CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY FULLERTON

PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN

INDEPENDENT GRAD RESEARCH EGCE 599

SUBMITTED TO: DR. BINOD TIWARI PROFESSOR

SUBMITTED BY: ISHWAR DHUNGANA GRADUATE STUDENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.1 Pile foundation1 Classification of piles............2 Identification of Pile Alternative....3 Critical aspects of pile design process3 Analysis and Design...4 Step 1: Development of Parameters for Design.........5 Step 2: Loads and Load Combination.10 Step 3: Verifying the Requirement of Pile Foundation.11 Step 4: Selecting Suitable Pile Type and Size..14 Step 5: Nominal Axial Structural Resistance for Selected Pile Type / Size..22 Step 6: Nominal Axial Geotechnical Resistance for Selected Pile Type / Size23 Step 7: Factored Axial Structural Resistance for Single Pile .25 Step 8: Factored Axial Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile26 Step 9: Preliminary Pile Layout Based on Factored Loads and overturning Moment ...27 Step 10: Checking of Geotechnical Axial Capacity..34

Appendices Appendix 1 Geotechnical Parameters Appendix 2 Settlement Influence Factor Chart Appendix Driven 1.0 Software output for skin friction calculation

Foundation Design of Temple Judea at City of Tarzana

Introduction: Attempt has been made to prepare the foundation design report of Temple Judea Project located at city of Tarzana, California. This report is based on the geotechnical investigation conducted at the site. Boring log data has been used to calculate the different soil parameter. The real project consists of subterranean parking garage and three story building. It has been hypothetically assumed to construct 14story high rises building in this site. The detailed structural analysis has been performed and the loads to be transferred to the ground level have been calculated. The structural analysis part has not been shown in this report as it is beyond the scope of this report. From the structural analysis, foundation design loads are obtained both for column foundation and shear wall foundation. This report focuses only on the shear wall foundation design. Shear wall is subjected to 1200 kips of vertical design load and 8000 kip-ft of design overturning moment. After subsequent analysis of the geotechnical data and the structural loads, pile foundation appeared to be a viable solution for the foundation design.

Pile foundation: When the soil at or near the ground surface is not capable of supporting a structure, deep foundations are required to transfer the loads to deeper strata. The most common types of deep foundations are piles, piers and caissons. The mechanism of transfer of the load to the soil is essentially the same in all types of deep foundations. A pile is a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or wood. Pile foundations are used to support many bridges, buildings and other structures. The main function of these foundations is to transfer loads to the ground safely without excessive settlement or lateral movements. Pile foundations are used mainly in the following conditions: 1. When the ground surface is highly compressible and very weak to support the load transferred by the structure.

2. When the structure is irregular relative to its outline and load distribution resulting in differential settlement. 3. When the foundations are required for the transmission of structural loads through deep water to a firm stratum. 4. Pile foundations are used to resist horizontal forces in addition to support the vertical loads in earth retaining, structures and tall structures that are subjected to horizontal forces due to wind or earthquake. 5. Piles are required for potential wash out, erosion or scour of soil from underneath a shallow foundation. 6. Piles are used for the structures which are subjected to uplift i.e. transmission towers, off-shore platforms etc. 7. In case of expansive soils, which swell or shrink as the water content changes, piles are used to transfer the load below the active zone

Classification of piles: Piles can be classified in the following ways: a) Classification based on material used: steel piles, concrete piles, timber piles and composite piles b) Classification based on mode of transfer of loads: end-bearing piles, friction piles and combined end-bearing and friction piles. End bearing piles transmit the loads through their bottom tips. Friction piles transfer the load through skin friction between the pile surface and surrounding soil. c) Classification according to method of installation: driven piles, driven and cast-in-situ piles, bored and cast-in-situ piles, screw piles and jacked piles d) Classification based on use: load bearing piles, compaction piles, tension piles, sheet piles, fender piles and anchor piles e) Classification based on displacement of soil: displacement piles and nondisplacement piles. All driven piles are displacement piles as the soil is displaced laterally when the pile is installed. The soil gets densified. Bored piles are non-displacement piles. As the soils are removed when the hole is bored, there is no displacement of the soil during installation.

Identification of Pile Alternative: After obtaining a general evaluation of the subsurface conditions, attempt has been made to identify all potential useful foundations alternatives for a given structure. Out of the all foundation types available, pile foundation appeared to be technically feasible and economically viable. A wide range of pile types are available for applications with various types of soil and structural requirements. Steel H- piles are selected in this project. Steel H-piles have significant advantages over other types of piles. They can provide high axial working capacity, exceeding 400 kips. They may available in a wide range of sizes and lengths and may be easily handled, spliced, and cut off. H-piles displace less soil and can be fairly easily driven. They can penetrate obstacles better as compared to many other piles with less damage to the pile. The main disadvantages of steel H-piles are the high material costs for steel and long delivery time for mill orders. H-piles are detrimental to excessive corrosion in certain environment. Piles shoes are required when driving in dense sand, gravel, cobbler zones, and when driving piles to refusal on a hard layer of bedrock.

Critical aspects of pile design process: Some of the critical design aspects of the pile design are listed below: 1. Preliminary and final selection of pile type. 2. Allowable deflections at the ground line and fixity of the pile head. 3. Preliminary evaluation of geotechnical data and subsurface situations. 4. Selection of loading conditions, loading effects, potential failure mechanisms, and other related phenomena of the analytical models. 5. Pile spacing and batter 6. Lateral resistance of soil 7. Pile length and axial capacity 8. Stresses in pile during handling, driving and service loading 9. Load testing and monitoring mechanism 10. Drivability of the pile to the selected capacity.

Analysis and Design: Design of a pile foundation involves solving the complex problem of transmitting loads from the structure through the piles to the underlying strata. It consists of the analysis of a structure-pile system, the analysis of a soil-pile system, and the interaction of the two systems, which is extremely non-linear. Close co-operation between the structural engineer and geo-technical engineer is instrumental for the successful design and development of a pile system. However, this particular study mainly focuses on the geotechnical aspects of the pile design. Following are the steps followed to design the pile foundation for a shear of the given building structure:

Step 1: Development of Parameters for Design Step 2: Loads and Load Combination Step 3: Verifying the Requirement of Pile Foundation Step 4: Selecting Suitable Pile Type and Size Step 5: Nominal Axial Structural Resistance for Selected Pile Type / Size Step 6: Nominal Axial Geotechnical Resistance for Selected Pile Type / Size Step 7: Factored Axial Structural Resistance for Single Pile Step 8: Factored Axial Geotechnical Resistance for Single Pile Step 9: Preliminary Pile Layout Based on Factored Loads and Overturning Moment Step 10: Checking of Geotechnical Axial Capacity