Goal: Study of a comparator realized by an op-amp.

Setup: The comparator allows to determine the instant at which a voltage signal, of any waveform, reaches a certain voltage level VR. In particular the circuit, shown in figure, provides two possible output voltage levels: High (VOHVcc-1V) if Vin<VR Low (VOL-Vcc+1V) if Vin>VR Assemble on the breadboard the circuit shown in the figure. Use VCC=6V.
+VCC +VCC

R1
VR

Vin

_ +
-VCC Vout

T2

Component to be used: TL081; R1=100K trimmer T2 with maximum value equal to 200K . Measurements to be done Apply an input sinusoidal signal (Vm=5 V, Freq=1KHz) and detected by the probes input and output voltages. Set the oscilloscope in XY mode and detect the relationship between input and output. Observe what happens varying the reference voltage VR (through the trimmer T2).

Do not disassemble the circuit.

+VCC

_ ####################################################### Vin Goal: Vout + Study of a hysteresis comparator realized by an op-amp. Setup: -Vcc Modify the circuit, which was realized in the previous experiment, as shown in the figure. Use the supply voltage VCC=6V. R1 Component to be used: T2 TL081; R1=100K trimmer T2 with maximum value equal to 200K . Measurements to be done: Apply at the circuit input a sinusoidal signal (Vm=5V, Freq=1KHz) and detected by the probes input and output voltages. Set the oscilloscope in XY mode and detect the relationship between input and output. Observe what happens by varying, by means of the trimmer T2, the reference voltage. Formulate hypotheses to explain the performance of the observed output input relationship.

Do not disassemble the circuit. ####################################################################################### Goal: Study of a square waveform generator. Setup: Before introducing the components R and C, adjust the trimmer so that the resistance of T2 is equal to R1 (without removing the component or use the multimiter!!!). Use the supply voltage VCC=6V. The operation of this circuit is based on the charging and discharging of the capacitor and on the existence of two different reference voltages VRL and VRH.

Assume that the high output is equal to VOH, and that VRH=VOHRT2/(R1+RT2)=0.5VOH consequently the capacitor, through the resistor R, tends to charge itself with exponential law at the voltage VOH, but as soon as VC>VRH the comparator changes state and goes to low level. When the output of the op-amp is low, Vout=VOL and VRL=VOLRT2/(R1+RT2)=0.5VOL consequently the capacitor through R tends to discharge itself, and as soon as VC<VRL the comparator snaps and goes to the high level. R C
+VCC
VOH VRH

+
-VCC Vout
VRL VOL

T2

R1

VOH

VOL

Component to be used: TL081; R1=100K trimmer T2 with maximum value equal to 200K

R=10K

C=47nF.

Measure to be done: Through the oscilloscope detect the op-amp output waveform and the capacitor voltage waveform verifying the amplitudes and frequency. Replace the resistor R with a trimmer (Rmax = 200k ) and see what happens by changing the value of the resistance R.
#######################################################################################

Goal: Synthesis of a square waveform generator with period equal to 1s. Component to be used: TL081; R1=R2=100K C=47 F, RS and R with value to be defined. Use the supply voltage VCC=6V. R At the output of the op-amp connect a LED in parallel with a diode 1N4001 and a resistor RS in series, as shown in the figure. RS must fix the current IF through the LED at 20mA while the diode, placed in parallel, limits the reverse voltage on the LED at 0.65V. The output voltage is assumed to vary between the values +VCC-1 and -VCC+1V.
C
+VCC

+ RS
-VCC

R2

R1

D1

LED