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Overview
Pictorial projection Parallel projection Axonometric projection
Isometric projection
Axes and selection Isometric lines and planes Isometric scale Isometric projection & Isometric drawing
Axonometric Projections
Isometric projections are foreshortened because the object is tipped with respect to the viewing plane. Isometric sketches are not usually foreshortened because they still appear proportionate when showing the dimensions full size along isometric axis lines. It is easier just to sketch the full dimension.
Non-isometric lines
Non-isometric lines are the lines that are not parallel to any of the iso-lines. They are drawn by transferring the distance of X or Y from multi-view to iso-view, not the actual length itself.
Inclined surfaces can not be measured along inclined lines in an isometric sketch. To locate inclined surfaces you must make measurements along the isometric axis lines.
Circles in Isometric
Circles appear as ellispses when drawn in an isometric sketch. To sketch an isometric circle, locate the center and then sketch the box that would enclose the circular shape. Draw the ellispse tangent to the lines of the box.
Drawing iso-circles
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To draw an iso-circle, on left plane, Diameter 20mm
(a) 5 2 5
(b)
(c)
7 (a) Draw centre lines, vertical & 30deg to left. (b) Draw (construction line) 6 8 4 20mm square box. (e) The centre lines should (d) divide each side by half. (c) Draw straight lines; 1-2 & 1-3 and 2-5 & 2-6. (d) Point 7 is the intersection between line 1-2 & 2-5, and similarly point 8, 1-3 & 2-6 on the other side. (e) Set your compass to the distance 7-2, draw an arc with centre at point 7, from point 2 to point 5. Do the same on the other side. (f) Set your compass to the distance 1-2, draw an arc with centre (1), from (2) to (3).
(f)
Arcs are usually sketched by locating their centers and then boxing in the enclosing parallelogram. Sketch the arc tangent to the enclosing box, which is drawn along isometric lines.
Isometric dimensions Although isometric drawing is not intended to transmit dimension, sometimes dimensions are placed to indicate the size. Two types:
Hidden Lines
Hidden lines are not usually shown in isometric sketches unless they are needed to show a feature that would be unclear. Usually the orientation for the isometric drawing should be chosen so that hidden lines arent needed.
Holes are assumed to go completely through the object unless their depth is indicated with a note or with hidden lines.
Isometric features
Common feature shown in isometric drawing.
Screw thread (external) Fillet and rounds
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Single line
Shaded line
Construction lines are light lines sketched in as you initially draw the object. Drawing lines are dark lines which may be used for the initial drawing or which may be created by neatly darkening a construction line.
Step 3: Look at the front side of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?
Step 5: Look at the top of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?
Step 7: Look at the right hand side of the object. Which surface touches the outside of the box?
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Box Object
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Map Surface
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Map Surface
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Map Surface
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Map Surface
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Map Surface
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Notch
Inclined Surface This surface would show up as an edge in the 3rd view
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Finished Example
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Lect 4
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Diameter
Diameter
Length
Lect 4
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Lect 4
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Tangent Points
Lect 4
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Step 4 Ellipse on Back Face Repeat for ellipse on rear face and Profile
Draw Tangent Lines for Profile Complete Visible Part of Back Ellipse
Lect 4
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Lect 4
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