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5006
Edexcel GCSE
Science
Biology B1b
Topic 3: Electrical and Chemical Signals
Topic 4: Use, Misuse and Abuse
Foundation and Higher Tiers
Monday 25 June 2007 – Morning
Time: 20 minutes
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Nil
HB pencil, eraser and calculator

Instructions to Candidates
Use an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.

Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.
All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:

Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:

For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or D
and mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet. A B D
For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.
Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first
mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.
Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.
You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

Printer’s Log. No.

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*N29510A*
W850/R1535/57570 7/5/3/3/46,500

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.
 Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only.
Higher tier candidates start at question 17.

Boiled egg

The picture shows Jane removing her hand quickly after she touched an egg that had just been boiled.

1. Jane’s behaviour is called

A a voluntary response
B an involuntary response
C a stimulus
D an impulse

2. Jane’s movement involved neurones passing impulses.

Which was the first neurone to be used?

A relay
B sensory
C motor
D effector

3. Jane wants to find out if cold hands react differently from warm hands when touching a hot
egg.
The best way to do this would be to measure how long it took for

A a cold hand from one person to be removed from the egg

B a cold and a warm hand from one person to be removed from the egg
C the cold hands from several people to be removed from the egg
D the cold and the warm hands from several people to be removed from the egg

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4. Which should Jane use to measure the reaction time?

A ice
B clock
C thermometer
D egg

The most popular drug in the world

The most popular drug in the world is one you probably have
every day. This is caffeine. Caffeine is found in tea, coffee and
cola.

5. Caffeine is a

A painkiller
B sedative
C stimulant
D antibiotic

6. The main organ affected by caffeine is the

A brain
B lungs
C liver
D stomach

7. If you drink a lot of coffee with caffeine you are likely to

A have a slower heart rate

B take longer to react
C be more alert
D feel sleepy

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8. These are the ingredients in 250 ml of a popular fizzy drink.

TAURINE 1000 mg
GLUCURONOLACTONE 600 mg
CAFFEINE 80 mg
NIACIN 20 mg
VITAMIN B6 5 mg
PANTOTHENIC ACID 5 mg
VITAMIN B12 0.005 mg
SUCROSE 21.5 g
GLUCOSE 5.25 g

How many mg of caffeine would there be in 500 ml of the same drink?

A 80 mg
B 160 mg
C 250 mg
D 500 mg

Peter’s illness

Peter was worried because he began to lose weight and became very tired. He went to see his doctor.
His doctor took a blood sample from Peter. The pie chart shows the four main parts of Peter’s blood.

key
plasma
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells

9. Most of Peter’s blood is made up of

A plasma
B platelets
C red blood cells
D white blood cells

10. The doctor tested Peter’s blood for glucose.

Glucose is mostly found dissolved in the

A plasma
B platelets
C red blood cells
D white blood cells

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The doctor showed Peter a graph showing normal blood glucose concentration and the blood glucose
concentration found in Peter’s blood.

28 ±
blood glucose
concentration 24 ±
in mmol
per litre 20 ±
16 ±
12 ±
8±
4±

normal blood Peter's blood

11. The concentration in Peter’s blood was

A 4
B 16
C 20
D 24

12. Peter’s blood glucose concentration was much higher than normal.
His doctor told him he had

A diabetes
B fatigue
C inflammation
D an addiction

13. The doctor said that Peter had the illness because an organ in his body was not making
enough

A enzymes
B insulin
C red blood cells
D stimulants

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14. Which organ in Peter’s body was not working properly?

A intestine
B brain
C liver
D pancreas

15. Peter wanted a second sample of his blood to be tested.

This was so the result could be

A more reliable
B averaged
C safer
D more ethical

16. The doctor told Peter he would feel better if he had a hormone injection.
Which row of the table is correct for hormones?

type of message carried by hormones hormones transported by

A chemical nerves
B electrical blood
C chemical blood
D electrical nerves

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 Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.
Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier.

Salmonella poisoning

Salmonella bacteria can cause disease in humans and animals.

17. What is the name given to disease-causing organisms?

A foreign bodies
B microbes
C pathogens
D viruses

18. Bacteria such as Salmonella can be destroyed in the body by

A red blood cells

B plasma
C platelets
D white blood cells

19. Salmonella bacteria can be found in raw chicken. They grow very quickly in the correct
conditions.
What are the best conditions to store raw chicken to reduce the growth of Salmonella
bacteria?

A below 4 °C and dry

B below 4 °C and damp
C above 15 °C and dry
D above 15 °C and damp

20. Salmonella bacteria can affect the body when eaten in infected food.
What is this type of transmission called?

A vector borne
B vehicle borne
C vertical contact
D horizontal contact

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 Paracetamol

Paracetamol is a drug for pain relief that can be bought in supermarkets. It is the most used painkiller
in Britain.

21. Which part of the body may be seriously damaged by taking an overdose of paracetamol?

A heart
B kidney
C liver
D lungs

22. How does paracetamol relieve the pain of a headache?

A Transmission across the synapse is slowed down

B Transmission across the synapse is speeded up
C Electrical impulses are stopped from travelling along neurones
D Electrical impulses travel the opposite way along neurones

23. Which is not a reason for paracetamol being the most used painkiller in Britain?

A There are no side effects if used in small amounts

B Paracetamol is easily available
C Paracetamol is cheap to buy
D Large doses can be taken

24. Heroin can be prescribed by doctors for more severe pain.

The problem with prescribing heroin in this way is that

A heroin is a recreational drug

B patients may develop a tolerance for heroin
C heroin use increases the risk of infection
D patients may suffer liver damage

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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 Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only.
Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

Tuberculosis

A patient was suffering from TB. Samples from their breath, saliva and fingers were taken and cultured
in Petri dishes in the laboratory. The Petri dishes were covered, sealed and incubated. The results are
shown below.

colony of colony of
TB bacteria TB bacteria

breath fingerprint saliva

25. Based on the results of the experiment, what would you conclude was the most likely way for
TB to be spread?

A by animal vector
B by hand to hand contact
C through droplets in the air
D in drinking water

26. Before the experiment the Petri dishes were irradiated to sterilise them.
Why was this important?

A to ensure the cultures would grow

B as a control for the experiment
C to kill all other microorganisms before the experiment
D to protect the scientists doing the experiment

27. Why were the Petri dishes covered and sealed?

A to stop contamination from airborne microorganisms

B to increase the numbers of microorganisms growing
C to keep the Petri dishes warm in the incubator
D to minimise the growth of TB microorganisms

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28. What type of microorganism causes TB?

A bacterium
B antigen
C fungus
D virus

Use the graph to answer questions 29 and 30.

The graph shows the number of deaths from TB in Britain since 1840.

4500

number of 4000
deaths per million
3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980
year

29. The graph shows that

A most people died between 1820 and 1840

B the number of deaths halved between 1840 and 1880
C immunisation changed the number of deaths
D there have been no deaths from TB since 1960

30. In 1940 Britain had a population of 12 million people.

How many people died from TB during this year?

A 600
B 4000
C 6000
D 7200

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31. What would be the effect in Britain of the emergence of drug resistant TB?

A The number of cases of TB would increase and they would be easier to treat
B The number of cases of TB would increase and they would be more difficult to treat
C The number of cases of TB would be unaffected but they would be easier to treat
D The number of cases of TB would be unaffected but the drugs would have the same
effect

32. These two statements are about conditions and the spread of TB.

1 The community all live close to one another.

2 Very few people go into or out of the community.

Which are likely to increase the spread of TB?

A 1 only
B 2 only
C both 1 and 2
D neither

Contraception

Julie wanted to avoid getting pregnant. She read the passage below in a newspaper.

The female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, are

found in one type of contraceptive pill. If used correctly, there
is only a 0.25% chance of pregnancy in the first year of use. An
unfortunate side effect is an increased risk of a stroke.

33. Julie calculated that if one million women used the pill, the number who could get pregnant in
the first year of use would be

A 25
B 250
C 2 500
D 25 000

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34. Oestrogen helps as a contraceptive because it

A thins the uterus lining

B promotes FSH release
C thickens the uterus lining
D inhibits FSH release

35. Progesterone helps as a contraceptive because it

A maintains the uterus lining

B prevents ovulation
C promotes LH release
D thickens the uterus lining

36. The organ that can be damaged by a stroke is the

A uterus
B brain
C liver
D lung

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 Development of drugs to fight cancer

According to research in America the number of deaths from most types of cancer is falling due to the
development of new and improved drugs.

The graph shows the number of drugs in development for cancer as of April 30, 1999.

bladder cancer 13
brain cancer 23
breast cancer 63
cervical cancer 11
colon cancer 46
head/neck cancer 23
kidney cancer 18
leukemia 38
liver cancer 8
lung cancer 58
lymphoma 37
multiple myeloma 5
neuroblastoma 2
ovarian cancer 41
pancreatic cancer 22
prostate cancer 47
sarcoma 6
skin cancer 58
solid tumors 49
stomach cancer 12
cancer-related conditions 37
other cancers 20
unspecified cancers 21
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: www.ncpa.org

37. In 1999 according to the graph which two types of cancer had the most drugs in
development?

A breast cancer and colon cancer

B colon cancer and skin cancer
C skin cancer and lung cancer
D lung cancer and breast cancer

38. The highest number of cancer deaths in America is due to lung cancer but more drugs are being
developed for breast cancer.
The most likely reason for this is that

A the marketing and funding for lung cancer is very successful

B the marketing and funding for breast cancer is very successful
C drugs for breast cancer are more expensive to manufacture
D it is possible to cure lung cancer

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39. One cause of lung cancer is known to be smoking tobacco.
What is the effect of tar and nicotine on the body?

A Nicotine causes mutations of cells in the lungs and tar can clog up the cilia
B Nicotine is addictive and tar binds to red blood cells instead of oxygen
C Chemicals in tar cause cell mutations and nicotine is addictive
D Chemicals in tar block goblet cells and nicotine damages alveoli

40. These three statements are about the use of opiates in the treatment of terminally ill patients.

1 Opiates are addictive and are not prescribed to terminally ill patients.
2 Opiates offer very strong pain relief.
3 Opiates can prolong the life of terminally ill patients.

Which are true?

A 2 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

END

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