Biology: Cell structure, living organisms classification, life processes of plants and animals (nutrition, digestion, respiration, circulatory

system, blood, excretion), control &coordination(nervous system, eyes, ears),endocrine system & reproduction, digestive enzymes, hormones, vitamins, infectious diseases, natural resources management(air, water, soil pollution, wetlands, forestry, wildlife)applications of biology(plant breeding, animal breeding, pesticides, bio fertilisers, biotechnology, stem cells),Institutions of National importance. Topics covered are useful in Section- II ( Modern trends in Life sciences) chapters 3,4,5 in Paper -IV (Mains)
UNIT 1: Progress of Agricultural Science and its impacts - Introduction to Biotechnology: History of fermentation development, industrially important fermentation products (antibiotics, organic acids, alcohols, vitamins, amino acids (only one in each category is to be studied)) Production of low volume, high value fermentation products (insulin, growth hormones, recombinant vaccines, interferons) UNIT 2: Plants and human affairs, characteristics of plants, usefulness for mankind, origin of Agriculture, useful and harmful plants. Introduction to animals, Domestic and wild animals, usefulness of animals for mankind, Exploitation of animals by man for food and medical advancements. UNIT 3: Introduction to and applications of Genetic Engineering & Stem Cell Research: Basic concepts (the basic process of genetic engineering) Biotechnology in agriculture (Bio fertilisers, Bio pesticides, Bio fuels, Genetically modified crops, Tissue culture) animal husbandry (transgenic animals- applications) and environment (Biotechnology in Environmental cleanup processes). UNIT 4: Microbial infections; Common present day infections and preventive measures. Introduction to bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections. Basic knowledge of infections caused by different groups of micro organisms diarrhoea, dysentry, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, viral infections like HIV, encephalitis, chikungunya, bird flu preventive measures during out breaks. UNIT 5: Vaccines: Introduction to immunity, Fundamental concepts in vaccination and traditional methods of vaccine production (production of DPT and Rabies vaccine), Production of Modern Vaccines (production of Hepatitis vaccine) And applications of immunological methods in diagnosis http://appscmaterial.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/APPSC%20GROUP-1 http://www.manabadi.co.in/institute/SyllabusWiseSM.aspx http://dictionary.facts.co/sciencestudymaterial/sciencestudymaterial.php http://upscgeneralstudies.blogspot.in/search/label/GENERAL%20SCIENCE http://appscmaterial.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/CURRENT%20AFFAIRS%202012 http://www.sakshieducation.com/%28S%28yntaqn45zksvpw45zpy3r3fi%29%29/GroupII/GrIMateria l.aspx?cid=27&sid=210&chid=274&tid=0 http://www.osmanian.com/2012/03/appsc-group-1-and-group-2-telugu-audio.html http://mgrahmani.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/state-services-exams.html

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