)
(opportunity cost)
out-of-pocket cost(expense)

out-of-stock cost

output

output method
(wasting assets)
(depletion)

outside director

(inside director)
outstanding capital stock
(treasury
stock)

outstanding check

over-and-short account

overapplied overhead

(predetermined overhead rate)

(underapplied
overhead)
overauditing

(audit sample)

(statistical sampling)

over capitalization

overdraft

(line of credit)

(insufficient fund)
overdraft interest

overhead
burden, indirect cost
oncost

(variable overhead)(fixed
overhead)

overhead rate
overhead application rate

(predetermined
overhead rate)

overhead variance analysis

(1) (two-way variance

analysis) (spending
variance) (volume
variance)

(quantity variance) (price

variance)
(2) (three-way variance
analysis)

over-the-counter market

off-board OTC market

(dealer)

owner

(proprietor)
(partner)
(stockholder)
owners equity
(net worth) OE

(contributed capital)
(retained earnings)

owners equity statement

(contributed capital)
(retained earnings)

ownership
(legal interest)(legal title)
own shares
(treasury stock)

P
PA
public accountant
Pacioli, Luca(1445~1517) L

1494

package mortgage
blanket mortgage

package price
blanket price

packing expense

padding

paid-in capital
(contributed capital)
paid-in surplus
(contributed
capital in excess of par value)
paid-up capital

(pain-in capital)

panic

paper

(
)

(original
document)
paper audit

(field audit)

paper gain
(paper profit)
(unrealized holding gain)

paper money
(bank note)

paper reorganization

reorganization
par

parent company

(subsidiary)50%
(holding
company)
parent company financial statement

parity price

partial audit
(special audit)

(test audit)
(sampling test)
(complete audit)

participating capital

participating loan

participative management

(profit sharing)
(stock purchase plan)

partner

(partnership)
partnership

(partnership
agreement)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)
(2)
(3)
partnership accounting

(partnership statement)
partnership statement

(partners capital account)

(partners current account)

()(
)

par value
face value

par value stock

5
10 100

(no par
value stock)
passed dividend

(dividend in arrears)
past cost
(sunk cost)

(historical cost)

patent
(patentor)

(patentee)

(patent royalty)
17 16

patent pool

(patent royalty)
pay

payables

(accounts payable)
(notes payable)

pas as you earn

PAYE

pay as you go

payback method

(payback period)
payback period
PP payoff period

(time value of money)

payee

payer

paying agent

payment

payment after delivery

7 days 2%, 14 days 1%,

28 days net
7
2% 14
1% 28

(payment in advance)

payment in advance

(payment after delivery)

payment stopped
payment countermand

payment terms

payment voucher

payout ratio
dividend payout ratio
payroll

(payroll register)
(wage)
(salary)

payroll accounting

payroll audit

(1)
(2)

(3)

payroll cost

(1)

(2) (
)(
)
payroll journal
(payroll register)
payroll
payroll taxes
(employment taxes)

(FICA tax)
(FUTA tax)

peachtree software
(IBM)

Peat Marwick & Co.

Big Five
pecuniary penalty
penalty
pecuniary reward

peer review

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
pegged exchange rate


pegged price
(parity
price)
penalty

penalty clause

penalty duty

(undervaluation duty)

(antidumping
duty)
pending action

penny stock
penny()
penny stock
1

pension

(pension plan)

(1) (contributory)

(2) (noncontributory)

pension cost

()

pension expense
()
(pension benefit)(pension cost)

pension fund

(
)

pension plan
retirement plan

(1) (contributory
pension plan)

(2)
(noncontributory pension plan)

per annum

P/E ratio
price-earnings ratio
percentage depletion

(cost depletion)

percentage of completion method

(1)

(2)
(completed
contract method)

percentage of sales method

(1)

(2)

(3)

percentage statement
(commonsize statement)

per diem

perfect capital market

(efficient capital
market)

perfect competition
(pure competition)

performance accounting
(performance evaluation accounting)

(responsibility accounting)

performance audit

performance bond

performance budget
(program budget)

(PPBS)
performance evaluation

(1)


(2)

(3)

(4)

(ROI)
(residual incomeRI)
performance share

(stock option)

period cost
(period expense)
period expense
period expense
(inventoriable
cost)

(direct
costing)
(product cost)

periodic audit

periodic income

periodic inventory

(perpetual inventory)

periodicity concept( of accounting)

periodic payment

period of benefit
(economic life)

period of grace

period reorder system

P-system

(quantity reorder
systemQ-system)
permanent asset
(capital asset)
(fixed capital)
permanent difference

(timing difference)

permanent file


per mensem

perpetual annuity
perpetuity

perpetual inventory

(reorder point)

(periodic
inventory)
personal account

personal exemption
personal allowance

1 950
65

personal financial planning

(CFP)

(1)
(2)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

personal financial planning software

personal financial statement

(SFC)

personal identification number

PIN
(debit card)
personal income tax

()

28%
personal property
chattel personalty

(real property)
personal property tax

personalty
personal property
PERT/COST

petty cash

(imprest fund)
physical asset
(tangible asset)
physical capital

physical capital maintenance concept

(
)

(money capital maintenance concept)

physical depreciation

(physical life)
physical inventory

(1)
(2)
(book inventory)

physical life

(economic life)

(obsolescence)(inadequacy)

(depreciable life)

physicals
actuals
(futures)
physical verification

piecemeal opinion

(adverse opinion)
(disclaimer opinion)

(GAAS)
piece wage
piece rate

(1)

(2)
(time wage)
piracy

placing

(institutional investors)

planned economy
(central planned
economy)

(market economy)

planning

(strategic planning)(operational
planning)

plant and equipment

property,
plant and equipment
plant assets

plant ledger

plastic money
(credit card)
(charge card)(debit card)
pledge

(collateral)

pledged asset

(footnotes)
plow back
plough back

plug

point
1 =1
1/8 0.125

(basis point)1
0.01

point of sale

POS

(revenue
recognition)
policy

insurance policy

political contribution

political risk

(1)

(2)
(risk-adjusted rate of return)
(3)

(OPIC)
(EGGD)

pooling of capital

pooling of interests
(merger)
pooling of interests method( of combination)

(merger accounting)
(combination)

50%

(
)

population

(sample)

portable computer

(microcomputer) IBM PC
10

portfolio

(efficient portfolio)

portfolio management

(1)

(2)

(3)

portfolio risk

(1) (systematic risk)

(2) (unsystematic risk)
position

financial position

(long
position)
(short position)

position statement
(balance sheet)
positive confirmation

(negative
confirmation)
positive variance
(favorable variance)

post

post-audit

(internal auditor)

(external auditor)

(pre-audit)y
post balance sheet events
(subsequent events)

post-closing trial balance

(nominal account)

post-date

1
1 1
10 (post-dated check)

post-dated check

posting

posting reference

postponable cost

(unpostponable cost)
(unavoidable cost)
postulate of accounting
accounting postulate
potentially dilutive security

(convertible preferred stock)

(convertible bond)
power of alienation

power of attorney

practical capacity
(capacity)
practical insolvency
(insolvency)

(absolute
insolvency)

practicing accountant

(public accountant)

pre-acquisition income
pre-acquisition profit
(retained
earnings)(acquisition surplus)

pre-audit

(post-audit)

precious metals

(1)
(2)
(3)

predate
antedate
predecessor auditor

(successor auditor)

predecessor company

predetermined overhead rate

()

prediction

(forecast)
forecast

prediction
predictive ability

(HCA) (CPP accounting)(CCA)

(financial ratio)
(relevance)
preemptive right

(dilution)
preferred creditor

(general creditor)
preferred stock
preference share

(common stock)

(1) (cumulative preferred

stock)
(2) (participating preferred stock)
preliminary audit

(field audit)

preliminary expense
organization
cost(expense)
(capitalization)

premium

(policyholder)
(insurer)

premium bond
(premium saving
bond)

premium on capital stock

(additional paid-in
capital)(capital
contributed in excess of par value)

prenotice audit

(surprise
audit)
Prentice-Halls Information Network

PHINet

prepaid asset
(prepaid expense)
prepaid expense

(prepaid expenditure)
(expense)
(expense)
(prepaid expense)

(prepaid asset)

prepayment penalty

prepayment fee

preproduction cost
(set-up cost)
presentation

(disclosure)
(fair presentation)
present fairly
(fairness)
present value
PV

(discounting)


9% 1 000
1 090 1 090
1 000

(present value method)

(net present value method)(terminal value)

present value interest factor

PVIF
(discount factor)

(present value table)

(electronic financial calculator)

present value method
(discounted cash
flow method)
president
(chief executive)

(chairman of the board of

directors)
pre-tax

price

(1)
(competitive price)
(monopoly price)
(2)
(free price)
(administered price)
(3)
(wholesale price)
(retail price)
(4)

(spot price)(futures
price)
price ceiling

(price floor)

price discount
(trade discount)
price-earnings ratio
P/E ratio

(financial ratio)
price index

(Consumer Price IndexCPI)

(Retail Price Index
RPI)
price-level accounting

(CPI)
(general price level accounting)
price-level adjusted statement

(general price level change)

(GPL accounting)
(current purchasing power ac-

counting)
(specific price level change)

(current cost accounting)

price-level gain and loss

1 000
100%
110%
1 000
1 000

price list

price variance
(value variance)

=(-)

(quantity variance)

Price Waterhouse and Coopers

Big Five
pricing policy

(1) (cost-oriented pricing)

(2) (demand-oriented
pricing)

(3) (competition-oriented
pricing)

primary account

(secondary account)

primary classification
(primary
account)
(secondary account)

primary distribution
primary offering

(secondary distribution)
primary earnings per share

(common stock equivalents

)

-
=+

(fully diluted
earnings per share)
(dual presentation)
prime cost

(overhead)
prime rate

principal

(income)(interest)


principal auditor

principle

principle principal

prior claim
prior charge

prior-period adjustment

(1)

1997.1.1

(2)

1997.1.1

(3)

1997.12.31

private accountant

(public accountant)

private auditor
(internal auditor)
private company

privately-held company
private ledger
(secret ledger)

privately-held company
closely-held company

(publicly-held company)
private offering
private placement
private placement
(direct placement)

(SEC)
privatization

(private sector)

privilege

(privileged debt)

probability

(1/4,1/2,3/4)
(25%,50%,75%)
(probability analysis)
probability distribution

(normal distribution)
probability sampling

(random sampling)

procedure audit

(CPA)
procedure manual

(accounting manual)

proceeds

process costing

(batch costing)
(job-order costing)

processing cost
(manufacturing cost)

product cost

(period expense)

product costing

(1) (process costing)

(2) (batch costing)
(3) (job-order costing)

(direct costing)
production budget

(sales budget) (financial

budget)(master budget)

production method of depreciation

production method of revenue recognition

()
(precious metals accounting)

product life cycle

(development)
(growth)(maturity)(saturation)
(decline)

product mix

(product mix decision)

product mix decision

(product portfolio
analysis)

(1) ()

(2) ()

(3) ()

(4) ()

professional corporation
PC

(accounting corporation)

professional ethics
(CPA)
(Code
of Professional Ethics)

(1)

(2)

(3)
(due
professional care)
(4)

(5)

professional fee

profit

(revenue)
(expense)(gross profit)
(net profit)

(net income)
(net profit)
profitability

(ROS)
(ROI)

profitability index
(net present value index)(benefit-cost ratio)

3 000
12% 16 950
12 950
1.31(16 950
12950=1.31)
1
profit and loss account
(income summary)

(
)
(retained earnings)(profit
and loss statement)
profit and loss statement
profit and loss account

 income statement
profit center
(decentralized)
(responsibility accounting)

(internal transfer price)

profit goal

(1) (liquidity goal)

(2) (profit goal)

(profit maximization)
profit margin
(gross profit)(net profit)

profit maximization

(marginal analysis)

(wealth maximization)

profit planning
(profit goal)

(CVP analysis)
(profit budget)

profit ratio

(1) (return on
investment)
(2) (return on
sales)
(3) (return on total assets)

profit sharing plan

(bonus)

profit taking

profit variance

(gross profit)
(contribution margin)

(1)
(2)
(3)

(product mix)
profit-volume chart
P/V chart
(breakeven chart)
()

proforma financial statement

(budgeted statement)

 (projected statement)
(planned statement)

program

program budget
(performance budget)

program evaluation and review technique

PERT

(critical path)

program flowchart

()
programming

programming language

ALGOLCOBOLFORTRAN
PL/1
progress billing

(construction work in
progress)
progressive tax
()

project
(construction)
(capital asset)

project appraisal
(project selection)
(cost-benefit
analysis) (discounted
cash flow method)
project center

(project manager)

project financing

75% 25%
(project funds)
project rate of return
(internal rate
of return)
project risk
(NPV)

(firm risk)


(sensitivity analysis)
promissory note

(bill of
exchange)

(commercial paper)
promoter

promotion expense

(organization cost)

(deferred charge) e

property

(real property)
(personal property)

property dividend
(dividend in kind)

property ledger
(plant ledger)
property manager

property, plant and equipment

(fixed asset)

property tax

(1) (personal property tax)

(2) (real property tax)

proprietor

proprietor capital account

(proprietor equity account)

(net worth)

proprietorship

sole proprietorship

owners equity
proprietorship theory

-=

(entity
theory)=


proration

prospectus

(registration statement)
protective committee

protective provisions

(acceleration clause)

protest

provision

clause
provision for bad debt

provision for depreciation

(accumulated depreciation)

proxy

prudent investment rule

(safe investment
rule)

public accountant
PA()

(CPA)

(private accountant)
public accounting
(CPA)
()

(1)
(attest)

(2)

(3)

public interest accounting

publicly-held company

(privately-held company)
public offering
(SEC)

(private placement)
public ownership

(public company)

(privatization)
(public sector)

public sale

public-utility company

purchase cost

purchase discount

(cash discount)
(trade discount)

purchase journal
bought journal

purchase ledger
bought ledger

purchase method( of combination)

(business combination)

(pooling of interests
method)
purchase order

purchase requisition

purchasing power

purchasing power gain and loss

(monetary
items)

put option

(call option)

Q
qualification

(except for opinion)

(CPA examination)
qualification share
(directors share)

qualified acceptance

(counter offer)
qualified endorsement
(without recourse)

qualified pension plan

qualified report
(qualified opinion)

qualification
qualified stock options

qualitative characteristics( of accounting

information)

(FASB)1980
2 (SFAC)
(relevance)(reliability)

qualitative factor

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(quantitative factor)
quality cost

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)(2)
(3)(4)(5)

quality of earnings
(net income)

earnings quality

quality review
(peer review)

quantitative analysis
(OR)

(quantitative factor)

quantitative factor

(marginal
revenue) (marginal cost)

(qualitative factor)
quantity discount
volume discount

(cash discount)
quantity reorder system
Q-system
(reorder point)

(period reorder system)

quantity variance
(usage variance)
(efficiency variance)
(standard cost)

(-)
(price variance)
quarterly dividend

quarterly statement
(quarterly report)

(SEC)

quasi-contract

quasi-public company
quasi-utility company

(franchise)

quasi-reorganization

(reorganization)

(capital structure)
questionable payment
(bribe)(kickback)
(political contribution)
questionnaire on internal control

internal control questionnaire

quick asset
(
)

quick liability

quick ratio
(acid test ratio)
(quick asset) (current
liability)


-
= 100%

(current ratio)

1.0

quotation

quoted company
listed company
quoted price

quoted securities
listed securities

R
raider firm

raising fund

rally
upswing, upturn

random access
(direct access)

(magnetic
disk) (magnetic drum)
(magnetic card)
random processing

random sampling
(population)

(judgment sampling)
random variance

random walk hypothesis

(efficient capital market)

(beating the market)

ranking of projects

(IRR)(NPV)

(mutually exclusive projects)

(capital rationing)
rapid amortization

(ACRS)(accelerated
depreciation)
rate

(discount rate)(dividend rate)

rate of exchange
foreign exchange rate
rate of taxation

(1) (proportional tax rate)

(2) (progressive tax rate)

rate per annum

rate per diem


rate per mensem

rates
local taxes, municipal
tax
(rateable value)

ratio

(financial ratio)

ratio analysis
(financial analysis)

(liquidity ratio)
(profitability ratio)

(debt-equity ratio)

(financial
ratio)
raw material

raw material inventory

reacquired bond
repurchasedd bond

(treasury bond)

reacquired stock
repurchased stock

(treasury stock)

readjustable bond

readjusting entry

ready cash

real

(real asset)

(real income)

(nominal income)

real estate

real account
(permanent account)
(balance sheet account)

(nominal account)
real estate
real property, realty RE

real estate investment

(1) (inflationary
hedge)

(2)

(property manager)

real estate investment trust

REIT(investment
trust)

(real estate portfolio)

real estate portfolio

real income

1980~1990
50%1990 1 000
1980 667

(real capital)
(money income)

real interest rate

7%
5% 2%
9%-2%

realizability

realization

realization and liquidation statement

realization principle

realized gain or loss

()
()

(holding gain or loss)

real property
real estate
real-time information system

(on line)

(OLRT)
(CPU)
(real-time processing) (batch
processing)

real value
(real price)

real wage

(money wage)
rearrangement of debts

rebate

(allowance)
recapitalization

(reorganization)
recapture of depreciation

(accelerated depreciation)

(capital gain)

receipt

receipt slip

(cash receipt)
receivables
(accounts receivable)
(notes receivable)

receivables turnover

receiver

(official
receiver)
receivership accounting

receiving order

receiving report

reciprocal account

reciprocal allocation method

(double distribution
method)

(direct allocation method)

(step-down allocation
method)
reciprocal holdings

recognition principle
(realization principle)

(accounting principle)

(measurement of income)

reconciliation

()

(reconciliation statement)
reconciliation statement
(reciprocal account)

(1)
(2)
(3)

(adjusting entry)
record

(data item)
(field)

record date

records protection

()
records retention

recourse

(drawer)(endorser)
recovery

recovery value
(resale

value)(salvage value)
recurring audit
(periodic audit)
()
recurring costs
(variance cost)

red balance
in the red

redeemable bond
(callable bond)
redeemable preferred stock
(callable preferred
stock)
redemption

redemption price
(call price)
red-herring prospectus
preliminary prospectus

(statutory prospectus)

rediscount

(negotiable instrument)

redistributed cost

reducing-balance method( of depreciation)

declining-balance method
reduction of capital

(1)

(2)

Reference Book

(Dun & Bradstreet Inc.)

300

refund

(
)

register

(journal)
registered bond

(bearer bond)(coupon bond)

registered capital
(registered capital stock)

registration

registration statement
(Securities Exchange
Act)
(SEC)

(prospectus)

regressive tax

(excise tax)

regular audit
()
(external auditing)

regular dividend

(extra dividend)(special dividend)

regulations

(act)(law)
(accounting regulations)
(accounting
rules)

(ASC)

(SEC)
(FASB)

Regulation S-X S-X

(SEC)

reinvestment

related company
affiliated company
related cost

(common cost)
related party transaction

relative priority

release

(release clause)
(mortgagor)

relevance

(FASB)

(predictive value)
(feedback value)

(reliability)

relevant cost

(
)(irrelevant cost)
relevant range

(
)

reliability

(FASB)

(precision)

remittance

rent

reorder cost

reorder quantity

(EQQ)
reorganization

(recapitalization)

(going-concern value)
(net liquidation value)
repairs and maintenance

(repairs)(maintenance)

(improvement)
repayment

replacement cost
RC(current
replacement cost)(current cost)
(
)

(reproduction cost)

replacement cost accounting

(current replacement cost accounting)
(current cost accounting)

(historical cost accounting)

(1)

(2)

replacement cost method( of depreciation)

(depreciation adjustment)
report

(financial report)
()

(CPA)
(audit report)
(short form)(long
form)
report form
(running form)

(account form)
reporting currency
()(parent currency)

(local
currency) (functional currency)

(foreign currency translation)

reporting standard for audit

(auditing standard)
repossession

(default)

representation

letter of
representation
representative firm

representative sample
(audit sample)

reproduction cost
(current reproduction
cost)
required rate of return
(target rate or return)
RRR

(riskless rate of
return)
requisition
purchase requisition

resale value
(retail price)
(net realizable value)

research and development cost

R&D cost
(research and development expenditure)

(FASB)

(IASC)

reserve

(allowance)
(contra
account)

(reserve for accidents)(reserve for contingency)

(retained earnings)
reserve for accidents
(retained earnings)

reserve for bad debts

(allowance for bad debts)

reserve for contingency

(retained earnings)

reserve for depreciation

(allowance for depreciation)
residual asset

residual claim


residual cost
(residual value)

(salvage value)

residual equity

(residual equity theory)

residual equity theory
(investor theory)
(proprietary theory)

-- =

(earnings per share of

common stock)
residual income
RI
(investment center)

(ROI)

residual value
(residual cost)
responsibility accounting

(responsibility center)

responsibility center

(cost
center)

(revenue center)(profit center)

(investment center)
restatement (of financial statement)

restricted cash

restricted fund
(nonprofit accounting)

restricted retained earnings

(dividend)

restructuring of debt
debt restructuring
results from operation
(net income)
retail accounting
retail store accounting

retail method (of inventory)

=(1-)


=(1-)

Retail Price Index

RPI

(indexed bond)
(indexed pension)

retained earnings
retained income
(net income)

50%
(stockholders equity)

(appropriated retained earnings)

(unappropriated retained earnings)
retained earnings policy
earnings retention policy

(dividend policy)
retained earnings statement

statement of retained earnings

retained income
retained earnings
retained profit
(retained earnings)
retirement

(retirement plan pension

plan)
retirement fund
pension fund
retirement of bond
(repayment)
(conversion)
retirement of stock

(treasury stock)

(reduction of capital)
retroactive adjustment

return

(income)

return of capital

(owners equity)
(retained earnings)t

(maintenance
of capital)

 (capital maintenance concept)

return of assets
ROA(return
on total assets)
return on capital

(return on capital) (return of

capital)
return of capital

return on investment
return on equity
ROE
(return on stockholders equity)
(return on owners equity)

return on investment

ROI
(financial ratio)

(return on total assets)

(return on equity)
(return on common equity)
return on sales
ROS

return on total assets

return on assets, all capital earnings
rate

revaluation
(
)

(CCA)

(independent valuer)
revaluation surplus

(owners equity)

revenue

revenue and expense account

(income summary)
revenue anticipation note
tax anticipation note
RAN

revenue bond

(full faith and credit bond)

revenue center

(responsibility center)
revenue expenditure
(expense)
(capital expenditure)
expense

revenue-expense view

(asset-liability view)
revenue recognition

(percentage of completion method)

revenue recognition principle

(revenue realization
principle)
(accounting principle)

revenue reserve
(retained earnings)

(capital reserve)
reverse entry

reverse splitup
splitback, splitdown

review

(analytical review)

(GAAS)

revolving credit

(revolving credit
agreement)

revolving letter of credit

reward

right

(voting right)

stock right

(preemptive right)
rights issue
(preemptive right)

risk

(probability)
(uncertainty)

risk-adjusted discount factor

(risk-adjusted rate
of return)

(NPV)
risk-adjusted rate of return

(risk-adjusted discount factor)

(Beta coefficient)
(certainty equivalent coefficient)

risk and return relationship

(decision variable)

risk averter
(risk-averse investor)

(risk lover)
risk capital
venture capital

risk diversification

(risk exposure)

riskless rate of return

risk management

(portfolio)

risk premium

rolling budget
(continuous budget)
rollover

round lot
even lot

100 1000
5000 (odd lot)

royalty

(know-how)

rubber check

rule

(principle)

(accounting rule)
(accounting principle)

(decision rule)
rule off

running account

open account

charge account

running cost
continuing cost

S
safe custody charge
safe deposit charge
()

safeguarding of assets

(internal control)(internal audit)

safe investment rule

(prudent person rule)

safety margin

margin of safety
safety stock
(safe inventory)
(lead time)

=(-)

salary

(wage)
salary and allowance

salary reduction plan

SRP

7000 (
1988 )

sale
(revenue)

sale and leaseback

()

sales
(revenue)

(gross sales)(discount)
(allowance)
(net sales)

sales allowance

(revenue)
sales analysis

sales basis (of revenue recognition)

(accounting
principle)

(revenue recognition principle)

sales budget

sales discount

(terms of sale)
sales forecast

(sales
budget)
(operating budget) (financial
budget)

(1) (qualitative analysis)

(2) (quantitative analysis)

sales journal
sales book

journal
sales ledger
(customers ledger)

(personal ledger)

sales mix

sales mix variance

(marginal income)

sales price variance

=(-)

sales return

(sales)
(revenue)
sales tax

sales type lease

sales volume variance

sales quantity variance

=(-)

salvage value
scrap value

sample
(population)

(audit evidence)

sampling

(sampling for attrib-

utes)(sampling for variance)

sampling error

(precision)(reliability)

sampling for attributes

(population)

sampling for variables

sampling risk

(audit risk)
(beta risk)
sanction

satisfaction

save as you earn

SAYE

50

savings

saving deposit
(savings account)

scan

schedule

scope of audit

()
(scope paragraph)

)
(qualified report)
scrap value
salvage value
scrip

scrip dividend
(promissory note)

seal

seasoned security

secondary account

(primary account)

secondary auditor

(principal auditor)

secondary liability

(primary liability)

(primary liability)
secondary market

(securities exchange)(over-the-counter
market)(primary market)

secondary offering

(treasury stock)
(new issue)
secret commission
(bribes)
secret ledger
(private ledger)

secret reserve
(hidden reserve)

20

50

secured bond

secured liability

securities

Securities and Exchange Commission

SEC

(FASB)(ASB)

Securities and Investment Board

SIB

(SEC)
securities company
(investment company)

securities exchange
(stock exchange)

(securities exchange act)

16
(NYSE)

securities market

(1) (organized market)

(securities exchange)

(2)
(over-the-counter market)
securities market line

SML
(capital market line)
securities ratings

(credit
rating)
securitization

security

securities

(collateral)

security deposit

(tenant)

segment

(division)(branch)

segment margin

(segment contribution margin)

segment reporting

line of business reporting

(contribution margin income statement)

segregation of duties

self-assessment

(assessor)

self-balancing

self-employment income

(social security tax)

self-finance
(plough back)

(self-finance
ratio)()

self-liquidating

selling and administrative expense

selling expense

(operating expense)
selling short
short sale

selling syndicate
selling group

sell-or-process-further decision

(sunk cost)
semifinished product
.

semivariable cost

2%
1000 2%

(manufacturing overhead)

senior accountant
(accountant in charge)

senior security

sensitivity analysis
(LP)

()

separable cost

(split-off point)
(joint cost)
sequential method
(step-down allocation
method)
serial bonds

(term bonds)
serial correlation

(times series)
service center
(service department)
service cost

service department
service center

(service cost)

service life

(obsolescence)
(physical life)
service potential

set of accounts
books of accounts

(chart of accounts)
set of documents

(invoice)(bill of lading)
(insurance policy)(certificate
of origin)
settlement

settlement date

(trade date) 5
settlement funds

set-up cost
starting load cost

several liability

(joint liability)

severance pay
dismissal pay
shadow price

share

100000
1000
1%

stock
shareholder
stockholders equity
share index

(Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Share Index)

share premium

(capital contributed in excess of par value)

shell company
(holding company)
shortage

shortage cost
stock-out cost

short-form auditors report

(standard auditors
report)

short position

short-term debt
(current debt)

short-term debt ratio

(liquidity)

short-item investment
(marketable securities)

(financial income)

(capital appreciation)

shrinkage

sight draft
sight bill(drawer)
(time draft)

sight letter of credit

(beneficiary)
(sight bill)
(time letter of credit)

signature card

significant amount

simple arbitrage
(direct arbitrage)
simple capital structure

(dilutive)

(complex capital structure)

simple entry

(compound
entry)
simple interest

(compound interest)
simple rate of return
(unadjusted rate of return)

(time value)

simple trust

(complex trust)
simulation
(what-if analysis)

single-entry bookkeeping

(self balancing)
(articulated)


(plug)

single option

(double option)

single presentation
(simple capital structure)
(primary earnings per share)
(fully diluted
earning per share) (dual
presentation)
single proprietorship
sole proprietorship
single-step income statement

(gross income)(operating
income)
(multiple-step income statement)

sinking fund

sinking fund method (of depreciation)

(annuity)

(declining balance
depreciation)
skimming price policy

skip

skip tracing

(retail credit agency)

(skip tracer)
slack budget

slack path
(PERT)

(critical path)

slide error

123.40 1,234.00 12.34

slide scale

slip

slush money
slush funds

small business corporation

S corporation
100
35

smart card
(credit card)

smart terminal
(terminal equipment)
smoothing

(GAAP)
smuggle

social accounting
(national income accounting)
(social responsibility
accounting)
social audit

(financial audit)

social benefit

social impact statement

(externalities)

social responsibility

70
n

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

social responsibility accounting

SRA(social
cost accounting)

(social cost)(social
benefit)(social income)

social security tax

(Federal Insurance
Contribution Act tax)
soft currency
soft money

soft market

(firm market)

software

hardware
software package

(accounting software package)

sole proprietorship
single proprietorship
(owners equity)

solvency

(solvency ratio)
solvency ratio

(1) (debt-equity ratio)

(2) (liquidity ratio)

(3) (interest coverage ratio)

(financial ratio)

source and application of fund statement

(funds statement)
(statement of changes in financial
position)

(cash flow statement)

source document

sources of evidence

special assessment

()

special audit
(limited audit)

special fund

(general
fund)
special journal

(general journal)

(1)
(2)

(3)


special order decision

(marginal analysis)
(incremental analysis)

special purpose financial statement

(GAAP)

(CPA)
(all purpose financial statement)

special report

(standard
auditors report)
specific identification method

specific price index

(general
price index)
specific purpose fund
()

(endowment
fund)

specific separate entity postulate

speculation

(capital gain)
(ten
commandments of speculation)
spending
expenditure
spending variance

(price variance)(quantity variance)(volume variance)

spin-off

split
stock split
split-investment company

(1)
(2)
split-off

split-off point
(joint cost)

spoilage


(normal spoilage)
(abnormal spoilage)

sponsor

spot

spot cash

spot exchange rate

spot rate

spot price
(cash price)

spread sheet

(working sheet)

(electronic
spread sheet)
(spread sheet program)
(1) LOTUS 1-2-3
(2) SUPERCALC 4
(3) MULTIPLAN
(4) SYMPHONY
squeeze

(credit
squeeze)

plug
stabilization

stabilized accounting

(general price
level accounting)
stable monetary unit postulate

staff auditor
(internal
auditor)
stakeholders

(stockholder)
stale check
out-of-date check
6

standard

(norm)

(standard cost)

(accounting standard)(auditing
standard)
Standard & Poor Corporation

500 (S&P
500 stock index)
(Dow Jones Industrials
averages)

standard auditors report

(short-form auditors
report) (standard
opinion)
standard cost
(target cost)

(standard costing)
standard costing

standard cost variance

standard deduction
(zero bracket amount)

(itemized deductions)

1993
3700

standard deviation
SD

standardization of accounting
(internationalization of
accounting)

(ISAC)

standardization of accounting terms

20

(SFAC)
(AISG) 1975

standard labor rate

(10%)
(30%)

9.00
0.90
2.70
12.60

standard material price

5.00
0.35
0.10

0.50

4.95

standard opinion
(short-form opinion)(clean opinion)
(CPA)

standard ratio
(industry ratios)

standing order

(direct debit)
starting-load cost
set-up cost
stated capital

declared capital

(legal capital)
stated value
declared value
(par value)

statement

(financial statement)

statement of account

statement of affairs

(liquidation value)

statement of cash flows

SCF

(statement of
funds) (statement of
changes in financial position)

statement of cash receipts and disbursement

(statement of cash flows)
statement of financial position (or condition)

SFP (balance
sheet)

(balance sheet)
statement of realization and liquidation

statement of retained earnings

(1) ()

(2) ()

(3) ()

(articulate)
statement of stockholders equity

(statement of net
worth)
(statement of retained earnings)

(paid-in capital)(retained earnings)

Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts

SFAC
(FASB)

Statements of Financial Accounting Standards

FASB Statements SFAS

(APB)(Opinion)

Statements of International Accounting

Standards
(IABC)

Statements of Standard Accounting Practice

SSAP
(Accounting Standards CommitteeASC)

Accounting Standard Board

(Financial Reporting Standards

FRS)
Statements on Auditing Standards

SAS
(AICPA)(ASB)
(CPA)

static analysis
(vertical analysis)

(dynamic
analysis)
static budget
(fixed budget)
static statement

(balance sheet)
(dynamic statement)

statutory accounting

statutory audit

statutory books

statutory merger

statutory receiver

statutory statement

10-K(Ten-K)
10-Q(Ten-Q)
step allocation method

(step-down allocation
method)
step cost
(stepvariable
cost)(semifixed cost)

()
step-down allocation method

(
)

(direct allocation method)

(reciprocal allocation method)
stewardship

stewardship accounting

custodial accounting
stock

(stock certificate)

(1) (common stock)

(2) (preferred stock)

inventory

stock acquisition plan

(executive stock acquisition plan)

85%

stock appreciation rights

SAR

stock bonus

(profit sharing plan)

stock broker

(dealer)

stock certificate

( 10 100 )
( 50 )(
)

stock company

stock dilution

stock dividend

stock exchange
SE(securities
exchange)
stock exchange automated quotations

stock exchange index

stock index

(Dow Jones averages)

(Financial Times Industrial
Ordinary Share Index)
stockholder

stockholders equity
(owners equity)
(net worth)

(capital contributed in excess of par

value)(retained earnings)

(creditors equity)
stockholders of record

stock index futures

(financial futures)

500 (S&P 500

stock index)
(New York Securities Exchange Composite Stock Index)
stock market crash

1997

stock option
option
stock-out cost
shortage cost

stock outstanding
outstanding capital stock
stock quotation

(stock exchange
automated quotations)
stock register

stock right
preemptive right

stock split

stock subscription

stock taking
inventory taking
stock turnover
inventory turnover
stock warrant

stock yield

stop payment order

SPO

(stopped check)

(EFTS)
storage cost

25%

()
15%

stores

stores card
(subsidiary
ledger)
stores requisition
material requisition
straight bill of lading

straight letter of credit

straight-line method (of depreciation)

strategic budget

strategic decision

strategic planning

(1)

(2)

(3)

striking price
exercise price
subcontract
(subcontractor)
(prime contractor)

subjective goodwill

(NPV)


subjective probability

(frequency distribution)

9.00%

0.20

9.25%

0.30

9.50%

0.40

9.75%

0.10

subjective value

subject-to opinion
qualified opinion
(qualified report)
suboptimization

subordinated bond

subrogation

subscription

subsequent events
(post balance sheet
events)
subside

()
subsidiary account
(subsidiary ledger)
subsidiary company
51%
(parent company)

(merger)
(consolidation)
(controlling interest)
subsidiary company accounting

(arms length transaction)

subsidiary ledger
auxiliary ledger
(controlling
account)
(general ledger)

substantive test

(1) (test of transaction)

(2) (test of balance)
(3) (analytical review)
(compliance test)

subsystem

(MIS)
successor auditor

(predecessor auditor)

sum
sum total
summary account
(income summary)
(income and expense
summary account)

sum-of-the-years digits method (of depreciation)

SYD method
(accelerated depreciation method)

SYD= n(n+1)2

10000
1000 5

5/15

900

300

4/15

900

240

3/15

900

180

2/15

900

120

1/15

900

60

900

sundry account

sunk cost
(irrelevant cost)
(historical cost)

(original acquisition cost)

(relevant cost)

sunshine law
1976
50

(SEC)

supplementary budget

supplementary statement

supplies

surcharge

surplus

(earned surplus)
(retained earnings)
(capital surplus)
(capital contributed in excess of par value)
surprise audit

(fraud audit)(prenotice audit)

surrender value
(cash surrender value)

(ordinary life insurance)

surtax

1993
25
36%
10% 39.6%

surviving company
(acquiring
company)
(predecessor company)

suspense account

swap

syndicate
(consortium)
synergism

(1) (operating synergism)

(2) (financial synergism)

system analysis

system analyst

(system programmer)
systematic risk
(market risk)
(undiversifiable risk)
(portfolio risk)

systematic sampling

system programmer

system weakness

(internal control
system)

T
tabular ledger

(combined journal and

ledger)
tabulator

(tabulating
equipment)

T-account T

tactical decision

(strategic decision)

tactical plan
(operational plan)

(strategic plan)

tag

(record)
take-home pay
(pay check)
(income
tax)(social security taxes)

takeover
merger

(economics of scale)
(diversification)

tangible asset
(physical asset)

()(
)
(intangible asset)
target cost
(standard cost)
target income

(ROI)
(ROS)
target income sales ()
(target income)

+
=

(unit contribution margin) 15 15000

15000

=(15000+15000)15=2000()

target rate of return

(required rate of return)
(ROI)

tariff

customs duty

(1)
(2)
(protective tariff)

(anti-dumping tariff)

tax

(1)

(2)
(3) (property tax)

(4) (excise tax)

(5) (sales tax)

taxable income

tax accounting

(tax adviser)

tax adviser

(CPA)
(ChFC)
(AICPA) 1970
(Tax adviser)

tax allocation
(interperiod tax

allocation)
tax anticipation bill
TAB

tax anticipation note

TAN

(tax anticipation bill)

tax avoidance

(deduction)(exemption)
(tax loophole)

(tax evasion)
tax base

tax bracket

(tax
rate)
Tax Court
(IRS)

tax credit

(tax deduction)

1000 36%
360

tax deduction

tax evasion

1986

75%
tax exempt
tax exclusion

tax haven

(Caribbean Sea)

(tax avoidance)

tax holiday

tax indexing
(indexation)

(bracket creep)
1988
(CPI)
(tax bracket)
tax lien

tax loophole

(tax avoidance)
(tax benefit)

(anti-tax avoidance)

tax-loss carryback

(tax-loss carryforward)

tax-loss carryforward

(tax-loss carryback)
tax payer
(tax
liability)
tax penalty

tax planning

(tax software)
tax preference item

tax rate

(1993 )

(1)
0~50 000

15%

50 000 ~75 000

25%

75 000

35%

(2)
0~29 750

15%
28%

29 750~250 000

31%
36%

250 000

39.6%

tax return

2 15
3 15
tax shelter

tax software

(tax planning)
(tax return) Templates
Turbo Tax

tax withholding
withholding
technical adjustment

technical analysis
(Chartism)
()

(fundamental
analysis)()
technical insolvency
(practical insolvency)

(liquidity)
(absolute insolvency)
technological obsolescence

technology intensive
(knowledge intensive)

(R&D
cost)
(capital intensive)
(labor intensive)
teeming and lading
lapping
telecommunication

(telecommunication software)
ASCII
XModemANSI
telegraphic transfer
T/T

temporary account
(nominal account)

(closing)

temporary difference
(timing difference)
(permanent difference)
(interperiod tax
allocation)
ten commandments of speculation

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)
(8)
(9)

(10)

tender
tender bid
()

tender bond
tender guarantee

5%
tender issue

10-K(Ten-K) 10-K

(SEC)

(1)
(2)
10-Q(Ten-Q) 10-Q

(SEC)

tentative balance sheet

term bonds

(serial bonds)

term deposit
time deposit
term draft
time bill
terminal equipment

(dumb terminal)

(intelligent terminal)
(smart terminal)
terminal value
(future value)
(compound amount)(present value)

termination of business

termination of contract

term loan
2
10

(balloon
loan)

(demand loan)
terms of sale
(terms of payment)

2/10, n/30 10
2%
30 (net)

(FOB)(CIF)
(C&F)

test
test check, test audit
(population)

test check
test
test of internal control

(internal accounting control)

test of transaction
(CPA)

(analytical review)
think program
(CPA)

third market

(over-the-counter market)

third-party beneficiary

third statement
(statement of cash flows)
three-column accounts

three-way variance analysis

(1) (volume variance)

(2) (price variance)
(3) (quantity variance)
(overhead variance analysis)
tick mark
(working paper)

tied loan

(Export
Import Bank)

till money
vault cash

time adjusted rate of return

TARR(internal
rate of return)
time deposit


(certificate of depositCD)

(demand deposit)
time draft
time bill
(sight
draft)
time series
(
)
time series analysis

(cross
section analysis)

time sharing

times-interest-earned ratio

(interest coverage
ratio)
time ticket

time value of money

(present value)

time-value of money calculator

(n)(i)(PV)(FV)

time variance

time wage

(piece wage)
timing difference

(permanent difference)

tip

title
(ownership)
title deed

title insurance

(title insurance company)

T-note
treasury note
total amount

total assets

total assets turnover

(total capital turnover)

(Du
Pont analysis)(ROI)

(ROS)

total cost

(manufacturing cost)

(cost behavior)

total investment risk

(systematic risk)
(unsystematic risk)
(portfolio risk)
total leverage
(operating leverage)
(financial leverage)

(EPS)
total price

total value

total working capital

gross working capital

total worth
total value
traceable cost
(direct cost)

trace backward

trace forward

trade association

trade credit

(1) (open account)

(2) (promissory note)
(3) (trade acceptance)

10 2%
30
37%
(bank credit)
trade cycle
business cycle
trade date

(settlement date)
5
trade discount
(quantity discount)
(price discount)

(cash discount)

trade-in value

(boot)
trademark

20
20
40

trading account

(gross profit)
trading profit
(gross profit)
(gross income)
traditional accounting
(custodial accounting)

(historical accounting)
(current cost accounting)
traditional audit
(financial audit)
(operational audit)
(management audit)
traditional budget

(zero base budgeting)(program budget)

traditional costing
(full costing)
(absorption costing)
(direct costing)
(variable costing)
traditional financial management

(modern financial
management)

traditional pricing
(full costing)

(marginal cost pricing)

transaction
(accounting events)

(1) (external transaction)

(2) (internal transaction)

transaction analysis

()

transaction cycle

(1) (revenue cycle)

(2) (buying cycle)

(3) (production cycle)

transaction test
test of transactions
transcribe

transfer

transfer agent

()

transfer check
(crossed check)
transfer price

(1)

(2)

transfer register
transfer book

transfer tax

translation (of foreign currency)

(translation) (conversion)

(current rate
method)
translation gain or loss

(foreign exchange gain or loss)

translation
translation risk

travelers check

traveling audit

(detailed audit)

traveling auditor
(field auditor)

treasurer

(controller)

treasury bill
T-bill

1~10 3 6 9

treasury bond

T-bond
1~10
10

treasury note
T-note
1~10
1~5

treasury stock

(reacquired stock)
(capital
stock)

(outstanding capital stock)

treasury bond
trend analysis method

()
()

trial and error method

(IRR)

trial balance

(working paper)

(trial balance of balances)(trial balance of totals)

troubled debt restructuring

(extraordinary gain)

true and fair view

(standard
auditors report)
(present fairly)

1985

true interest
(pure interest)

true investment

true yield
()

trust

(trustor)
(donor)(grantor)

(trustee)
(beneficiary)

(business trust)(bond issue

trust)(investment trust)

trust company

(antitrust legislation)


(holding company)
trust accounting
(trustee)

trust beneficiary

trust company

(trustee)
trustee

(trustor)

(trust beneficiary)

trustee in bankruptcy
(creditors committee)

trust fund
(trustee)
(pension
trust fund)
trustor

(donor)(grantor)
turnover

turnover ratio

sales
turnover ratio

( 2)

(financial ratio)

(accounts receivable turnover)

(inventory turnover)
(fixed assets turnover)
two-bin system

2/10, n/30 (two/ten, net/thirty) 10

2%30
(terms of sale)
(trade credit)
two-to-one ratio
(current ratio)
(liquidity)

two-way variance analysis

(overhead variance analysis)

type error
(alpha risk)
type error
(beta risk)

U
ultimate risk

(combined reliability)

(substantive test)

ultra vires
beyond the power

unadjusted rate of return

(simple rate of return)
unadjusted trial balance

(adjusting
entry)(closing entry)

unadmitted asset

unamortized bond discount

(bond payable)

unamortized bond premium

unamortized expense
()
()

unappropriated retained earnings

unaudited financial statement

(CPA)(
)
(GAAS)

unavoidable cost

(fixed cost)

uncertainty

(risk)(uncertainty)

uncollectible accounts (receivable)

bad debt
(default)

uncompleted transaction

uncomplete records

unconsolidated subsidiary

(consolidated
financial statement)

(equity method)
uncontrollable cost

(controllable
cost)
unconvertible currency
inconvertible currency

unconvertible security

uncrossed check

under-absorbed overhead
(predetermined
overhead rate)

under-capitalization

under-depreciation

under-insurance

under-subscription

(underwriting agreement)

underwriter
(investment bank)

underwriting agreement
(underwriting contract)(underwriter)

(best-efforts agreement)
undistributed profit
(retained earnings)
undiversifiable risk
(systematic risk)
unearned revenue
unearned income

unemployment tax
(FUTA Tax)
(Federal Unemployment Tax Act)
unencumbered appropriation
(unencumbered balance)

unexpired cost
(unamortized
cost)
(expired cost)

unfair competition

unfavorable variance
(adverse variance)
(standard cost)

(standard costing)
unfunded

(pension fund)
uniform accounting system

(trade association)

Uniform Commercial Code

UCC

uniform CPA examination

(AICPA)

5 11

(CPA)
unincorporated association

unissued capital stock

(authorized capital stock)

(issued capital stock)
unit contribution margin

(unit marginal income)

unit cost

unit price

unlimited liability

unlisted securities

(over-the-counter market)
(listed securities)
unqualified opinion
(auditors report)
unrealized holding gain or loss

(lower of
cost or market)

unrestricted assets

unseasoned security

unsecured loan

(secured
loan)
unsystematic risk
(nonmarket risk)
(diversifiable risk)
(portfolio risk)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(portfolio)

upset price

usage variance
(quantity variance)
useful life
service life
user charge

user cost

usurer

utility

(public utility company)

V
validation
(attest)

validity test

(precision)(reliability)

valuables

valuation
(accounting valuation)

(appraisal)
valuation account

(main account)

(contra account) (adjunct account)

valuation allowance

value

(value in exchange)
(market value)

(value in use)

value added
value added by manufacture

value-added statement

value-added tax
VAT

value analysis
VA (value
engineering)

value in exchange

(net realizable value)

value in use

(capitalization
of earnings)
value of the business
value of the firm

(maximization of wealth)

(1)

(2)

(3)

valuer
appraiser
value to the business

(Sandilands Report) 16
(SSAP)

(RC)(NRV)
(NPV)

variability
(expected
return)
(measure of
dispersion)
variable annuity

variable budget
(flexible budget)
variable cost
(direct cost)

(fixed cost)
variable costing
(direct costing)
variable cost percentage

150
600
25%

variable interest rate

variable labor cost

variable overhead

variable-rate bond
(adjustable rate
bond)(
)

variables

variable sampling
sampling of variables
variance

(responsibility accounting)

variance analysis
(standard cost system)

VAT
value-added tax
venture

venture capital
risk capital

(1)
(2) (small business investment companySBIC)
(3) (limited partnership)
venture management

(1)
(diversification)

(2)

verifiability

verification

(verification of accounts)
(substantive test)

vertical analysis
(static analysis)

(percentage statement)
100%

100%

(horizontal analysis)
vertical audit

(horizontal
audit)
vertical axis
Y-axis
vertical combination
(vertical expansion)

(horizontal
combination)
vest
(power)(interest)
vested

vested interest

(ERISA)
5 25%
15
100%
vis major
irresistible force
act of God

void
null and void
void check
(rubber check)
(stale check)
void contract

volatile securities

(speculator)


volatility

(1) (systematic risk)

(undiversifiable
risk)
(2) (unsystematic risk)

(diversifiable risk)
volume-cost-profit analysis

cost-volume-profit analysis
volume variance

voluntary audit

(compulsory
audit)
voluntary bankruptcy

(involuntary bankruptcy)

voluntary liquidation
voluntary winding-up

voluntary winding-up
voluntary liquidation
voting right (stock) ()

(proxy)
vouch

voucher

(voucher
system) (journal
voucher)
voucher audit
(preaudit)
(disbursing officer)
(disbursement)
voucher register
(voucher system)

voucher system

(voucher)(internal
control)

W
wage

(salary)
wage cost
(payroll cost)
wage deduction
(payroll deduction)
wage freeze

(price-wage spiral)
wage rate
()

wage rate variance

walk-through test

(compliance test)

Wall Street

(NYSE)
warehouse

(warehouser warehouseman)

(bonded warehouse)
warehouse receipt

(warehouse receipt loan)

warrant

stock warrant

warehouse warrant

warranty

()

wash sale
(wash transaction)

waste

(quantity variance)
(usage variance)
wasting assets
(natural resources)

(amortization)
(depletion)

watered stock
(watered capital)

(fair market price)

weak currency
(soft currency)
weak market

wealth

wealth maximization

(1)

(2)
(3)
(profit maximization)

wear and tear

weighted average contribution margin

(composite break-even point)

60%

40%

=30.6+50.4 =3.80()

weighted average cost of capital

WACC

(optimal capital structure)

(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)
(overall cost of capital)
weighted average inventory method

(FIFO)
(LIFO)

weighted index

(CPI)
0.99%
110%
1.089%
what-if analysis
(simulation)
white-collar crimes

white knight
(acquiring
company)

Wholesale Price Index

WPI
(Producers Price Index)

2300
wholly-owned subsidiary

windfall profit

winding up
liquidation
window dressing

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(financial ratio)

withdrawal

(contributed
capital)
(liquidating dividend)
withholding tax

(FICA tax)
(FUTA tax)

without dividend
ex-dividend
without interest
ex-interest

without recourse

workers director

workers participation
(profit sharing)
(stock purchase)
(joint decision making)f

working asset
(current asset)
working capital
(
)
(gross working capital)

(net working capital)

working capital

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
working capital management

(1)

(2)

(3)

working capital turnover

working paper
work sheet

(peer review)

work in process
goods in process

work-in-process inventory

goods in process inventory

(full costing)

(variable costing)

work in progress
work in process
work ticket
job ticket, time ticket

()
World Bank
(International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
World Trade Organization
WTO1995 1 1
(GATT)

worth
value

(net
worth)
write down ()

write off

(
)
write up ()

(purchase
method)()

X
X-axis X
(horizontal axis)
0

XD
ex-dividend
XR
ex-rights

Y
Y-axis Y
(vertical axis)
0
year-end adjustment

year-end audit

(regular
auditing)
year-end bonus

year-end dividend
final dividend

(interim
dividend)
yield

rate of returnyield
rate of return
yield
(nominal interest rate)yield

(1) (current yield)

(2) (maturity yield)

yield gap

2.5%
yield rate
yield
yield to maturity

YTM

+
= +()

10%
100000 4000
5

10000 + ( 4000 5 )
( 96000 + 100000 ) 2

=1080098000
=11.02%

Z
zero balance

(debit
balance)(credit balance)
zero base budgeting
ZBB

zero bracket amount

ZBA
(standard deduction)

standard deduction
zero coupon bond

(deep discount)

zero salvage value

(depreciation base)
(depreciable cost)

Z score
(EAltman)
(multiple discriminant
analysis)
80%~90%

Z=1.2x1+1.4x2+3.3x3+0.6x4+0.999x5

x1=
x2=
x3=(EBIT)

x4=
x5=

Z (
)
(
)Z

1.8

1.81~2.99

3.0