Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REL316*4
Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
ABB
REL316*4 Objectives
Rules / Facts Important Settings Supervision of the breaker (CB memory) the four AR cycles Function of the operating time Examples Substations with single busbar or multiple busbar 1 1/2 breaker scheme Maser / Follower scheme Line Protection Interfaces
ABB
REL316*4 Objectives
Auto Reclosure interfaces 3-pole tripping with 3-pole AR 1-pole tripping with 1-pole AR Operating Modes Synchronism Monitoring Application Example Voltage Selection
ABB
REL316*4 Application
SYSTEM
TRIP LP
TRIP LP
SYSTEM
AR Close CB
AR Close CB
SYSTEM
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
SYSTEM Load
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Rules / Facts
On several auto-reclosing cycle, only the first cycle can be single pole tripping with fast auto-reclosing Following auto-reclosing cycles must be three phase tripping and reclosing The line protection must provide single phase trip for the first fault, following faults must be tripped three phase The closing command always goes to all three phases
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Rules / Facts
No synchro check is needed for fast single phase reclosing (Sychro-check by-pass)
The system will not loose synchronity: 3 of 4 conductors (2 phases and ground) are still in service During the pause time the line still transmits more than 50% of the maximum power
If AR is not ready for a single cycle, the tripping circuit must be prepared or switched to 3-phase tripping
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Reasons for AR not ready: - AR blocked or switched off - AR blocked with t inhibit after reclosing (CB recovery time) - Fast AR dead time expired - No 1- pole AR permitted
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Rules / Facts
During the 1-pole dead time (one pole from the breaker is open) all other functions who react on unsymmetry and have a shorter tripping time then t-dead-1P-setting must be blocked
Example: - Directional earth fault with tripping scheme POTT - Pole discrepancy protection
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Important Settings
1-pole dead time (t dead 1P) 3-pole dead time (t dead 3P) Operating time (t oper) Discrimination time (t discrim.1P, t discrim.3P) Blocking time (t AR Block)
One pole opens and closes after t-dead -1P Typical dead time: 0.3 0.5 s in high voltage systems All 3 pole open and close after t-dead-3P Typical dead time: 0.5 s sev. minutes Prevents an AR for a long during fault (eg. in the 2nd zone) Decision about 1-pole AR, 3 pole AR or definitive trip after evolving fault Prolongation of the AR blocking after a manual close command or after close command from the control system
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Important Settings
Blocking of the AR for 5 .. 180 s after an unsuccessful AR attempt.t inhibit is also called recovery time. The breaker needs time to be ready for a new AR cycle Must be long enough to make sure the breaker closes properly. The close pulse is reset direct after an unsuccessful AR attempt.
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
Open circuit breaker blocks the AR device. During a running AR cycle the position of the breaker is not interrogated. This prevents under all circumstances an AR for a switched off CB The breaker is able to switch on to a fault and to open again. This information is interrogated direct before re-closing The breaker is able to do a complete AR cycle This input is not interrogated during a running AR cycle.
If the AR function operates two breakers the supervision signals are needed from both breakers.
ABB
REL316*4
79 four AR cycles
Second AR:
Third AR:
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Fourth AR:
ABB
REL316*4
Fault duration < operating time Example: Trip in zone 1 initates an AR cycle
Fault duration > operating time Example: Trip in a higher zone stops the a fast AR cycle
Starting Tripping
Discrimination time
t dead 1P
Definitive trip
Q0 Ph T
t dead 3P
Q0 Ph R Q0 Ph S Q0 Ph T
Normal setting: t-oper < t2 of distance protection The operating time prevents AR for faults in higher zones faults outside of the own line.
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Examples
Fault:: 1- phase Fault
Starting 1-phase Tripping 1-pole Discrimination time On - pulse Dead time fast AR 1-pole,
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
fast AR 1-pole
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Examples
AR Mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault Example: - fast AR not successful, - slow AR successful
Starting 1-phase Tripping 1-pole Discrimination time 1-pole On-pulse, interrupted with second tripping Dead time fast AR 1-pole, Starting 1-phase Tripping 3-pole Discrimination time 3-pole
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Examples
Fault: 1- phase fault
AR Mode:fast AR 1 / 3 - pole, followed by a long dead time Example: - fast AR not successful; - slow AR not successful
Starting 1-phase Tripping 1-pole Discrimination time 1-pole On-pulse, interrupted with second tripping Dead time 1-pole,
fast AR 1-pole
slow AR
Definitive tripping
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Examples
Mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault Example: - Evolving fault before expiring of discrimination time - fast AR not successful, slow AR successful
Starting 1-phase Tripping 1-pole Discrimination time 1-pole
Dead time 1-pole, interrupted with 2nd fault before expiring of 3-pole discrimination time Starting 1-phase(other phase) Tripping 3-pole Discrimination time 3-pole On-pulse, interrupted with tripping Dead time fast AR 3-pole Starting 1-phase Tripping 3-pole Discrimination time 3-pole
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
fast AR 3-pole
Slow AR
ABB
REL316*4
79 - Examples
AR mode: fast AR 1 / 3 - pole and slow AR Fault: 1- phase fault Example: - Evolving fault after expiring of discrimination time of fast AR - Definitive tripping
Dead time 1-pole, interrupted with 2ten fault after expiring of 3-pole discrimination time
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
Bus I Bus II
Close Trip 2
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Trip 1
Close Trip 2
ABB
REL316*4
Main 1 Bus A
Bus A - CB
Main 2
Main 1
Main 2
Q0 A
AR
AR
AR
Center - CB
Q0 C
AR
AR
AR
AR
Diameter All breakers are closed during normal service
Bus B - CB
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Q0 B Bus B
AR
AR
ABB
REL316*4
Line
Q0 C
CB image
AR C
The Follower re-closes only after successful re-closing of the Master. In case the master is not ready for an ARcycle a signal will be send to the follower. The follower will now re-close in the set dead time.
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
RE.316*4 <Z
Start RST Trip CB Trip CB 3P Start SOTF 1PolAR ZExtensionAR Start Trip CB
Auto-reclosure function
CO ready Close CB
HEST 965 010 C
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
25 27/59
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
the Auto Reclosure is able to send a closing command if the Permit to close Signal is active
ABB
REL316*4
The Voltage Check is required to detect if the Bus / Line is Live or Dead
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
!!!
ABB
REL316*4
Check of only one phase to phase voltage for the busbar and the line is enough
Q0
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
V Bus bar
VLine
ABB
REL316*4
On the busbar the check of one phase to phase voltage is enough On the line the check of all three phase to ground voltage is recommended
Q0
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
Vbus bar
vLine
ABB
REL316*4
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
25 Synchro Check
The Synchro Check is required to detect if in case of a Live Bus & Live Line the grid is synchronized or not
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
!!!
ABB
REL316*4
25 Synchronism Monitoring
V fBusbar = Busbar /2 fLine = Line /2 f = fBusbar - fLine = fSchlupf < 0.10 Hz
VBusbar
VLine
Busbar
Line
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
SETTINGS
ABB
REL316*4
25 Application Example
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
REL316*4
25 Voltage Selection
Only one phase to phase voltage is used for the synchro-check Reasons: A three phase measuring is not needed because the synchro-check is only needed for 3-phase faults For 1-phase AR the synchro-check is bypassed Phase to ground voltage should not be used. The natural zero sequence voltage disturbs in the medium voltage system the sychro-check measuring
RE.316_AR_Syn / 2003-10-01 / RW
ABB
ABB