VIGNANS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN Kondapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), R.R. Dist.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB MANUAL

IVYEAR I SEMESTER (ECE)

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

INDEX Cycle-1
EXPERIMENT: 1 PULSE CODE MODULAION&DEMODULATION EXPERIMENT: 2 DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION. EXPERIMENT:3DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT KEYING . EXPERIMENT: 4 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING EXPERIMENT: 5 DELTA MODULATION. EXPERIMENT: 6 TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING.

PULSE CODE MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

AIM: To study the pulse code modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS: 1) PCM modulation and demodulation trainer kit. 2)1MHZ function generator 3)20MHZ dual channel CRO 4)2mm patch cards

PROCEDURE: 1) Switch on the power supply 2) Connect the CRO probe at variable DC terminal and set CRO in DC mode then vary the pot P2, observe the variable DC (-2.5 to +2.5). 3) Observe the DC voltage at TP2, it is +2.5v.This is origin for ADC (single supply).Any input signal applied at MOD. Input shifted to this voltage level. This voltage is indicating on output LEDs when no input is applied. 4) Connect the patch cord from variable DC terminal to MOD input. Observe the level shifter output at TP2 which is shifted by +2.5v. 5) Keep pot P2 -2.5v side (fully anti clockwise), now observe all LEDs OFF. Now turn P2slowly clock wise and observe LEDs glowing. Observe the serial data at TP4. 6)Connect CRO channel 1 probe at variable DC terminal and channel-2 probe at Demod.output.Vary potP2,observe that same DC voltage should appear at two points.

7) Keep some DC voltage, select one type of encoding method by selecting toggle switch then observe LEDs. Now change the switch position by toggle and observe LEDs. 8) Remove DC from input and connect 1 kHz sine wave at MOD in. 9) Observe sampling rate clock at TP3 by changing sampling rate at toggle switch (4 kHz and 8 kHz). 10) Observe LPF output atTP1, level shifter output at TP2. 11) Observe the sampling clock at TP3 by changing SAMPLING RATE switch and also observe A/D QUANTIZER output at TP4 (serial data output). 12) Observe the Demodulation output .Identify the difference between output waveforms when sampling frequency is 4 kHz and 8 kHz. 13) By changing Amplitude of sine wave observe Demodulation output.

RESULT: Pulse code modulation and demodulation is studied and quantization noise at demodulation output is observed.

DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

AIM: To study the Differential pulse code modulation and demodulation by sending fixed 1 kHz sine and variable frequency sine and square wave.

APPARATUS: 1) DPCM modulation and demodulation trainer kit. 2)20MHZ dual channel CRO 3)2mm patch cords

PROCEDURE: 1) Switch on the power supply 2) Connect the CRO probe at MOD.SIGNAL INPUT and observe 1 kHz sine wave in C.R.O. 3) Connect the probe at TP4 and observe the 8 kHz clock. This is the sampling rate for system then change probe to CLK, observe 2MHz clock this is the system clock for ADC. 4) Connect the patch cord between SINE WAVE and MOD. Input (m (t)).Connect the path cords between DPCM output and DEMOD input. 5) Connect CRO channel 1to sine wave and channel 2 to Demod output. Now we can observe modulation input and demodulated output in CRO.The demodulation output amplitude is less than modulating signal. Because in DPCM we are sending different of previous sample and present sample so there is no enough time to obtain for receiver of exact input for 1 kHz sine input. In DPCM exact amplitude of input will not obtain at receiver for high frequency inputs.

6) Connect CRO channel 1 at sine wave o/p and CH2 at DEMOD o/p, observe waveforms. 7) Vary the input frequency from 20 Hz it 1 kHz, observe o/p at demod out. We can identify the difference between low frequency i/p and high frequency i/p.When i/p is low frequency then o/p is high amplitude than when i/p is high frequency. Because when i/p is low frequency then time period is more. In this time period is more differences are adding or subtracting at receiver. So o/p is high amplitude. When i/p is high frequency time period is less, in this period fewer samples are added of subtracted at receiver.

RESULT: Pulse code modulation and demodulation is studied and quantization noise at demodulation output is observed.

DELTA MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

AIM: To study the Delta modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS: 1) DM modulation and demodulation trainer kit. 2) Oscilloscope-20MHz dual channel, 3) Patch cords

PROCEDURE: 1) Switch on the power supply 2) Connect TX clock to TX clock i/p.The clk frequency should be 32 kHz. 3) In order to ensure for correct operation of the system, we first take the i/p to 0V from DC variable. So connect the +i/p of DM VOLTAGE COMPARATOR to 0V. 4) Observe the o/p of integrator at TP5 and the o/p of the level change the TP6. 5) If the TXs LEVEL CHANGER o/p has equal + &_ o/p levels,Interators o/p will be a triangle wave centered around 0 Volts. However,if the level changers ve level is greate than +level,the integrators o/p will resemble. 6) The relative amplitudes of the level changers +ve and ve o/p levels can be varied by adjusting the LEVEL ADJUST present in the BISTABLE AND LEVEL CHANGER CIRCUIT. 7) The o/p from the TXs BISTABLE circuit will now be a stream of alternate 1 and 0s.this is also the o/p of them itself. The DM is now said to be balancedfor correct operation.

8) Disconnect the voltage comparators + i/p from 0V and reconnect it to the 2khz sine wave. 9) Observe the integrator o/p by varying the amplitude. 10) Observe the Bistable o/p together with the analog i/p at TP4, and note that the 2 kHz sine wave has effectively been encoded into a stream of data bits at the Bistables o/p. 11) Connect the modulation o/p to the integrator i/p and observe the o/p. 12) Connect the LPF i/p and observe the o/p. 13) Connect to the amplifier i/p and observe the demodulation o/p

RESULT: Delta modulation and demodulation is studied and observed.

FSK MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

AIM: To study the FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS: 1) IC 8083---1no. IC 565---1no. IC 741---1no. 2) Resistors 10k (6 no.), 1k (1no.), 560k (2 no.), 33k (1 no.) ohms 3) Capacitors 100(1 no.), 0.1(2 no.), 0.01(9 no.), 0.001(2 no.), 0.05(1 no.) micro farads 4) Function generator 5) Bread board 6) Regulated power supply, connecting wires

PROCEDURE: 1) Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram 2) Before applying message signal measure the frequency and amplitude of carrier at probe-2 3) Apply a message signal, square wave of freq.800 Hz with peak to peak voltage of 1v. 4) Adjust message signal so as to get balanced frequency shift keying o/p and measure the max and min freq. of the modulated o/p. 5) Connect the circuit for demod with the FSK signal as i/p to it. 6) Observe the demod o/p and note down its freq. and amplitude. 7) Plot the wave forms on graph sheet.

RESULT: Frequency shift keying modulation and demodulation is studied and observed.

DPSK MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

AIM: To study the DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT KEYING modulation and demodulation.

APPARATUS: 1) DPSK modulation and demodulation trainer kit. 2) Oscilloscope 20 MHz, Dual channel 3) Patch cords

PROCEDURE: 1) Switch on the power supply 2) Connect data o/p from 4 data o/ps (D1, D2, D3, D4) to data i/ps of DPSK trainer kit. 3) Connect the clock o/p to the clock i/p of DPSK modulator. 4) Connect the carrier o/p to the carrier i/p of DPSK modulator. 5) Observe the differential data o/p on the CRO. 6) Observe the phase shift of DPSK o/p waveform on CRO corresponding to the differential data o/p. 7) Connect DPSK modulator o/p to the DPSK i/p of the demodulator. 8) Connect carrier o/p to the carrier i/p of DPSK demodulator. 9) Connect clock o/p to the carrier i/p of DPSK demodulator. 10)Now observe the DPSK demodulated o/p waveforms on CRO.

RESULT: Differential phase shift keying modulation and demodulation is studied and observed.