Date: 17th April 2012 Subject: Biology Class: 9 No.

of students: 22 Duration of lesson: 1hour 10 min Unit topic: Life Processes Lesson Topic: Transport Strategies: Lecture Discussion, Simulation, Direct Instruction General Objectives: Students should gain knowledge about transport systems in multicellular organisms. Specific Objectives: From the slides shown and notes given, students should be able to: 1. Describe the structure and the function of the circulatory system in humans. 2. Describe the composition and function of blood in transport.

Previous Knowledge: Students are already familiar with the different transport systems in multicellular organisms.

Summary of Content: In Living things must be capable of transporting nutrients, wastes and gases to and from cells. Single-celled organisms use their cell surface as a point of exchange with the outside environment. Multicellular organisms have developed transport and circulatory systems to deliver oxygen and food to cells and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes. Multicellular animals do not have most of their cells in contact with the external environment and so have developed circulatory systems to transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes. Components of the circulatory system include

blood: a connective tissue of liquid plasma and cells heart: a muscular pump to move the blood blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins that deliver blood to all tissues

There are several types of circulatory systems. Open circulatory systems are common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems (evolved in insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood. The resulting blood flow is sluggish. Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems (evolved in echinoderms and vertebrates) have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities. Blood flow is not sluggish. Hemoglobin causes vertebrate blood to turn red in the presence of oxygen; but more importantly hemoglobin molecules in blood cells transport oxygen. The human closed circulatory system is sometimes called the cardiovascular system. A secondary circulatory system, the lymphatic circulation, collects fluid and cells and returns them to the cardiovascular system. Blood is a specialized bodily fluid (technically a tissue). In vertebrates it is composed of blood cells suspended in a liquid called blood plasma. Plasma, which comprises 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (90% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), platelets and blood cells themselves. The blood cells present in blood are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs

or erythrocytes) and white blood cells, including leukocytes and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates transportation of oxygen by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is almost entirely transported extracellularly dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ion. Instructional Materials: Computer, Multimedia Projector, Text book Procedure: Introduction (10 minutes) Step1. Teacher will lead students in a short question and answer session to ascertain students prior knowledge about transport in human. Lesson (60 minutes) Step 3. Teacher will proceed with the lesson based on the introductory activity, using the computer, simulations, to give notes along with explanations. Step 4. . The teacher will use the computer generated simulation to provide a visual and aural explanation of the topic.

Evaluation: The lesson was about transport in human. The use of questioning allowed the teacher to understand where the students were coming from and to hear the misconceptions so as to clear them up in the lesson. This proved to be exciting as students gave their opinions about what was happening.