CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW PAPER 1

FORM 5

1.

xy n

( 8, k ) 0 Diagram 1 Diagram 1 shows part of a straight line graph drawn to represent y = and n.
10 1. Find the values of k x [4 marks]

2.

log10 y ( 3,9 )

0 Diagram 2

( 7,1) log10 x

Diagram 2 shows part of a straight line graph drawn to represent y = 10kxn, where k and n are constants. Find the values of k and n. [4 marks]

78

CHAPTER 2

y x

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

3.

( 12, 7 )

0 (2 , - 3 ) Diagram 3

1 x

Diagram 3 shows that the variables x and y are related in such away that when against

y is plotted x

1 , a straight line that passes through the points (12 , 7 ) and (2 , - 3 ) is obtained . x Express y in terms of x. [3 marks]

4.

log10 y

Diagram 4

( 5 , -7 )

Diagram 4 shows part of the graph of log10 y against x. The variables x and y are related by the a equation y = x where a and b are constants. Find the values of a and b. b [4 marks ]

79

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

log10 y
5. 2

0 Diagram 5

Diagram 5 shows part of the graph of log10 y against x. The variables x and y are related by the equation y = a (10bx) where a and b are constants. Find the values of a and b. [3 marks]

6.

log10 y
2

-4

0 Diagram 6

log10 x

Diagram 6 shows part of a straight line graph when log10 y against log10 x is plotted. Express y in terms of x. [4 marks]

80

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

7. The variable x and y are related by equation y = pk 3 x , where k and p are constant. Diagram 7 shows the straight line obtained by plotting log10 y against x .

log10 y
( 0, 8 )

(2,2) O Diagram 7 a) Reduce the equation y = pk 3 x to linear form Y = mX + c. b) Find the value of, i) ii)
log10 p ,

k.

[4 marks]

81

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW PAPER 2

FORM 5

1. Use graph paper to answer this question. Table 1 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x n 2 and y are related by the equation y = 2rx + x, where r and n are constants. r x y 2 8 3 13.2 4 20 Table 1 y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on both axes. x Hence, draw the line of best fit. 5 27.5 6 36.6 7 45.5

(a).

Plot

[5 marks]

(b).

Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). n, (ii). r, (iii). y when x = 1.5.

[5 marks]

2. Use graph paper to answer this question. Table 2 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x h and y are related by the equation y = + kx, where h and k are constants. x x y 1 5.1 2 6.9 3 9.7 Table 2 (a). Plot xy against x 2 , using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on the x 2 -axis and 2 cm to 10 units on the xy-axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). h, (ii). k, (iii). y when x = 2.5. 4 12.5 5 15.4 6 18.3

[5 marks]

(b).

[5 marks]

82

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

3. Use graph paper to answer this question. Table 3 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x n and y are related by the equation y = w , where n and w are constants. x x y 3 103 4 87 5 76 Table 3 (a). Plot log10 y against log10 x , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.1 unit on the log10 x -axis and 2 cm to 0.2 units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. [5 marks] Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). n, (ii). w, (iii). y when x = 2. 6 68 7 62 8 57.4

(b).

[5 marks]

4. Use graph paper to answer this question. Table 4 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x b , where a and b are constants. and y are related by the equation y = a x + x x y 0.2 12.40 0.4 8.50 0.6 6.74 Table 4 (a). Plot y x against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the x -axis and 2 cm to 0.2 units on the y x -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. [5 marks] (b). Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). a, (ii). b, (iii). y when x = 0.9. 0.8 5.66 1.2 4.90 1.4 3.87

[5 marks]

83

CHAPTER 2 5. Use graph paper to answer this question.

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

Table 5 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y are related by the equation y = pm x , where m and p are constants. x y 1.5 2.51 3.0 3.24 4.5 4.37 Table 5 (a). Plot log10 y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 0.1 units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. [5 marks] Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). m, (ii). p, (iii). x when y = 4.8. 6.0 5.75 7.5 7.76 9.0 10.00

(b).

[5 marks]

6. Use graph paper to answer this question. Table 6 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y are related by the equation y = hk x , where h and k are constants. x y 3 10.2 4 16.4 5 26.2 Table 6 (a). Plot log10 y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x -axis and 4 cm to 0.5 units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. [5 marks] Use your graph in (a), to find the value of (i). h, (ii). k, (iii). x when y = 35.6. [5 marks] 6 42 7 67.1 8 107.4

(b).

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CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW ANSWER

FORM 5

No. 1.

PAPER 1 Solution xy = x + 10 Calculate gradient from graph n = 10 k =2 log10 y = 2 log10 x + 15 Calculate gradient from graph n = 2 k = 15 c = -5 y 1 = 5 x x y = 1 5x

Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2.

3.

4.

log10 y = - log10 b + log10 a Gradient = -2 b = 100 a = 1000 log10 y = bx + log10 a or log10 y = bxlog10 10 + log10 a a = 100 b=- Gradient = log10 y = log10 x + 2 or log10 102 or log10 x1/2.102 y = 100 x
3 log10 k = 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5.

6. log10 x1/2

7(a) (b)(i) (ii)

log10 y = (3log10 k ) x + log10 p

log 10 p = 8

1 1 1 1 85

k = 10

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

PAPER 2 No. 1(a) x y x 2 4 3 4.4 Solution 4 5 5 5.5 6 6.1 7 6.5 Marks 1

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation y n = 2rx + x r Calculate gradient from graph n = 0.77 r = 0.275 y = 3.6 From graph , x y = 5.4 x2 xy 1 4 5.1 13.8 9 29.1 16 50 25 77 36 109.8

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2.(a)

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation xy = kx 2 h Calculate gradient from graph h = 2 k =3 From graph, xy = 20 y= 8

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CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

3.(a)

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

0.4 0.60 0.70 0.78 0.85 8 log10 y 2.0 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.79 1 Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation log10 y = w log10 x + log10 n Calculate gradient from graph n = 102.3 = 199.526 w = 0.6 From graph, log10 y = 2.12 log10 x y = 102.12 = 131.825

0.90 1.76

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4.(a)

x y x

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 5.5 5.38 5.22 5.06 4.9 4.74 5 Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation y x = ax + b Calculate gradient from graph a = - 0.8 b = 5.7 From graph y x = 4.9 y = 5.165

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

87

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

5.(a)

x log10 y

1.5 3.0 0.4 0.51

4.5 0.64

6 0.76

7.5 0.89

9 1

(i) (ii) (iii)

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation log10 y = x log10 m + log10 p Calculate gradient from graph m = 100.084 or m = 1.2134 p = 100.26 or1.8197 log10 4.8 = 0.68 x= 5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.(a)

All values of log10 y are correct x 3 4 5 6 7 1.0 1.21 1.42 1.62 1.82 log10 y Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis 6 points plotted correctly Draw the line of best fit Reduce non-linear to linear equation log10 y = x log10 k + log10 h Calculate gradient from graph k = 100.2 or k = 1.588 h = 100.425 or h = 2.66 log10 35.6 = 1.55 x = 5.7

1 8 2.03 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(i) (ii) (iii)

88