Jacob Glazebrook English 1102-011 Malcolm Campbell

EIP

Juanita D. Collier, et al. "A Comparison Of Symptoms After

Viewing Text On A

Computer Screen And Hardcopy." Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 31.1 (2011): 29-32. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Do you ever find yourself squinting a lot or even your eyes hurting after looking at a computer screen for a long period of time? I know many people have that problem, for my annotated bibliography, I will be researching how computer screens affect eyesight. There have been many experiments that have to do with this topic; Ophthalmic and Psychological Optics (OPO) did one. Their experiment was a comparison of reading off of a computer screen and a hardcopy. The results are surprising. (Collier) The scientists of the OPO proceeded to bring in volunteers and asked them to read the same material from a computer screen and from a hardcopy. The volunteers would read from the computer screen continuously for 20 min, take a break, and then read from the hardcopy continuously for 20 min. The scientists made sure that the 30 volunteers were visually normal and have a mean age of 23.7. There was a fixed chin rest provided for both readings to

ensure that the material was read at a constant viewing angle and distance. Right after each of the readings, the volunteers were required to fill out a questionnaire about their discomfort. To ensure the readings were completely accurate, each reading was separated by at least 24 hours. The results are actually very interesting. (Collier) The results of the experiment made out like I expected, however it was a close race. While the volunteers would do the questionnaire they would rank their discomfort on a scale of 0 to 10. Zero being no discomfort and 10 being extreme discomfort. The scientists went through all of the questionnaires and found a mean and median of reading off of the computer screen, then found a mean and median of reading off of the hardcopy. There were significant differences in the scores for the blurred vision during the task. The symptoms were higher on the computer screen; also almost ever questions resulted in the computer screen being more uncomfortable. However the scores were only off an average of 1.25 scale points. In my mind that is not too bad, I thought the differences would be drastic opposites. (Collier) The experiment that was conducted helps relates to my annotated bibliography because I am interested to see if computer screens can affect someones eyesight. The experiment brings me a step closer by confirming that computer screens are worse to look at than a hardcopy of information.

Withers, Nikki. "Adults Feeling The Strain Of Screen-Based Lives." Optometry Today

52.22 (2012): 7. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. The article talks about many UK adults having to go to the optician because they felt that their eyes were hurting because of excessive screen usage. The UK has done some research and found that many others have been to the optician because of eyestrain caused by computer screens. The researchers found out that, more than one in four adult went to the optician because of it and a little less than on quarter of young adults went to the optician because of eyestrain. A eye surgeon was quoted saying, There is no doubt that daily and prolonged use of screens can have detrimental impact on eyesight. That alone says that it is definitely not good to look at screens for a long period of time. This author is being very informative in the article because she is stating statistics and quoting important people in the article. The information shows that the screens are bad for eyesight and it shows proof along with it. The author has done a lot of research and found out many things that the public need to know about. Most of the resources used by the author are an eye surgeon named Steve Schallhorn. He is also the chairman Optical Express International Medical Advisory Board. This source helps with my research because it has gone into further research about the negative effects of screens on eyesight. The article gives great proof of actual people who have visited the doctor because of eyestrain while looking at screens. This article has not changed my thoughts on the topic; in fact it has made me go forward in my thoughts of the topic. Looking at

screens for long periods of time if not good for you and should be fixed as soon as possible.

"AOA Offers Tips To Help Students Meet Visual Demands In The Classroom." Optometry Times 4.8 (2012): 5. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. This article talks about how students and children are affected by using the computer screens. The article states that 60% of parents say that their children are using electronic devices at least 4 hours a day at home and at school. The article also goes on to talk about how our school systems are becoming more technological. However, they also say that the teachers should teach the students the 20-20-20 rule. This rule states that the student should take a 20 second break, every 20 minuets, and look at something 20 feet away from them. Looking to the distance helps not lock up the eyes in a close up position. The article also talks about the AOA and how they give good tips on how simple changes can decrease the eyestrain from CVS (Computer Vision Syndrome). The first tip is to check the height arrangement of the computer. Second is to check for glare on the computer. Third is to reduce the amount of lighting in the room. And finally make sure you keep blinking while using the computer screens. The author here used organizations to help his argument of how eyestrain is increasing in our schools. The author used the AOA to help with providing informative statistics to help the case. This author used valid resources from

the AOA and the American Eye-Q survey. The statistics came from a reputable source. This article was useful to my research because is helped shows that not only are adults having eyestrain problems with computer and electronic screens, but the children are having trouble too. However the children can he helped and turned into a better path to not get CVS.

Nancy J. White Toronto, Star. "Kill lights to keep melatonin flowingExpert sleep tips." Toronto Star (Canada) n.d.: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. This article is talking about how too much brightness before you try and fall asleep can cause sleepless nights. The brightness before sleep brings down your melatonin levels. Melatonin is the hormone, which makes your body clock tell you its time to go to bed. The brightness before bed suppressed the melatonin flows and makes for a bad sleep/wake cycle. Also the use of the devices can over-stimulate the brain and make the user want to stay up later. The author used many sources to get her information; she took surveys, and actually did experiments to prove her findings. The findings she found were professional and intellectual, they show great findings that others can use. The article is useful for my research because it helps me understand what the brightness does to the brain and body. Knowing those items

can definitely help provide solutions to helping to prevent CVS (Computer Vision Syndrome). This article has informed me about what happens to the body and hormones with too much light before bed. It has helped guide my thoughts on the topic that I have chosen.