Professional Documents
Culture Documents
{}{}
{ (
2003)
315 - 342
23 315-342
1980 } } l!i
)( 1
(744-8 17 )( 792
817-847)
{} {
}
" { ) ~U
(766
"
" )
. 315 .
" ( 2 ) ?
(817)
"(
"j )
()
(812-858) (847)
( )[3)
"(4)
"
""
( (847)
<
"
" {:
"
]
??
?
316
"?
)( (
)
(J
;
(738)
..
'!JJ
"
{ ):
ll'J
317
~~
}
{
. !
g IE3.( '1Jl\XE)
. "(12)
"
(
) (J
{
318 .
E {
tIi
4!i}
(Jll }
( 830)
4}
(2)
J1!
Jl'J s ~..
(3)
{F}
( 7)
:Il\
EJr!i:}
( )
f?}
\11'\Sf;
!i: ii
) (
1!IJr!i:
f }
512
" "
}
[
""
"
( 821)
.
"
"
" (16)
"
. 319 .
""
"
"
""
"
1
"
(!9J
( 21)
""
( )l")
2 ( ) [ T3)
" lt " lt
") j "
1 ( )l
2 (
320
j!
)(
3
) (
?)
( 1863)(]
() (}
"
(
")
1
( ) ( 29)
2 ()
" "
" { ) .
( )
()
1)
"
"
Jj
32 1 .
{ ) .
(7] (3
(761 ) ( WJ )
( "
JiJ i#
9
{
( )
{} { . (805 )
" (35 )
(){
" {}
;fOC
JiJ"
{ {)
322 .
[
?
(776) "(39)
<
"1
"
"
( '1 ) "
( ) (817)
(744)
(792)
323 '
{ ]
" (41)
"
; 792
{ } (7 )
: { "(43J
() "
} { "
( )
? ?
} .
{
"C
" "
} ( 82 1 )
{} { [
"
( "
" 8 1 7
324
" " 8p
(8 17 )
< 819
) 817 819
:l!;
"
"
" ( <))
<
"
( 47)
"
\"
"
?"
""j""
"?"
?
"
"
"
819 823
""
, 325
" t
"
} [ {
} {
"" j
" (52)
[
"
" "
"
"
{
"
"
"
" "
l " "
" $'
. A 7
( 1 )
[ (82 1 )
[ l
326
(819)
{}
(821)
{ }
(8)
(847)
{
{
(4)
(855)
()
)
??
{}
"71
837
837 7
(8 17 )
" ; "
";"
"
327 '
IJ ( )
"
" ()
1~
(IJ )
.
;
""
11
328 '
{}
{ ) .
(758) (762 )(
{ {
2
{
f}
. ( ] (63)
{}
.. b [
)( .."
" {) .
( )
() .
{ :
"{
"[
E
"
. 329 .
4 ]
" (
"
( H~ ":
""
{}
1 ;
'
. .. "(69)
)
J1J
{) (
{ } ) "(1
"
()
" {} .
I'J
[
{} )
[]
" +
. 330
"
" [75J
"
(
""
"
( {}.
(793-867)
"(
"
. 331 .
"
{} {
) { )
" [
"
~rJ
"
"
"0 (
. 332
{ }
Iil:
....
1r
[) !
"
? ?
..(
"
J(( { )
..(
. "
TjI1J
.. (
Iil:
" ..
.. (
($)
.. ()
..
.. IJ
} :
..(]
..
333 '
"
"
"
j(
" +
"
(1) !I(
{ 2 1
{ )
20lll 8-257
( 2)(Jt ) :
19-:-2073 o J'- { 3
1 179 1 E
"!8-"'3
( 3) "..tI 31 1 .
(4)
( )
1002 1
!k " {
336 .
2 1
(5) (JI!)
(x }
i" {"" )
13
) 14 76 | "
EJI:l
(6)
() { .)
2(
2291
[7) !I { ) (} 10 2 12 s
E ) { 31-3 15
.
0
19 3 ; (.) 1 h
- ) { } 7 1
7 1
(9)
2lfi:j
( 10 ) { )
( ) 19 1 j:
) () 15 3
tHl ( ) X ~
1
{ )
1 95 . H )
)
( ) j 7-8 1 9 ; f
) ( 1 4 . E ) (x } 33 1 .
) ( ) 2001 1 @
() 2 2
) (} 0 4 ( ) ( 67
1 ; ( ( l!) l( 10 1 ; (
( ) () 1
1 10 Ji\ { )
337 '
(}
1 5 : ) ( >Jt) 2002 5
(1 { } 19 7
(I 2) { 9) :Ji l
1 1
(J J) { (;t!It) 1 10
( ). "
(14) }
161 . !!I ( }
. 1967 111 )
( }
..'".
..
( 17 )
JU ) Ji( E ) ()
48 (1'175) f ) 5
392-4
(18) ) 1 7 1- 1 61
)
( )
1)
( 1 9) lit!11 ) t " 800
[J( III ) 9
(2 J) () { }
'f!
18
1901
J( ) 8
[] 1
[ ) 927 .
( 25 ) 991
( 26) "
I".
(27) 14
(28) 15
[29)
1 1
[ l(
338
[31)
1 091
[32) ) ( ) 232
[33) [] []
. 1967 f
}
[ 34) { ) 1
( 35) (}
jt Jl<. l 1 7
{) f } .0
"
[36) { )
jtl< ,
'1"9 344
"
7) ( }
4 333 "
(38) ) 1 6 1
(39) ) 6
[40) { . 933
(41 ) } . }
131 8
[42) ( .) { ) 1 5
(43) (.) 37 .
[44)
43 "
[45)
(} 0 {) 739
(46) ( 7823
[47) ir ( ) 253
[ 48 ) ) 1 8 41
(49) ( : . 1979
)(
[51 ) (- 48
[52) (. ) 1
[ )( 4 . 4 . ! flU. (
(}
339
(54)
( } 7
(55)
( !)
110
(56 ) 117
( 57)
(} 1333 .
( 58 ) { )
( k
1 1- 142 ( ) 1 4
.
(59) ( } ( Il1 ) : 1 7
@
() ( ] { }
194 18 {
} {) {) (
} 367
" /"
4 1 (JIIj:7t1l) ) {
) !/t. 1645 ( 9
1ill ( 7 )
"l!!"
( { ) ) 4
$)ji } {
(61) (.) 5
[ ) (
[ )(} 0
199 1 8
l 6
( 64) { )
1 .
[] {
) ( Il!*} 16 1 1998 ? 50 (! )(
)I ( AD) s We &oW.
sity of Ma1ay a,
Bground
of the
Jnhua
( Ph. D.
Chen ,
M'Ie
DiIl6ert8ti Lum. Un
Birth ol a
PoIyh
~logiea1
( 1 )
1-
(66)
( } 933
(67) ( ] {} 1 9 . 1615
. 340 '
(/} 675
J(
18
[ J(} 13
( 70) (} 0
(7 1) ( ?} 71 30
(72)
( O .58
( 73) (} 71
( 74) (.) - 675
(75 ) " . f
(76) (} 0
( 77)
( )
(78)
1 961 . 1 54 1
1 1
[ ) iI {} 1999
(8 1) (}
. 1983
196 a
X ( ) 1996 7 .
(83) ( 75
[ 1- 1 (.) 1215- 121 6
[ ) (.)
1856
(86) (} 75
[) iI !II f) . : 11 :& 113- 122
[ J( 4:
144 { }
[J(} -.
( 9 t.
. 1976 1 729- 1
14 .
[) ( } . 9131 .
(93) ( 1
. 341 .
194J
(} l (}o+7
[)( 72
l%J
197J
<}
1 4
19 J ( 1243
earthed in 19 m
lUl
ALtd recnnt
wo:dc in
the
paper
emment. Offici and minor clerks working ere were barrom commum.ting with
oer
Clrcumstan It
were recruited Hin lmperial Attendan the empe s closest pernal aides , but
were asked to rk in the Imperial Observatol)' nst d. Both later '0 me its Di
recr
342 '